JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited

Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Design of reinforced concrete lining (RCC)

Feeder Tunnel (SC-III)
INPUT DATA

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) = 1706.75 m

Feeder Tunnel Invert El. = 1688.00 m

DESIGN LOAD

1. Self Weight of Lining

Self weight of lining modeled in Staad Pro.

2. Contact Grout Pressure = 200.00 kN/m2

3. Internal water pressure during initial filling condition

At tunnel invert = (1706.75-1688)*10

= 93.75 kN/m2
At side wall bottom = 93.75 kN/m2
At crown of tunnel = 68.75 kN/m2

4. Tunnel Dewatering Condition

At tunnel invert = (1706.75-1688)*10

= 93.75 kN/m2
At side wall bottom = 93.75 kN/m2
At crown of tunnel = 68.75 kN/m2

5. Rock Load

Rock Load on Tunnel = (0.35+1)/2 x (B + Ht)

= 6.82 m
Assuming 25 % of rock load transfer to the lining = 1.70 m
Unit Weight of Rock = 27 kN/m3
Rock Load pressure on the lining(acting on overt) = 46.02 kN/m2
Rock Load pressure on the lining(side walls) = 27.61 kN/m2

Load Combination

6. Construction Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 2

7. Initial Filling Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 3

8. Dewatering Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 4 + Load Case 5

SUPPORT SPRING STIFFNESS

Sping stiffness for unit length of tunnel lining is worked out based on EM-1110-2-2901

Radial Sping Stiffness, Kr = Er b Φ / (1+ µr)

Tangential sping stiffness, Kt = Kr / (G.Er)
= 0.5* Kr / (1+ µr)
where,

Modulus of Deformation of Rock = 4000.00 N/mm2

Width of element under consideration,b = 1000.00 mm
Length of outer member in STAAD model, l = 0.54 m
Centre line radius of crown portion ofTunnel, ro = 2.338 m
Angle subtended by the element in Radians (Φ = l/r) = 0.23 Radians
Poisson's ratio of Rock, µr = 0.20
Kr = 769888.8 kN/m

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 1 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Say 769888.0 kN/m

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 2 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

ANALYSIS

As per B-4 of IS 456:2000, for uncrack section a member subjected to combine axial load & bending following
equation shall be satisfied :

For arch portion

Load Case : Construction Condition

Maximum direct compressive stress = 0.791 N/mm2

Permissible stress in concrete for direct compression = 6.000 N/mm2
Maximum compressive stress in bending = 3.059 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending compression = 8.500 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

0.791 3.059
+ = 0.49 <1
6.000 8.500
HENCE SAFE

For arch portion

Load Case : Initial Filling Condition

Maximum direct tensile stress = 0.058 N/mm2

Permissible stress in concrete for direct tension = 1.600 N/mm2
Maximum tensile stress in bending = 0.428 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending tension = 1.750 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

0.058 + 0.428
= 0.28 <1
1.600 1.750
HENCE SAFE

For arch portion

Load Case : Dewatering Condition

Maximum
Permissibledirect compressive
stress in concrete stress
for direct compression = 1.001 N/mm2
= 6.000 N/mm2
Maximum compressive stress in bending = 1.431 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending compression
= 8.500 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

1.001 1.431
+ = 0.34 <1
6.000 8.500
HENCE SAFE

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 3 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Reinforcement Calculation for side wall (left side) portion for critical condition(Load case-Construction Con

Max Unfactored BM in sidewall 45.636 kN-m

Max Unfactored SF in sidewall 99 kN

Max Unfactored Axial force in sidewall

and crown 305.172 kN

Size of beam element 0.54 m

Axial Force(Unfactored) = 305.172

0.04X fckXAg = 300
Design the element as compression + Bending member member(refer IS 456:2000 , clause 32.3.2)

Grade of Concrete (fck) = M 25

Grade of Steel (if required) = Fe 500
Here, width of section (b) = 1000
Depth of the section (D) = 300
cover(d' ) = 75
dia of reinforcement = 12
Effective depth(d) = 219
d'/D = 0.25
Chart 38 of SP-16 for d'/D 0.20

Since the compression with bending chart present in SP-16 is limited to d'/D 0.2 , which is less than
0.25 , therefore the value of pt/fck has been slightly increased

Pu(Factored axial force) = 457.76

Unfactored Bending Moment 45.64
Design B.M. with FOS 1.5 = 68.45
Pu/fck bD = 0.061
Mu/fckbD2 = 0.030
pt/fck = 0.013
Percentage of steel required(pt) = 0.325
Percentage of steel required(pt) on one face = 0.16
Area of steel required(on both face) = 975

12 @ 200 has been provided on both faces of tunnel lining, which satisfies the minimum reinforcement requirement of
EM 1110-2-2901: Engineering and Design TUNNEL AND SHAFTS IN ROCK (0.28% of cross-sectional area ) and 10 @
200 has been provided for distribution reinforcement.

Dia of steel provided = 12.00

Spacing provided = 200.00
Area of steel provided = 565.20
Percentage of steel provided on one face = 0.19

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 4 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Check for shear(Loading condition - Dewatering condition)

Coefficient of shear strength β = 15.41

1.18 (refer clause 40.2.2 od IS 456:2000)

Unfactored SF = 99

Shear strength of concrete τc = 0.38

Nominal shear stresses τv = 0.68
not ok,shear reinforcement will be provided

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 5 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

τv-τc = 0.30
Vus = 65.04
Vus/d = 2.970
No. of legs per unit width (400 mm spacing into the tunnel) = 3.00
See table 62 of SP-16 correeponding to10mm dia

for 3.00 legged bars spacing = = 200.00

Reinforcement Calculation for invert portion for critical condition (Load case-Deawatering condition)

Max Unfactored BM in invert 35.567 kN-m

Max Unfactored BM in invert at face of support 19.29 k

Max Unfactored SF in invert at d distance from face of

support 90 kN

Size of beam element 0.54 m

Grade of Concrete (fck) = M 25

Grade of Steel (if required) = Fe 500
Here, width of section (b) = 1000
Depth of the section (D) = 300
cover(d' ) = 75
dia of reinforcement = 12
Effective depth(d) = 219
Max Bending moment = 35.567
Bending moment at face of support = 19.29
Design B.M. at face of support with FOS 1.5 = 28.935
Area of steel required = 312.82
Dia of steel provided = 12.00
Spacing provided = 200.00
Area of steel provided on one face = 565.20
Percentage of steel provided on one face = 0.19

12 @ 200 has been provided on both faces of tunnel lining, which satisfies the minimum reinforcement requirement of
EM 1110-2-2901: Engineering and Design TUNNEL AND SHAFTS IN ROCK (0.28% of cross-sectional area ) and 10 @
200 has been provided for distribution reinforcement.

Check for shear(Loading condition - Dewatering Condition)

Coefficient of shear strength β = 15.41

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 6 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Shear strength of concrete τc = 0.32

Unfactored SF at d distance from face 90

Nominal shear stresses τv = 0.62
not ok,shear reinforcement will be provided

τv-τc = 0.29
Vus = 64.45
Vus/d = 2.060
No. of legs per unit width (400 mm spacing into the tunnel) = 3.00
See table 62 of SP-16 corressponding to 10 mm dia

for 3.00 legged bars spacing = = 200.00

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 7 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 8 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

bending following

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 9 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

d case-Construction Condition)

all 45.636 kN-m

kN
kN

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

kN
kN-m

%
%
mm2

orcement requirement of
ctional area ) and 10 @

mm
mm
mm2
%

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 10 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

kN

N/mm2
N/mm2

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 11 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

N/mm2
kN
kN/cm

mm

atering condition)

35.567 kN-m

at face of support 19.29 kN-m

at d distance from face of

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
kNm
kNm
kN-m
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
%

orcement requirement of
ctional area ) and 10 @

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 12 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

N/mm2

kN
N/mm2
will be provided

N/mm2
kN
kN/cm

mm

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 13 of 71

Maximum Bending Moment ( Load Combination - Dewatering Condition) Sidewall

Grade of Concrete (fck) = M 25

Grade of Steel (if required) = Fe 500
Here, width of section (b) = 1000
Depth of the section (D) = 250
cover(d' ) = 50
dia of reinforcement = 12
Effective depth(d) = 194
Max. Design B.M. = 14.388
Area of steel required = 173.69
Dia of steel provided = 12.00
Spacing provided = 200.00
Area of steel provided = 565.20
Percentage of steel provided = 0.23

Maximum Bending Moment ( Load Combination - Dewatering Condition) Invert

Grade of Concrete (fck) = M 25

Grade of Steel (if required) = Fe 500
7061364 SKHEP
Here, width | Design
of section (b)Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 |=March 2016 1000 14
Depth of the section (D) = 250
cover(d' ) = 50
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
kN-m
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
%

7061364
mm SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 15
mm
mm
 Max moment
Max axial force
Max moment
JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Design of reinforced concrete lining (RCC)

Feeder Tunnel (SC-III)
INPUT DATA

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) = 1706.75 m

Feeder Tunnel Invert El. = 1688.00 m

DESIGN LOAD

1. Self Weight of Lining

Self weight of lining modeled in Staad Pro.

2. Contact Grout Pressure = 200.00 kN/m2

3. Internal water pressure during initial filling condition

At tunnel invert = (1706.75-1688)*10

= 93.75 kN/m2
At side wall bottom = 93.75 kN/m2
At crown of tunnel = 68.75 kN/m2

4. Tunnel Dewatering Condition

At tunnel invert = (1706.75-1688)*10

= 93.75 kN/m2
At side wall bottom = 93.75 kN/m2
At crown of tunnel = 68.75 kN/m2

5. Rock Load

Rock Load on Tunnel = (0.35+1)/2 x (B + Ht)

= 6.82 m
Assuming 25 % of rock load transfer to the lining = 1.70 m
Unit Weight of Rock = 27 kN/m3
Rock Load pressure on the lining(acting on overt) = 46.02 kN/m2
Rock Load pressure on the lining(side walls) = 27.61 kN/m2

Load Combination

6. Construction Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 2

7. Initial Filling Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 3

8. Dewatering Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 4 + Load Case 5

SUPPORT SPRING STIFFNESS

Sping stiffness for unit length of tunnel lining is worked out based on EM-1110-2-2901

Radial Sping Stiffness, Kr = Er b Φ / (1+ µr)

Tangential sping stiffness, Kt = Kr / (G.Er)
= 0.5* Kr / (1+ µr)
where,

Modulus of Deformation of Rock = 4000.00 N/mm2

Width of element under consideration,b = 1000.00 mm
Length of outer member in STAAD model, l = 0.54 m
Centre line radius of crown portion ofTunnel, ro = 2.338 m
Angle subtended by the element in Radians (Φ = l/r) = 0.23 Radians
Poisson's ratio of Rock, µr = 0.20
Kr = 769888.8 kN/m

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 20 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Say 769888.0 kN/m

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 21 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

ANALYSIS

As per B-4 of IS 456:2000, for uncrack section a member subjected to combine axial load & bending following
equation shall be satisfied :

For arch portion

Load Case : Construction Condition

Maximum direct compressive stress = 0.791 N/mm2

Permissible stress in concrete for direct compression = 6.000 N/mm2
Maximum compressive stress in bending = 3.059 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending compression = 8.500 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

0.791 3.059
+ = 0.49 <1
6.000 8.500
HENCE SAFE

For arch portion

Load Case : Initial Filling Condition

Maximum direct tensile stress = 0.058 N/mm2

Permissible stress in concrete for direct tension = 1.600 N/mm2
Maximum tensile stress in bending = 0.428 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending tension = 1.750 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

0.058 + 0.428
= 0.28 <1
1.600 1.750
HENCE SAFE

For arch portion

Load Case : Dewatering Condition

Maximum
Permissibledirect compressive
stress in concrete stress
for direct compression = 1.001 N/mm2
= 6.000 N/mm2
Maximum compressive stress in bending = 1.431 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending compression
= 8.500 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

1.001 1.431
+ = 0.34 <1
6.000 8.500
HENCE SAFE

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 22 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Reinforcement Calculation for side wall portion for critical condition(Load case-Construction Condition)

Max Unfactored BM in sidewall 45.636 kN-m

Max Unfactored SF in sidewall 99 kN

Max Unfactored Axial force in sidewall 305.172 kN

Size of beam element 0.54 m

Axial Force(Unfactored) = 305.172

0.04X fckXAg = 300
Design the element as compression + Bending member member(refer IS 456:2000 , clause 32.3.2)

Grade of Concrete (fck) = M 25

Grade of Steel (if required) = Fe 500
Here, width of section (b) = 1000
Depth of the section (D) = 300
cover(d' ) = 75
dia of reinforcement = 12
Effective depth(d) = 219
d'/D = 0.25
Chart 38 of SP-16 for d'/D 0.20

Since the compression with bending chart present in SP-16 is limited to d'/D 0.2 , which is less than
0.25 , therefore the value of pt/fck has been slightly increased

Pu(Factored axial force) = 457.76

Unfactored Bending Moment 45.64
Design B.M. with FOS 1.5 = 68.45
Pu/fck bD = 0.061
Mu/fckbD2 = 0.030
pt/fck = 0.013
Percentage of steel required(pt) = 0.325
Percentage of steel required(pt) on one face = 0.16
Area of steel required(on both face) = 975

12 @ 200 has been provided on both faces of tunnel lining, which satisfies the minimum reinforcement requirement of
EM 1110-2-2901: Engineering and Design TUNNEL AND SHAFTS IN ROCK (0.28% of cross-sectional area ) and 10 @
200 has been provided for distribution reinforcement.

Dia of steel provided = 12.00

Spacing provided = 200.00
Area of steel provided = 565.20
Percentage of steel provided on one face = 0.19

Check for shear(Loading condition - Dewatering consition)

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 23 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Coefficient of shear strength β = 15.41

1.18 (refer clause 40.2.2 od IS 456:2000)

Shear strength of concrete τc = 0.38

Nominal shear stresses τv = 0.68
not ok,shear reinforcement will be provided

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 24 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

τv-τc = 0.30
Vus = 65.04
Vus/d = 2.970
No. of legs per unit width (400 mm spacing into the tunnel) = 3.00
See table 62 of SP-16 correeponding to10mm dia

for 3.00 legged bars spacing = = 200.00

Reinforcement Calculation for invert portion for critical condition (Load case-Deawatering condition)

Max Unfactored BM in invert 35.567 kN-m

Max Unfactored SF in invert 160.376 kN

Size of beam element 0.54 m

Grade of Concrete (fck) = M 25

Grade of Steel (if required) = Fe 500
Here, width of section (b) = 1000
Depth of the section (D) = 300
cover(d' ) = 75
dia of reinforcement = 12
Effective depth(d) = 219
Max Bending moment = 35.567
Bending moment at face of support = 19.2
Design B.M. at face of support with FOS 1.5 = 28.8
Area of steel required = 311.32
Dia of steel provided = 12.00
Spacing provided = 200.00
Area of steel provided on one face = 565.20
Percentage of steel provided on one face = 0.19

12 @ 200 has been provided on both faces of tunnel lining, which satisfies the minimum reinforcement requirement of
EM 1110-2-2901: Engineering and Design TUNNEL AND SHAFTS IN ROCK (0.28% of cross-sectional area ) and 10 @
200 has been provided for distribution reinforcement.

Crown junction portion

Check for shear(Loading condition - Construction Condition)
Coefficient of shear strength β = 15.41

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 25 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Shear strength of concrete τc = 0.32

Unfactored SF from d distance from face 160.376

Nominal shear stresses τv = 1.10
not ok,shear reinforcement will be provided

τv-τc = 0.78
Vus = 170.02
Vus/d = 5.461
No. of legs per unit width (200 mm spacing into the tunnel) = 6.00
See table 62 of SP-16 corressponding to 10 mm dia

for 6.00 legged bars spacing = = 200.00

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 26 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 27 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

bending following

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 28 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

struction Condition)

all 45.636 kN-m

n sidewall 305.172 kN

kN
kN

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

kN
kN-m

%
%
mm2

orcement requirement of
ctional area ) and 10 @

mm
mm
mm2
%

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 29 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

N/mm2
N/mm2

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 30 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

N/mm2
kN
kN/cm

mm

atering condition)

35.567 kN-m

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
kNm
kNm
kN-m
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
%

orcement requirement of
ctional area ) and 10 @

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 31 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

N/mm2

kN
N/mm2
will be provided

N/mm2
kN
kN/cm

mm

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 32 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Design of reinforced concrete lining (RCC)

Feeder Tunnel (SC-III)
INPUT DATA

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) = 1706.75 m

Feeder Tunnel Invert El. = 1688.00 m

DESIGN LOAD

1. Self Weight of Lining

Self weight of lining modeled in Staad Pro.

2. Contact Grout Pressure = 200.00 kN/m2

3. Internal water pressure during initial filling condition

At tunnel invert = (1706.75-1688)*10

= 93.75 kN/m2
At side wall bottom = 93.75 kN/m2
At crown of tunnel = 68.75 kN/m2

4. Tunnel Dewatering Condition

At tunnel invert = (1706.75-1688)*10

= 93.75 kN/m2
At side wall bottom = 93.75 kN/m2
At crown of tunnel = 68.75 kN/m2

5. Rock Load

Rock Load on Tunnel = (0.35+1)/2 x (B + Ht)

= 6.82 m
Assuming 25 % of rock load transfer to the lining = 1.70 m
Unit Weight of Rock = 27 kN/m3
Rock Load pressure on the lining(acting on overt) = 46.02 kN/m2
Rock Load pressure on the lining(side walls) = 27.61 kN/m2

Load Combination

6. Construction Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 2

7. Initial Filling Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 3

8. Dewatering Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 4 + Load Case 5

SUPPORT SPRING STIFFNESS

Sping stiffness for unit length of tunnel lining is worked out based on EM-1110-2-2901

Radial Sping Stiffness, Kr = Er b Φ / (1+ µr)

Tangential sping stiffness, Kt = Kr / (G.Er)
= 0.5* Kr / (1+ µr)
where,

Modulus of Deformation of Rock = 4000.00 N/mm2

Width of element under consideration,b = 1000.00 mm
Length of outer member in STAAD model, l = 0.54 m
Centre line radius of crown portion ofTunnel, ro = 2.338 m
Angle subtended by the element in Radians (Φ = l/r) = 0.23 Radians
Poisson's ratio of Rock, µr = 0.20
Kr = 769888.8 kN/m

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 33 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Say 769888.0 kN/m

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 34 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

ANALYSIS

As per B-4 of IS 456:2000, for uncrack section a member subjected to combine axial load & bending following
equation shall be satisfied :

For arch portion

Load Case : Construction Condition

Maximum direct compressive stress = 0.791 N/mm2

Permissible stress in concrete for direct compression = 6.000 N/mm2
Maximum compressive stress in bending = 3.059 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending compression = 8.500 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

0.791 3.059
+ = 0.49 <1
6.000 8.500
HENCE SAFE

For arch portion

Load Case : Initial Filling Condition

Maximum direct tensile stress = 0.058 N/mm2

Permissible stress in concrete for direct tension = 1.600 N/mm2
Maximum tensile stress in bending = 0.428 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending tension = 1.750 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

0.058 + 0.428
= 0.28 <1
1.600 1.750
HENCE SAFE

For arch portion

Load Case : Dewatering Condition

Maximum
Permissibledirect compressive
stress in concrete stress
for direct compression = 1.001 N/mm2
= 6.000 N/mm2
Maximum compressive stress in bending = 1.431 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending compression
= 8.500 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

1.001 1.431
+ = 0.34 <1
6.000 8.500
HENCE SAFE

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 35 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Reinforcement Calculation for side wall portion for critical condition(Load case-Construction Condition)

Max Unfactored BM in sidewall 45.636 kN-m

Max Unfactored SF in sidewall 99 kN

Max Unfactored Axial force in sidewall 305.172 kN

Size of beam element 0.54 m

Axial Force(Unfactored) = 305.172

0.04X fckXAg = 300
Design the element as compression + Bending member member(refer IS 456:2000 , clause 32.3.2)

Grade of Concrete (fck) = M 25

Grade of Steel (if required) = Fe 500
Here, width of section (b) = 1000
Depth of the section (D) = 300
cover(d' ) = 75
dia of reinforcement = 12
Effective depth(d) = 219
d'/D = 0.25
Chart 38 of SP-16 for d'/D 0.20

Since the compression with bending chart present in SP-16 is limited to d'/D 0.2 , which is less than
0.25 , therefore the value of pt/fck has been slightly increased

Pu(Factored axial force) = 457.76

Unfactored Bending Moment 45.64
Design B.M. with FOS 1.5 = 68.45
Pu/fck bD = 0.061
Mu/fckbD2 = 0.030
pt/fck = 0.013
Percentage of steel required(pt) = 0.325
Percentage of steel required(pt) on one face = 0.16
Area of steel required(on both face) = 975

12 @ 200 has been provided on both faces of tunnel lining, which satisfies the minimum reinforcement requirement of
EM 1110-2-2901: Engineering and Design TUNNEL AND SHAFTS IN ROCK (0.28% of cross-sectional area ) and 10 @
200 has been provided for distribution reinforcement.

Dia of steel provided = 12.00

Spacing provided = 200.00
Area of steel provided = 565.20
Percentage of steel provided on one face = 0.19

Check for shear(Loading condition - Dewatering consition)

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 36 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Coefficient of shear strength β = 15.41

1.18 (refer clause 40.2.2 od IS 456:2000)

Shear strength of concrete τc = 0.38

Nominal shear stresses τv = 0.68
not ok,shear reinforcement will be provided

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JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

τv-τc = 0.30
Vus = 65.04
Vus/d = 2.970
No. of legs per unit width (400 mm spacing into the tunnel) = 3.00
See table 62 of SP-16 correeponding to10mm dia

for 3.00 legged bars spacing = = 200.00

Reinforcement Calculation for invert portion for critical condition (Load case-Deawatering condition)

Max Unfactored BM in invert 35.567 kN-m

Max Unfactored SF in invert 122 kN

Size of beam element 0.54 m

Grade of Concrete (fck) = M 25

Grade of Steel (if required) = Fe 500
Here, width of section (b) = 1000
Depth of the section (D) = 300
cover(d' ) = 75
dia of reinforcement = 12
Effective depth(d) = 219
Max Bending moment = 35.567
Bending moment at face of support = 19.2
Design B.M. at face of support with FOS 1.5 = 28.8
Area of steel required = 311.32
Dia of steel provided = 12.00
Spacing provided = 200.00
Area of steel provided on one face = 565.20
Percentage of steel provided on one face = 0.19

12 @ 200 has been provided on both faces of tunnel lining, which satisfies the minimum reinforcement requirement of
EM 1110-2-2901: Engineering and Design TUNNEL AND SHAFTS IN ROCK (0.28% of cross-sectional area ) and 10 @
200 has been provided for distribution reinforcement.

Crown top arch portion

Check for shear(Loading condition - Construction Condition)
Coefficient of shear strength β = 15.41

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 38 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Shear strength of concrete τc = 0.32

Unfactored SF from d distance from face 122

Nominal shear stresses τv = 0.84
not ok,shear reinforcement will be provided

τv-τc = 0.51
Vus = 112.45
Vus/d = 3.612
No. of legs per unit width (400 mm spacing into the tunnel) = 3.00
See table 62 of SP-16 corressponding to 10 mm dia

for 3.00 legged bars spacing = = 200.00

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 39 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 40 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

bending following

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 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

struction Condition)

all 45.636 kN-m

n sidewall 305.172 kN

kN
kN

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

kN
kN-m

%
%
mm2

orcement requirement of
ctional area ) and 10 @

mm
mm
mm2
%

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 42 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

N/mm2
N/mm2

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 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

N/mm2
kN
kN/cm

mm

atering condition)

35.567 kN-m

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
kNm
kNm
kN-m
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
%

orcement requirement of
ctional area ) and 10 @

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 44 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

N/mm2

kN
N/mm2
will be provided

N/mm2
kN
kN/cm

mm

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 45 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Design of reinforced concrete lining (RCC)

Feeder Tunnel (SC-III)
INPUT DATA

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) = 1706.75 m

Feeder Tunnel Invert El. = 1688.00 m

DESIGN LOAD

1. Self Weight of Lining

Self weight of lining modeled in Staad Pro.

2. Contact Grout Pressure = 200.00 kN/m2

3. Internal water pressure during initial filling condition

At tunnel invert = (1706.75-1688)*10

= 93.75 kN/m2
At side wall bottom = 93.75 kN/m2
At crown of tunnel = 68.75 kN/m2

4. Tunnel Dewatering Condition

At tunnel invert = (1706.75-1688)*10

= 93.75 kN/m2
At side wall bottom = 93.75 kN/m2
At crown of tunnel = 68.75 kN/m2

5. Rock Load

Rock Load on Tunnel = (0.35+1)/2 x (B + Ht)

= 6.82 m
Assuming 25 % of rock load transfer to the lining = 1.70 m
Unit Weight of Rock = 27 kN/m3
Rock Load pressure on the lining(acting on overt) = 46.02 kN/m2
Rock Load pressure on the lining(side walls) = 27.61 kN/m2

Load Combination

6. Construction Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 2

7. Initial Filling Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 3

8. Dewatering Condition : Load Case 1 + Load Case 4 + Load Case 5

SUPPORT SPRING STIFFNESS

Sping stiffness for unit length of tunnel lining is worked out based on EM-1110-2-2901

Radial Sping Stiffness, Kr = Er b Φ / (1+ µr)

Tangential sping stiffness, Kt = Kr / (G.Er)
= 0.5* Kr / (1+ µr)
where,

Modulus of Deformation of Rock = 4000.00 N/mm2

Width of element under consideration,b = 1000.00 mm
Length of outer member in STAAD model, l = 0.54 m
Centre line radius of crown portion ofTunnel, ro = 2.338 m
Angle subtended by the element in Radians (Φ = l/r) = 0.23 Radians
Poisson's ratio of Rock, µr = 0.20
Kr = 769888.8 kN/m

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 46 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Say 769888.0 kN/m

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JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

ANALYSIS

As per B-4 of IS 456:2000, for uncrack section a member subjected to combine axial load & bending following
equation shall be satisfied :

For arch portion

Load Case : Construction Condition

Maximum direct compressive stress = 0.791 N/mm2

Permissible stress in concrete for direct compression = 6.000 N/mm2
Maximum compressive stress in bending = 3.059 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending compression = 8.500 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

0.791 3.059
+ = 0.49 <1
6.000 8.500
HENCE SAFE

For arch portion

Load Case : Initial Filling Condition

Maximum direct tensile stress = 0.058 N/mm2

Permissible stress in concrete for direct tension = 1.600 N/mm2
Maximum tensile stress in bending = 0.428 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending tension = 1.750 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

0.058 + 0.428
= 0.28 <1
1.600 1.750
HENCE SAFE

For arch portion

Load Case : Dewatering Condition

Maximum
Permissibledirect compressive
stress in concrete stress
for direct compression = 1.001 N/mm2
= 6.000 N/mm2
Maximum compressive stress in bending = 1.431 N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete for bending compression
= 8.500 N/mm2

Check for adequacy of lining thickness

1.001 1.431
+ = 0.34 <1
6.000 8.500
HENCE SAFE

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 48 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Reinforcement Calculation for side wall (left side) portion for critical condition(Load case-Construction Con

Max Unfactored BM in sidewall 45.636 kN-m

Max Unfactored SF in sidewall 99 kN

Max Unfactored Axial force in sidewall

and crown 305.172 kN

Size of beam element 0.54 m

Axial Force(Unfactored) = 305.172

0.04X fckXAg = 300
Design the element as compression + Bending member member(refer IS 456:2000 , clause 32.3.2)

Grade of Concrete (fck) = M 25

Grade of Steel (if required) = Fe 500
Here, width of section (b) = 1000
Depth of the section (D) = 300
cover(d' ) = 75
dia of reinforcement = 12
Effective depth(d) = 219
d'/D = 0.25
Chart 38 of SP-16 for d'/D 0.20

Since the compression with bending chart present in SP-16 is limited to d'/D 0.2 , which is less than
0.25 , therefore the value of pt/fck has been slightly increased

Pu(Factored axial force) = 457.76

Unfactored Bending Moment 45.64
Design B.M. with FOS 1.5 = 68.45
Pu/fck bD = 0.061
Mu/fckbD2 = 0.030
pt/fck = 0.013
Percentage of steel required(pt) = 0.325
Percentage of steel required(pt) on one face = 0.16
Area of steel required(on both face) = 975

12 @ 200 has been provided on both faces of tunnel lining, which satisfies the minimum reinforcement requirement of
EM 1110-2-2901: Engineering and Design TUNNEL AND SHAFTS IN ROCK (0.28% of cross-sectional area ) and 10 @
200 has been provided for distribution reinforcement.

Dia of steel provided = 12.00

Spacing provided = 200.00
Area of steel provided = 565.20
Percentage of steel provided on one face = 0.19

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 49 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Check for shear(Loading condition - Construction condition)

Coefficient of shear strength β = 15.41

1.18 (refer clause 40.2.2 od IS 456:2000)

Unfactored SF = 99

Shear strength of concrete τc = 0.38

Nominal shear stresses τv = 0.68
not ok,shear reinforcement will be provided

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 50 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

τv-τc = 0.30
Vus = 65.04
Vus/d = 2.970
No. of legs per unit width (400 mm spacing into the tunnel) = 3.00
See table 62 of SP-16 correeponding to10mm dia

for 3.00 legged bars spacing = = 200.00

Reinforcement Calculation for side wall(right side ) portion for critical condition (Load case-Construction Co

Max Unfactored BM in side wall 33.62 kN-m

Size of beam element 0.54 m

Grade of Concrete (fck) = M 25

Grade of Steel (if required) = Fe 500
Here, width of section (b) = 1000
Depth of the section (D) = 300
cover(d' ) = 75
dia of reinforcement = 12
Effective depth(d) = 219
Max Bending moment = 33.62
Design B.M. with FOS 1.5 = 50.43
Area of steel required = 558.07
Dia of steel provided = 12.00
Spacing provided = 200.00
Area of steel provided on one face = 565.20
Percentage of steel provided on one face = 0.19

12 @ 200 has been provided on both faces of tunnel lining, which satisfies the minimum reinforcement requirement of
EM 1110-2-2901: Engineering and Design TUNNEL AND SHAFTS IN ROCK (0.28% of cross-sectional area ) and 10 @
200 has been provided for distribution reinforcement.

Check for shear(Loading condition - Dewatering Condition)

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 51 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Max Unfactored SF in side wall 99 kN

Coefficient of shear strength β = 15.41

Shear strength of concrete τc = 0.32

Unfactored SF 99
Nominal shear stresses τv = 0.68
not ok,shear reinforcement will be provided

τv-τc = 0.36
Vus = 77.95
Vus/d = 1.397
No. of legs per unit width (400 mm spacing into the tunnel) = 3.00
See table 62 of SP-16 corressponding to 10 mm dia

for 3.00 legged bars spacing = = 200.00

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 52 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 53 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

bending following

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 54 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

d case-Construction Condition)

all 45.636 kN-m

kN
kN

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

kN
kN-m

%
%
mm2

orcement requirement of
ctional area ) and 10 @

mm
mm
mm2
%

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 55 of 71

JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

kN

N/mm2
N/mm2

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 56 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

N/mm2
kN
kN/cm

mm

ad case-Construction Condition)

all 33.62 kN-m

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
kNm
kN-m
mm2
mm
mm
mm2
%

orcement requirement of
ctional area ) and 10 @

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 57 of 71

 JSW Energy (Kutehr) Limited
Kutehr Hydroelectric Project (240 MW)

all 99 kN

N/mm2

kN
N/mm2
will be provided

N/mm2
kN
kN/cm

mm

Report No. AFC.4529.04.301_R0 58 of 71

REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION (CLASS IV)

We have two equations of equilibrium :

i)Equlibrium of forces
ii)Equlibrium of moments

Moment of foces about steel gives:

or

From above equations:

Lining thickness = 300 mm

Moment in class IV
= 0.00 kN-m e 0.00 mm

Axial tensile force = 648.36 KN

d' = 75 mm

b = 1 m

d1 or d2 = 75 mm

As1 = 16 @ 150 1340.413 mm2

As2 = 1340.413 mm2

Grade of steel = 500 N/mm2

fst1 = 241.85 N/mm2 < 275 N/mm2

fst2 = 241.85 N/mm2 < 275 N/mm2

*Provide 16 mm dia @ 150 c/c circumferential reinforcement on each face

 DESIGN OF FEEDER TUNNEL CONCRETE LINING ( AS PER IS:4880, PART IV -1971 )
(S/W OF LINING + WEIGHT OF CONTAINED WATER & 25% ROCK LOAD)

INPUT DATA

Diameter of Tunnel
Thickness of Lining
Mean radius of Tunnel, R

Unit weight of Rock

Unit weight of Concrete
Unit weight of Water

Grade of Concrrete Lining

Young's Modulus of linning material,E
Moment of inertia of section of linning,I

Rock Load Calculation

As per Table -1 of Appendix B, IS 4880(Part IV)-1971

Rock Load on Tunnel

Assuming 25 % of rock load transfer to the lining

Unit Weight of Rock
Rock Load pressure on the lining

Determination of Lateral Rock Pressure

For circular lining the deflection is outward in a zone extending approximately from above the horizontal diameter to the inv
maximum value is near horizontal diameter. On the above consideration and neglecting the effect of vertical translations of
restraint may be assumed to have approximately a triangular distribution as shown in the below figure. The vertical transla
shifting of the point of maximum intensity slightly below the horizontal diameter and restriction of the upper limit to an angle
effect of vertical translation would be small and can be neglected. The passive pressure would, in fact, be also radial to the
that the deflections would be mostly in horizontal direction and vertical deflections would be small, it may be assumed to ac

Restricted outer deflection of either side of lining at horizontal diameter

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 60
(As per Note -2 of Cl. 7.4.6.1 of IS:4880 (Part -IV)-1971, at Bhakra Dam, rock deflection tests indicated yield of either face
1.25 mm under a stress of kg/cm. However, a total deflection of 3.8 mm was assumed in the design of lining though actual
was anticipated to be much less. Experiments on Garrison Dam tunnels, in clay shale of internal diameter 8.8 m and lining
deflection of either face of lining at horizontal diameter to range between 3 to 4 mm. In design of Ramganga Dam tunnels o
lining at horizontal diameter was assumed to be 3.8 mm.)

Let us assume, Lateral rock pressure of intensity at horizontal diameter

Horizontal Deflection

Deflection
Ø Uniform Vertical Contained
Conduit Weight Total Restricted
Load Water
(mm)

0.13090Wc t
0.04167 PR3/EI .06545 Wr2 R3/EI
90 R4/EI 7.27 4.0
4.59E+00 9.86E-01 1.70E+00

Maximum value of lateral passive resistance, K

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 61
Bending Moment

Ø Uniform Vertical Contained Lateral

Conduit Weight Total
Load Water Pressure
0.125PR 0.4406 WetR2 +0.2203 W r2 R -0.1434KR2
0 9.908
10.093 2.434 4.189 -6.808
zero -0.0334 WetR2 -0.0167 W r2 R -0.0084KR2
45 -0.532
0.000 0.185 -0.318 -0.399
-0.125PR -0.3927 WetR2 -0.1963 W r2 R 0.1653KR2
90 -8.147
-10.093 -2.169 -3.733 7.848
zero 0.0334 WetR2 +0.0167 W r2 R -0.0187KR2
135 -1.021
0.000 0.185 -0.318 -0.888
0.125PR 0.3448 WetR2 +0.1724 W r2 R -0.1295KR2
180 9.128
10.093 1.905 3.278 -6.148

Maximum Bending Moment, M = 9.908 tm

= 99.08 kNm
Section Modulus = 0.0150 m3
Bending Stress, s = 6605.38 kN/m2
= 6.605 N/mm2
Permissible stress in Concrete during bending = 8.5 N/mm2
(As per table 21 of IS 456 : 2000)
Hence O.K

Normal Thrust

Uniform Vertical Contained Lateral

Ø Conduit Weight Total
Load Water Pressure
zero +0.1667 Wc t R -1.4166 W r2 0.4754 KR
0 -1.244
0.000 0.332 -9.724 8.148
+.25 P +1.1332 Wc t R -0.7869 W r2 0.3058 KR
45 9.387
7.287 2.260 -5.402 5.241
+.5 P +1.5708 Wc t R -0.2146 W r2 zero
90 16.234
14.575 3.133 -1.473 0.000
+.25 P +0.4376 Wc t R -0.4277 W r2 0.2674 KR
135 9.807
7.287 0.873 -2.936 4.583
zero -0.1667 Wc t R -0.5834 W r2 0.3782 KR
180 2.145
0.000 -0.332 -4.005 6.482

Internal Hydrostatic head will cause hoop tension on the lining

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) = 1956.00 m

Feeder Tunnel Invert El. = 1935.00 m
Hoop Tension taken as 50% during initial filling (-ve) = 29.09 t (-ve)
0.7 f ck
Net Normal Thrust = -12.851 t
3
(-ve) Thrust means tension on the lining
Tensile Stress in the Lining = 428.35 kN/m2
= 0.43 N/mm2
Permissible Tensile Stress = 1.17 N/mm2

Hence O.K
Radial Shear

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 62
 Uniform Vertical Contained Lateral
Ø Conduit Weight Total
Load Water Pressure
0 zero zero zero zero
0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
45 -0.25 P -0.8976 Wc t R -0.4488 W r2 0.3058 KR
-6.917
-7.287 -1.790 -3.081 5.241
90 zero +.01667 Wc t R +0.0833 W r2 -0.246 KR
0.483
0.000 0.332 0.572 -0.422
135 +.25 P +0.6732 Wc t R +0.3366 W r2 -0.2674 KR
9.785
7.287 1.343 2.311 -1.155
180 zero zero zero zero
0.000
0.000 0.16 fck 0.000 0.000 0.000

Maxium Shear = 9.79 t

Shear Stress in the Lining = 326.18 kN/m2
= 0.33 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress = 0.80 N/mm2

Hence O.K

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 63
ER IS:4880, PART IV -1971 )
R & 25% ROCK LOAD)

= 5.24 m
= 0.30 m
= 2.77 m

= 2.77 t/m3
= 2.40 t/m3
= 1.00 t/m3

= M 25
= 2.50E+06 t/m2
= 0.002250 m4

= (0.35 to 1.1) x (B + Ht)

= 7.60 m
= 1.90 m
= 2.77 t/m3
= 29.15 t

e horizontal diameter to the invert as the invert move up. The

effect of vertical translations of the lining, the lateral rock
ow figure. The vertical translation of the lining would cause a
n of the upper limit to an angle slightly less than , but the
d, in fact, be also radial to the surface but in view of the fact
small, it may be assumed to act in horizontal direction.

= 4.0 mm

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 64
sts indicated yield of either face in poor shattered rock as
design of lining though actual bearing pressure on the rock
rnal diameter 8.8 m and lining thickness of 0.9 m indicated
n of Ramganga Dam tunnels outer deflection of either face of

= 1.0 t/m3

Lateral
Deflection for Inward
Pressure
Passive deflection due
Intensity to
Restraint of to lateral rock
restrict
Rock pr. of Intensity
deflection
(mm) 1 t/m2
(t/m2)

.05055KR4/EI
3.27 6.19
5.29E-01

= 6.19 t/m3

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 65
 DESIGN OF FEEDER TUNNEL CONCRETE LINING ( AS PER IS:4880, PART IV -1971 )
(DEWATERING CONDITION : S/W OF LINING + 25% ROCK LOAD + EXTERNAL WATER PRES

INPUT DATA

Diameter of Tunnel
Thickness of Lining
Mean radius of Tunnel, R

Unit weight of Rock

Unit weight of Concrete
Unit weight of Water

Grade of Concrrete Lining

Young's Modulus of linning material,E
Moment of inertia of section of linning,I

Rock Load Calculation

As per Table -1 of Appendix B, IS 4880(Part IV)-1971

Rock Load on Tunnel

Assuming 25 % of rock load transfer to the lining

Unit Weight of Rock
Rock Load pressure on the lining

Determination of Lateral Rock Pressure

For circular lining the deflection is outward in a zone extending approximately from above the horizontal diameter to the inv
maximum value is near horizontal diameter. On the above consideration and neglecting the effect of vertical translations of
restraint may be assumed to have approximately a triangular distribution as shown in the below figure. The vertical transla
shifting of the point of maximum intensity slightly below the horizontal diameter and restriction of the upper limit to an angle
effect of vertical translation would be small and can be neglected. The passive pressure would, in fact, be also radial to the
that the deflections would be mostly in horizontal direction and vertical deflections would be small, it may be assumed to ac

Restricted outer deflection of either side of lining at horizontal diameter

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 66
(As per Note -2 of Cl. 7.4.6.1 of IS:4880 (Part -IV)-1971, at Bhakra Dam, rock deflection tests indicated yield of either face
1.25 mm under a stress of kg/cm. However, a total deflection of 3.8 mm was assumed in the design of lining though actual
was anticipated to be much less. Experiments on Garrison Dam tunnels, in clay shale of internal diameter 8.8 m and lining
deflection of either face of lining at horizontal diameter to range between 3 to 4 mm. In design of Ramganga Dam tunnels o
lining at horizontal diameter was assumed to be 3.8 mm.)

Let us assume, Lateral rock pressure of intensity at horizontal diameter

Horizontal Deflection

Deflection
Deflection for Passive
Ø Uniform Vertical
Conduit Weight Total Restricted Restraint of
Load
(mm) Rock
(mm)

0.13090Wc t
0.04167 PR3/EI 5.58 4.0 1.58
90 R4/EI
4.59E+00 9.86E-01

Maximum value of lateral passive resistance, K =

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 67
Bending Moment

Ø Uniform Vertical Lateral

Conduit Weight Total
Load Pressure
0.125PR 0.4406 WetR2 -0.1434KR2
0 9.250
10.093 2.434 -3.277
zero -0.0334 WetR2 -0.0084KR2
45 -0.007
0.000 0.185 -0.192
-0.125PR -0.3927 WetR2 0.1653KR2
90 -8.484
-10.093 -2.169 3.778
zero 0.0334 WetR2 -0.0187KR2
135 -0.243
0.000 0.185 -0.427
0.125PR 0.3448 WetR2 -0.1295KR2
180 9.038
10.093 1.905 -2.960

Maximum Bending Moment, M = 9.250 tm

= 92.50 kNm
Section Modulus = 0.0150 m3
Bending Stress, s = 6166.38 kN/m2
= 6.166 N/mm2
Permissible stress in Concrete during bending = 8.5 N/mm2
(As per table 21 of IS 456 : 2000)
Hence O.K

Normal Thrust

Uniform Vertical Lateral

Ø Conduit Weight Total
Load Pressure
zero +0.1667 Wc t R 0.4754 KR
0 4.255
0.000 0.332 3.923
+.25 P +1.1332 Wc t R 0.3058 KR
45 12.071
7.287 2.260 2.523
+.5 P +1.5708 Wc t R zero
90 17.707
14.575 3.133 0.000
+.25 P +0.4376 Wc t R 0.2674 KR
135 10.366
7.287 0.873 2.206
zero -0.1667 Wc t R 0.3782 KR
180 2.788
0.000 -0.332 3.121

External Hydrostatic water head will cause hoop compression on the lining

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) = 1956.00 m

Feeder Tunnel Invert El. = 1935.00 m
Hoop Compression (+ve) = 58.17 t (+ve)

Net Normal Thrust = 75.877 t

(+ve) Thrust means compression on the lining
Compressive Stress in the Lining = 2529.25 kN/m2
= 2.53 N/mm2
Permissible Compr.Stress in direct compression = 6.00 N/mm2
(As per table 21 of IS 456 : 2000)
Hence O.K
Radial Shear

Uniform Vertical Lateral

Ø Conduit Weight Total
Load Pressure

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 68
 0 zero zero zero
0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000
45 -0.25 P -0.8976 Wc t R 0.3058 KR
-6.554
-7.287 -1.790 2.523
90 zero +.01667 Wc t R -0.246 KR
0.129
0.000 0.332 -0.203
135 +.25 P +0.6732 Wc t R -0.2674 KR
8.074
7.287 1.343 -0.556
180 zero zero zero
0.000
0.000 0.16 fck 0.000 0.000

Maxium Shear = 8.07 t

Shear Stress in the Lining = 269.13 kN/m2
= 0.27 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress = 0.80 N/mm2

Hence O.K

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 69
ER IS:4880, PART IV -1971 )
+ EXTERNAL WATER PRESSURE)

= 5.24 m
= 0.30 m
= 2.77 m

= 2.77 t/m3
= 2.40 t/m3
= 1.00 t/m3

= M 25
= 2.50E+06 t/m2
= 0.002250 m4

= (0.35 to 1.1) x (B + Ht)

= 7.60 m
= 1.90 m
= 2.77 t/m3
= 29.15 t

e horizontal diameter to the invert as the invert move up. The

effect of vertical translations of the lining, the lateral rock
ow figure. The vertical translation of the lining would cause a
n of the upper limit to an angle slightly less than , but the
d, in fact, be also radial to the surface but in view of the fact
small, it may be assumed to act in horizontal direction.

= 4.0 mm

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 70
sts indicated yield of either face in poor shattered rock as
design of lining though actual bearing pressure on the rock
rnal diameter 8.8 m and lining thickness of 0.9 m indicated
n of Ramganga Dam tunnels outer deflection of either face of

= 1.0 t/m3

Lateral
Inward
Pressure
deflection due
Intensity to
to lateral rock
restrict
pr. of Intensity
deflection
1 t/m2
(t/m2)

.05055KR4/EI
2.98
5.29E-01

2.98 t/m3

7061364 SKHEP | Design Memo on Concrete Lining of Feeder Tunnel | Rev. 2 | March 2016 71