INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS

DESIGN OF BEAMS
ROOF BEAMS

Length, L (mm) : 6000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 75

Width, b (mm) : 300 Bar Diameter (mm) : 16
Height, h (mm) : 400 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 307 mm
d' : 93 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 6 3 6
Bottom 4 3 4

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 1206.37 603.19 1206.37
As ( BOTT. ) 804.25 603.19 804.25

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.01310 0.00655 0.01310
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.00873 0.00655 0.00873

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 3.24 1.71 3.24
Rn ( Bott. ) 2.24 1.71 2.24

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 82.48 43.61 82.48 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 57.09 43.61 57.09 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 41.70 0.00 74.20 TOP
Mn ( - ) 44.70 0.00 4.68 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 307 mm
d' : 93 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 18.33 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 12.69 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 18.33 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 54.98663

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 49.36 Stirrups are required
53.43 26.71
at L/3 18.3288767702 Stirrups are not required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support -5.42 150
138.28
at L/3 -46.80 150

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support -1850 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 -11990 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 2 2 2

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 6 3 6
Bottom 4 3 4

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 107.21
6 91.90
5 76.59
4 61.28
3 45.96
2 30.64
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
ROOF BEAMS

Length, L (mm) : 3000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 400 Bar Diameter (mm) : 20
Height, h (mm) : 600 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 540 mm
d' : 60 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 4 5 4
Bottom 5 5 5

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 1256.64 1570.80 1256.64
As ( BOTT. ) 1570.80 1570.80 1570.80

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.00582 0.00727 0.00582
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.00727 0.00727 0.00727

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 1.53 1.89 1.53
Rn ( Bott. ) 1.89 1.89 1.89

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 160.77 198.55 160.77 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 198.55 198.55 198.55 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 114.00 0.43 0.55 TOP
Mn ( - ) 37.80 45.00 70.70 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 540 mm
d' : 60 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 176.49 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡 176.49 kn/m
〖𝑊𝑢〗
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 176.49 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 264.73592

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 169.43 Stirrups are required
125.30 62.65
at L/3 88.2453051521 Stirrups are required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support 58.84 270
324.30
at L/3 -49.41 270

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support 290 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 550 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 4 3
Bottom 4 4 4

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 7 8 7
Bottom 8 8 8

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 294.76
6 252.66
5 210.56
4 168.45
3 126.34
2 84.23
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
2-G-1

Length, L (mm) : 4000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 350 Bar Diameter (mm) : 20
Height, h (mm) : 450 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 390 mm
d' : 60 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 6 4 6
Bottom 7 3 7

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 1884.96 1256.64 1884.96
As ( BOTT. ) 2199.11 942.48 2199.11

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.01381 0.00921 0.01381
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.01611 0.00690 0.01611

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 3.40 2.36 3.40
Rn ( Bott. ) 3.88 1.80 3.88

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 162.70 112.87 162.70 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 185.96 86.30 185.96 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 31.30 15.10 13.00 TOP
Mn ( - ) 175.00 34.50 22.60 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 390 mm
d' : 60 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 81.35 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 92.98 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 92.98 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 185.96038

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 149.70 Stirrups are required
79.18 39.59
at L/3 61.9867919984 Stirrups are required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support 94.02 190
204.94
at L/3 -22.93 190

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support 130 Use Spacing
al L/3 460 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 4 3 4
Bottom 5 3 5

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 10 7 10
Bottom 11 5 11

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 212.85
6 182.45
5 152.05
4 121.65
3 91.24
2 60.83
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
3-B-1

Length, L (mm) : 3000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 350 Bar Diameter (mm) : 20
Height, h (mm) : 500 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 440 mm
d' : 60 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 4 3 4
Bottom 3 3 3

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 1256.64 942.48 1256.64
As ( BOTT. ) 942.48 942.48 942.48

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.00816 0.00612 0.00816
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.00612 0.00612 0.00612

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 2.11 1.61 2.11
Rn ( Bott. ) 1.61 1.61 1.61

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 128.47 98.00 128.47 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 98.00 98.00 98.00 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 105.00 0.51 0.45 TOP
Mn ( - ) 16.20 18.30 51.90 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 440 mm
d' : 60 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 114.19 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 87.11 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 114.19 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 171.29096

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 121.05 Stirrups are required
89.33 44.67
at L/3 57.0969878648 Stirrups are required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support 42.28 220
231.22
at L/3 -42.98 220

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support 330 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 760 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 2 2 2

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 7 5 7
Bottom 5 5 5

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 240.15
6 205.85
5 171.55
4 137.25
3 102.94
2 68.63
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
3-G-1

Length, L (mm) : 4000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 300 Bar Diameter (mm) : 20
Height, h (mm) : 400 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 340 mm
d' : 60 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 5 2 5
Bottom 5 2 5

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 1570.80 628.32 1570.80
As ( BOTT. ) 1570.80 628.32 1570.80

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.01540 0.00616 0.01540
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.01540 0.00616 0.01540

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 3.73 1.62 3.73
Rn ( Bott. ) 3.73 1.62 3.73

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 116.54 50.47 116.54 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 116.54 50.47 116.54 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 17.20 9.10 89.20 TOP
Mn ( - ) 94.90 30.10 15.00 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 340 mm
d' : 60 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 58.27 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 58.27 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 58.27 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 116.54052

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 96.73 Stirrups are required
59.17 29.58
at L/3 38.8468394352 Stirrups are required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support 50.08 170
153.14
at L/3 -27.10 170

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support 220 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 860 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 4 2 4
Bottom 4 2 4

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 8 4 8
Bottom 8 4 8

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 185.53
6 159.04
5 132.54
4 106.04
3 79.54
2 53.03
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
4-B-1

Length, L (mm) : 3000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 250 Bar Diameter (mm) : 20
Height, h (mm) : 400 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 340 mm
d' : 60 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 3 2 3

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 942.48 628.32 942.48
As ( BOTT. ) 942.48 628.32 942.48

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.01109 0.00739 0.01109
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.01109 0.00739 0.01109

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 2.79 1.92 2.79
Rn ( Bott. ) 2.79 1.92 2.79

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 72.62 49.96 72.62 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 72.62 49.96 72.62 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 21.30 2.30 1.77 TOP
Mn ( - ) 16.20 0.00 51.90 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 340 mm
d' : 60 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 64.55 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 64.55 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 64.55 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 96.828816

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 74.88 Stirrups are required
49.31 24.65
at L/3 32.2762720121 Stirrups are required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support 34.10 170
127.62
at L/3 -22.71 170

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support 320 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 950 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 2 2 2
Bottom 2 2 2

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 5 4 5
Bottom 5 4 5

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 185.51
6 159.03
5 132.53
4 106.04
3 79.54
2 53.03
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
4-G-1

Length, L (mm) : 4000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 200 Bar Diameter (mm) : 20
Height, h (mm) : 300 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 240 mm
d' : 60 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 2 2 2

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 942.48 628.32 942.48
As ( BOTT. ) 628.32 628.32 628.32

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.01963 0.01309 0.01963
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.01309 0.01309 0.01309

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 4.58 3.24 4.58
Rn ( Bott. ) 3.24 3.24 3.24

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 47.49 33.59 47.49 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 33.59 33.59 33.59 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 7.40 0.52 39.70 TOP
Mn ( - ) 9.40 13.00 15.00 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 240 mm
d' : 60 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 23.74 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 16.79 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 23.74 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 47.48836

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 41.79 Stirrups are required
27.84 13.92
at L/3 15.8294531835 Stirrups are required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support 18.59 120
72.07
at L/3 -16.02 120

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support 410 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 2330 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 2 2 2
Bottom 2 2 2

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 5 4 5
Bottom 4 4 4

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 130.89
6 112.21
5 93.52
4 74.83
3 56.13
2 37.43
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
RG-1

Length, L (mm) : 4000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 250 Bar Diameter (mm) : 20
Height, h (mm) : 350 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 290 mm
d' : 60 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 5 3 5
Bottom 3 3 3

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 1570.80 942.48 1570.80
As ( BOTT. ) 942.48 942.48 942.48

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.02167 0.01300 0.02167
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.01300 0.01300 0.01300

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 4.96 3.22 4.96
Rn ( Bott. ) 3.22 3.22 3.22

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 93.83 60.92 93.83 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 60.92 60.92 60.92 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 11.40 5.00 39.70 TOP
Mn ( - ) 29.00 21.00 5.36 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 290 mm
d' : 60 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 46.92 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 30.46 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 46.92 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 93.830051

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 80.22 Stirrups are required
42.06 21.03
at L/3 31.2766837575 Stirrups are required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support 50.89 140
108.85
at L/3 -14.37 140

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support 180 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 850 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 4 2 4
Bottom 2 2 2

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 8 5 8
Bottom 5 5 5

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 158.21
6 135.63
5 113.04
4 90.44
3 67.84
2 45.23
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
RB-1

Length, L (mm) : 3000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 150 Bar Diameter (mm) : 16
Height, h (mm) : 200 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 142 mm
d' : 58 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 2 3 2

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 603.19 402.12 603.19
As ( BOTT. ) 402.12 603.19 402.12

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.02832 0.01888 0.02832
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.01888 0.02832 0.01888

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 6.07 4.43 6.07
Rn ( Bott. ) 4.43 6.07 4.43

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 16.53 12.07 16.53 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 12.07 16.53 12.07 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 15.00 0.51 1.77 TOP
Mn ( - ) 5.84 10.00 12.00 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 142 mm
d' : 58 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 14.69 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 14.69 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 14.69 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 22.040454

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 19.95 Stirrups are required
12.36 6.18
at L/3 7.3468178655 Stirrups are required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support 10.13 70
31.98
at L/3 -6.68 70

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support 450 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 3200 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 2 1 2
Bottom 1 1 1

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 2 3 2

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 49.49
6 42.44
5 35.38
4 28.31
3 21.24
2 14.17
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
ROOF BEAMS

Length, L (mm) : 6000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 200 Bar Diameter (mm) : 16
Height, h (mm) : 300 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 242 mm
d' : 58 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 2 2 2

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 603.19 402.12 603.19
As ( BOTT. ) 402.12 402.12 402.12

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.01246 0.00831 0.01246
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.00831 0.00831 0.00831

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 3.10 2.14 3.10
Rn ( Bott. ) 2.14 2.14 2.14

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 32.69 22.58 32.69 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 22.58 22.58 22.58 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 54.60 0.00 0.00 TOP
Mn ( - ) 2.07 0.00 19.90 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) INCREASE BARS! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 242 mm
d' : 58 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 7.26 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 5.02 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 7.26 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 21.79307

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 20.04 Stirrups are required
28.08 14.04
at L/3 7.2643566438 Stirrups are not required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support -10.72 120
72.67
at L/3 -27.75 120

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support -740 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 -6070 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 2 1 2
Bottom 1 1 1

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 2 2 2

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 84.47
6 72.41
5 60.35
4 48.29
3 36.22
2 24.15
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
ROOF BEAMS

Length, L (mm) : 6000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 200 Bar Diameter (mm) : 16
Height, h (mm) : 300 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 242 mm
d' : 58 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 2 2 2

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 603.19 402.12 603.19
As ( BOTT. ) 402.12 402.12 402.12

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.01246 0.00831 0.01246
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.00831 0.00831 0.00831

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 3.10 2.14 3.10
Rn ( Bott. ) 2.14 2.14 2.14

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 32.69 22.58 32.69 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 22.58 22.58 22.58 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 37.70 0.00 8.29 TOP
Mn ( - ) 9.98 0.00 34.20 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) INCREASE BARS! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! INCREASE BARS! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 242 mm
d' : 58 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 7.26 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 5.02 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 7.26 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 21.79307

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 20.04 Stirrups are required
28.08 14.04
at L/3 7.2643566438 Stirrups are not required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support -10.72 120
72.67
at L/3 -27.75 120

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support -740 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 -6070 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 2 1 2
Bottom 1 1 1

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 2 2 2

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 84.47
6 72.41
5 60.35
4 48.29
3 36.22
2 24.15
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
ROOF BEAMS

Length, L (mm) : 6000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 250 Bar Diameter (mm) : 16
Height, h (mm) : 400 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 342 mm
d' : 58 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 8 6 8
Bottom 4 4 4

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 1608.50 1206.37 1608.50
As ( BOTT. ) 804.25 804.25 804.25

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.01881 0.01411 0.01881
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.00941 0.00941 0.00941

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 4.42 3.46 4.42
Rn ( Bott. ) 2.40 2.40 2.40

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 116.37 91.07 116.37 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 63.24 63.24 63.24 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 57.10 0.00 77.90 TOP
Mn ( - ) 16.50 74.10 2.74 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! INCREASE BARS! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 342 mm
d' : 58 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 25.86 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 14.05 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 25.86 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 77.583037

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 68.74 Stirrups are required
49.60 24.80
at L/3 25.8610123536 Stirrups are required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support 25.52 170
128.37
at L/3 -31.65 170

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support 430 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 2540 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 4 3 4
Bottom 2 3 2

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 8 6 8
Bottom 4 4 4

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 119.43
6 102.38
5 85.32
4 68.26
3 51.20
2 34.14
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
ROOF BEAMS

Length, L (mm) : 6000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 250 Bar Diameter (mm) : 16
Height, h (mm) : 300 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 242 mm
d' : 58 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 4 3 4
Bottom 3 3 3

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 804.25 603.19 804.25
As ( BOTT. ) 603.19 603.19 603.19

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.01329 0.00997 0.01329
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.00997 0.00997 0.00997

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 3.28 2.53 3.28
Rn ( Bott. ) 2.53 2.53 2.53

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 43.27 33.40 43.27 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 33.40 33.40 33.40 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 55.60 0.00 81.30 TOP
Mn ( - ) 16.70 75.00 48.00 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) INCREASE BARS! ADEQUATE! INCREASE BARS! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! INCREASE BARS! INCREASE BARS! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 242 mm
d' : 58 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 9.62 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 7.42 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 9.62 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 28.846986

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 26.52 Stirrups are required
35.10 17.55
at L/3 9.6156619055 Stirrups are not required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support -11.43 120
90.84
at L/3 -33.97 120

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support -690 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 -5690 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 2 2 2
Bottom 2 2 2

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 4 3 4
Bottom 3 3 3

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 84.48
6 72.43
5 60.36
4 48.30
3 36.23
2 24.15
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
ROOF BEAMS

Length, L (mm) : 6000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 250 Bar Diameter (mm) : 16
Height, h (mm) : 350 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 292 mm
d' : 58 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 3 3
Bottom 2 3 2

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 603.19 603.19 603.19
As ( BOTT. ) 402.12 603.19 402.12

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.00826 0.00826 0.00826
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.00551 0.00826 0.00551

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 2.13 2.13 2.13
Rn ( Bott. ) 1.45 2.13 1.45

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 40.89 40.89 40.89 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 27.89 40.89 27.89 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 50.70 2.16 55.30 TOP
Mn ( - ) 2.66 45.00 0.19 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) INCREASE BARS! ADEQUATE! INCREASE BARS! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! INCREASE BARS! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 292 mm
d' : 58 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 9.09 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 9.09 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 9.09 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 27.258407

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 24.61 Stirrups are required
42.35 21.17
at L/3 9.0861356066 Stirrups are not required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support -23.66 140
109.60
at L/3 -44.35 140

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support -410 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 -2750 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 2 2 2
Bottom 1 2 1

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 3 3
Bottom 2 3 2

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 101.96
6 87.40
5 72.84
4 58.28
3 43.71
2 29.15
 INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
ROOF BEAMS

Length, L (mm) : 6000 Concrete Cover (mm) : 40

Width, b (mm) : 200 Bar Diameter (mm) : 16
Height, h (mm) : 300 Stirrup Diameter (mm) : 10
Fs(Mpa) : 275.86 F'c (Mpa) : 20.7
Effective Depth
d: 242 mm
d' : 58 mm
Beta Code
B: 0.85

No. of Rebars
n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 2 2 2

Steel Area, As ( mm2 )

𝐴�=𝑛 ( 1/4
𝜋𝑑_𝑏^2 )
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
As ( TOP ) 603.19 402.12 603.19
As ( BOTT. ) 402.12 402.12 402.12

Steel Ratio, ρ
�= 𝐴�/𝑏𝑑

LEFT Midspan RIGHT

ρ ( TOP ) 0.01246 0.00831 0.01246
ρ (BOTT. ) 0.00831 0.00831 0.00831

Checking for Beam Steel Ratio

�_𝑏𝑎𝑙=0.85𝐵_1 (𝐹^′
𝑐)/𝐹�( 600/(600+𝐹�) ) �_𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.03714

Adequacy at LEFT:
Adequacy at Midspan:
Adequacy at RIGHT:
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=√(𝐹^′ 𝑐)/(4
𝐹�) ≥ 1.4/𝐹�
�_𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.00508
=
ρ ( TOP ) ρ ( BOTTOM )
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Steel ratio used is adequate Steel ratio used is adequate
Computation for Rn, (Mpa)
𝑅𝑛= �𝐹�[1−0.59�( 𝐹𝑦/(𝐹^
′ 𝑐) )]
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Rn ( Top ) 3.10 2.14 3.10
Rn ( Bott. ) 2.14 2.14 2.14

Moment Capacity, ΦMn (KN.m)

∅𝑀𝑛= ∅𝑅𝑛𝑏𝑑^2 Φ = 0.9
LEFT Midspan RIGHT
ΦMn ( + ) 32.69 22.58 32.69 TOP
ΦMn ( - ) 22.58 22.58 22.58 BOTTOM

Moment Actual ( *see STAAD postprocessing ) , (KN.m)

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) 18.10 8.76 37.80 TOP
Mn ( - ) 4.00 19.50 5.22 BOTTOM

Adequacy of Moment Capacity

LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Mn ( + ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! INCREASE BARS! TOP
Mn ( - ) ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! ADEQUATE! BOTTOM

Design of Stirrups

Effective Depth
d: 242 mm
d' : 58 mm

𝑊𝑢=
〖𝑊𝑢〗 _𝑡𝑜𝑝 7.26 kn/m
(8 〖�𝑀𝑛〗 _𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑)/𝐿^
= _𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡
〖𝑊𝑢〗 5.02 kn/m
2 𝑜𝑚=
𝑢�𝑒 𝑊𝑢= 7.26 kn/m 𝑅= 𝑊𝑢𝐿/2 21.79307

Computation if Stirrups is Required

𝑉𝑐=0.17√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 ( kN ) Φ = 0.75
*Note: If Vu> 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are required
If Vu< 0.50ΦVc -> Stirrups are not required

Vu ( Kn ) ΦVc 0.50ΦVc Remarks

d at support 20.04 Stirrups are required
28.08 14.04
at L/3 7.2643566438 Stirrups are not required

Computation for Maximum Spacing

𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
 𝑉�= (𝑉𝑢 −
∅𝑉𝑐 )/∅
*Note: 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
If Vs< Maximum Spacing = d/2 or 600 (smaller)
0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑
if Vs> Maximum Spacing = d/4 or 300 (smaller)

Maximum Spaciing
Vs 0.33√𝐹^′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 Max Spacing (mm)
d from support -10.72 120
72.67
at L/3 -27.75 120

Computation for Required Spacing

�= Φ = 0.75
(∅𝐴𝑣𝐹𝑦𝑡𝑑)/ Av = 157.08
(𝑉𝑢−∅𝑉𝑐)
S (mm) Remarks
d from support -740 Use Max Spacing O.C.
al L/3 -6070 Use Max Spacing O.C.

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 25 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 2 1 2
Bottom 1 1 1

No. of Rebars ( If other bar dia. Is used. ) = 16 mm

n LEFT Midspan RIGHT
Top 3 2 3
Bottom 2 2 2

N.O.B ΦMn ( computed )

7 84.47
6 72.41
5 60.35
4 48.29
3 36.22
2 24.15