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EN 1993‐4‐2 Eurocode 3
1. Reliability differentiation
• Consequence Class 3: Tanks storing liquids or liquefied
gases with toxic or explosive potential and large size
tanks with flammable or water‐polluting liquids in
urban areas. Emergency loadings should be taken into
account for these structures where necessary.
4.7. Concentrated live load
4.8. Snow
4.9. Wind
4.10. Suction due to inadequate venting
4.11 Seismic loadings
1. Permanent + Live + Snow + Wind + Storage
2. Permanent + Live + Snow + Wind (empty)
3. Permanent + Snow + Storage + Quake
6. Design of cylindrical walls
• For tanks in Consequence Class 1, membrane theory may be
used to determine the primary stresses, with factors and
simplified expressions to describe local bending effects and
unsymmetrical actions.
≤ fy / γM0
2. Body shell relative slenderness:
3. Imperfection factor:
4. Characteristic buckling stress:
• At every point in the structure, the vertical
membrane stress σx should satisfy the
condition:
σx ≤ σx,Rk
3) Circumferential direction plate check
≤ fy / γM0
4) External pressure / internal partial vacuum
For uniform partial internal vacuum (external pressure), where
there is a structurally connected roof, the critical buckling
external pressure Pn,Rcru for the isotropic wall should be found as:
where:
r is the radius of the silo wall;
t is the thickness of the thinnest part of the wall;
I is the height between stiffening rings or boundaries.
where:
r is the outer radius of the roof;
t is the smallest shell plate thickness;
Ø is the slope of the cone to the horizontal.
• The design buckling external pressure should
be determined as:
8. Edge ring at the shell to roof
junction
• The force in the effective ring (area where the
roof is connected to the shell) should be
verified using:
where:
Aeff is the effective area of the edge ring
indicated in figure 1
α is the slope of the roof to the horizontal at
the junction
pv,Ed is the maximum vertical component of the
design distributed load including the dead
weight of the supporting structure
(downward positive).
Figure 1: Edge ring at the shell to roof junction
9. Stiffening rings
• The height that may be taken to be stable
without a stiffening ring should be taken from:
in which:
K= 1 if the axial stress σx,Ed is tensile
if the axial stress is compressive