Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
(No. L-5. September 17, 1945)
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 1/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
_______________
114
115
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 3/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
116
117
118
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 6/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
FERIA, J.:
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 7/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 8/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
121
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 9/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
125
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 17/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 18/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
134
139
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 26/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
140
for the time being as in the past," and "all public officials
shall remain in their present posts and carry on "f aithfully
their duties as before." When the Philippine Executive
Commission was organized by Order No. 1 of the Japanese
Commander in Chief, on January 23, 1942, the Chairman
of the Executive Commission, by Executive Orders Nos. 1
and 4 of January 30 and February 5, respectively,
continued the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Courts of
First Instance, and justices of the peace courts, with the
same jurisdiction, in conformity with the instructions given
by the Commander in Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army
in Order No. 3 of February 20, 1942. And on October 14,
1943 when the so-called Republic of the Philippines was
inaugurated, the same courts were continued with no
substantial change in the organization and jurisdiction
thereof.
If the proceedings pending in the different courts of the
Islands prior to the Japanese military occupation had been
continued during the Japanese military administration, the
Philippine Executive Commission, and the so-called
Republic of the Philippines, it stands to reason that the
same courts, which have become reestablished and
conceived of as having been in continued existence upon the
reoccupation and liberation of the Philippines by virtue of
the principle of postliminy (Hall, International Law, 7th
ed., p. 516), may continue the proceedings in cases then
pending in said courts, without necessity of enacting a law
conferring jurisdiction upon them to continue said
proceedings. As Taylor graphically points out in speaking
of said principle "a state or other governmental entity,
upon the removal of a foreign military force, resumes its
old place with its right and duties substantially unimpaired
* * *. Such political resurrection is the result of a law
analogous to that which enables elastic bodies to regain
their original shape upon the removal of the external force,
—and subject to the same exception in case of absolute
crushing of the whole fibre and content." (Taylor,
International Public Law, p. 615.)
141
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 27/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 32/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 33/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 36/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
151
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 37/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 38/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
nearest and most familiar things, like the man who went
around his house to look for a pencil perched on one of his
ears.
"GENERAL HEADQUARTERS
"SOUTHWEST PACIFIC AREA
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 40/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
"PROCLAMATION
156
157
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 42/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
158
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 43/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
159
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 44/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
160
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 46/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
161
162
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 48/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
163
279; Bouv. Law Dict." (34 Words and Phrases, permanent edition,
1940 edition, p. 149.)
" 'Judicial process' includes the mandate of a court to its
officers, and a means whereby courts compel the appearance of
parties, or compliance with its commands, and includes a
summons. Ex parte Hill, 51 So., 786, 787; 165 Ala., 365.
" 'Judicial process' comprehends all the acts of the court from
the beginning of the proceeding to its end, and in a narrower
sense is the means of compelling a defendant to appear in court
after suing out the original writ in civil cases and after the
indictment in criminal cases, and in every sense is the act of the
court and includes any means of acquiring jurisdiction and
includes attachment, garnishment, or execution, and also a writ.
Blair vs. Maxbass Security Bank of Maxbass, 176 N. W., 98, 100;
44 N. D. 12." (23 Words and Phrases, permanent edition, 1940
edition, p. 328.) ,
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 49/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 51/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 54/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 55/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
171
INTERNATIONAL LAW
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 57/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
"Le droit des gens, en effet, n'est point une science fixe est
immuable: bien au contraire, il se developpe sans cesse, il change
eternellement de formes; tour a tour il avance et il recule, selon
less vicissitudes de Thistoire et suivan un rhythme monotone qui
est comme le flux et le reflux d'un mer." (M. Revon, De l'existence
du droit international sous la republique romain.)
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 59/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 61/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 64/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 72/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 74/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
191
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 76/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 77/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
193
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 79/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
195
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 80/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
CONCLUSION
197
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 81/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 82/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 83/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 84/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
201
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 85/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
The proceedings in said civil case No. 3012 are null and
void under General of the Army MacArthur's proclamation
of October 23, 1944 (41 Off. Gaz., 147, 148).
In this proclamation, after reciting certain now historic
facts, acts, among which was that the so-called government
styled as the "Republic of the Philippines" was established
on October 14, 1943 "under enemy duress, * * * based upon
neither the free expression of the people's will nor the
sanction of the Government of the United States," the great
Commander-in-Chief proclaimed and declared:
202
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 87/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
204
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 88/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
ton vs. Smith, and makes it clear that the doctrine in the
Thorington case, so far as the effects of the acts of the
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 89/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
206
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 90/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 91/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
208
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 92/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
210
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 94/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
"No case has been cited in argument, and we think none can be
found, in which the Acts of a portion of a State unsuccessfully
attempting to establish a separate revolutionary government have
been sustained as a matter of legal right. As justly observed by
the late Chief Justice in the case of Shortridge vs. Macon, 1 Abb.
U. S., 58, decided at the circuit, and, in all material respects like
the one at bar, 'Those who engage in rebellion must consider the
consequences. If they succeed, rebellion becomes revolution, and
the new government will justify its founders. If they fail, all their
acts hostile to the rightful government are violations of law, and
originate no rights which can be recognized by the courts of the
nation whose authority and existence have been alike assailed.' S.
C., Chase, Dec., 136." ' (Williams vs. Bruffy, 96 U. S., 176; 24 Law.
ed., 716, 718.) (Italics ours.)
211
II
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 96/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
213
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 97/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
"* * * we had not the slightest intentions to make your people our
enemy; rather we considered them as our friends who will join us
hand-in-hand in the establishment of an orderly Greater East
Asia * * *." (Official Gazette, edited at the Office of the Executive
Commission, Vol. I, p. 55.)
214
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 98/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
old and honored rule dating as far back as the 18th century
that even solemn promises of assistance made before the
war by a neutral to a nation which later becomes a
belligerent, would not change the status of the neutral even
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 99/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
216
"The time has come when the world should know that when our
forces surrendered in Bataan and Corregidor, resistance to the
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 100/109
7/2/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 075
217
III
IV
221
this may be true, but other facts are just as stubborn and pitiless.
One of them is that said courts were of a government alien to the
Commonwealth Government. The laws they enforced were, true
enough, laws of the Commonwealth prior to Japanese occupation,
but they had become the laws—and the Courts had become the
institutions—of Japan by adoption (U. S. vs. Reiter, 27 F. Case
No. 16, 146), as they became later on the laws and institutions of
the Philippine Executive Commission and the Republic of the
Philippines. No amount of argument or legal fiction can obliterate
this fact."
223
central.com.ph/sfsreader/session/0000016bafedbe8bc75fe7aa003600fb002c009e/p/ASB907/?username=Guest 109/109