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Elastomers
Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich

Elastomers are polymers possessing high elasticity - may be reversibly stretched at high
degree.

Elastomers consists of long lightly cross-linked molecules.

Common elastomers are:

 Polyisoprene (natural rubber)

 Butyl
 Nitrile
 Neoprene
 Ethylene-Propylene
 Hypalon
 Silicone

Elastomers may be strengthened by vulcanization process (heat treatment in presence of

chemical agents).

Vulcanization results in increase of cross-linking of the molecules.

Vulcanized elastomers are elastic for small deformations.

Vulcanization produces cross-links which make impossible shaping material. Therefore

most of elastomers are shaped before cross-linking.

However there are some elastomer materials which are not cross-linked when heated.
These elastomers may be reversibly remolded by heating many times (like
Thermoplastics).

Such kind of elastomers is called Thermoplastic Elastomers.

Thermoplastic elastomers are manufactured by copolymerization of two or more

monomers forming block polymers or graft polymers.

Common thermoplastic elastomers are:

 Polyurethanes
 Polyester Copolymers
 Styrene-Butadiene

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Properties and applications of some elastomers

 Elastomer Polyisoprene (natural rubber)

 Elastomer Butyl (Isobutene-Isoprene)
 Elastomer Nitrile
 Elastomer Neoprene (Chloroprene)
 Elastomer Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
 Elastomer Hypalon (CSM, Chlor-Sulfonated Polyethylene)
 Elastomer Silicone
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyurethane
 Thermoplastic elastomer Styrene-Butadiene
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyester Copolymer

Discuss the article and ask questions in our Materials Forum

Related internal links

 Polymer structure
 Polymer materials (Introduction)
 Thermoplastics
 Thermosets
 Shore (Durometer) hardness test
 Methods of polymers fabrication
 Vulcanization of rubber
 Plastics welding
 Adhesives
 Paints
 Ion exchange resins
 Plastics recycling

Related external links

http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/class.htm
http://bioe.eng.utoledo.edu/adms_staffs/akkus/BIO2200_notes/polymers.pdf
http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~woodadam/GCH6101/Important%20polymers.pdf
http://www.eng.uwo.ca/es021/ES021a_2006/Lecture%20Notes/Chap%2014-15%20-
%20Polymers.pdf
http://courses.washington.edu/courseli/me355/Lectures/Sp2006/lecture19-
20%20Polymer,%20Polymer% 20Processing,%20composites.ppt
http://www.engr.siu.edu/staff2/deruntz/IT208/Chapter%2018%20Manufacturing%20with
%20Plastics.ppt

2
to Polymers

Elastomer Polyisoprene (natural rubber)

(submitted by the website administration)

Elastomer
Polyisoprene (natural rubber)
Property Value in metric unit Value in US unit
Density 0.93 *10³ kg/m³ 58.1 lb/ft³
Tensile strength 20 MPa 2900 psi
Elongation 800 % 800 %
Glass transition temperature -70 ºC -94 ºF
Maximum work temperature 80 ºC 176 ºF
Electric resistivity 107-109 Ohm*m 109-1011 Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant 2.7 - 2.7 -
 Excellent abrasion resistance;
 Excellent tear strength;
 Excellent resilinence;
 Excellent low temperature flexibility;
 Excellent dielectric strength;
 Poor resistance to ozone and oxygen;
 Poor resistance to sunlight and heat;
 Poor resistance to solvents.

Applications: automobile tires, gaskets, hoses.

Elastomer Butyl (Isobutene-Isoprene)

(submitted by the website administration)

Elastomer
Butyl (Isobutene-Isoprene)
Property Value in metric unit Value in US unit
Density 0.92 *10³ kg/m³ 57.4 lb/ft³
Tensile strength 20 MPa 2900 psi
Elongation 900 % 900 %
Glass transition temperature -79 ºC -110 ºF
Maximum work temperature 100 ºC 212 ºF
9
Electric resistivity 10 Ohm*m 1011 Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant 2.3 - 2.3 -

3
  Very low permeability to air;
 Excellent resistance to acids and alkali;
 Excellent heat resistance;
 Poor resistance to solvents, fuel, oil.

Applications: inner lining of automobile tires, steam hoses and diaphragms.

Related internal links

 Elastomer Polyisoprene (natural rubber)

 Elastomer Nitrile
 Elastomer Neoprene (Chloroprene)
 Elastomer Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
 Elastomer Hypalon (CSM, Chlor-Sulfonated Polyethylene)
 Elastomer Silicone
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyurethane
 Thermoplastic elastomer Styrene-Butadiene
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyester Copolymer

Related external links

http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/class.htm
http://bioe.eng.utoledo.edu/adms_staffs/akkus/BIO2200_notes/polymers.pdf
http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~woodadam/GCH6101/Important%20polymers.pdf
http://www.eng.uwo.ca/es021/ES021a_2006/Lecture%20Notes/Chap%2014-15%20-
%20Polymers.pdf
http://courses.washington.edu/courseli/me355/Lectures/Sp2006/lecture19-
20%20Polymer,%20Polymer%20Processing,%20composites.ppt
http://www.engr.siu.edu/staff2/deruntz/IT208/Chapter%2018%20Manufacturing%20with
%20Plastics.ppt

to Elastomers
to Properties of polymers

Elastomer Nitrile
(submitted by the website administration)

Elastomer
Nitrile
Property Value in metric unit Value in US unit
Density 1.0 *10³ kg/m³ 62.4 lb/ft³
Tensile strength 28 MPa 4060 psi
Elongation 700 % 700 %
Glass transition temperature -55 ºC -67 ºF

4
Maximum work temperature 100 ºC 212 ºF
Electric resistivity 102 Ohm*m 104 Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant 13 - 13 -
 Excellent resistance to solvents, fuel, oil;
 Good abrasion resistance;
 Good resistance to acids;
 Poor resistance to sunlight.

Applications: hoses, gaskets, tanks lining, rolls coating.

Related internal links

 Elastomer Polyisoprene (natural rubber)

 Elastomer Butyl (Isobutene-Isoprene)
 Elastomer Neoprene (Chloroprene)
 Elastomer Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
 Elastomer Hypalon (CSM, Chlor-Sulfonated Polyethylene)
 Elastomer Silicone
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyurethane
 Thermoplastic elastomer Styrene-Butadiene
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyester Copolymer

Related external links

http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/class.htm
http://bioe.eng.utoledo.edu/adms_staffs/akkus/BIO2200_notes/polymers.pdf
http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~woodadam/GCH6101/Important%20polymers.pdf
http://www.eng.uwo.ca/es021/ES021a_2006/Lecture%20Notes/Chap%2014-15%20-
%20Polymers.pdf
http://courses.washington.edu/courseli/me355/Lectures/Sp2006/lecture19-
20%20Polymer,%20Polymer%20Processing,%20composites.ppt
http://www.engr.siu.edu/staff2/deruntz/IT208/Chapter%2018%20Manufacturing%20with
%20Plastics.ppt

to Elastomers
to Properties of polymers

Elastomer Neoprene (Chloroprene)

(submitted by the website administration)

Elastomer
Neoprene (Chloroprene)
Property Value in metric unit Value in US unit
Density 1.23 *10³ kg/m³ 76.8 lb/ft³

5
 Tensile strength 25 MPa 3630 psi
Elongation 1000 % 1000 %
Glass transition temperature -50 ºC -58 ºF
Maximum work temperature 100 ºC 212 ºF
3
Electric resistivity 10 Ohm*m 105 Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant 9 - 9 -
 Excellent abrasion resistance;
 Good resistance to oil, fuel and petroleum based solvents;
 Excellent resistance to ozone;
 Very good resistance to sunlight;
 Poor resistance to lacquer solvents.

Applications: oil and crude oil hoses, gaskets, diaphragms, lining of chemical vessels.

Related internal links

 Elastomer Polyisoprene (natural rubber)

 Elastomer Butyl (Isobutene-Isoprene)
 Elastomer Nitrile
 Elastomer Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
 Elastomer Hypalon (CSM, Chlor-Sulfonated Polyethylene)
 Elastomer Silicone
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyurethane
 Thermoplastic elastomer Styrene-Butadiene
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyester Copolymer

Related external links

http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/class.htm
http://bioe.eng.utoledo.edu/adms_staffs/akkus/BIO2200_notes/polymers.pdf
http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~woodadam/GCH6101/Important%20polymers.pdf
http://www.eng.uwo.ca/es021/ES021a_2006/Lecture%20Notes/Chap%2014-15%20-
%20Polymers.pdf
http://courses.washington.edu/courseli/me355/Lectures/Sp2006/lecture19-
20%20Polymer,%20Polymer%20Processing,%20composites.ppt
http://www.engr.siu.edu/staff2/deruntz/IT208/Chapter%2018%20Manufacturing%20with
%20Plastics.ppt

to Elastomers
to Properties of polymers

Elastomer Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)

(submitted by the website administration)

6
Elastomer
Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
Property Value in metric unit Value in US unit
Density 0.86 *10³ kg/m³ 53.7 lb/ft³
Tensile strength 20 MPa 2900 psi
Elongation 300 % 300 %
Glass transition temperature -75 ºC -103 ºF
Maximum work temperature 100 ºC 212 ºF
8 10
Electric resistivity 10 Ohm*m 10
Dielectric constant 3.3 - 3.3 -
 Excellent resistance to sunlight and heat;
 Excellent resistance to ozone and oxygen;
 Excellent resistance to water and steam;
 Excellent low temperature flexibility;
 Good dielectric strength;
 Good abrasion resistance;
 Poor resistance to fuel, oil, alcohol.

Applications: electrical insulation, shoe soles, hoses, conveyor belts.

Related internal links

 Elastomer Polyisoprene (natural rubber)

 Elastomer Butyl (Isobutene-Isoprene)
 Elastomer Nitrile
 Elastomer Neoprene (Chloroprene)
 Elastomer Hypalon (CSM, Chlor-Sulfonated Polyethylene)
 Elastomer Silicone
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyurethane
 Thermoplastic elastomer Styrene-Butadiene
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyester Copolymer

Related external links

http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/class.htm
http://bioe.eng.utoledo.edu/adms_staffs/akkus/BIO2200_notes/polymers.pdf
http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~woodadam/GCH6101/Important%20polymers.pdf
http://www.eng.uwo.ca/es021/ES021a_2006/Lecture%20Notes/Chap%2014-15%20-
%20Polymers.pdf
http://courses.washington.edu/courseli/me355/Lectures/Sp2006/lecture19-
20%20Polymer,%20Polymer%20Processing,%20composites.ppt
http://www.engr.siu.edu/staff2/deruntz/IT208/Chapter%2018%20Manufacturing%20with
%20Plastics.ppt

7
to Elastomers
to Properties of polymers

Elastomer Hypalon (CSM, Chlor-

Sulfonated Polyethylene)
(submitted by the website administration)

Elastomer
Hypalon (CSM, Chlor-Sulfonated Polyethylene)
Property Value in metric unit Value in US unit
Density 1.2 *10³ kg/m³ 74.9 lb/ft³
Tensile strength 21 MPa 3050 psi
Elongation 500 % 500 %
Glass transition temperature -55 ºC -67 ºF
Maximum work temperature 130 ºC 266 ºF
6
Electric resistivity 10 Ohm*m 108 Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant 8.5 - 8.5 -
 Excellent abrasion resistance;
 Excellent tensile strength;
 Excellent elongation;
 Good resistance to ozone and oxygen;
 Good weather resistance;
 Good heat resistance;
 Good corrosion resistance;
 Poor resistance to aromatic solvents, esters, chlorinated solvents;

Applications: cable insulation, gaskets, flexible hoses for oil and chemicals, conveyor
belts.

Related internal links

 Elastomer Polyisoprene (natural rubber)

 Elastomer Butyl (Isobutene-Isoprene)
 Elastomer Nitrile
 Elastomer Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
 Elastomer Neoprene (Chloroprene)
 Elastomer Silicone
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyurethane
 Thermoplastic elastomer Styrene-Butadiene
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyester Copolymer

Related external links

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http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/class.htm
http://bioe.eng.utoledo.edu/adms_staffs/akkus/BIO2200_notes/polymers.pdf
http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~woodadam/GCH6101/Important%20polymers.pdf
http://www.eng.uwo.ca/es021/ES021a_2006/Lecture%20Notes/Chap%2014-15%20-
%20Polymers.pdf
http://courses.washington.edu/courseli/me355/Lectures/Sp2006/lecture19-
20%20Polymer,%20Polymer%20Processing,%20composites.ppt
http://www.engr.siu.edu/staff2/deruntz/IT208/Chapter%2018%20Manufacturing%20with
%20Plastics.ppt

to Elastomers
to Properties of polymers

elastomer_hypalon_csm_chlor-sulfonated_polyethylene.txt · Last modified: 2008/09/03

by d

Elastomer Silicone
(submitted by the website administration)

Elastomer
Silicone
Property Value in metric unit Value in US unit
Density 0.98 *10³ kg/m³ 61.2 lb/ft³
Tensile strength 10 MPa 1450 psi
Elongation 700 % 700 %
Glass transition temperature -50 ºC -58 ºF
Maximum work temperature 300 ºC 572 ºF
3 9 5 11
Electric resistivity 10 -10 Ohm*m 10 -10 Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant 3.3 - 3.3 -
 Excellent resistance to ozone and oxygen;
 Excellent resistance to heat and sunlight;
 Excellent weather resistance;
 Wide work temperature interval: -150ºF…600 ºF (-100ºC…315 ºC)
 Poor resistance to fuel, oil, hydrocarbons;
 Poor abrasion resistance
 Poor tear resistance;

Applications: high temperature sealant, adhesives, vibration damping components.

Related internal links

 Elastomer Polyisoprene (natural rubber)

 Elastomer Butyl (Isobutene-Isoprene)

9
  Elastomer Nitrile
 Elastomer Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
 Elastomer Hypalon (CSM, Chlor-Sulfonated Polyethylene)
 Elastomer Neoprene (Chloroprene)
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyurethane
 Thermoplastic elastomer Styrene-Butadiene
 Thermoplastic elastomer Polyester Copolymer

Related external links

http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/class.htm
http://bioe.eng.utoledo.edu/adms_staffs/akkus/BIO2200_notes/polymers.pdf
http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~woodadam/GCH6101/Important%20polymers.pdf
http://www.eng.uwo.ca/es021/ES021a_2006/Lecture%20Notes/Chap%2014-15%20-
%20Polymers.pdf
http://courses.washington.edu/courseli/me355/Lectures/Sp2006/lecture19-
20%20Polymer,%20Polymer%20Processing,%20composites.ppt
http://www.engr.siu.edu/staff2/deruntz/IT208/Chapter%2018%20Manufacturing%20with
%20Plastics.ppt

to Elastomers
to Properties of polymers

10