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Angle of internal friction for a given soil is the angle on the graph (Mohr's Bearing
Geotechnical Info Search Stress Test Circle) of the shear stress and normal effective stresses at which shear Capacity
Search Thousands of Catalogs Cold Weather
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for Stress Test
Soil Drainage www.globalspec.com Engineering
Sand Loam Soil Angle of Internal Friction, φ , can be determined in the laboratory by the Compaction
Soil Analysis Direct Shear Test or the Triaxial Stress Test. Dams
ASCE Online Library
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areas of civil engineering Engineering
Geotechnical Forum www.ascelibrary.org Earthwork
Ask for technical help or
discuss geotechnical Excavation
issues with other engineers Erosion Control
Typical relationships for estimating the angle of internal friction, φ , are as follows:
Field Testing
Geotechnical Publications
Foundations
Free publications and Empirical values for φ, of granular soils based on the standard penetration number, (from Bowels, Foundation
resources for geotechnical Geophysics
Analysis).
engineers Geosynthetics
SPT Penetration, N-
Laboratory
Geotechnical Software Value (blows/ foot) φ (degrees)
Testing
Download free software 0 25 - 30
and links to geotechnical 4 27 - 32 Materials
software 10 30 - 35 Grouting
30 35 - 40 Instrumentation
Technical Guidance 50 38 - 43 Landfills
Valuable technical
information for Pavement
geotechnical engineers. Analysis
Your questions may be Quality
answered here. Relationship between φ , and standard penetration number for sands, (from Peck 1974, Foundation
Assurance/
Engineering Handbook).
Learning Center Control
SPT
Learning and training Reconnaissance
resources for geotechnical Penetration, Retaining Walls
engineers.
N-Value Density of Seepage
Career Development (blows/ foot) Sand φ (degrees) Settlement
Tips for earning more <4 Very loose <29 Analysis
respect and more money. 4 - 10 Loose 29 - 30 Slope Stability
Market yourself. 10 - 30 Medium 30 - 36
Soil
30 - 50 Dense 36 - 41
>50 Very dense >41 Stabilization
Subsurface
Geotechnical Investigations
Software
Professional
Tunneling
Engineering Relationship between φ, and standard penetration number for sands, (from Meyerhof 1956, Foundation
Software. GEO5. Engineering Handbook). Other Geotechnical
22 Programs. Free SPT Links
demo.
www.finesoftware.eu Penetration,
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N-Value Density of
Soil Testing
(blows/ foot) Sand φ (degrees)
Visual Slope Soil Dams
(Free) <4 Very loose <30
SPT Software
Slope Stability, 4 - 10 Loose 30 - 35
Clay Soil
RSS, Nail, MSE 10 - 30 Medium 35 - 40
Wall, Shoring, 30 - 50 Dense 40 - 45
LRFD Analysis. >50 Very dense >45 Other Geotechnical
www.visualslope.com Resources

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