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TPS(THERMAL POWER STATION):

In INDIAL OIL CORPORATION, HALDIA REFINARY generates power for his own purpose. Here two types
of power station where power generates,

1. GAS TURBINE POWER STATION

2. THERMAL POWER STATION

In thermal power station power is generated 10mv by fuel to operate the plants. Here power generates
under the process-

Here we see in TPS, WATER tube boiler mainly used to generate power and steam turbine, fd fan, id
fan for cooling purpose or air suction, condenser to condensate water, safety valves, feed valve, cooling
tower, etc used.

But here boiler, turbine and condenser is important to us.

BOILER: A steam generator or boiler is, usually a closed vessel made of steel. Its function is to
transfer the heat produced by the combustion fuel to water, and ultimately to generate steam. The
steam produced may be supplied:

1. To an external combustion engine,

2. At low pressure,
3. For producing hot water,
4. At low pressure, which can be used for heating installations at much lower pressure.

Important terms for steam boilers: Boiler shell, Combustion chamber, Grate, Furnace, Heating
surface, Mountings, Accessories.

CLASSIFIATION OF BOILER: Though there are many classifications the of steam boilers, yet the
following are important from the subject point of view: (a) Fire tube boiler, (b) Water tube boiler.
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Here mainly used water tube boiler for high pressure.

TURBINE: We apart from other things, power developed by the turbines and their efficiencies.
The scientists and engineers, working in research centers all over the world, concentrated their
attention to produce more power and to improve efficiencies of theses turbines. They have listed a
number of methods for this purpose. But the following system are importent:

1. Reheating of system,
2. Regenerative feed heating,
3. Binary vapour plants.
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CONDENSER: A steam condenser is a closed vessel into which the steam exhausted, and
condensed after doing work in an engine cylinder or turbine. A steam condenser has the following two
subjects:

1. The primary object is to maintain a low pressure (below atmospheric pressure) so as to obtain the
maximum possible energy from steam and thus to secure a high efficiency.

2. The secondary is to supply pure feed water to hot well, from where it is pumped back to the boiler.

CLASSIFICATION OF CONDENSERS: The steam condensers may be broadly classified into

two types, depending upon the way in which the steam is condensed:

1. Jet condensers or mixing type condensers, and

2. Surface condensers or non mixing type condensers.

Jet Condensers: These days, the jet condensers are seldom used because there is some loss of
condensate during the process of condensation and high power requirements for the pumps used.
Moreover, the condensate cannot be used as feed water to the boiler as it is not free from salt.
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However, jet condensers may be used at places where water of good quality is easily available in
sufficient quantise.

Surface Condensers: A surface condenser has a great advantage over the jet condensers, as the
condensate does not mix up with the cooling water. As a result of this, whole condensate can be reused
in the boiler. This type of condenser is essential in ships which can carry only a limited quantity of fresh
water for the boilers. It is also widely in land installation, where inferior water is available or the better
quality of water for feed is to be used economically.

In INDIAN OIL CORPORATION, HALDIA REFINARY basically THERMAL POWER STATION user surface
condensers for better performance.