V.BALAJI,A.

P/EEE,DCE
 ADVANTAGES

Simple and rugged construction

relatively cheap

little maintenance

High efficiency and reasonably good power
factor

Self starting torque

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 Disadvantages
 Essentially a constant speed motor
its speed cannot be changed

Starting torque is inferior to dc
shunt motor

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
Construction of induction motor

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
Construction of Rotor

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
Slip Ring induction motor

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
Output Equation

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
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 Input K.V.A
 input K.V.A = KW
Efficiency X power factor
(or)
= 0.746 X H.P
Efficiency X power factor

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
MAIN DIMENSIONS

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 volume of M/C D2 L = I/P KVA m3
Co ns

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 No. of Stator Conductors
 No. of Stator turns / phase Ts = Es
4.44 F Φm K ws
Where
F = Frequency of flux reversals in Hz.
Φm = Max Flux per pole.wb
Ts = No of Stator turns /phase.
K ws = stator winding Factor.
No of Stator conductor 3phase ,Zs
= 3 x 2 Ts
∴Zs = 6Ts

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 No.of Stator conductor / Slot
Zss = Zs
SS
No . of Stator Slot
Where ZSS = Integer Single layer Winding
Even Double layer winding

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 Cross Section of Stator Conductor
 Stator voltage / phase ES = EL for Delta
= EL for star
√3
Stator current per phase
Is = I/P kVA x 103

3X Es

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
Cross Section of Stator Conductor

as = Is
δs
δ S = Current density for Stator
winding = 3 to 5 A/mm2

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 Stator Winding
 For small and medium rated machine
semi enclosed slot with single layer
winding is used.
 For large rated machines open slot
with double layer winding is used.


V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 Single Layer can be assumed if the
following conditions are satisfied.
1. Rated power (p) < 20 kW
2. Rated voltage (v) < 600 V

3. Diameter of the Machine (D) < 40cm

If any one of the condition mentioned

above is not satisfied double layer
winding will be assumed.

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 No of Stator Slots
 SS = 3 P q s
 P = no. of poles, qs = no. of stator slots per pole
per phase
 Where qs ≥ 2
 No. of stator slots ss = πD
YSS
Where
D = Stator bore or Inner diameter
YSS = stator slot pitch
YSS = 1.0 to 1.5 cm for single wdg
YSS = 1.5 to 2.5 cm for double layer wdg

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 Slot diamensions
 Minimum width of stator teeth
Wtsmin = Φm P x Li
1.7 SS
Yss = Wts + Wss

Max width of stator slot

Wss = Yss – Wtsmin

dss
Wss = 3 to 6 (dss – depth of the stator slot )
Wss - width of the stator slot

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 Slot Space Factor
 It is defined as the ratio of area
occupied by all conductors in a slot
to the slot area.
Sf = as X Zss
dss X Wss

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
Depth of the Stator core

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 DESIGN OF ROTOR
 DESIGN OF SQUIRREL CAGE ROTOR

 DESIGN OF SLIP RING ROTOR

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 DESIGN OF SQUIRREL CAGE
ROTOR
 Rotor bar current

 Area of Rotor bar

 Rotor end ring

 Area of rotor end ring

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 ROTOR BAR CURRENT
 Rotor mmf = Ib x Sr
2
Stator mmf = ms Is Ts

Ib Is Ts , A
= 0.85 X 6
Sr
Where Ib = Rotor bar Current , A
Sr = No of rotor slots = No of rotor
conductors
ms = No of Phases in stator
Is = Stator current/ phase , ,A
Ts = No of stator turns/phase

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 AREA OF ROTOR BAR
 ab = Ib , mm2
δb

Ib = Rotor bar Current , A

ab = Area of rotor bar ,mm2
δb = Current density for rotor bars
= 4 to 7A/ mm2

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 ROTOR END RING
 Ie r.m.s = Sr Ib r.m.s ,A
Πp

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 AREA OF ROTOR END RING

ae = Ie , mm2
δe

δe = Current density 4 to 7 A/mm2

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 DESIGN OF SLIP RING
 No of rotor slots
 No of rotor conductors

 Rotor current

 C.S of rotor conductor

 Depth of rotor core

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 NO OF ROTOR SLOTS
 Sr = 3 p qr
 S r = Π Dr
Ysr
Where p = no .opf poles
qr = no of rotor slots/ pole/
phase
Sr = no of rotor slots
Dr = Diameter of rotor
Ysr = rotor slot pitch , cm
V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 NO OF ROTOR CONDUCTORS
 Rotor emf / phase , Er = 4.44f Φm
Φm Tr Kwr volt

 Stator emf/phase , Es = 4.44f Φm

Φm Ts Kws volt

 No of rotor conductors for 3 – phase, Zr = 6 Tr

No of rotor conductors / slot Zsr = Zr =

even N
Sr
V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 ROTOR CURRENT
 Ir
= 0.85 X Is Ts
Tr
Where Ir = Rotor current / phase , A
Is = Stator current / phase ,
A
Tr = No of rotor turns / phase
Ts = No of stator turns /
phase
V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
C.S OF ROTOR CONDUCTOR
ar = Ir

δr
Where Ir = Rortor current/phase
,A
ar = C.S of rotor conductor,
mm2

δr = current density for rotor

winding V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 SLOT DIMENSIONS
 Wtrmin = Φm
1.7 X (sr/p) X Li
Wtrmin = Min width of rotor teeth

Ysr = Wtr + Wsr

Max width of rotor slots Wsrmax = Ysr –
Wtrmin
dsr = 3 to 6
Wsr
V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 DEPTH OF ROTOR CORE
 Thedistance between periphery of
shaft and bottom of slot is called
depth of rotor core.
Area of rotor core, Acr = Li X dcr,
m2
Let Li = Net length of rotor core ,m
dcr = depth of rotor core ,m

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 dcr = Φcr
Bcr X Li

Bcr = flux density for the rotor core

= 1.2 to 1.4 wb/m2
Dsh = Dr – 2 (dsr + dcr) , m
Dsr = Depth of rotor slot

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 B6O
 IF the value of flux density is
selected at 60 degree from inter pole
axis (or) at 30 degree from polar
axis the effect of 3rd harmonics will
be completely eliminated and

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 DESIGN OF STATOR

 MMF REQUIRED FOR AIRGAP

 MMF REQUIRED FOR STATOR TEETH

 MMF REQUIRED FOR ROTOR TEETH

 MMF REQUIRED FOR STATOR CORE

 MMF REQUIRED FOR ROTOR CORE

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 MMF REQUIRED FOR AIRGAP
 ATg = 800,000 Kg Bg lg , AT

WHEN θ = 60

ATg60 = 800,000 Kg Bg60 lg , AT

where Kg = Gap contraction factor

= 1.05 to 1.15

Bg60 = 1.36 x Bav

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 MMF REQUIRED FOR STATOR TEETH
 Width of the stator teeth at 1/3rd height
from narrow end
Wts1/3 = Π(D
Π(D + 2 1/3 dss ) - Wss
Ss
Flux density for stator teeth at 1/3rd
height from narrow end
Bts 1/3 = Φm/ (ss/p)x Li (Wts1/3)
Bts60 = 1.36 X Bts 1/3 from Avg
value.
Bts60 = atts60 from B Vs at Curve.
V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 Contd….
ATts = atts60 X dss

dss = depth of stator slot = length of flux path

through stator teeth

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 MMF REQUIRED FOR ROTOR TEETH
 Width of the rotor teeth at 1/3rd height
from narrow end
Wtr1/3 = Π(D
Π(D - 2 lg – 2 x 2/3dsr ) - Wsr
Sr
Flux density for rotor teeth at 1/3rd
height from narrow end
Btr 1/3 = Φm/ (sr/p)x Li (Wtr1/3)
Btr60 = 1.36 X Btr 1/3 from Avg value.
Btr60 = attr60 from B Vs at Curve
V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 Contd….

ATtr = attr60 X dsr

dsr = depth of rotor slot = length of

flux path through rotor teeth

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 MMF REQUIRED FOR STATOR CORE

 Flux density for the stator core

Bcs = 1.2 to 1.4 wb/m2
Bcs = atcs from B Vs at curve

Length of flux in stator core

lcs = 1/3 x Π(D + 2lg + 2dss + 2
x1/2 dcs
p

ATCS = atcs x lcs , AT

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 MMF REQUIRED FOR ROTOR CORE

 Flux density for the rotor core

Bcr = 1.2 to 1.4 wb/m2
Bcr = atcr from B Vs at curve

Length of flux in stator core

lcr = 1/3 x Π(D + 2lg + 2dsr + 2
x1/2 dsr
p

ATCr = atcr x lcr, AT

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 Contd…
 Total magnetizing mmf reqd at no
load
AT 60 = ATg60 + ATts60 + ATtr60 + ATcs +
ATcr

AT 60 = √3/2 [ 2.7 Im Ts Kws]

p
Im = 0.427 P AT60
TS KWS

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 NOTE
 Total magnetizing mmf at no load is the
sum of mmf reqd
for air gap and mmf reqd for Iron path is
AT60 = ATg60 + ATi , AT

Stator core carries half of max flux per

pole
Φcs = Φm , wb
2
Rotor core carries half of max flux per
pole
Φcr = V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
Φm , wb
 Contd…..

If type of connection is not mentioned, the stator can
be assumed as delta connection

Since rotor frequency is very less under running
condition, the iron loss in rotor can be neglected.

Distribution Factor Kd = sin σ/2

q sin σ/2qs
where σ = phase spread angle
qs = No of stator/pole/phase = ss
mxp

V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 Problem
 A 150 H.P, 3 - Θ, 2000 volt, 10 pole, star
connected I.M has the no of stator
slot/pole/phase has 3. The max flux/pole is
0.025 wb. The air gap area/pole is 480 cm2
and the corrected airgap length is 1mm. If mmf
reqd for iron path is 25% of airgap mmf.
Calculate its magnetising current.
Given data :
P = 150 H.P , 3 - Θ ,EL = 2000 V , F= 50 Hz, P
=10, star connected stator, qs = 3 , Φm =
0.025 wb,
Aair = 480 cm2 , lge = Kg lg = 1mm , ATi = 0.25 X
ATg60
V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 Reqd data : Im = ?
Solution : Stator voltage/ phase, Es =
1154.7 v
Assume Kp = 1,
Phase spread Angle σ = Π/m =180/ 3=
60degree
Distribution factor Kd = sin σ/2
q sin σ/2qs
= 0.96
Stator winding factor , Kws = Kp x Kd
V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
 No of stator turns /phase , Ts = Es
4.44 f
Φm Kws
= 216
Avg flux density, Bav = pΦm
pΦ = Φm =
Φm
Π DL Π DL
Aair
p
= 0.56
wb/m2
Bg60 = 1.36 X Bav = 0.708 wb/m2
V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
Mmf reqd for air gap ATg60 = 800,000 Kg
 = 566. 4 AT
mmf reqd for iron paths, ATi = 0.25 x
ATg60
=
108.34 AT
Total magnetizing mmf reqd at no load,
AT60 = ATg60 +
ATi
= 417.88
AT
Magnetizing Current/phase, Im = 0.427 P
AT60
V.BALAJI,A.P/EEE,DCE
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