ANNA UNIVERSITY REGIONAL CAMPUS MADURAI

Kilkuyilkudi, Madurai – 625 019

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY MANUAL

EE 8361 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY

II Year/ III Sem – B.E Mechanical Engineering

Prepared by Verified & Approved by

Dr. M. Bhavani HOD – EEE

NAME :
CLASS :
SEMESTER :
ROLL NUMBER :
REGISTER NUMBER :

1
 LABORATORY PRACTICE - SAFETY RULES
1. SAFETY is of extreme importance in the Electrical Engineering Laboratories.
2. Electricity NEVER EXECUSES careless persons. So, practice with enough care
and attention in handling electrical equipment and follow safety practices in the
laboratory. (Electricity is a good servant but a bad master).
3. Avoid direct contact with any voltage source and power line voltages. (Otherwise,
any such contact may subject you to electrical shock)
4. Wear rubber-soled shoes. (To insulate you from earth so that even if you
accidentally contact a live point, current will not flow through your body to earth
and hence you will be protected from electrical shock)
5. Wear laboratory-coat and avoid loose clothing. (Loose clothing may get caught on
an equipment/instrument and this may lead to an accident particularly if the
equipment happens to be a rotating machine)
6. Girl students should have their hair tucked under their coat or have it in a knot.
7. Do not wear any metallic rings, bangles, bracelets, wristwatches and neck chains.
(When you move your hand/body, such conducting items may create a short
circuit or may touch a live point and thereby subject you to electrical shock)
8. Be certain that your hands are dry and that you are not standing on wet floor.
(Wet parts of the body reduce the contact resistance thereby increasing the
severity of the shock)
9. Ensure that the power is OFF before you start connecting up the
circuit.(Otherwise you will be touching the live parts in the circuit)
10. Get your circuit diagram approved by the staff member and connect up the circuit
strictly as per the approved circuit diagram.
11. Check power chords for any sign of damage and be certain that the chords use
safety plugs and do not defeat the safety feature of these plugs by using
ungrounded plugs.
12. When using connection leads, check for any insulation damage in the leads and
avoid such defective leads.
13. Do not defeat any safety devices such as fuse or circuit breaker by shorting
across it. Safety devices protect YOU and your equipment.
14. Switch on the power to your circuit and equipment only after getting them checked
up and approved by the staff member.
15. Take the measurement with one hand in your pocket. (To avoid shock in case you
accidentally touch two points at different potentials with your two hands)
16. Do not make any change in the connection without the approval of the staff
member.
17. In case you notice any abnormal condition in your circuit (like insulation heating
up, resistor heating up etc.), switch off the power to your circuit immediately and
inform the staff member.

2
18. After completing the experiment show your readings to the staff member and
switch off the power to your circuit after getting approval from the staff member.
19. While performing load-tests in the Electrical Machines Laboratory using the brake-
drums:
a. Avoid the brake-drum from getting too hot by putting just enough water into
the brake-drum at intervals; use the plastic bottle with a nozzle (available in
the laboratory ) to pour the water.(When the drum gets too hot, it will burn
out the braking belts)
b. Do not stand in front of the brake-drum when the supply to the load-test
circuit is switched off. (Otherwise, the hot water in the brake-drum will
splash out on you)
c. After completing the load-test, suck out the water in the brake-drum using
the plastic bottle with nozzle and then dry off the drum with a sponge which
is available in the laboratory.(The water, if allowed to remain in the brake-
drum, will corrode it)
20. Determine the correct rating of the fuse/s to be connected in the circuit after
understanding correctly the type of the experiment to be performed: no-load test
or full-load test, the maximum current expected in the circuit and accordingly use
that fuse-rating.(While an over-rated fuse will damage the equipment and other
instruments like ammeters and watt-meters in case of over load, an under-rated
fuse may not allow one even to start the experiment)
21. At the time of starting a motor, the ammeter connected in the armature circuit
overshoots, as the starting current is around 5 times the full load rating of the
motor. Moving coil ammeters being very delicate may get damaged due to high
starting current. A switch has been provided on such meters to disconnect the
moving coil of the meter during starting. This switch should be closed after the
motor attains full speed. Moving iron ammeters and current coils of wattmeters
are not so delicate and hence these can stand short time overload due to high
starting current. No such switch is therefore provided on these meters. Moving
iron meters are cheaper and more rugged compared to moving coil meters.
Moving iron meters can be used for both AC and DC measurement. Moving coil
instruments are however more sensitive and more accurate as compared to their
moving iron counterparts and these can be used for DC measurements only.
Good features of moving coil instruments are not of much consequence for you as
other sources of errors in the experiments are many times more than those
caused by these meters.
22. Some students have been found to damage meters by mishandling in the
following ways:
a. Keeping unnecessary material like books, Lab records, unused meters etc.
causing meters to fall down the table.
b. Putting pressure on the meter (especially glass) while making connections
or while talking or listening somebody.
STUDENTS ARE STRICTLY WARNED THAT FULL COST OF THE METER
WILL BE RECOVERED FROM THE INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS DAMAGED IT IN
SUCH A MANNER.

3
 Observe these safety rules yourself and help your friends to observe.

I have read and understand these rules and procedures. I agree to abide by these
rules and procedures at all times while using these facilities. I understand that failure to
follow these rules and procedures will result in my immediate dismissal from the
laboratory and additional disciplinary action may be taken.

Signature of Student Date Lab in charge

4
ANNA UNIVERSITY REGIONAL CAMPUS MADURAI
Kilakuyilkudi, Madurai – 625 019

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

1. Candidates should come to the lab with proper uniform and good quality leather shoes.
Avoid wearing golden rings, bracelets and bangles.

2. Punctuality and strict discipline should be maintained.

3. Study and prepare well before entering into the lab.

4. Complete the observation after completion of the experiment in the lab itself.

5. Use proper rating of equipment.

6. Be alert till the experiment is completed.

7. Handle the meters carefully, for which you are duly responsible.

8. Make sure that supply is OFF before touching any terminals.

9. Switch OFF the supply, after the completion of the experiment.

10. Return all the apparatus and make sure that nothing is left on the Worktable.

Lab In-charge HOD / EEE

5
 GUIDELINES FOR LABORATORY NOTEBOOK
The laboratory notebook is a record of all work pertaining to the experiment. This
record should be sufficiently complete so that you or anyone else of similar technical
background can duplicate the experiment and data by simply following your
laboratory notebook. Record everything directly into the notebook during the
experiment. Do not trust your memory to fill in the details at a later time.
Organization in your notebook is important. Descriptive headings should be used
to separate and identify the various parts of the experiment. Record data in
chronological order.
Heading:
The experiment identification (number) should be at the top of each page.
Objective:
A brief but complete statement of what you intend to find out or verify in the
experiment should be at the beginning of each experiment.
Diagram:
A circuit diagram should be drawn and labeled so that the actual experiment
circuitry could be easily duplicated at any time in the future. Be especially careful to
record all circuit changes made during the experiment.
Equipment List:
List those items of equipment which have a direct effect on the accuracy of the
data. It may be necessary later to locate specific items of equipment for rechecks if
discrepancies develop in the results.
Procedure:
In general, lengthy explanations of procedures are unnecessary. Be brief. Short
commentaries alongside the corresponding data may be used. Keep in mind the fact
that the experiment must be reproducible from the information given in your
notebook.
Data:
Think carefully about what data is required and prepare suitable data tables.
Record instrument readings directly. Do not use calculated results in place of direct
data; however, calculated results may be recorded in the same table with the direct
data. Data tables should be clearly identified and each data column labeled and
headed by the proper units of measure.
Calculations:
Not always necessary but equations and sample calculations are often given to
illustrate the treatment of the experimental data in obtaining the results.
Graphs:
Graphs are used to present large amounts of data in a concise visual form. Data
to be presented in graphical form should be plotted in the laboratory so that any
questionable data points can be checked while the experiment is still set up. The grid
lines in the notebook can be used for most graphs. If special graph paper is required,
affix the graph permanently into the notebook. Give all graphs a short descriptive title.
Label and scale the axes. Use units of measure. Label each curve if more than one
on a graph.
Results:
The results should be presented in a form which makes the interpretation easy.
Tables are generally used for small amounts of results.

6
 ANNA UNIVERSITYREGIONAL CAMPUS MADURAI
kilakuyilkudi, Madurai – 625 019

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EE8361 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

CYCLE I
1. Load test on DC Shunt motor.
2. Load test on DC Series motor.
3. Speed control of DC shunt motor (Armature, Field control)
4. O.C.C & Load characteristics of DC Shunt generator.
5. O.C.C & Load characteristics of DC Series generator.
6. V curves and inverted V curves of synchronous Motor

CYCLE II
7. Load test on single phase transformer
8. O.C & S.C Test on a single phase transformer
9. Regulation of an alternator by EMF & MMF methods.
10. Load test on three phase squirrel cage Induction motor
11. Speed control of three phase slip ring Induction Motor
12. Study of DC & AC Starters

Lab Incharge HoD – EEE

7
Expt. Page Staff Marks
Date Title of the Experiment
No. No. Initials (20)

10

11

12

13

14

8
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR 2019-2020 (ODD SEMESTER)

CYCLE -I

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Load test on DC Shunt motor.

2. Load test on DC Series motor.

3. Speed control of DC shunt motor (Armature, Field control)

4. O.C.C & Load characteristics of DC Shunt generator.

5. O.C.C & Load characteristics of DC Series generator.

6. V curves and inverted V curves of synchronous Motor

9
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Three point starter

Fuse _
+ + L F A
A
IL
S1 S2
D
Rfm A
P
230 V S
+
D.C. T
Supply S M
V V
F
_
AA Brake
Drum
FF
_

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

10
 Ex. No : 01
LOAD TEST ON D.C.SHUNT MOTOR
Date :

AIM:

To obtain the performance characteristics of a D.C. shunt motor by conducting a load test
and to draw the following curves.

a) Speed Vs Torque b) Output Vs Efficiency c) Output Vs Torque

d) Output Vs Speed e) Output Vs Line Current

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Ammeter MC
2 Ammeter MC
3 Voltmeter MC
Wire wound
4 Rheostat

5 Tachometer Digital (0-1500) RPM

6 Connecting wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm.

TABULATION:

Spring
Line balance
Supply Output Input
current Speed Torque Efficiency
S.no voltage power power
IL N(rpm) S1 S2 T (Nm) η%
VL (Volts) (watts) (watts)
(Amps) (kg) (kg)

CALCULATION:

11
PRECAUTION:

1) DPST switch should be kept open.

2) Motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.
3) Check whether the belt was not in tight condition.

PROCEDURE:

1) Connections were made as per the circuit diagram.

2) Close DPST switch.
3) Start the motor using 3 point starter.
4) Note down the no load current and voltage indicated in the respective ammeter and
voltmeter.
5) Adjust the loading arrangement and note down the corresponding input current drawn by
the motor and the input voltage indicated in the respective meters.
6) Measure the speed using tachometer.
7) Using, the speed of the motor was checked for its rated speed. If it was below the rated
speed, increase the field resistance, using field rheostat, and rated speed was obtained.
8) Repeat the same procedure till the load current reaches the rated value.

MODEL GRAPH:
Load Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor

12
 Mechanical Characteristics Electrical Characteristics

FORMULA USED:
1. Torque (T) = 9.81 X R X (S1S2) Nm.

2. Power input to motor (Pi) = VLIL watts

3. Power output (Po) = 2NT watts

60

4. %Efficiency (η) = Power output (Po) X 100

Power input (Pi)
Where,
R is radius of the brake drum in meter
N is Speed in rpm
V is Supply voltage in volts
IL is Line current in Amps
S1, S2 is spring balance readings

RESULT:
Thus the load test on D.C. shunt motor was conducted and the following graphs were
drawn: a) Speed Vs Torque b) Out put Vs Efficiency
c) Out put Vs Torque d) Out put Vs Speed e) Output Vs Line Current

13
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Two point starter

_
+ L A +
A
Y S2
S1
D
P YY
230 V S

D.C. T +
S
A
Supply V
_
M

AA Brake
_ Drum

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

14
 Ex. No : 02
LOAD TEST ON D.C. SERIES MOTOR
Date :

AIM:
To determine the performance characteristic curves of DC series motor by conducting load
test and to draw the following curves.

a) Speed Vs Torque b) Output Vs Efficiency c) Output Vs Torque

d) Output Vs Speed e) Output Vs Line Current

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Ammeter MC
2 Ammeter MC
3 Voltmeter MC

4 Rheostat Wire wound

5 Tachometer Digital (0-1500) RPM

6 Connecting wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm.

TABULATION:

Spring
Supply Line
balance Output Input
voltage current Speed Torque Efficiency
S.no power power
VL IL N(rpm) S1 S2 T (Nm) η%
(W) (W)
(Volts) (Amps) (kg) (kg)

CALCULATION:

15
PRECAUTION:

1. DPST switch should be kept open.

2. The series motor should be started with some minimum load.
3. Water should be poured in the hollow portion of brake drum.
4. Motor should be stopped with some minimum load.
5. After shut down, the load should be fully released, so as to make the drum free of cool.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections were made as per the circuit diagram.

2. D.C. supply was given by closing the supply main.
3. Using two point starter, the motor was started.
4. The voltmeter, ammeter & spring balance readings were noted & tabulated.
5. The speed of the motor was also noted using tachometer.
6. For various loads, the above readings were noted down.
7. While applying load, the ammeter reading should not exceed 125 % of rated current of
the motor.

MODEL GRAPH:

O/PVs IL

N(rpm) N Vs T Po Vs T
Po(watts) N(rpm)
%η
O/P Vs η
IL(amps)
O/P Vs N

Torque(Nm) O/P Power in watts

FORMULA USED:

1. Torque (T) = 9.81 X R X (S1S2) Nm.

2. Power input to motor (Pi) = VLIL watts

3. Power output (Po) = 2NT watts

60

16
4. %Efficiency (η) = Power output (Po) X 100
Power input (Pi)

Where,
R is radius of the brake drum in meter
N is Speed in rpm
V is Supply voltage in volts
IL is Line current in Amps
S1, S2 is spring balance readings

RESULT:
Thus the load test on d.c. series motor was performed and the following characteristics are
drawn.
1. Speed vs Torque 2.Output Vs Efficiency 3.Output Vs Torque
4. Output Vs Speed 5. Output Vs Line current

17
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor
Three point starter
_
Fuse +
+ L F A A
Ram
Ia
D Rfm A
P
230 V S +
D.C. T
M V Va
Supply S F

AA _
FF +
A If
_ -
_

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

18
 Ex. No : 03
SPEED CONTROL OF D.C.SHUNT MOTOR
Date :

AIM:

To control the speed of DC Shunt Motor by

a) Armature rheostat control method (Below Rated Speed)
b) Field control method (Above Rated speed)

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Ammeter MC
2 Ammeter MC
3 Voltmeter MC

4 Rheostat
Wire wound
5 Tachometer Digital (0-1500) RPM
6 Connecting wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm.

TABULATION:
Armature rheostat control method:

Field current, If1= (A) Field current, If2= (A)

SI. Armature Speed Armature Speed
No. Voltage N Voltage N
V(V) (rpm) V(V) (rpm)

Field control method:

19
 Armature voltage,Va1= (V) Armature voltage,Va2= (V)

Speed Speed
SI. Field current, If1= Field current,
N N
No. (A) If2= (A)
(rpm) (rpm)

PRECAUTION:

1. DPST switches should be kept open.

2. Motor field rheostat should be in minimum resistance position.
3. In the measurement of armature resistance, carbon rheostat should be in maximum
resistance position.

PROCEDURE:
Armature rheostat control method:

1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Close DPST switch.
3. Adjust the field rheostat and set the field current (If) at a constant value.
4. Note down the different values of Speed (N) and armature voltage (Va) by adjusting the
armature rheostat.
5. Repeat the same procedure for different constant values of field current.
6. Bring all the rheostats to its initial position.

Field control method:

1. Set the armature voltage (Va) at a constant value by adjusting armature rheostat.
2. Take different values of field current (If ) and speed (N) by adjusting field rheostat.
3. Repeat the same procedure for different constant values of armature voltage.

MODEL GRAPH:
Armature rheostat control method Field control method

20
 If1
If2

N N
(rpm) (rpm) Va1
Va2

Eb (V) If (A)

FORMULAE USED:

1. Eg = V-IaRa , Volts.
2. Ra = Va / Ia , Ohms.
Where,V - Motor input Voltage.(Volts)
Ia - Armature Current.(Amps)
Ra – Armature Resistance. (Ohms)
Va - Armature Voltage. (Volts)

RESULT:

Thus the speed of DC shunt motor is controlled by armature rheostat control and field
control method and the graphs are plotted.

21
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Three point starter

_
+ Fuse L F A Fuse +
A
SPSTS IL
D D
Rfm A A
P + P
Rfg
230 V S S
D.C. T Variable
T M G V
Supply S2 Resistive load
S1 F F _
AA AA
FF + FF
IF
_ A
_

Rfm – Motor field Rheostat

Rfg – Motor field Rheostat

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

22
Ex. No : 04 OPEN CIRCUIT AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF
Date : DC SELF EXCITED SHUNT GENERATOR

AIM
To draw the open circuit and load characteristics of DC Self Excited Shunt Generator by
conducting open circuit test and load test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity
1 Ammeter MC
2 Voltmeter MC
3 Rheostats Wire Wound
4 Loading Rheostat Resistive
5 Tachometer Digital (0-1500)rpm
6 Connecting Wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm.
7 SPST Switch

PRECAUTION:

1. All DPST switch should be kept open.

2. Motor field rheostat should be in minimum resistance position.
3. Generator field rheostat should be in maximum resistance position.
4. All the switches in the resistive load should be in OFF position.
5. In the measurement of armature resistance, carbon rheostat should be in maximum
resistance position.

PROCEDURE:

Open Circuit Test:

1. Make circuit connections as per circuit diagram.

2. Close DPST switch1.
3. Start the motor using three point starter.
4. Bring the motor generator set to its rated speed by adjusting motor field rheostat.
5. Note down the residual voltage indicated by the voltmeter.
6. Close the SPST switch.
7. Vary generator field rheostat and take the corresponding field current (If) and generated
emf (Eg) indicated by ammeter and voltmeter respectively.
8. Repeat the same procedure till the voltmeter reads rated voltage of DC generator.

23
Load Test:

1. Now close DPST switch2.

2. For each load setting, keep the speed of motor-generator to its rated speed by adjusting
the field rheostat of the motor.
3. Vary the resistive load and note down the corresponding load current (IL) and terminal
voltage V indicated by the respective ammeter and voltmeter.
4. Repeat the same procedure till the load current reaches its rated value.

Measurement of armature resistance (Ra):

1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Close the DPST switch.
9. Vary carbon rheostat and take different values of armature voltage (Va) and armature
current (Ia) indicated by the respective voltmeter and ammeter.

TABULATION:

Open Circuit Test:

S.No Field Current If (Amps) Generated EMF Eg (Volts)

24
Load Test:

S.No Load current IL Terminal Field Armature Generated EMF Eg

(Amps) voltage Current If Current Ia with load
V(Volts) (Amps) (Amps) (Volts)

Measurement of Armature Resistance

Fuse -
+ +
A
Rheostat
Ia
D A
P
230 V S
D.C. T + V M
Supply S Va
AA
-

CALCULATION:

25
MODEL GRAPH:

Eg (Internal)
(Volts) Eg,V
Critical
Resistance Eg Vs Ia
Findout = Eg/If (Volts)
V Vs IL
(External)

If (Amps) IL,Ia (Amps)

FORMULA USED:

Eg = V + IaRa (Volts)
Ia = IL +If (Amps)
Ra = Va/ Ia (Ohms)

Where,
Eg - Generated emf at load condition (V)
V - Terminal voltage (V)
Ia - Armature current (A)
Ra - Armature resistance (Ω)
IL - Load current (A)
If - Field current (A)
Va – Armature voltage (V)

RESULT:
Thus the open circuit and load characteristics of self –excited DC generator are drawn by
conducting open circuit and load test.

26
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OPEN CIRCUIT TEST – DC SERIES GENERATOR

LOAD TEST – DC SERIES GENERATOR

MEASUREMENT OF RA AND RS

27
 Ex. No : 05 OPEN CIRCUIT AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF
Date : DC SERIES GENERATOR

AIM
To draw the open circuit and load characteristics of DC Series Generator by conducting
open circuit test and load test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity
1 Ammeter MC
2 Voltmeter MC
3 Rheostats Wire Wound
4 Loading Rheostat Resistive
5 Tachometer Digital (0-1500)rpm
6 Connecting Wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm.
7 SPST Switch

PRECAUTION:

1. The Starter handle should be kept in OFF position at the time of switching ON the supply
to the DC motor.
2. All DPST switch should be kept open.
3. Motor field rheostat should be in minimum resistance position.
4. All the switches in the resistive load should be in OFF position.
5. In the measurement of armature resistance, carbon rheostat should be in maximum
resistance position.

PROCEDURE:

Open Circuit Test:

1. Make circuit connections as per circuit diagram.

2. Close DPST switch1.
3. Start the motor using three point starter.
4. Bring the motor generator set to its rated speed by adjusting motor field rheostat.
5. Note down the residual voltage indicated by the voltmeter.
6. Vary generator field rheostat and take the corresponding field current (If) and generated
emf (Eg) indicated by ammeter and voltmeter respectively.
7. Repeat the same procedure till the voltmeter reads rated voltage of DC generator.

28
Load Test:

1. Now close DPST switch2.

2. For each load setting, keep the speed of motor-generator to its rated speed by
adjusting the field rheostat of the motor.
3. Vary the resistive load and note down the corresponding load current (IL) and
terminal voltage V indicated by the respective ammeter and voltmeter.
4. Repeat the same procedure till the load current reaches its rated value.

Measurement of armature resistance (Ra):

3. Make connections as per the circuit diagram.

4. Close the DPST switch.
10. Vary carbon rheostat and take different values of armature voltage (Va) and armature
current (Ia) indicated by the respective voltmeter and ammeter.

TABULATION:

Open Circuit Test:

S.No Field Current If (Amps) Generated EMF Eg (Volts)

29
Load Test:

S.No Load current IL Terminal Field Armature Generated EMF

(Amps) voltage Current If Current Ia Eg with load
V(Volts) (Amps) (Amps) (Volts)

Measurement of Ra & Rf :

V (Volt) I (Amp.) Ra + Rs = V/I

CALCULATION:

MODEL GRAPH:

30
FORMULA USED:

Eg = V + Ia(Ra+Rs) (Volts)
Ia = IL (Amps)
Ra = Va/ Ia (Ohms)

Where,
Eg - Generated emf at load condition (V)
V - Terminal voltage (V)
Ia - Armature current (A)
Ra - Armature resistance (Ω)
Rs – Series field resistance (Ω)
IL - Load current (A)
If - Field current (A)
Va – Armature voltage (V)

RESULT:
Thus the open circuit and load characteristics of DC series generator are drawn by
conducting open circuit and load test.

31
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR 3 PHASE SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
DOL Starter (0-600V),10A
DOUBLE ELEMENT (0-10A)MI
WATTMETER
10A L
R M A
T A1
L1 V
C
R
440VAC P v (0-600V)MI
50Hz
10A
Y S
y #
L2 B
440VAC B1
T
50Hz F1 F2 BRAKE DRUM
S
M
10A
B L

L3 C1
C
V

(0-2A)MC
5A
+ A
D 250/1.8A
P
220V S
DC T
S
32
5A
 Ex. No : 06 V AND INVERTED V CURVES OF THREE PHASE
Date : SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

AIM:
To plot the V and Inverted V- Curves of the given Synchronous Motor at no-load and on
load.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter MI
2 Ammeter MI
3 Rheostat Wire wound
4 Double Element Wattmeter EDM

5 Tachometer Digital (0-1500) RPM

6
Connecting Wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm

NAME PLATE DETAILS :

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

PRECAUTIONS:
Before closing the DPST switch,
1. The 3 phase auto transformer must be kept at minimum position.
2. The field rheostat must be kept at maximum resistance position.
3. Load is no load position.
4. While doing the experiment, the load current IL, should not exceed the rated current of
the generator
While shut down the generator, again precaution (1), (2) & (3) must be satisfied

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram
2. Supply is given by TPSTS
3. By adjusting the autotransformer the rated voltage is supplied
4. By adjusting the syn.motor field rheostat the readings are noted up to rated current under
no load conditions
5. The same procedure is repeated for load conditions.

33
 FORMULA USED:

Both Load and No load condition

Cos=W/3VIa

TABULATION:

Field
Armature Power
Current W1 W2 Power
Sl. No Load Current Factor

If (A) Ia (A) Obs Act Obs Act W=W1+W2 W/(√3VLIL)

No Load

Load 1

MODEL GRAPH:

IL(Amps)
Full Load
Ia(Amps)

Full Load
Half Load
Half Load
No Load
No Load

IF(Amps) IF(Amps)
Result:

Thus the V and Inverted V-curves of the given synchronous motor have been plotted at various
values of loads.

34
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR 2019-2020 (ODD SEMESTER)

CYCLE -II

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Load test on single phase transformer

2. O.C & S.C Test on a single phase transformer
3. Load test on a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor
4. Regulation of three phase alternator by EMF method
5. Regulation of three phase alternator by MMF method
6. Speed control of three phase slip ring induction motor
7. Study of DC Motor and Induction Motor (AC) starters

35
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

P M L M L
A A A
Ip Is
D C V D C V
230 V P Wi P1 S2 P Wo
1-  S Vs S
50 Hz T V Vp V T 1-  Variable
AC S1 S2 Resistive
Supply E P2 S2 load

N C

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

36
 Ex. No : 07 LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
Date :

AIM:
To determine the percentage efficiency and voltage regulation of a single phase
transformer by conducting load test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter MI
2 Ammeter MI
3 Wattmeter LPF & UPF EDM
4 Single Phase Auto Transformer MI

5 Connecting Wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm

6
Loading Rheostats Resistive

PRECAUTION:

1. All DPST switches should be kept open.

2. Single phase auto transformer should be in minimum voltage position.
3. All the switches in single phase variable resistive load should be in OFF position.

37
TABULATION:
S.No Vp Ip Wp Vs Is Ws %η % %
(Volts) (Amps) (Watts) (Volts) (Amps) (Watts) Regulation Regulation
Div Act Div Act Up Down

38
PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Close the DPST switch 1.
3. Adjust single phase auto transformer till the voltmeter connected across the primary
winding reads rated primary voltage.
4. Note down the corresponding primary current, primary power input and secondary
voltage under no-load condition indicated by the respective meters.
5. Close the DPST switch 2.
6. Vary the resistive load and note down the corresponding readings indicated by respective
measuring instrument.
7. Repeat the same procedure till the secondary load current reaches its rated value.

MODEL GRAPH:

Percentage Efficiency: Percentage Regulation:

Regulation Up
% Regulation
% Efficiency η

Regulation down

Wo (W)
Wo (W)
FORMULAE USED:
1. Percentage efficiency % η = (Output / Input) × 100 = (Ws / Wp) × 100

2. Percentage regulation up = ((Vo2 – V2) / V2) × 100

3. Percentage regulation down = ((Vo2 – V2) / Vo2) × 100

WATTMETER MULTIPLICATION FACTOR:

1. M.F = (V×I× cos  ) / maximum no. of divisions on the scale.
2. Actual power measured = M.F. × No. of divisions
where, Vp – Primary voltage, (Volts). Vs – Secondary voltage, (Volts).
Ip – Primary current, (Amps) Is – Secondary current, (Amps).
Wp – Primary input power, (Watts) Ws – Secondary output power, (Watts).
V02 – No-load secondary voltage, (Volts)
V2 – Secondary voltage at load condition, (Volts).

39
CALCULATION:

RESULT:

Thus the percentage efficiency and voltage regulation of single phase transformer are
determined by conducting load test.

40
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

1. Open Circuit Test

Fuse Fuse
P M L
A A
Ioc
D C V
230 V P Woc P1 S2
1-  S OPEN
50 Hz T V Voc CIRCUIT
AC S
Supply P2 S2
E

N C
1Φ
1Φ Auto Transformer
Transformer
2. Short Circuit Test

P M L
A A
Isc
D C V
230 V P Wsc P1 S2
1-  S
50 Hz T V Vsc
AC S
Supply P2 S2
E

N C
1Φ
1Φ Auto Transformer
Transformer
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

41
 Ex. No : 08 OPEN CIRCUIT AND SHORT CIRCUIT TEST ON
Date : SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

AIM:

1. To predetermine the efficiency and voltage regulation for any specified loading
conditions.
2. To obtain approximate equivalent circuit
By conducting open circuit and short circuit tests on single phase transformer.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter MI
2 Ammeter MI
3 Wattmeter LPF & UPF EDM
4 Single Phase Auto Transformer MI

5 Connecting Wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm

6
Loading Rheostats Resistive

DESIGN:
1. O.C. TEST

From Name plate details

Rated voltage = 230V
So, voltmeter range (0-300V) MI
In open circuit condition, current is smaller. So ammeter range (0-5A) MI. Wattmeter range
300V, 5A,LPF. At no load condition, p.f. is very less, so we use LPF meter.

2.S.C. TEST

From Name plate details Voltage rating smaller range (say 150V)
Rated KVA = X KVA (assume)

Rated primary current = X = 10Amps(say)

Py voltage

Ammeter range = (0-rated)A, Wattmeter range: 150V,10A,UPF.

42
TABULATION:
I. Open Circuit Test:
No load input voltage(Voc) No load current(Ioc) No load power input Woc (W)
(V) (A) Divisions Actual

II. Short Circuit Test:

Short Circuit Power Wsc
Short circuit voltage(Vsc) Short circuit current(Isc)
(W)
(V) (A)
Divisions Actual

CALCULATION:
Predetermination of Efficiency
p.f. = (assume)
Total Cos Ф = 1 Cos Ф = 0.8 Cos Ф = 0.6
% Copper
losses
S.no load loss Wcu Po Pi Po Pi Po Pi
(W) η% η% η%
(X) watts watts watts watts watts watts watts
watts

Predetermination of Regulation

% Regulation
S.No P.F. (cos) sin Lagging P.f Leading P.f
X= X= X= X=

43
PRECAUTION:

1. For O.C. test, the secondary of the transformer should be open circuited.
2. For S.C. test, the secondary of the transformer should be short circuited.
3. In both tests, the variac should be kept at minimum position initially.

PROCEDURE:

O.C. TEST

1. Circuit connections were made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Variac was varied and rated voltage was applied to primary of the transformer.
3. Ammeter, voltmeter & wattmeter readings were noted down.
4. Variac was brought to minimum position & supply was cut off.

S.C. TEST

1. Variac was varied such that the rated current of the transformer flows in the
secondary side.
2. Ammeter, Voltmeter & Wattmeter readings were noted down.
3. Variac was minimized to zero position & supply was cut off.

MODEL GRAPH:

Regulation

UPF

Leading p.f Lagging p.f

OUTPUT
Regulation

44
FORMULAE USED:
I. Open Circuit Test:

1. Iron or core loss Wi=Woc (W)

2. No load power input (Woc) = Voc * Ioc* cos Φ oc (W)
3. Cos Φ oc = Woc/(Voc*Ioc)
4. Iw = Ioc cos Φ oc (A)
5. Iµ = Ioc sin Φ oc (A)
6. R0=Voc/Iw (Ω)
7. X0=Voc/ Iµ (Ω)
II. Short Circuit Test:

1.Copper losses(Wcu)=X2 *Wsc(W)

2. Z01=Vsc/Isc(Ω)
3.R01 =Wsc/I2sc(Ω)
Z 01  R01
2 2
4.X01 = (Ω)
Percentage Efficiency
1.Total Losses (Wt)=Woc + Wcu (W)
2.Output power (P0)= X * full load kVA * Cos Φ (W)
3.Input power (Pi )= P0+Wt (W)
4.Percentage Efficiency η = ( Po/Pi) *100
5. Percentage regulation = X * (Isc(R01 cos Φ + X01 sin Φ))/Voc *100
+ sign for lagging power factor
- sign for leading power factor
Wattmeter Multiplication Factor:
1. M.F = (V×I× cos  ) / maximum no. of divisions on the scale.

Determination of Transformer Equivalent Circuit

45
To determine equivalent circuit constants:
p.f. cos o = Wo
Vo Io
Iw = Io coso = working component of no load current.
Magnetizing component I = IoSino

Ro = Vo
Iw
Xo = Vo
I
2. Actual power measured = M.F. × No. of divisions
where, Vp – Primary voltage, (Volts). Vs – Secondary voltage, (Volts).
Ip – Primary current, (Amps). Is – Secondary current, (Amps).
Wp – Primary input power, (Watts)Ws – Secondary output power, (Watts).
oV2 – No-load secondary voltage, (Volts). V2 – Secondary voltage at load condition,

RESULT:

Thus the open circuit and short circuit tests on single-phase transformer were performed,
efficiency and regulation of single phase transformer were predetermined at different percentage
of load and different power factors.

46
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
W1
Fuse Fuse
M L
R A
A
V C S2
V S1
T R
440 V P
3-Phase E
S C
Y Y
A
50 Hz T
S Break
AC B Three-phase
Drum
Supply Induction Motor
V C
C E
B
A M L

W2

C E
NAME PLATE DETAILS:

47
 Ex. No : 09 LOAD TEST ON A THREE-PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE
Date : INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM:
To conduct a load test on a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor and to draw the
following performance characteristic curves
(i) Output Vs Efficiency (ii) Output Vs Torque (iii) Output Vs Slip
(iv) Output Vs Line current (v) Output Vs Power
(vi) Line current Vs Efficiency (vii) Line current Vs Torque
(viii) Line current Vs Slip (ix) Line current Vs Power factor
(x) Slip Vs Torque

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter MI
2 Ammeter MI
3 Wattmeter LPF & UPF EDM
4 Three Phase Auto Transformer MI

5 Tachometer Digital (0-1500) RPM

6
Connecting Wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm

PRECAUTIONS:
1. TPST switch should be kept open.
2. Three-phase variac should be kept in minimum voltage position.
3. Loading arrangement should be in no-load condition

48
 TABULATION:

Spring balance Wattmeter

Line Line readings Readings Output
Speed Torque Power
Voltage Current (Kg) (W) power
S.No N T Factor % Slip %η
VL IL Po
(rpm) S1 S2 S1 ~S2 W1 W2 W1 ±W2 (Nm) cos
(V) (A) (W)

49
PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Close TPST switch.
3. Adjust the three-phase variac till the voltmeter shows the rated line voltage of the
Induction Motor.
4. Note down the line voltage, line current power input and the speed indicated by the
respective voltmeter, ammeter, wattmeter’s and tachometer under no-load condition.
5. Load the machine by means of break drum arrangement and note down the corresponding
meter readings and speed.
6. Repeat the same procedure up to the rated current of the Induction Motor.

MODEL GRAPH:
O/P vs P.f %Slip vs T

O/P vs % η
%Slip vs O/P
O/P vs T Po (W)
N (rpm)
T (Nm)
T (Nm) O/P vs IL
IL (A)
P.f O/P vs N
%η
%Slip
Po (W)

CALCULATION:

FORMULAE USED:
1. Torque T =9.81× (S1~S2) ×R. (Nm)
2NT
2. Output power P0 = . (W)
60
3. Input power Pi = (W1 ±W2) = 3 VL  I L  cos . (W)
4. cos = (W1 ±W2) / 3 VL  I L
5. Percentage efficiency= (Output/Input) ×100 = (Po/Pi) 100.

6. Ns = 120 f/P (rpm)

50
 7. Percentage slip = (Ns-N)/Ns×100
Where,
S1, S2 - Spring balance readings (kg) R - Radius of the brake drum (m)
cos - Power factor VL - Line voltage (V)
IL - Line current (A) N - Speed (rpm)
NS -Synchronous speed (rpm) f - Frequency of the supply
P - No. of Poles.
3VI cos 
Multiplication Factor =
Full scale deflection

RESULT:

Thus the load test on three phase squirrel cage induction motor was conducted and
performance characteristics curves were drawn.

51
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR EMF METHOD

3 POINT
STARTER
20 A
+ L F A
A
A1
D R V T
P P
230V S F1 S
DC ~
T T
S M Y S
B
F1 F2
F2 A2

20 A

A
+ 5A

D
P
230V S
DC T
S
5A

52
 Ex. No : 10 REGULATION OF THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR BY
Date : EMF METHOD

AIM:
To predetermine the voltage regulation of three phase alternator by EMF method

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter MI
2 Ammeter MI
3 Rheostat Wire wound
4 Loading Rheostat Resistive
(0-1500)
5 Tachometer Digital
RPM
6
Connecting Wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm

NAME PLATE DETAILS :

DC MOTOR ALTERNATOR

PRECAUTIONS:

Before closing the DPST switch,

1. The motor filed rheostat must be kept at minimum resistance position.
2. The generator field rheostat must be kept at maximum resistance position.
3. Check whether the starter handle is kept at OFF position.
4. While doing the experiment, the load current IL, should not exceed the rated current of the
generator
5. While shut down the generator, again precaution (1), (2) & (3) must be satisfied.

53
PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram, supply is given through DPSTS1
2. To start prime mover by 3pt starter
3. To keep motor field rheostat in minimum and alternator field rheostat maximum position
4. To adjust motor speed to rated by motor field rheostat
5. To close DPSTS2 and adjust the alternator field rheostat to rated voltage
6. To record voltage and corresponding field current for various readings (up to rated
voltage)
7. To keep alternator field rheostat in minimum position
8. To close TPSTS
9. To adjust field rheostat to rated armature current or short circuit current
10. To record rated armature current and corresponding field current.

a. Open circuit test :

Field current (If) Open circuit voltage Voc

Sl.No.
in Amps in Volts

b. Short circuit test :

Rated short circuit

Field current (If) in
armature current Ia
Amps
in Amps

c. To find Ra

Sl.No. Va (Volts) Ia (Amps)

54
TO MEASUREMENT OF STATOR RESISTANCE (Ra)

(0-10A)MC
10A VRL
+ A

D R
P
S V (0-50V)MC
220v T ~
DC S

10A

MEASUREMENT OF STATOR RESISTANCE

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram
2. Supply is given through DPSTS
3. To vary the variable resistive load
4. To record the corresponding voltage and current
5. Take average resistance value

FORMULA USED
% of regulation =(E0 – V/V)x 100

where E0 = (Vcos+IscRsc)2 (Vsin+IscXsc)2

+ve sign for lagging power factor
-ve sign for leading power factor
E0 – Induced emf on no load
V-TheTerminal voltage per phase
Isc-Short circuited current

Xsc= Zs2-Rsc2
Where, Xs=synchronous reactance per phase
Zs=E1/I1
Zs=impedance per phase E1-voltage per phase from OCC
I1-Short circuited current Rac-Effective stataor resistance
Rac=1.6x Rdc

55
MODEL GRAPH:
Graph1:Eo Vs If, Isc Vs If
Graph2: %age of regulation VS power factor

Eo
Isc
O.C.C.

S.C.C.

If Amps

+ %age of
Regulation

Lagging Power Factor Leading Power Factor

%age of
Regulation

RESULT:

Thus the regulation of alternator by emf method is calculated and graphs were drawn.

56
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR MMF METHOD

3 POINT
STARTER (0-10)MI
20 A
+ L F A A
(0-600V)MI
D R V T
A1
P P
230V S F1 S
DC ~
T T
S M S
Y
B
F1 F2
F2 A2

20 A

(0-2A)MC
A
+ 5A

D
P
S
230V
T
DC
S
5A

57
 Ex. No : 11 REGULATION OF THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR BY
Date : MMF METHOD

AIM:
To predetermine the voltage regulation of three phase alternator by MMF method

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter MI
2 Ammeter MI
3 Rheostat Wire wound
4 Loading Rheostat Resistive
(0-1500)
5 Tachometer Digital
RPM
6
Connecting Wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm

NAME PLATE DETAILS :

DC MOTOR ALTERNATOR

PRECAUTIONS:

Before closing the DPST switch,

1. The motor filed rheostat must be kept at minimum resistance position.
2. The generator field rheostat must be kept at maximum resistance position.
3. Check whether the starter handle is kept at OFF position.
4. While doing the experiment, the load current IL, should not exceed the rated current of
the generator
5. While shut down the generator, again precaution (1), (2) & (3) must be satisfied.

58
PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram, supply is given through DPSTS1
2. To start prime mover by 3pt starter
3. To keep motor field rheostat in minimum and alternator field rheostat maximum position
4. To adjust motor speed to rated by motor field rheostat
5. To close DPSTS2 and adjust the alternator field rheostat
6. To record voltage and corresponding field current for various readings (upto rated
voltage)
7. To keep alternator field rheostat in minimum position
8. To close TPSTS
9. To adjust armature field rheostat
10. To record rated armature current and corresponding field current.

TABULATION:

OC test

SL.NO If(Amps) E0(volts)

SC test

SL.NO If(Amps) ISC(Amps)

TABULATION FOR REGULATION

Lagging Leading
Eo(volts) % of Eo(volts) % of
SL. NO. Power factor
reg reg

59
MODEL GRAPH
Graph1:Eo Vs If, Isc Vs If
Graph2: %age of regulation VS power factor

Eo
Isc
O.C.C.

S.C.C.

If Amps

+ %age
of
Regulatio
n

Lagging Power Factor Leading Power Factor

%age of
Regulatio
nnn

Field current for lagging power factor

Ifl1 = IF12+IF22+2xIF1xIF2xCos(90-)

Field current for leading power factor

Ifl2= IF12+IF22-2xIF1xIF2xCos(90-)
Where
If1=Field current corresponding to rated voltage

IF2=Field current corresponding to rated current

%age of regulation=E0-V/Vx100

RESULT:
Thus the regulation of alternator by mmf method is calculated and graphs were drawn.

60
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SPEED CONTROL OF 3 PHASE SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR

61
 EE 8361 – ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY MANUAL

Ex. No : 13
SPEED CONTROL OF THREE PHASE SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR
Date :

AIM :
To control the speed of three phase slip ring induction motor and draw its performance
characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED :

S.No Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Voltmeter MI
2 Ammeter MI
3 Tachometer Digital (0-1500) RPM
4 Connecting Wires Copper 2.5 sq.mm

NAME PLATE DETAILS :

INDUCTION MOTOR

PROCEDURE :
1. The connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep the 3Ф autotransformer in minimum position and switch ON the power supply.
3. The A.C supply is given to the motor by closing the TPST switch.
4. Start the 3Ф sip ring induction motor by using auto transformer
5. Initially resistance of the rotor resistance starter is kept at maximum resistance position.
6. By varying the auto transformer and change the voltage then the speed of the motor can be
controlled.
7. Now gradually reduce the resistance of the rotor resistance starter and note down the
corresponding meter readings.
GRAPH :

RESULT :
Thus the speed of three phase slip ring induction motor was conducted and its performance
characteristics were drawn.
 Ex. No : 14
STUDY OF DC MOTOR AND INDUCTION MOTOR (AC) STARTERS
Date :

AIM: To study the DC and Induction (AC) motor starters.

THEORY:

Induction motors take about 1.5 to 2 times its rated full load current at the time of starting. This
heavy current although may not be dangerous for the motor. Therefore if normal supply is applied to
the stationary motor, as in the case of a transformer, very large initial current is taken up by the
primary, at least for a short while. At the starting time there is no back emf to oppose the initial rush
current.

The excessive current is objectionable. Because it will produce large line voltage drop that will
affect the operation of the electrical equipment connected in the same line. Hence it is not advisable to
start motors of rating about 25 KW to 40 KW.

DIRECT ON-LINE STARTER:

In the circuit additionally thermal overload relays have been used to protect the motor winding
against over heating. When the ON button is pressed, the conductor coil becomes energized and its
gets closed. The motor gets connected to the supply mains. The motor continuously get the supply
through the contacts even when push button is released. The when the OFF button is pressed, the coil
is de energized, the motor is disconnect from the supply. In case of an over load, the relay opens
simultaneously the motor will stop.

STAR DELTA STARTER:

This types of starter is used in Squirrel cage Induction motor. The stator phase windings are
first connected in star and full voltage is applied across the terminals. As the motor picks up speed, the
windings are connected with Delta position by using change over switch. In star compared with
Delta.Thereby connecting the motor windings first in star then in Delta.

ROTOR RESISTANCE STARTER:

This type of starter is used in slip ring Induction motor. In this type, for reducing the starting
current during starting period, some extra resistance is included in rotor circuit. Then the external
resistance provided in rotor circuit is increases gradually. The starting torque also increases
proportionally. When the motor attains the full speed the external resistance in Rotor circuit is fully
cutout and the slip ring terminals are short circuited.

63
AUTO TRANSFORMER STARTER:

This starter consists of an auto transformer and a switch. When the switch is put on START
position, a reduced voltage is applied across the motor terminals. When the motor picks up the sapeed,
say to 80% of its normal speed, the switch is put on RUN position. Then the auto transformer starter is
cut of the current and full rated voltage gets applied across the motor terminals. The manual auto
transformer starter can be made push button automatic controlled starter so that the control switches
over from start to run position as the motor picks up 80%of its speed.

THREE POINT STARTER:

The three terminals of the starting box are marked A,B and C. Only line is directly connected
to one armature terminal and one field terminal which are tied together. the other line is connected to
point A which is further connected to the starting arm L, through the over current release M. To start
the motor, the main switch is first closed and then the starting arm is slowly moved to the right. as
soon as the arm makes contact with stud no.1, the field circuit is directly connected across the line and
at the same time full staring resistance RSis placed in series with the armature. The starting current
drawn by the armature V/(Ra+Rs). As the arm is further moved, the starting resistance is gradually
cutoput till,

DIAGRAM NEED TO BE DRAWN FROM THE STANDARD TEXT BOOK

AFTER GETTING CONCURENCE FROM THE CONCERNED FACULTY
WHO IS HANDLING THE LAB FOR THE PARTICULAR BATCH

RESULT:

Thus the DC Motor and Induction Motor (AC) starters were studied.

64