Life of Holy Prophet (PBUH)

Before Prophethood
 Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Makkah, Arabia, on Monday, 12 or 9 Rabi Al-Awal
(20th April A.D. 571).
 He belongs to Quraish tribe and Banu Hashim Family.
 His mother name is Aminah, daughter of Wahb Ibn Abdu Manaf of the Zahrah family. His
maternal grandmother’s (mother’s mother) name was Barrah.
 His father name is Abdullah, son of Abdul Muttalib, bin Hashim bin Abd-e-Manaaf of Quraish
family. His paternal grandmother’s (father’s mother) name was Fatima.
 Muhammad’s father died before his birth.
 Prophet Muhammad first breastfed by his mother, then by Thuwaibah, the freed slave of his
uncle, Abu Lahab and then by Haleemah Sa’diyah.
 The people of Makkah sent their children to the country-side. Prophet Muhammad PBUH was
also sent to the country-side. A lady by the name of Haleemah took him into her care, who
belongs to Banu Saad tribe. Prophet Muhammad PBUH stayed with Haleemah for four years.
(A.D. 575)
 During stay at Haleemah’s home the famous incident of the splitting of Prophet Muhammad’s
chest took place.
 Prophet Muhammad PBUH stayed with his mother only for two years. His mother died at Abwa
when he was six years old. (A.D. 577)
 His grandfather Abdul Muttalib took him in his care. Two years later, his grandfather was passed
away, when Prophet Muhammad PBUH was at age of eight. (A.D. 579)
 Muhammad PBUH accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on a mercantile journey to Syria when he
was twelve years old. Christian monk Buhaira met Muhammad PBUH at Busra during this
journey. He looked at Muhammad PBUH and told Abu Talib that he is indeed the final Prophet
(A.D. 583) .
 When Muhammad PBUH was twenty-five years old, he traveled once more to Syria to carry the
business of Khadijah, with her slave Maysarah. During this journey, they met another christian
monk by the name of Nastoorah. He also bore testimony to his prophethood (A.D. 596).
 Khadijah wished to marry with Prophet Muhammad PBUH due to his honesty and truthfulness.
When they married, Prophet Muhammad PBUH was twenty-five years old and sayidah Khadijah
 was forty years old (A.D. 596). This marriage lasted for 25 years and 2 months. Prophet
Muhammad PBUH did not marry any other woman during her lifetime. From sayidah Khadijah,
Prophet had 4 daughters and 2 sons.
 Names of Prophet Muhammad’s children were: (1) Sayyidah Zaynub (2) Sayyidah Umm-e-
Kulthoom (3) Sayyidah Ruqayya (4) Sayyidah Fatima (5) Sayyed Qasim (6) Sayyed Tahir.
Prophet Muhammad another son by the name of Ibrahim, who was born from Mariya Qibtiyya.
 At the age of thirty: At the instigation of the faithful Muhammad PBUH, an old league called the
Federation of Fudul. (A.D. 601)
 Muhammad PBUH settled by his judgment a grave dispute in rebuilding the Sacred House of the
Ka’ba, when he was thirty-five years old. (A.D. 606)
After Prophethood
 Allah had chosen him as Prophet when He was in the cave of Hira in the month of Ramadhaan.
Jibrael recited verses from Iqra (Surah Alaq). Prophet Muhammad PBUH was forty years old
when this happened. (A.D. 611)
 Waraqa bin Naufal, cousin of Khadijah, who was learned in the Christian and Jewish books,
confirmed that Muhammad PBUH is the Prophet of Allah.
 Sayida Khadijah was the first person (woman) to accept Islam, Hadhrat Abu Bakr was the first
person (Male) to accept Islam, Hadhrat Ali Ibn Talib was the first person (child) to accept Islam,
Hadhrat Zaid bin Haarithah was the first person (freed Slave) to accept Islam.
 Following persons accepted Islam due to hidden preaching of Prophet Muhammad PBUH:
Hadhrat Uthmaan, Hadhrat Talha, Hadhrat Zubair, Hadhrat Abdur Rahman, Hadhrat Bilal,
Hadhrat Yaasir, Hadhrat Sumayyah, Hadhrat Ammaar, Hadhrat Abdullah Bin Mas’ood and
Hadhrat Arqam. This hidden preaching lasts for three years. (A.D. 611-614)
 After three years, Prophet Muhammad PBUH climbed mount Safa and called Quraish and
invited his family to Islam.
 Prophet permitted his companions to migrate to Habsha (Ethiopia). On 5th Rajab in the fifth year
after Nubuwwat about 15 or 16 companions migrated Ethiopia. They were 11 men and 4 or 5
women. It was first migration to Ethiopia. 83 men and 18 women went to Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
by the permission of Prophet Muhammad PBUH after the 7th year of Nubuwwat. This was the
second Hijrah (Migration) in Islam. The king of Abyssinia was called Negus (Najashi).
 Kuffaar boycotted the Muslims and exiled them to a small section of Makkah called as Sa’ab
Abhi Talib. Nobody was allowed to sell food them or help them in anyway. For three years
muslims lived and suffered in that place. It was happened after 7th year of Nubuwwat.
 After three years of hardship, muslims were allowed to leave that section. This cruel boycott had
a bad effect on the health of Hadhrat Khadijah and Abu Talib. Both passed away shortly after the
boycott.
 Prophet Muhammad PBUH went to Ta’if in 10th year of Nubuwwat. He was accompanied by
Zaid bin Haarithah. The people of Ta’if refused to accept Islam. Stones thrown at him and he
was chased out of the town. Bleeding and tired, he took shelter in the garden of Utbah bin
Rabi’ah.
 The journey of Mi’raaj took place after the 11th year of Nubuwwat. Prophet Muhammad PBUH
was taken from Makkah to Masjid-e-Aqsa in Jerusalem on the Burraaq. From Jesusalem, he went
to seven heavens. He met all the previous Prophets and Allah gave him five daily Prayers
(Salaah). This journey was took place in just one night.
 A group of 6 people from Madinah tribe Khazraj (then called Yathrib) met Prophet Muhammad
PBUH secretly in a place called A’qabah. They accepted Islam.
 Following year they brought a bigger group of 12 persons to accept Islam. There were 10 from
Khazraj and 2 from Ows. They invited Prophet Muhammad PBUH to live in Madinah. This
pledge is known as Bay’t-ul-‘Aqabah Al-Ula.
 Next year 70 men and 2 women came in Makkha on Hajj and accepted Islam by preaching
of Sayidina Mus’ab bin ‘Umair who was sent to Madinah on request of people of Madinah to
teach Qur’an and matters. This pledge is known as Bay’t-ul-Aqabah Ath-Thaaniyah.
 The muslims of Makkah were given permission to leave and settle in Madinah.
 13th year after Nubuwwat, Prophet Muhammad PBUH left Makkah and migrated to Madinah
with Sayidina Abu Bakr. They went to the cave of Thaur. They stayed in the cave for 3 days.
Sayidina Abu Bakr’s son used to inform them of what was happening in Makkah at night and his
daughter would send food for them.
 After 3 days staying in the cave both persons left for Madinah on Camels brought by Abu Bakr’s
slave Aamir bin Fuhairah on 4th Rabi-ul-Awwal.
 This event, of leaving Makkah and going to Madinah, is known as the Hijrah.
 On the journey to madinah, Prophet Muhammad PBUH stayed in Quba for 14 days. Quba was
outskirts of madinah. He built the first Masjid of Islam in the history.
 Prophet Muhammad PBUH left for madinah on Friday, in the month of Rabi-ul-Awal. Prophet
Muhammad PBUH performed Jumuah prayer in the area of Banu Saalim. The camel of Prophet
Muhammad’s PBUH continued walking and finally sat in front of the house of Sayidina Abu
Ayyoob Ansari.
 The place where the camel of Prophet Muhammad PBUH sat was purchased and a Masjid was
built on that spot which is called Masjid-e-Nabwi.
 Prophet Muhammad PBUH enters into a treaty with Jews of madinah which was broken by Banu
Qaynuqaa, Banu Nadheer, & Banur Quraizah in 2nd year, 4th year and in 5th year repectively.
 Adhan was started for calling the people to assemble at the time of Salaah by rejecting the
methods of Jews and Christians.
Life of Holy Prophet in Madinha
2 Hijrih:
 In 2 Hijrih the command was given to face the Ka’bah (Masjid-e-Haram, Makkah),
instead of facing Baitul Maqsad during Prayer (Salaah).
 Sariyyah or Expedition of Abdullah bin Jahsh and the first booty in Islam took place in
the same year 2 Hijrih.
 The most significant battle of Badar fought in the same year on the 17th Ramadhaan, 2
Hijrih. Muslims were 313 while Non-muslims Quraish were 1000. Abu Jahal was killed
in this battle by Mu’aaz and Mu’awwiz two ansaari youngsters. 70 of the disbelievers
were killed and 70 were taken captive. Only 14 Sahabaah were martyred. 6 were from
muhajireen and 8 from ansaar.
 Prophet’s daughter Sayyidah Ruqayya passed away.
 Eid Salaah was performed for the first time.
 The command of Fasting in Ramadhan and Zakah was given in this year.
 Sadqa-tul-Fitr, the Salaah of Eid-ul-Adha and Qurbani were all make wajib in this year.
 In Zul-Hijjah Sayyidah Fatima was married to Sayyad Ali.
3 Hijrih:
 The battle of Uhud took place on 7th Shawaal 3 Hijrih. The army of disbelievers was
three thousand while Muslims were thousand and Adbullah bin Ubayy and three hundred
 of his followers deserted the Muslims and returned to Madinah. The muslim army was
left with only seven hundred soldiers. Twenty two or twenty three disbelievers were
killed and seventy Muslims martyred in this battle.
 Prophet married Sayyidah Hafsah and Sayyidah Zaynub.
 Wine was made Haraam
 Sayyidina Hasan was born
 The battle of Ghatafaan took place in Rabi-ul-Awwal. Du’thoor bin Haarith Muhaaribi
marched with an army of four hundred and fifty soldiers to attack Madinah. Prophet and
his companions came out of Madinah to confront him but they fled out of fear for the
muslims and hid in the mountains tops.
4 Hijrih:
 Incident of Bir-e-Ma’oonah happened in which a group of Prophet’s companions were
martyred by the tribes of A’amir, Ri’l, Zakwaan and U’sayya. Planned by Abu Bara
A’mir misled Prophet into believing that if a group of companions was sent to Najd to
preach Islam. Prophet Muhammad PBUH sent a group of companiions to Najd in the
month of Safar 4 Hijrih. This group of companions consisted of many Ulama and Quraa.
 The birth of Sayyidina Hussain
 Prophet married Sayyidah Umme Salmah
 Prophet instructed Sayyidina Zaid bin Thabit to learn the Jewish language (Hebrew)
5Hijrih:
 Battle of Khandaq (trench) or Battle of Ahzaab (groups) took place in Zil-Qa`dah 5 A.H.
All the groups (Quraish of Makkah, the Jews and Munafiqeen (Hypocrites)) gathered
their forces and decided to attack Madinah. An army of ten thousand fierce warriors,
which later doubled, marched towards Madinah to destroy the Muslims.
 Sayyidina Salmaan Farsi suggested to make trenches around the city of Madinah. Then
Prophet Muhammad PBUH together with three thousand companions prepared to dig
these trenches which were 5 meters wide and 5 meters deep and about 8 kilometers long.
It took the 6 days to complete digging it.
 The disbelievers placed Madinah under siege for almost fifteen days. The Banu Quraizah,
whom the Muslims feared, sided with the disbelievers and this increased their number.
 Prophet missed his four prayers (Salaah) on one day when disbelievers began throwing
stones and shooting arrows at the Muslims. Allah sent a hurricane against the disbelievers
that it uprooted their tents from the ground and overturned their pots that were over the
blazing fire.
 Banu Quraizah joined the disbelievers in the battle of trench and broke their agreement
with Prophet, So after the battle Muslims attacked them. They locked themselves in their
fort for twenty-five days.
6 Hijrih:
 In the beginning of Zil-Qa’dah 6 A.H, Prophet Muhammad PBUH tied ihram for Umrah
and set out towards Makkah with a large group of 1400 companions. Prophet camped at
Hudaybiyyah (name of a well about 25.5km from Makkah) because disbelievers of
Makkah didnot allow muslims to perform Umrah. Prophet sent Sayyidina Uthmaan to
Makka to negociate with disbelievers but rumor spread that disbelievers killed Sayyidina
Uthmaan then Prophet took a pledge (Bayt) for Jihad under an acacia tree, which is called
Bay’at-ru-Ridhwaan. Later on they learnt that this was only a rumour. The muslims and
disbelievers agreed to sign a treaty. Allah revealed Surah Fatah, wherein this treaty was
termed as an open victory.
 Sayyidina Khalid bin Waleed and A’mr bin A’as accepted Islaam.
 Prophet sent letters to the kings of the world to preach and describe the message of Islam.
A’mr bin Umayya was sent to the king of Ethiopia (Najashi, Ashumah). Dihya kalbi was
sent to the emperor rome (Hiraql, Hercules), Abdullah bin Hudhayfah was sent to the
leader of Persia (Kisrah), Haatib bin Abi Balta’a was sent to the leader of Egypt
(Maqowqas), A’mr bin A’as was sent to the leader of Oman.
7 Hijrih:
 When Banu Nadheer was banished from Madinah because they has broken their treaty
with muslims, they settled in Khaibar but still encouraging neighbouring tribes to fight
against muslims. So in Muharram or Jumadul-Ula Prophet with his six hundred
companions left for Khaibar. Allah grant the muslims victory and they gained control
over all the forts of the Jews. Sayyidinah Ali played a great role in this Jihad.
 Prophet performed Umrah, which was missed the previous year when the treaty of
Hudaybiyya was signed.
 Prophet married Sayyidah Maymoonah.
8 Hijrih:
 Prophet sent Sayyidina Harith bin U’mair to Shurahbeel, the governor of Busrah with the
invitation of Islam. Shurahbeel reacted with aggression and killed Sayyidina Harith bin
U’mair. So, in 8 A.H Prophet sent an army of three thousand to confront Shurahbeel.
Shurahbeel prepared an army of nearly one hundred and fifty thousand soldiers. 3
muslims against 150 disbelievers. This battle took place at Muta, a place in Shaam
(Syria) 51.5km from Baitul Maqsid and close to the city of Balqaan. Three leaders of
muslims (Sayyidinah Zaid bin Haritha, Sayyidina Ja’far, and Sayyidinah Abdullah bin
Rawaha) martyred then muslims gained victory under commanment of Sayyidina Khalid
bin Waleed.
 Prophet Muhammad PBUH began preparing for Jihad, on 3rd Ramadhan 8 A.H after
A’sr Prophet with an army of ten thousand left Madinah towards Makkah. Allah gave
command over Makkah without fight and On Friday, 20th Ramadhan, Prophet made
Tawaaf of the Ka’bah and broke all the idols placed inside Ka’bah. Prophet, who was a
mercy unto mankind addressed to disbelievers of Makkah as ” Today you all are free.
There is no blame on you”. Prophet remained in Makkah for fifteen days. Thereafter,
returend to Madinah and appointed Sayyidinah I’tab bin Usayd as the governor of
Makkah.
 After the conquest of Makkah, the Arabs began entering into Islam in large numbers but
two Arab tribes (Hawaazin and Thaqeef) could not tolerate the rise of Islam and prepared
to wage war against the muslims and set out towards Makkah. Prophet gathered twelve
thousand companions to fight them. On the 6th Sawaal this army left Makkah and when
they reached the valley of Hunain the enemy attached the muslims from all directions. In
initial stage muslims faced defeat but later on muslims gained victory. Only four muslims
martyred whereas more than seventy disbelievers were killed. Muslims took possession
of all their belongings among which twenty four thousand camels, more than forty
thousand goats and four thousand awqiya (490 kgs).
 After the Banu Hawaazin and Thaqeef were defeated in Hunain they took protection in
the fort of Taaif. Prophet followed them and approximately eighteen days they laid seige
to the fort. Then Prophet left and camped at Ji’rranah and handedover persons who were
 captured at Hunain on the request of people of Taaif. After returning to Madinah, a
delegation from Taaif came to Madinah and accepted Islam.
 Thereafter, Prophet performed Umrah from Ji’rranah and returned to Madinah on the 6th
Zul-Qa’dah 8 A.H.
9Hijrih:
 After returning from Taaif, Prophet remained in Madinah until the middle of 9 A.H.
Prophet began preparation for Jihad as he was informed that Hiraql (Hercules) was
preparing an army at Tabuk to attack the muslims after their defeat in Muta. In Rajab,
Prophet left Madinah for Tabuk with twenty thousand companions. Hiraql fled from
Tabuk and no battle was fought. Muslim returned after staying in Tabuk for fifteen to
twenty days. This was the last battle that Prophet Muhammad fought. Prophet returned to
Madinah in Ramadhan 9 A.H.
 After returning from Tabuk, Prophet appointed Sayyidina Abu Bakr as the leader of Hajj
and sent him to Makkah.
10 Hijrih:
 Prophet left for Hajj on the 25th Zul-Qa’dah 10 A.H. and more than one hundred
thousand companions joined him. Prophet tied ihram from Zul-Hulaifah, six miles from
Madinah. They, reached Makkah on Saturday, 4th Zil-Hijjah. On the 9th Zul-Hijjah after
reaching Arafaat, Prophet delivered a very inspiring Khutbah (Speech) which was full of
advice and wisdom. After performing Hajj, Prophet remained in Makkah for few days
and thereafter returned to Madinah.
11 Hijrih:
 After returning from Makkah, Prophet prepared an army on the 26th Safar 11 A.H. to
fight the Romans. Amongst the soldiers were many leading companions like Sayyidina
Abu Bakr, Sayyidina Umar, Sayyidina Abu U’baidah bin Jarrah and Prophet appointed
Sayyidina Usama as the ameer (leader) of this army. This was the last army that Prophet
arranged himself. This army had not yet left Madinah when Prophet fell ill. Prophet
Muhammad PBUH thereafter passed away and Sayyidinah Abu Bakr dispatched this
army.
  On 28th Safar 11 A.H. Prophet visited Jannatul Baqee where he made dua for the inmates
of the graves. After returning home, he experienced a headache and from then onwards
had a fever, which lasted for thirteen days. In this condition Prophet left this world.
 On Monday the 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal, after the Zuhr Salaah, Prophet left this worldly
abode and went to meet his creator, Allah.
 Prophet was buried after two days, on Wednesday, at the time of sehri (early down).
Prophet was sixty-three years old at the time of his demise.
Ten valuable lessons from Prophet Muhammad's (P.B.U.H) life

The life of Holy Prophet PBUH is a beacon of light for the pious and God-fearing. In order to
fully grasp and comprehend how an orphan rose to become the greatest benefactor of mankind,
we need to study and focus on some of the primary lessons that can be derived from his
immaculate life.

1. Honesty in conducting trade

The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was extremely honest and trustworthy in his day to day affairs. This
was a rare quality in the era he lived, when merchants and vendors used to swindle and deceive
the consumers for petty profits. When he left on a trade journey, his female employer at the time
Hazrat Khadija (R.A) sent another employee to accompany the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) to
observe the way he dealt her goods. His findings indicated that Khadija’s (R.A) business was
being handled by the Prophet (P.B.U.H) with utmost diligence and sincerity. Upon return, the
Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) came bearing handsome profits on account of his honest
dealings. This unique characteristic of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) impressed her so much that later
on she sent him a proposal of marriage which ultimately Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)
accepted.

2. He upheld the truth at all times

Before that miraculous night when the Holy Prophet (P.B .U.H) was appointed as the final
Messenger, the whole city of Makkah called him by the worthy names of Al-Sadiq, Al-Amin
(The Honest, The Trustworthy). This not only placed the people’s firm belief and trust in him but
when he finally began to preach the religion of God, people adhered to his attestations.

3. His focused approach and dedication towards his holy mission

The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) was so focused on his mission to propagate the word of God that he
was ready to bear every hardship that came his way. When the affluent in Makkah came to
realize that he was becoming popular among the masses, they chose to offer him incentives so
that he gave up preaching the message of Islam. He was offered worldly possessions such as
wealth, status of the chief of Makkah and marriage to the most beautiful woman at the time. Yet
he remained steadfast towards his purpose and remarked ,”Even if they place the sun in my right
hand and the moon in my left, I will not renounce my mission until I die or God fulfills my
mission for me.”

4. His compassionate attitude turned enemies into friends

The Prophet’s message was not well received by all. Those who were too engrossed in idol
worship refused to listen to his voice of reason and logic, started causing him physical pain and
injury. His own uncle Abu Lahab’s wife scattered thorns in his path yet he never responded back
but simply changed his course. A woman used to throw trash on him every day when he walked
past her house but the noble Prophet (P.B.U.H) never rebuked her instead when one day the
woman did not show up to throw trash at him, it prompted him to visit her house. Finding her ill
and bed ridden, he was kind to her and inquired after her health. The woman was thoroughly
ashamed of her actions and repented at once, accepting Islam. This is how the prophet used his
merciful trait to conquer his enemies and convert them into his well wishers.

5. His modest attitude as a ruler

Despite being the ruler of Makkah and beloved of his companions, the Prophet (P.B.U.H) never
distinguished himself from his companions. He ate what they ate, he dressed as they dressed and
used to talk to them in a courteous way. His charisma was entirely based on his friendly and
loving attitude that charmed everyone around him to no end.

6. Leading by example
He was always a role model and example for his followers. In the famous battle of the Trench,
the Muslims were outnumbered and awfully short on supplies. Hunger and suffering were
common during those times. A companion once came to the Prophet (P.B.U.H) and complained
regarding his hunger and pointed to a stone fastened around his stomach to prevent hunger. The
Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) lifted his shirt and pointed towards not one but two stones fastened to
his own stomach.
7. His sense of merit
He came as a liberator of all the oppressed and the victims. Hazrat Bilal (R.A) was an
Abyssinian slave due to this fact alone; he was looked down upon as well as subjected to harsh
treatment and ridicule. Upon joining the fold of Islam, he became a distinguished personality for
all times as being the first Muslim to announce the call to prayer (Azaan) atop the Ka’abah.
Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed (R.A) inflicted serious damages, time and again in skirmishes on the
Muslims yet when he repented and chose to accept Islam, the Prophet (P.B.U.H) made him a
respected commander of the Muslim army and addressed him with the title Saifullah (Sword of
Allah). Hence, a sense of merit and logic was always present in all the judgments of the merciful
prophet of mankind.

8. Putting to use everything for good

After the battle of Badar, when the Muslims captured many prisoners of war, the Holy Prophet
Muhammad (P.B.U.H) ordained that all prisoners who were unable to pay their ransom could
obtain freedom if they taught ten Muslims to read and write. This fact alone shows the wisdom
of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) and his willingness to adopt anything that was beneficial and good for
his people. This act of the Holy Prophet’s (P.B.U.H) also goes to show how much importance
and emphasis he laid on education.

9. A simple life with little regard to worldly possessions

A man of humble means and behavior, the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) adopted a simple and modest
lifestyle. Despite being the conqueror of Makkah, he did not take to worldly treasures or
possessions. The night of his passing, the great Prophet’s house did not have oil to light a lamp.
Such was his greatness that his regard for this world was nothing as compared to the spiritual
world.

10. Pleasant disposition and cheerful manner

The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) was a man of high spirits and lofty character. One if his sayings is,
“Even a smile can be charity.” He was always respectful of the old, caring towards the weak and
loving towards the children. His wives and daughters took great joy in his company as did his
companions. He used to spread a sheet of cloth in respect for his daughter Fatima (R.A) and
foster mother Halima Saadia (R.A) every time they paid him a visit. The Prophet (P.B.U.H) was
known not to decline anyone’s request for anything at anytime.
Muslims are fortunate to have a role model and perfect guide in the form of the Holy Prophet
Muhammad (P.B.U.H). Achieving the same level of success that he did is impossible but the
purpose of his life was for us to study, learn and implement his virtues in order to succeed in this
life and the afterlife.