1.

A particle is projected from a point O on horizontal ground with speed v at an

2d v 2  u 2 sin 2 T
angle of elevation T . (i) Show that T .
(v 2  u 2 ) sin T
(a) (i) Show that, in a suitably-chosen Cartesian coordinate system Oxy with
origin at O, the equation of the trajectory of the particle is (ii) Hence determine the value of T for T to have the least value. Find the
gx 2 least value of T.
y x tan T  2 sec 2 T .
2v
(ii) Determine the horizontal range of the particle in terms of v, T and g. 4. (a) Two parallel forces S1 and S 2 act on a rigid body at two points P and Q
(b) A vertical wall perpendicular to the plane in which the trajectory of the respectively. Suppose S1 k1u and S 2 k 2 u , where k1 , k 2 are positive
particle lies stands at a distance d from O. (See Figure 1.) constants and u is a given vector. If O is any reference point, show that the line
(i) Show that the particle cannot reach the wall if v 2  gd . of action of S1  S 2 passes through a point D where

(ii) Suppose v 2 gd . In order that the particle will never cross the wall, k1 OP  k 2 OQ
OD .
k1  k 2
15d
show that the height of the wall must be greater than .
8
(b) Three forces F1 2i  5 j  3k ,

2. A smooth sphere A of mass 2m, moving with speed 2u , collides with a

F2 i  2 j  4k ,
stationary smooth sphere B of mass m, the coefficient of restitution being e. Just
before the impact, the path of A makes an angle of 45q with the line of centres.
and F3 6i  6 j  14k
Let the components of velocities A and B along and perpendicular to the line of
centres after the impact be u1 , v1 and u 2 , v 2 respectively. (See Figure 2.) act on a rigid body at points A(-1, -9, -5), B(-1, 0, -10) and C(1, -1, 2)
(a) Find u1 , v1 , u 2 and v 2 in terms of e and u. respectively.
1 (i) Show that the lines of action of F1 and F2 intersect and find the
(b) Suppose of the original kinetic energy of A is transferred to B during the
4 coordinates of the point of intersection.
impact.
(ii) Show that F1  F2 is parallel to F3 .
1
(i) Show that e .
2
Hence show that the line of action of F1  F2  F3 passes through the
(ii) Find the angle of deflection of A.
2
point (1, -2, ).
3. A river of width d flows from south to north with constant speed u. A boat starts 3
from pier A on the west bank at a point B. The speed of the boat in still water is v, (iii) To keep the rigid body in equilibrium, a force R is applied at C
where v > u. Let the bearing of B from A is T . together with a couple M. Determine R and M.
(a) Suppose that boat’s velocity relative to the water makes an angle D with AB.
(See Figure 3.) 5. A particle P of mass 2m resting on a smooth horizontal table is connected by a
u light elastic string of natural length l and modulus of elasticity mg
Show that sin D sin T .
v mg
(i.e. tension u extension) to a fixed point O on the table. Another particle Q
(b) On reaching the east bank, the boat immediately changes its direction and l
travels back to A along the same path (i.e. along BA). Let T be the total time of of mass m is connected to P by a light inextensible string which passes over a
travel from A to the east bank and back to A. small smooth pulley at the edge of the table so that all strings lie in a vertical
 plane and Q hangs freely. (See Figure 4.) At time t = 0, P is at a distance l from O the rings is on the point of slipping.
and the system is released from rest. Let x be the extension of the string OP and (i) determine which ring is on the point of slipping, and
assume that P remains moving on the table throughout the motion. (ii) hence find the value of m1 .
(a) Set up the equations of motion for P and Q.
g 8. A smooth cylinder of radius a is fixed with its axis horizontal. A light inextensible
(b) Show that x 2l sin 2 ( t).
12l string of length Sa rests on the cylinder in a plane perpendicular to the axis of
(c) Suppose that when P reaches the point F farthest from O, the string connecting the cylinder. Two particles of P and Q of masses m and M respectively are
P and Q suddenly breaks. Find the time taken for P to move from F to O. attached to the ends of the string, where M > m. (See Figure 7.) The particles are
initially held at the same level and then released at time t = 0.
6. A thin uniform rod AB is of length 2a and mass m. A small ring of mass m is S
(a) If T is the angular displacement of P at time t, where T d , show that the
2a 2
threaded onto the rod at a distance from the end B. Initially a portion AC of
3 normal reaction acting on P is
2a Mmg 3m
the rod, where AC , is kept in contact with a rough horizontal table. (See [(  1) sin T  2T ] ,
3 M m M
Figure 5.) The rod is then released from rest. The coefficient of friction between assuming that P remains in contact with the cylinder.
the rod and the table and that between the ring and the rod are equal. (b) Show that if P will not leave the cylinder immediately when the particles are
(a) Find the moment of inertia of the rod about C. You may use the fact that the m 1
released, then ! .
1 M 3
moment of inertia of the rod about its centre of mass is ma 2 .
3 m 1
(c) Suppose . Using Newton’s method with an initial guess of 1 radian,
(b) When the rod has rotated through an acute angle T , assuming that there is no M 2
slipping anywhere, find, correct to 2 decimal places, the angular displacement of P before P
9 leaves the cylinder.
(i) show that aT 2
g sin T ,
4
(ii) show that the frictional force and normal reaction acting on the ring are 9. Consider a uniform solid hemisphere of mass M and radius a. Let G be its centre
5 1 3a
mg sin T and mg cosT respectively, of mass, which is at a distance from the base.
2 4 8
(iii) find the frictional force and normal reaction acting on the rod at C. (a) Show that the moment of inertia of the hemisphere about an axis passing
(c) Show that the ring will slide on the rod before the rod slides over the edge of 83
through G and parallel to the base is Ma 2 . You may use the fact that the
the table. 320
moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc of radius r about a diameter is
7. ABCD is a light inextensible string such that AB = 1.5 m, BC = 1.0 m and r2
equal to (Mass of disc u ).
CD 1.3 m . The ends A and D are each fixed to a small ring of mass 0.1 kg, 4
which can slide on a rough horizontal rail. Two particles of masses (b) The hemisphere is initially held standing on a smooth horizontal table with its
m1 kg and m2 kg are attached to the string at B and C respectively. The system base vertical and is then released from rest. (See Figure 8.) Let Z be the
rests in equilibrium with BC horizontal and the particles at a distance 1.2 m below angular velocity of the hemisphere when it has rotated through an angle T ,
AD. S
where T d .
(a) Show that 9m1 5m2 . 2
(b) If the coefficient of friction between each ring and the rail is 0.15 and one of (i) Explain briefly why G moves vertically downwards. Hence find the
 downward displacement of G in terms of a and T . 1. In an experiment, the populations of insects in two neighbouring nests A and B are
240 g sin T under study. The two nests are isolated from the outside world but insects are free
(ii) Show that Z 2 .
(45 cos 2 T  83)a to migrate from one nest to the other. The birth, death and migration rates of
insects in the two nests are tabulated below:

Birth rate Death rate Migration rate

Nest per day per day per day
A 4% 1% 4%
B 5% 2% 1%

Initially, A has 5000 insects and B has 2000. Let x and y be the populations of
insects in A and B respectively after t years, and assume that they may be treated
as continuous variables.
(a) Set up two simultaneous differential equations for x and y.
d2x dx
(b) Show that 5000  50  3 x 0.
dt 2 dt
Hence find x and y in terms of t.
(c) Find the limit of the ratio x : y as t becomes very large.

e dx
2. (a) Consider the integral I ³
1 x
.

(i) Find the exact value of I.

(ii) By applying Simpson’s rule with 2 subintervals, find an approximation
to I. Express your answers in terms of e.
(iii) Using the results of (i) and (ii), show that e is an approximate root of
the equation
E : x 3  3x 2  15 x  1 0 .
(b) Let D be a positive root of equation E in (a)(iii).
(i) Show that D is unique and lies in the interval (2.6, 2.8).
(ii) Using the secant method, with x0 2.6 and x1 2.8 as the starting
values, determine D correct to four decimal places.

3. Let f ( x) e x and m, n be integers such that x  m  n . Denote by Rn the

remainder in Taylor’s expansion of f(x) about 0 up to n terms, namely,

xn
Rn f ( n ) ([ )
,
n!
where [ lies between 0 and x.
(a) Show that
 m nm 1 1
x §x· (i) Show that Pk Pk 1  , where 2 d k d n .
Rn  e
x
¨ ¸ . 6 2
m! ¨© m ¸¹
(ii) Express Pk in terms of P1 and k.
Hence show that 3
Hence, or otherwise, show that Pk for k = 1, 2, …, n.
5
lim Rn 0.
nof
(b) Find the probability that all the bags still contain 3 white and 2 black balls
(b) Express e x as an infinite Taylor’s series. after the game is finished.
(c) Using the result of (b), show that e d 3 . (c) If the ball drawn from B1 is white, find the probability that the ball drawn
[Hint: You may use the fact that 2 k 1 d k! for any positive integer k.] from Bn is also white.
(d) Using the result of (c), find the least number of terms required in applying
Taylor’s expansion to evaluate e so that the error will be less than 10 6 in 6. The mean P and variance V 2 of a finite population
magnitude. A {x1 , x 2 , ..., x n }
are defined as follows:
N N
4. (a) A plays B in the final of a table-tennis tournment. The match consists of five 1 1
games. Whoever wins three games first becomes the champion. In each game,
P
N
¦x
i 1
i and V 2
N
¦ (x
i 1
i  P)2 .

the probability that A wins is 0.3 and the probability that B wins is 0.7.
Samples of size 2, {xi , x j } , are randomly drawn from A with replacement so that
(i) Find the probability that A becomes the champion.
(ii) Given that A becomes the champion, what is the probability that B has
i = j is allowed. The mean x ij of the sample {xi , x j } is defined as
won two games?
(iii) The rules of the match are now amended as follows: 1
x ij ( xi  x j ) . These sample means then form a set
Whoever wins three games before the other wins two becomes the champion. 2
If both win two games, they continue to play and the one who first wins two S {i 1, 2, ..., N ; j 1, 2, ..., N } .
N N N
more games than the other becomes the champion.
Find the answers to (i) and (ii) under this rule.
(a) Show that ¦¦ ( x
i 1 j 1
i  xj) 2 N ¦ xi .
i 1

(b) A and B answer the same multiple-choice question paper independently. The (b) Show that
paper has 20 questions, each containing five suggested answers, of which only (i) the mean of all the elements of S is P .
one is correct. A knows the correct answers for 16 questions and B knows 18. 1 2
(ii) the variance of all the elements of S is V .
They both answer the remaining questions by sheer guesswork. What is the 2
probability that A answers more questions correctly than B in the whole paper? (c) Suppose A {xi i : i 1, 2, ..., 10} .
Find the mean and variance of all the elements of S.
5. Consider n bags B1 , B2 , ..., Bn , each containing 3 white and 2 black balls. In a (d) Suppose A {xi 3i  4 : i 1, 2, ..., 10} .
game, a ball is randomly drawn front the first bag B1 and put into B2 . A ball is Using (c), find the mean and variance of all the elements of S.
then randomly drawn from B2 and put into B3 . This process is continued in the
same manner until a ball is randomly drawn from Bn 1 and put into Bn . Lastly, a 7. Wooden rectangular blocks are produced by a machine. The length and width of
ball is randomly drawn from Bn and put into B1 . the blocks are normally distributed and their means and standard deviations are
(a) Let Pk be the probability that the ball drawn from the bag Bk is white, shown below:
where 1 d k d n . Mean Standard deviation
Length of block 30 cm 0.5 cm
Width of block 10 cm 0.2 cm
 The two distributions are independent of each other. probability that a random sample of size 25 will have a mean greater than 460
(a) Calculate the probability for each of the following cases: dollars?
(i) The length of a randomly selected block lies within 29.35 cm and
30.75cm. 9. A factory used to purchase battieries from Mr Wong. The life of the batteries is
(ii) The width of a randomly selected block lies within 9.48 cm and 10.42 known to follow a normal distribution with mean 1000 hours and standard
cm. deviation 100 hours. Mr Lee claims that he can supply the same kind of battery
(b) A block will only be accepted if both if length and width lie within the limits with a longer mean life and the same standard deviation. They factory manager
in (a). carries out a statistician test to decide whether Mr Lee’s claim of longer mean life
(i) Using normal approximation to binomial probability, calculate the can be accepted. He inspects a random sample of 15 batteries supplied by Mr Lee.
probability that out of 1000 blocks, at least 800 will be accepted. (a) Set up the null and alternative hypotheses for the manager.
(ii) To increase the probability of obtaining acceptable blocks, the machine (b) The manager limits D , the probability of committing a Type I error, to 0.05,
is reset to change the mean length and mean width of the blocks and decides to reject the null hypothesis whenever the sample mean is greater
produced. Their standard deviations, however, remain unchanged. than C hours. Determine C.
Using the symmetric property of the normal distribution, find the (c) Suppose that true mean life of the batteries supplied by Mr Lee is 1050 hours.
optimal values of the mean length and mean width in order to (i) If the manager applies the same decision rule as in (b), find E , the
maximize the probability of obtaining acceptable blocks. probability of committing a Type II error.
Find this maximum probability. (ii) In order to make D 0.05 and E d 0.05 for the above test, find the
minimum sample size required.
8. A statistician conducts a survey to study the income of carpenters in a city. He [Hint: D = Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
randomly selects 10 carpenters. Their daily wages (in dollars) are recorded as E = Probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false.]
follows:
475 480
565 425
495 505
410 520
500 480

Assume that the daily wage follows a normal distribution with an unknown mean
P dollars and known standard deviation V dollars. It is given that the width of
the 95% confidence interval for P is 56.
(a) Calculate the sample mean.
(b) Find V .
(c) In order to narrow down the 95% confidence interval for P , the statistician
takes another random sample of size 20. The mean of this sample is found to
be 460 dollars. Using the combined information of the two samples,
(i) find the 95% confidence interval for P ,
(ii) test, at 5% significance level, whether P is greater than 450.
(d) According to government statistics, P equals 470. If this is true, what is the