CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

In our present generation many diseases are rising whether it is contagious or not.

Philippines is one of the countries that has many record of different diseases, these

diseases came from different bacterias and viruses. Even the smallest bacteria may grow

and cause harm to anyone. It may result to flu, fever, colds and other pathogens the

reason behind this is that the bacterias were able to enter the body of its host. One of the

main cause of this is lack of proper hygiene and cleanliness especially to the hands.

Hands play a big role in transmitting different viruses and bacteria because our hands

hold different things and without washing it. We Filipinos love to eat bare handed and

sometime we forget to wash before we eat noticing that it contains many bacterium and

viruses. Due to rapid transmission of bacterium, scientists had invented hand sanitizers

to kill bacterium, especially germs. These sanitizers will prevent the rapid transmission of

different diseases. According to GreenCross Philippines, hands play a big role on

spreading different diseases.

Now a days, hand sanitizers prevent the transmission of different diseases. It is

proven that clean hands prevent epidemia. As years goes by many companies had

produce their own versions of hand sanitizer. But unlike rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizers

are more expensive. Due to this the researchers have an urge to make a orange scented

hand sanitizer using ingredients that you can find in your house.
1.2 Conceptual Framework

PROCESS
OUTPUT
INPUT

1. SQUEEZED TO
AN ORANGE
1. ALOE VERA GET THE GEL
SCENTED HAND
FROM IT.
SANITIZER
2. GRATED TO
2. ORANGE PEEL OBTAIN THE
ORANGE
ESSENCE
3. GLYCERIN 3. COMBINED
WITH OTHER
INGREDIENTS
4. ETHYL 4. COMBINED
ALCOHOL WITH OTHER
INGREDIENTS
5. BLENDER 5. USE TO MIX
ALL THE
6. BEAKER INGREDIENTS
ALL
7. PP BOTTLE TOGETHER

1.3 Scientific Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the Efficiency of an orange scented hand

sanitizer. Specifically, it primarily focuses on these specific questions;

1. Do this hand sanitizer really effective on killing germs and viruses?

2. How many percent of germs does this hand sanitizer can kill?

3. Do this hand sanitizer is skin friendly?

1.4 Scope and Limitation

This research project is all about the making of an orange scented hand sanitizer

using ingredients that you can find on your house. The ingredients that will be used are

aloe vera, orange peel, glycerin, ethyl alcohol. While the materials are; blender, beaker

and pp bottle. The project was conducted on the 1 st until 3rd week of march 2019 on

Philippine Merchant Marine School Las Piħas City, school year 2018-2019.

1.5 Significance of the Study

This research project will be benefit to everyone, as it helps to reduce the rapid

spreading of bacterium and viruses. This hand sanitizer will expected to clean the hands

of anyone who will use it and leaving their hand fragrant and moisturized.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Related Literature

According to Kirby – Bauer (ND) the most common use to disinfect the hands is to

wash it with clean water. In the present study the effectiveness of hand sanitizers both

Alcohol / non-alcohol based are tested against the standard Staphylococcus aureus and

E.coli.

According to Turner et.al (2010) these studies evaluated the effectiveness of

ethanol hand sanitizers with or without organic acids to remove detectable rhinovirus from

the hands and prevent experimental rhinovirus infection. Ethanol hand sanitizers were

significantly more effective than hand washing with soap and water. The addition of

organic acids to the ethanol provided residual virucidal activity that persisted for at least

4 h. Whether these treatments will reduce rhinovirus infection in the natural setting

remains to be determined. Direct hand-to-hand transmission of virus appears to play an

important role in the spread of rhinovirus infections. The purpose of the studies described

in this article was to compare the immediate and residual effectiveness of different hand

treatments for removal of rhinovirus from the hands.

According to Dr. Yousuf Adam Ali (2015) washing of hand is utmost important

to reduce the microbial contamination in hospital, laboratories, toiletries and at home.

The strong religious belief irrespective of any religion is to wash your hand before any

intake of food. This old age belief was scientifically proven and now we have absolute

proof of contamination of food and food borne diseases caused due to unwashed
hands. Most of the hospital acquired infections are caused due to the unhygienic

condition of the hands of both the patient and the hospital staff. The common

opportunistic pathogens which cause hospital acquired infections are Staphylococcus

aureus, E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most common use to disinfect the

hands is to wash it with clean water. However the water used may not be safe all the

times and therefore the use of soap and detergents have been introduced in addition to

the water. Still in recent times the hand sanitizers have been introduced in the market

which claims to have great bactericidal activity and safe for use. The hand sanitizers

available in the market are both alcohol based and non-alcohol. The alcohol based hand

sanitizer claims to kills 99.99% microorganisms including the most resistant form. The

alcohol free hand sanitizer viz. povidone-iodine, benzalkonium chloride or triclosan have

persistent antimicrobial activity for a prolonged period and claim to be effective in killing

microorganism. In the present study the effectiveness of hand sanitizers both Alcohol

/ non-alcohol based are tested against the standard Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli.

According to Laina Shulman (2006) Anyone who has been in a child's play area

has witnessed it. As the children come off of the play equipment, the mothers reach into

their purse to grab their hand sanitizer. Each child gets a dab of sanitizer to rub into her

hands in order to eliminate the germs that have been transferred to her skin. The hope is

that this practice will keep the children, and therefore their families, healthier. Hand

sanitizers can now be found in the entrances to nursing homes and hospitals and in many

public washrooms. We all know the importance of proper hand-washing in reducing

harmful germ transmission. However, there are times when there is no access to soap

and water or not enough time to wash thoroughly. Hand sanitizers were developed for
use after washing hands or for those times when soap and water are not available. They

are gels that contain alcohol in order to kill the germs present on the skin. The alcohol

works immediately and effectively in order to kill bacteria and most viruses. Alcohol can

be very drying to the skin, so most brands of sanitizers also contain a moisturizer to

minimize skin dryness and irritation.