Lecture 14

13 May 2019
 Intended Learning Outcomes
• Explain Statically Indeterminate members
• Describe the advantages and disadvantages of Statically
Indeterminate members
• Compare Statically Determinate members with Statically
Indeterminate members
• Discuss the method for analysis of Statically Indeterminate
members
• Solve problems related to Statically Indeterminate members

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 Introduction

• If the number of independent static equilibrium equations is not

sufficient for solving for all the external and internal forces (support
reactions and member forces, respectively) in a system, then the system
is said to be statically indeterminate.

• A statically determinate system, as against an indeterminate one, is that

for which one can obtain all the support reactions and internal member
forces using only the static equilibrium equations.
 Introduction

• The following figures illustrate some example of statically

determinate and indeterminate structures.

Statically Statically
determinate indeterminate
Introduction
 Reasons of studying Statically
Indeterminate members
– Most of the structures designed today are statically
indeterminate
– Reinforced concrete buildings are considered in most cases
as a statically indeterminate structures since the columns
& beams are poured as continuous member through the
joints & over the supports
– More stable compare to determinate structure or in
another word safer.
– The comparison in the next page will enlighten more
 Comparison
Determinate Structure
Considerable compared to
indeterminate structure
Deflection
Indeterminate Structure
Generally smaller than determinate
structure

P P
4
PL3 PL3
1
48EI 192EI

High moment caused thicker Less moment, smaller cross section

member & more material needed & less material needed
P P
2
Stress

1
PL PL
4 8
 Comparison
Determinate Structure
Support will not develop the
horizontal force & moments that
necessary to prevent total collapse
No load redistribution
Stability in case of over load
When the plastic hinge formed
certain collapse for the system
P P
Plastic
Hinge
Indeterminate Structure
Will develop horizontal force &
moment reactions that will hold
the beam
Has the tendency to redistribute
its load to its redundant supports
When the plastic hinge formed
the system would be a
determinate structure
Plastic
Hinge
 Comparison
Determinate Structure
No effect & no stress would be
developed in the beam
Temperature
Indeterminate Structure
Serious effect and stress would be
developed in the beam

P P

No effect & no stress would be Serious effect and stress would be

Displacement

developed developed
Differential

P P
 Advantages
• For a given loading the maximum stress and deflection of an
indeterminate structure are generally smaller than those of its statically
determinate counterpart.

• The structure has a tendency to redistribute its load to its redundant

supports in cases where faulty design or overloading occurs. In these
cases, the structure maintains its stability and collapse is prevented. This
is particularly important when sudden lateral loads, such as wind or
earthquake, are imposed on the structure.
 Advantages

• Indeterminate structures can support a loading with thinner members

and with increased stability compared to their statically determinate
counterparts
 Disadvantages
• The cost savings in material must be compared with the added cost
necessary to fabricate the structure, since oftentimes it becomes
more costly to construct the supports and joints of an indeterminate
structure compared to one that is determinate.

• More important, though, because statically indeterminate structures

have redundant support reactions, one has to be very careful to
prevent differential displacement of the supports, since this effect
will introduce internal stress in the structure.
 Method of Analysis
• When analysing any indeterminate structure, it is necessary to satisfy
equilibrium, compatibility, and force-displacement requirements for the
structure.

• Equilibrium is satisfied when the reactive forces hold the structure at

rest.

• Compatibility is satisfied when the various segments of the structure fit

together without intentional breaks or overlaps.

• The force-displacement requirements depend upon the way the material

responds; in this text we have assumed linear elastic response.
Analysis of Indeterminate Members

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Analysis of Indeterminate Members

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Analysis of Indeterminate Members

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Analysis of Indeterminate Members

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Analysis of Indeterminate Members

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Analysis of Indeterminate Members

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Problems Solution
 Problems Solution 1
A steel bar 50 mm in diameter and 2 m long is surrounded by a shell of a cast
iron 5 mm thick. Compute the load that will compress the combined bar a
total of 0.8 mm in the length of 2 m. For steel, E = 200 GPa, and for cast iron,
E = 100 GPa.

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Problems Solution 1

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 Problems Solution 2
A rigid block of mass M is supported by three symmetrically spaced rods as
shown in Figure on the RHS. Each copper rod has an area of 900 mm2; E =
120 GPa; and the allowable stress is 70 MPa. The steel rod has an area of
1200 mm2; E = 200 GPa; and the allowable stress is 140 MPa. Determine the
largest mass M which can be supported.

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Problems Solution 2

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 Problems Solution 3
The rigid platform in the Fig. has negligible mass and rests on two steel bars,
each 250.00 mm long. The center bar is aluminum and 249.90 mm long.
Compute the stress in the aluminum bar after the center load P = 400 kN has
been applied. For each steel bar, the area is 1200 mm2 and E = 200 GPa. For
the aluminum bar, the area is 2400 mm2 and E = 70 GPa

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Problems Solution 3

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 Problems Solution 4
The assembly in Fig. consists of a light rigid bar AB, pinned at O, that is
attached to the steel and aluminum rods. In the position shown, bar AB is
horizontal and there is a gap, Δ = 5 mm, between the lower end of the steel
rod and its pin support at C. Compute the stress in the aluminum rod when
the lower end of the steel rod is attached to its support.

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Problems Solution 4

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Problems Solution 4

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 Problems Solution 5
The composite bar in Fig. is stress-free before the axial loads P1 and P2 are
applied. Assuming that the walls are rigid, calculate the stress in each
material if P1 = 150 kN and P2 = 90 kN.

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Problems Solution 5

150

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Problems Solution 5

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 Problems Solution 6 (Assignment)
A homogeneous bar with a cross sectional area of 500 mm2 is attached to
rigid supports. It carries the axial loads P1 = 25 kN and P2 = 50 kN, applied as
shown in Fig. Determine the stress in segment BC. (Hint: Use the results of
previous Prob., and compute the reactions caused by P1 and P2 acting
separately. Then use the principle of superposition to compute the reactions
when both loads are applied.)

Note: No need to submit the assignment. 1 - 33

 THANKS
Questions (if any)