BS June 2016 ( part 5 )

Question 1

a) Taktau 
b) Taktau 

Question 2

a) Explain natural n mechanical ventilation (7 marks)

- Ventilation is the process by which clean air is intentionally provided to a space and stale air is
removed.
- Natural ventilation is the process of supplying and removing air through an indoor space by
natural means
- There are two types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings which are wind driven
ventilation (wind effect) and stack ventilation (stack effect)
- Wind effect design in building to provides ventilations to occupants using the least amount of
resources. It depends on wind behavior, on the interactions with the building envelope and on
openings or other air exchange devices such as inlets or chimneys.
- Examples of wind effect ventilation system are wall, roof and window and door
- Stack ventilation is created by the difference in temperature between the air inside and air
outside building. The warmer, less dense air inside is displaced by the cooler dense air form
outside.
- Examples of stack effect ventilation system are temperature, size and placement of opening and
height of different opening.
- Mechanical ventilation is a forced ventilation by using machine.
- Example of mechanical ventilation are exhaust fan, air conditioner and others.
b) Taktau

Question 3

a) Process of storing, supply and delivering/transporting of natural gas (12 marks )

 b) Uses of natural gas in domestic and industrial usage (6MARKS)
- Natural gas is used in an amazing number of ways. Although it is widely seen as a cooking and
heating fuel in households, natural gas has many other energy and raw material uses.
- For industrial usage, it is used as raw material. The raw material is used to make fertilizer,
plastic, fabrics and others.
- For example, in the plastics industry, by adding a natural gas system to the manufacturing allows
industrial users to give high quality of the product.
- It is also used to manufacture a wide range of chemical such as ammonia, methanol, butane,
acid and others
- Next, Natural gas is used as a heat source in making glass, steel, cement, bricks, ceramic, tiles,
paper food products and the like.
- Many manufacturing processes require heat to melt, dry, bake or glaze a product.
- For domestic usage the natural gases it supplied through pipes to homes
- It is used for ovens, gas-heated clothes dryers, heating cooling, and central heating in europe

c) Sketch and annotate the natural gas supply installation

Question 4

Explain the operation of the system:

i) Paternoster (8marks)

- Is a passenger elevator which consists of a chain of open compartments (each usually designed
for two persons) that move slowly in a loop up and down inside a building without stopping.
Passengers can step on or off at any floor they like
- it never stops for passengers and features no doors or buttons in its compartments or on the
various floors it services.
- The lift do not even slow down to allow riders to enter or disembark.
- Usually the lift can fit two persons per car
- The compartments of a paternoster lift wrap around like a chain, with two side-by-side openings
on each level. Passengers step into and out of either the “up” or “down” side.
ii) Escalator (9marks)

- An escalator is a moving staircase endlessly circulating belt of steps driven by a motor

- Escalators typically rise at an angle of about 30 degrees from the ground
- It move like moving walkways and may traverse vertical distances

iii) Travelator ( 8marks)

- Also known as moving walkaway

- Is a slow moving mechanism that transport people across a horizontal or inclined plane over
short to medium distance
- They usually installed in which is one for each direction to keep opposite flows of people all
moving their designated direction.
Question 5

a) Discuss with aid of diagrams, the following types of air conditioning system (15 marks)

i. Room air conditioning unit

- Room air conditioning unit or window unit air conditioning is fitted in a slot made in the wall of
the room or often a window sill.
- The basic component of this unit are compressor, condenser, expansion valve or coil, evaporator
and cooling coil.
- The components are enclosed in a single box
ii. Fan coil unit

- Fan coil unit consists of a heat exchanger in which water is circulated and a fan assembly,
incorporating a filter and simple controls, designed for wall perimeter units or ceiling units
mounted within ceiling voids.

iii. Central plant system( gambo dalam slide)

- In the central air conditioning system there is a plant room where large compressor, condenser,
thermostatic expansion valve and the evaporator are kept in the large plant room
- They perform all the functions as usual similar to a typical refrigeration system
- However, have higher capacity
b) 5 component of air handling unit (AHU) (10 marks)
i. Housing
- The housing that contains all the other components of an AHU is usually make of metal, some
are painted to prevent corrosion
- In sections where the fans and the coil are located, 1-2 inches of polyurethane foam or PU is
used to insulate them to prevent the condensation on the panel.
ii. Fan
- fan is used to circulate the air to the various parts of the sections in the building
- The typical types of fan available are Backward Inclined, Backward Curved, Forward Curved and
Airfoil.
iii. Humidifiers
- Humidification is often necessary in colder climates where continuous heating will make the air
drier, resulting in uncomfortable air quality and increased static electricity.
iv. Filter
- It prevent the dust from entering the AHU.
- Depending upon the grade of filtration required, typically filters will be arranged in two (or
more) banks with a coarse-grade panel filter provided in front of a fine-grade bag filter, or other
'final' filtration medium.
- to provide clean dust-free air to the building occupants.
- Remove particles and contaminants of various sizes from the air
v. Cooling vane
- It is used for cooling the used air
- It also to dehumidify the air