i

KISS AND TELL: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY ON STUDENTS’

MANAGEMENT OF SECRECY AND CONFIDENTIALITY IN THE
SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM

A Research Paper
Presented to the
Faculty of the Senior High School Department
Agusan National High School
Butuan City

SOL SOPHIA ANGELINE C. ALVIZO

ALVIN JHON B. DUMANON
DEANNE JANE G. MAGSANAY
HERA S. TORRALBA
IAN GABRRIEL T. YGOT

MARCH 2018
 ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their sincerest gratitude to the

following persons who have contributed in making this research a laudable

success:

To the Almighty God, who have given them the strength, hope, knowledge

and the will to hurdle all the challenges.

To their families who have been very supportive financially and for the

unending encouragements and motivation.

To their research adviser, Mr. Lex Michael Lu Guiritan, MATEng for the

intelligent guidance and patience that drive the researchers to work harder.

To Benjie P. Jacob, Ph.D., for encouraging and sharing his expertise to

guide the researchers.

To Eduardo G. Corro, Hum.D. for giving the researchers the permission to

conduct the interview inside the Agusan National High School premises.

To the researchers’ friends, for understanding and cheering up the

researchers throughout the journey of this emotional ride.

To their research proposal and final defense panelists, who have

meticulously checked the researchers’ paper for improvements.

It’s a privilege and honor to be able to say thanks to each and every one.

S. S. A.
A. J. D.
D. J. M.
H. T.
I. G. Y.
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ABSTRACT

Everyone on social media is susceptible to online threats. One may be at

risk when their personal information is disclosed online. This dilemma is alarming

since most students are active on social media. The purpose of this study is to

present the perceptions of students on the management of secrecy and

confidentiality on social media. This study uses the qualitative inquiry and

phenomenological approach. The researchers interviewed ten (10) participants, all

bona fide students from Agusan National High School-Junior High School

Department with the use of availability sampling. The interview was conducted

after permissions and consents were approved and given to the researchers. The

researchers recorded and transcribed the verbatims of the participants during the

interview. After the data collection process, the researchers were able to form

themes which yielded answers for the central question. The following themes are;

people post hastily on social media despite knowing its risks, posting is a medium

of disseminating information, one must know the consequences of their action

online, posts are products of boredom, and social media platform is a ladder to a

higher social hierarchy status. The themes were cross checked with statements

found on the literature review.

Keywords: Kiss and Tell, Secrecy, Confidentiality, Social Media, Privacy,

Oversharing.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
3 DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 9
Overall Approach and Rationale 9
Site on Population Selection and Sampling 10
Access, Role, Reciprocity, Trust and Rapport 10
Ethical and Political Consideration 11
Data Collection Method 11
Data Analysis Procedure 12
Procedures to Address Trustworthiness and Credibility 12
4 RESULTS 13
5 DISCUSSION 17
Implications for Educational Practice 19
Recommendation for Future Research 19
Concluding Remarks 20
References
Appendices
Curriculum Vitae
 1

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Secrecy in correlation with confidentiality means the act of keeping

something secret or maintaining privacy. People are provided with a set of rights

which allows them to manage their privacy and decide whether or not to disclose

their information (Solove, 2012). Confidentiality was not much of an issue until

people on social media have become more active overtime, especially with

manipulating their social media accounts (Gasser, 2012). The continuous

utilization of social media especially among teens mean that while adolescents are

sharing and learning more they are also exposed to more online threats. This

includes pornography and other offensive content or insults and demanding

language and cyberbullying. The concern is that adolescents are more sensitive

to online attacks and therefore their safety is put in jeopardy (Chen et al. 2012).

It has been suggested by some researchers that social media users are

hardly concerned about privacy. Sixty percent of students online specifically on

Facebook say that they are sharing more information about themselves on social

media (Madden, 2012). The increase of cases on disclosing personal information

on social media triggers an emergence of risks. Based from the study of O’keeffe

(2011), poor privacy management can lead to bullying. Lack of social media

secrecy management may also lead to cyberbullying, online harassment and

depression. These disheartening acts cause low self-esteem that can lead to

suicidal behaviors.
 2

Several studies provided details on how management of secrecy and

confidentiality affects one person. However, no study has sufficient analysis on

how students manage their privacy online and why others disregard it at all.

Furthermore, the researchers would like to find out what students think of secrecy

and how they manage it in the context of social media. Thus, the researchers seek

to find answers to the following questions:

1. What are the perceptions of students on management of secrecy and

confidentiality in the social media platform?

2. How do students react to the comments of other people towards their posts?

The researchers confine the study in conducting an interview with a

minimum of ten (10) participants. These participants are all bona fide Junior High

School students from Agusan National High School who has social media

accounts. The results of the study are non-generalizable and is only true to the

participants involved.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the

behavior of students at Agusan National High School on how they handle secrecy

and confidentiality in the social media. At this stage in the research, the behavior

of students on how they handle these things will be generally defined as the

student’s perceptions on the management of secrecy and confidentiality in the

social media platform.

 3

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter provides the discussion and details on how people manage

their secrecy and confidentiality. This review is done to compile literature on

studies that are already published and are related to this study. Additionally, this

chapter will also highlight some of the perils brought by over sharing on social

media.

Privacy

When keeping something confidential, the word privacy might come to one’s

mind. For the last hundred years, there have been numerous ways in defining

privacy. Privacy was defined as an extension of personality. Alan Westin (1969)

described privacy under the terms of information control. Other people however

insisted that it is a form of autonomy over matters that are personal. This points

out the variations of defining privacy (Moore, 2008). On a groundbreaking 1890

paper, privacy was described as a right “to be let alone” a freedom from intrusion

and interference. Explaining that each person has a sphere activity and existence

where they should be free from any constraint. Most people would recognize this

sphere to include intimate relationships, personal opinions and personal

communications where they are from any significant threats. With relevance to the

meaning of privacy its narrower meaning is, “informational privacy”. This concerns

everyone because it’s what computers threaten. Informational privacy is defined

as a right to manage the access to personal information. It is defined as an act of

 4

seeking knowledge or information without physical interaction. This also refers to

informing people by access to a person’s thoughts, opinions, aspirations, habits

and passions. It is not about how little or much information is disclosed but whether

the person have the control how much information will be revealed (Mcfarland,

2012). As privacy has been debated, one side of it is in favor of privacy-is-dead.

Its backers are under the impression that if the people’s willingness to disclose all

manners of personal information about their lives then they must have abandoned

the idea of having privacy. The other side of the debate advocates that the public

still sincerely care about their privacy. People who seem too comfortable sharing

their personal details publicly doesn’t mean they have abandoned their control over

their secrecy (Madden, 2012).

Privacy on Social Media

Everyone considered the emergence of social media sites as a step into the

future and this all began since the first modern social media was launched for the

first time on 1997. As the number of social media users increased so did the

massive influx of personal information disclosed for the public to see. This has

rendered major issues on privacy (Frometa, 2018). Overtime social media

becomes associated with how we live day by day which may also include how we

keep things private and personal. The existence of social media platforms such as

Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat drastically changed the way people

interact with other people (Cohen, 2017). Theories on privacy fail to account for

the ways in which social media alters practices in information-sharing and visibility

as much as in reality. The widespread and dynamic interaction through social

 5

media suggests that this changes the landscape of privacy management. These

include changes from sharing photos, videos, messages, news. Also, this changes

the privacy management in the Education domain, Business domain,

Entertainment and Media domain (Kumar, et al, 2016). These changes are critical

since this affects the level of safety of its users (Gensler, 2013).

Social Media and its Setbacks

As technology advances the sources of information has increased. The

usage of social media as a medium of information has increased (Pepitone, 2010).

People now use social media more in seeking information even about serious

subjects and topics (Westerman, et al, 2014). Social media is now not just a

platform for communication but also a source of entertainment. More people now

use the internet more frequently for fun than television programs and watching

movies. Entertainment now is a lot more different from what it used to be (Brown,

2018). It is alarming how teenagers are now spending too much time on social

media that owning a gadget where they can get access their online accounts is

now a must. The advantage of this is that teens are influencing themselves to share

their information in their mind through socializing people with people and the

drawback is that divulging too much personal information make them susceptible

to online threats (Beaton, 2013). This is why teenagers and students must know

what their actions online result to. These threats include aggressive and insulting

comments online which are sent towards peers and were most negative in terms

of the response (Whittaker, et al, 2015). Also, a systematic review revealed that

through social media the mental well-being of teens is being affected (Best, et al,
 6

2014). The potential of detecting and diagnosing major depressive disorder in

individuals are explored through social media. A compilation of reports on the risk

of depression mentions how this can be triggered by what a user may experience

with regards to how they manage their accounts (De Choudhury, 2013).

Privacy Settings Online

Social media however enables their users to have a variety of ways to

manage their posts and choose who can view their shared information. One of

these is a management arsenal called privacy settings. Google has been offering

a customizable experience for its users allowing them to have a quick access to

tool that help them with privacy management. The users get to decide how Google

helps them review the following settings. This includes minimizing the audiences

to their timeline or profile and reviewing which personal information is disclosed

online. Facebook also announced that privacy settings can now be more

personalized. Where Facebook patrons can manage which lists of groups and

audience can see their post, timeline and pictures. Among teen social media users,

most choose to partial-private settings that only allow their friends and selected

followers to view their content (Madden, et al, 2013). Beyond privacy settings,

eighty-one percent say that they do not customize their settings and that all their

followers, friends and even strangers can see the same posts. Around nine percent

of teen social media users do not show much concern of third-party accessing their

data online (Duggan, 2013). This means that these users allow everyone on

Facebook to gain access to everything found on their timeline and around nine
 7

percent of teen social media users do not show much concern of third-party

accessing their data online at all.

Social Media as a Necessity

A New York Magazine now has a “popular” column where the author shows

the ways of which social media changed the way people view fame. Concluding

that its nature has become predictable and tedious. Further stating that aiming for

popularity is now easier online (Eror, 2017). Social media is not just a “trend” it is

now an essential in our lifestyles. It gets things and jobs done a lot faster and

better. Promoting brands and products would be less expensive. Artists would

have more than one social platform to promote their music such as YouTube,

Spotify and Pandora. Some platforms build professional communities and even

provide forums on important matters. Communication has never been easier in

human history. Skype, Facebook and other applications has invented “video-

calling”, a convenient way to reach out to other people. Popular social sites also

gained attention as the most viable choice to communicate for content creators,

article writers and bloggers. Nonetheless, group discussions and forums among

teens show that their interest towards widely used social media sites is slowly

waning. This is because of their dislike towards stressful “drama” and people who

share excessively but keep using it anyways as a vital part of teenage socializing.

Teens feel obliged to use social media sites to follow the trends of socializing but

since people who over share tend to get on their nerves they result to cyberbullying

in hopes that it would stop them from committing to their habit of excessive sharing

and mismanagement of online posts.

 8

The studies compiled suggest that managing one’s secrecy is vital for

everyone especially in the context of social media. For it greatly affects students

especially when faced with online threats. Not just students but everyone else on

social media are at risk too.

 9

CHAPTER III

DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals on the overall approach of the research and its

objectives. It describes the participants and the site of the study and the sampling

technique used. It also discusses the role and responsibilities of the researchers,

the collection of data and analysis. In addition, this chapter will also show the

process on how the researchers established credibility.

Overall Approach & Rationale

The researchers used the qualitative method for this study. Qualitative

research according to Denzin (2000) is a type of inquiry or research method that

is chiefly exploratory. It implies emphasis on collecting non numerical data and is

used to seek knowledge or understanding. Also, the phenomenological approach

was the type of research design utilized. According to Lester (1999),

phenomenology is an approach that highlights information and perception on a

specific phenomenon that the participants have experienced. The researchers

sought to find the perceptions and view of the students on social media secrecy

management. This is for the researchers to understand better the reasons behind

sharing too much information online and to know the struggles and experiences of

those who have been victims of online threats due to lack of confidentiality.
 10

Site, Population Selection and Sampling Strategies

The interview and data collection was conducted at Agusan National High

School – Junior High School Department. The researchers applied the availability

sampling for this study. This strategy is a non-probability method which includes

collecting data from selected population subjects who are of accessible proximity

which makes it convenient for the researchers as mentioned by Saunders (2012).

Eleven (11) junior high school students from Agusan National High School who

were nearby and available for the interview were chosen to participate.

Access, Role, Reciprocity, Trust & Rapport

A letter was submitted to the Principal’s office asking permission to conduct

the study on school grounds. The role of the researchers was to seek and collect

data by conducting an interview and to gather all the collected information to come

up with answers to the research questions. These in return would be of benefit to

the participants as the researchers update them from time to time on the gradual

wrap-up on the study. The researchers guaranteed to the subject that

confidentiality would be observed during and after the interview. It was then

explained that the collected data would solely be for research purposes only

credited by the Agusan National High School Department. The interviewers

retained a friendly and harmonious relationship with the interviewee by maintaining

an empathetic and noncritical exterior.

 11

Ethical & Political Considerations

Ethical Considerations according to Grady (2010) are norms that

distinguishes right from wrong. These codes provide basic guidelines to avoid

misconduct. According to Bryman (2007), ethical and political considerations are

observed to avoid strain on the research process. The researchers acquired full

consent from the research participants before carrying on with the interview which

would be with honesty and transparency between the exchange of the interviewer

and interviewee. The researchers’ opinions and personal political views did not

influence or interfere the research.

Data Collection Method

The researchers used the interview technique for the data collection

method. Interview according to Brinkmann (2014) is a conversation where an

information is produced through a one-to-one interaction between the researcher

and the participant or interviewee. The research subjects were interviewed via face

to face technique. The researchers prepared questions which avoided the use of

discriminatory and offensive language. Along with that the materials needed for

conducting the research were also prepared as well as the papers needed for

jotting down the answers. After that, the interview questions were finalized and

maintained with optimum objectivity throughout the research. Participants were

then selected with voluntary participation from the research site via availability

sampling strategy. Those who are conveniently accessible and of close proximity

were chosen as interviewees.

 12

Data Analysis Procedures

The researchers recorded the interview proper and jot down notes upon

starting as well as securing an adequate level of anonymity. The participants were

reminded that confidentiality is observed and will be updated on the research. After

the interview, the responses were gathered and translated from vernacular to

English. The transcribed responses were categorized into themes corresponding

to the central question. The researchers cross checked the themes formed with

the literature review. Then, the data findings were further discussed backed up

with related literature. The results and findings were concluded and represented

sans bias.

Procedures to Address Trustworthiness & Credibility

Trustworthiness according to Olivia (2017) can be considered by

establishing the truth of a research’s findings and how applicable it is to other

contexts and circumstances. The researchers provided sufficient information of the

research context to meet the credibility criterion. The true picture of the

phenomenon was shown to address reliability. Consents were asked from the

participants prior to the interview. The participants were informed that their privacy

and comfort would be the researcher’s priority. Their anonymity also remained

undisclosed to further protect the interest of the participants.

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CHAPTER IV

RESULTS

The researchers gathered the responses and data through the conducted

interview. The responses were transcribed and formed into themes. Here are the

following:

Theme No. 1. People post hastily on social media despite knowing its risks.

Social Media is platform where its users are able to choose and decide what to

post. These ranges from shallow and public to deep and personal. Personal and

confidential matters in this theme is highlighted because according to Participant

A, “if naay mo contradict, dira magsugod ang mga hate, bash and something like

that “(if there are cases of contradiction that’s where the hate, bash and etc. would

start). Those are possible outcomes when posting but participant A still posts them

anyway. Posts can be contradicted by the opinions of others especially personal

and private matters that are on public display. A person must know when or not to

post something that’s too personal to avoid confrontation and conflict. Participant

B stated, “di kayo ko naga-share sa akong personal na mga things pero if ever

mahitabo na murag mafeel nako nga murag free ko. (I rarely share anything

personal but if that ever happens I’d feel a sense of freedom). She barely posts

anything personal but if she does she would enjoy her freedom and not care about

what happens next.

 14

Theme No. 2. Posting is a medium of disseminating information. Through

social media we are able to share and receive information. Word travels fast online

whether it’s trivial, vital or personal information. During the interview, participant A

replied “para mabal-an nila akong gipang-post (so that they would be informed of

my posts). He said, social Media is a platform where he can post to inform people.

Similarly, participant B stated that through posting she can share information. She

said posting is a must, “para lang pud mainform sila kung unsay nahitabo sa akong

life” (to notify the people what has been going on in my life). While participant B

also mentioned “gusto nako maexpress akong na feel” (I want to be able to express

how I feel). She said she often posts pictures and videos with her in it. Expressing

how she feels through posts help her inform people of how she is doing. These

pictures and videos could be pieces of information that other people can benefit

from. All the participants have stated that by managing their posts they are able to

display information on their timelines and choose its audience. This would mean

that users find social media a great choice to inform and share details.

Theme No. 3. One does not know the consequences of their actions online.

What happens online is a matter of choices and decisions. Social media users

should be aware of the consequences of what they do or say online. This is a must

especially to those who are frequently on social media. Participant A said “I find

posting fun. I’m an attention seeker” (Posting is something I enjoy since I love the

attention). Followed by her statement “I just post anything, whatever I want. It’s

me. It’s my freedom. I have free will and I know what I’m doing” (I practice my

freedom by posting what I want because I know what I’m doing). She hinted that
 15

she knows her limits which is why she’s not afraid of whatever she has to post.

She had received destructive criticism before and responded, “B*tch, I don’t care.”

Her responsible filtering of posts enables her to accept any consequences she has

to face online.

Theme No. 4. Posts are products of boredom. Being online doesn’t need a

concrete reason sometimes. This is also the case with public display of information

that sometimes are confidential. Participant A declared he needs no reason to

share anything online saying it’s all “char char lang” (it’s all just for fun). He doesn’t

have any motive of sharing any useful information. As participant B mentioned that

his reasons for posting is “wala lang, char char” (nothing, just for the sake of

posting). His actions defined as an act of tedium. Participant C, however, stated

that he shares personal details that are “puro kabuang, mga kataw-anan ra kanang

mahappy pod sila” (mostly foolish things that would entertain people and give them

a reason to smile or laugh). Secret or not, if it’s something that would make people

laugh he doesn’t mind saying it’s all “trip lang” (just for fun). With relevance to the

theme, participant D expressed his opinion to why he manages to post publicly

saying “wala, gusto lang nako nay ma share” (I have no specific reason, I just like

to share). Similarly, participant E declared his posts are for everyone to see “para

makasabay pod, wala man sad masuko kung mag-post ko” (to catch up with the

trends, no has complained about my posts anyways). Citing that his boredom

allows him to just post something that’s in with the latest trends. All of the

aforementioned are to state that the participants manage to post personal and

confidential matters for the sake of posting and out of boredom.

 16

Theme No. 5. Social media platform is a ladder to a higher social hierarchy

status. As much as some people want to be famous in reality, some people do

want to be one even online. One can be famous in person and online. Once you

establish a recognizable reputation online you are most likely to be social media

famous. Participant A says “I’m an attention seeker” further stating that if she was

famous, she would gain more attention. Social media users have different reasons

on being online frequently. One of this is to become popular. Popularity boosts a

person’s ego and it gives them a sense of familiarity. Some people want fame

because they enjoy the attention. Participant B declared that one of the reasons

behind minimal control of secrecy online is “para mosikat I think” (I think this is to

gain fame). He said his posts are “bisag unsa ra gud” (Anything, really). Posting

on social media especially vulgar and personal information catches attention

faster. Taking risks in posting doesn’t ensure rocket-high fame but it does catch

people’s attention. Once you neglect your intense control over managing

confidentiality online and establish a reputation then one is bound for publicity.

Even if its bad publicity, it still is publicity.

 17

CHAPTER V

DISCUSSION

The data collected from the interview generated themes that answered the

central question. The first theme formed by the researchers “People post hastily

on social media despite knowing its risks” is supported by Duggan (2013) which

stated that “This means that these users allow everyone on Facebook to gain

access to everything found on their timeline and around nine percent of teen social

media users do not show much concern of third-party accessing their date online

at all”. This means that the consequences do not concern the users despite the

constant reminders on online safety from social media thus the negligence on

secrecy and confidentiality. The second theme formed “Posting is a medium of

disseminating information” resembles with the line “People now uses social media

more in seeking information even about serious subjects and topics” (Westerman,

et al, 2014). Posting as defined by Westerman is another method of accumulating

vital information and facts.

The researchers theme 3 “One must know the consequences of their

actions online” is similar to (Beaton, 2013) which stated that “The advantage of this

is that teens are influencing themselves to share their information in their mind

through socializing people and the drawback is that divulging too much personal

information make them susceptible to online threats. Therefore, teenagers and

students must know what their actions online result to.” The researchers theme 4

“Posts are products of boredom” is backed up by (Brown, 2018), “Social media is

now not just a platform for communication but also a source of entertainment. More
 18

people use the internet more frequently for fun than television programs and

watching movies. Entertainment now is a lot more different from what it used to

be.”

The fifth theme “Social media platform is a ladder to a higher social

hierarchy status” is congruent to the statement, “A New York Magazine now has a

“popular” column where the author shows the ways of which social media changed

the way people view fame. Concluding that its nature has become predictable and

tedious. Further stating that aiming for popularity is now easier online (Eror, 2017)”.
 19

Implications for Educational Practice

Based on the themes and conclusions yielded from the data collected there

are several implications. The published research can serve as a source of

information for students, teachers, future researchers, etc. especially those who

focus on searching knowledge on student’s management of secrecy and

confidentiality in the social media platform. Also, parts of this research can serve

as a reference to future studies. Students can expand their understanding on the

perils of poor and irresponsible management of their social media accounts and

also how to avoid these threats. From this, adults like parents and teachers can

grasp more about the experience and hazards that students have faced online due

to secrecy. This way they could protect and guide the students for them to be safe

while using social media.

Recommendations for Future Researchers

Throughout the duration of conducting this research, the researchers were

able to identify recommendations for future researchers. These include topics that

are relevant to this research but beyond its scope. This study only focuses on the

perceptions of students on the management of secrecy and confidentiality in the

social media platform. During the data collection, a few topics for future research

were generated from the responses of the participants. Future researchers may

conduct a study on the perceptions of teenagers on online conflicts or the unheard

voices of online discrimination victims. A study on the perceptions of the mass on

the lack of privacy between couples on social media can also be conducted.

Another topic which is less relevant but related anyways is a research study on the
 20

perceptions of social media users on netizens intervening with everything online.

The results of this study is also recommended as a reference for future studies.

Concluding Remarks

Throughout the duration of conducting the research there were several

discoveries in which the researchers can reflect from. There were a lot of options

and phenomena to choose from, a few times the other members argued on which

topic to consider. Positively, the leader was able to look for the purpose on why

this specific phenomenon should be studied. During the time when the researchers

had to choose a topic and generate titles, it was also the same week that a scandal

was trending online concerning a junior high school student. This specific incident

triggered a fear from the students and even the researchers themselves. It was

then that management of secrecy and sharing personal information online was

considered as an experience that should be described in which the researchers

took the task to do it themselves. After the researchers finally agreed on the chosen

topic, some members were able to realize just how practical and significant this

research could be. This study is after-all relatable. The other researchers at first

took this research lightly but as they got to speak with the participants they started

to become fully immersed to the task. It was not easy for them to work with different

personalities since it was a long and grueling process. After the interview was

conducted, the researchers were able to comprehend how beneficial this study is

not just to the future researchers but also the researchers themselves.
 21

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 26

APPENDICES
Appendix A
Interview Guide
Time of Interview: ________________

Date: _____________________
Place: Agusan National High Schoool, Butuan City
Interviewer: Students of Agusan National High School – SHS Department

Interviewee: ________________________________________________
This study is entitled: “Kiss and Tell: A Phenomenological Study on
Students Management of Secrecy and Confidentiality in the Social Media
Platform”. This seeks to find the answers to research questions relevant to how
students manage their secrecy and confidentiality online specifically on social
media. Below are the questions to be used during the interview proper:

• How do students manage secrecy and confidentiality in the social

media platform?
1). How often do you post on your social media account?
2). What do you usually share online?
3). What settings do you use on your account?
• Why do student’s share excessive personal information online?
1.) What do you think of when clicking “post?”
2.) When do you feel like posting something personal online?
3.) Why do you post personal details on your social media account?
• How do students react to the comments of other people towards their
posts?
1). What do you feel when you see someone leaving a negative comment
on your post?
2). How do you react towards negative comments and posts about you on
social media?
3). What will you do when these kind of things happen to you?
 27

Appendix B
Participant’s Consent
“KISS AND TELL: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY ON STUDENTS’
MANAGEMENT OF SECRECY AND CONFIDENTIALITY IN THE SOCIAL
MEDIA PLATFORM”
Dear Participants,
You are invited to participate in a research study conducted by the
Humanities and Social Sciences Students from Agusan National High School –
Senior High School Department. The purpose of this research is to know how
students manage their secrecy and confidentiality on social media, why they
choose to post personal information online and how this affects them.
Your participation will involve a face-to-face interview and will be recorded
to generate answers. It will then be transcribed and classified into themes which
will provide answers for the research questions.
There are no known risks associated with your participation in this study.
Optimum objectivity will be observed at all times. Your privacy will be ensured and
will be a priority to us. We will ensure you that we will prioritize your comfort and
anonymity. Your identity will remain confiden8tial and no information from the
interview will be disclosed publicly.
Your participation in this research study is voluntary. You have the choice
to withdraw any time and refuse to answer any question without any consequence
of any kind. Also, my participation on this research will allow me to receive updates
on the progress of the research.
I have read this consent form and voluntarily agree to participate in
this research study.
Participant’s signature: _____________________
Date: ____________________
Researcher’s signature:
SOL SOPHIA ANGELINE C. ALVIZO
ALVIN JHON B. DUMANON
DEANNE JANE MAGSANAY
HERA S. TORRALBA
IAN GABRIEL T. YGOT
 28

Appendix C
Transmittal Letter
Department of Education
Caraga Administrative Region
Division of Butuan City
Agusan National High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
January 30, 2018
DR. EDUARDO G. CORRO
PRINCIPAL IV
AGUSAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
BUTUAN CITY
SIR,
We are researchers from Agusan National High School – Senior High
School Department, Humanities and Social Sciences strand. We are currently
working on our research study entitled, “Kiss and Tell: A Phenomenological
Study on Student’s Management of Secrecy and Confidentiality in the Social
Media Platform”. This study seeks to know how students manage their social
media accounts on the context of secrecy and confidentiality and how reactions to
their posts affect them.
In line with this, we would like to ask your good office to allow us to conduct
our study and interview inside the Agusan National High School campus and to
include the students for a voluntary participation. Your consideration to this request
is will very much be appreciated.
Thank you and God bless
THE RESEARCHERS
Sol Sophia Angeline C. Alvizo
Alvin Jhon B. Dumanon
Deanne Jane G. Magsanay
Hera S. Torralba
Ian Gabriel T. Ygot
Noted By:
LEX MICHEAL LU GUIRITAN, MATEng
Research Adviser

Approved By:
EDUARDO G. CORRO, Hum.D.
Principal IV
Agusan National High School
 29

Appendix C
Documentation
 30

Appendix D
Transcriptions and Translations of the Interviews

How do students manage secrecy and confidentiality in the social media platform?

-Unsa nga settings imong gigamit sa imong social media account or post?

-Kung nakapublic, ngano ipost man jud ang mga sekreto/personal na

detalye ug kung dili ngano man sad?

-Unsa man kasagaran nimo ipost sa imong social media account?

Why do students share excessive personal information online?

-Unsay naa sa imong hunahuna kung imong pinduton ang post?

-Kung naay muchat sa imo bahin sa iyang sekreto or personal na detalye

unsa ang imong buhaton?

-Nganong ipost man nimo ang imong mga personal na detalye online?

How do students react to the comments of other people towards their posts?

-Unsay imong mabati kung naay mu-comment nga negatibo sa imong

gipost?

-Unsay imong matubag sa mga negatibo na comments sa imo online?

-Unsay imong buhaton kung kani mahitabo sa imo?

Participant A:

-Sa facebook nakacostumize sa family nya sa twitter naka public (On

facebook it is costumized to my family and on twitter it’s on public).

-From my perspective, kanang magpost ug personal nga mga like imohang

own opinions bitaw kay gusto lang siguro nila ishare ang kuan ang
something nga naa sa ilaha kay basig naa puy makarelate pero kay opinion
raman siya so naa puy murag mo-contradict. Naka pait lang ana is if
naay mo-contradict, dira magsugod ang mga hate, bash and something like
 31

that so mao nang makaingon kog kung magsay kag something opinionated
sa social media especially sa twitter and facebook makacause siya ug
uproar labi na sa mga millennials. (From my perspective, those who post
their personal opinions are those who probably want to share something
that is theirs because maybe someone can relate but since it’s just an
opinion someone will contradict. The negative side of it is if there are cases
of contradiction that’s where the hate, bash, and etc. will start. That’s why if
you say something opinionated on social media especially on twitter and
facebook it might cause an uproar especially with millennials)

-Relation sa facebook di man kaayo ko magpost ug status mostly mga

share lang jud ko ug photos ug status from other people or pages. Sa twitter
is, dili kayo ko nagashare ug something deeper sa akong personal life.
Murag something mabaw lang like magshare kos experiences ani nga
day pero to the point nga about na sa akong gusto gyud like more deep
about myself kay dili na nako ganahan magpost kay its something
confidential naman jud. (In relation with facebook I don’t really post much
status, mostly theyre just photos and other people’s posts or pages. On
twitter however I don’t share much about my personal life. Usually they’re
something shallow like sharing my experiences for the day but I don’t really
like posting things about myself since its confidential)

-Naay usahay ate nga like tungod bitaw sa kakuan makaingun gid ko nga
ipost nalang ni nako kay murag ing-ani gid, diha gid ko nakafeel nga ing-ani
jud siya. Unya naay sometimes magduhaduha ko kay basig tungod ani
daghan na nooy malain ang hunahuna pero there are times nga taman ra
siya drafts iexit nalang siya kay murag, ay ayaw nalang kay ma wrong ta
ani. Mostly kanang madala ta sa emotions kay ipangdelete ra gihapon after
ang mga posts (Often times I end up posting it when I get caught off guard.
Then there are times when I get second thoughts maybe because of this
someone woud be offended. Sometimes it ends up in drafts and I just exit
 32

because it might cause a commotion. Usually when I get carried away, I end
up deleting it)

-Kung people gid nga wala ko kaila kay usahay I screenshot it, I’ll send it to
my friends kay ma shookt man jud ta kay wala ko kaila nimo, you’re a
stranger tas mokalit raka ug send saako ana. So murag mostly murag ma
creep-out ko mashare gyud nako siya sa lain tao. Pwede pod adelete or
iarchive ra nako siya kay like lain siya tan-awon sa akong messages (If its
someone I really don’t know I often screenshot it and send it to my friends
because I get shocked that a stranger would message me.)

-Mostly kay sa mga tao siguro ate, ilang pagthink kay gusto lang nila
iexpress ilang ishare wala gyud sila’y intention nga mura bitawg mangdaot.
Saila lang gyud part kay nalipay lang sila ba nga naay ing-ani sa ilaha so
ilang ishare. Unya in social media, lahi gyud ang perspective sa each
person so naay uban hala okay positive, pero naay uban murag negative
kaayo. So like saako, kung magpost kog ing-ana it’s something nga murag
deep nga mura bitwg natagawan lang gud sia sa ilahang gishare publicly.
(I think it depends on the person, they might want to share without the
intention of hurting someone. On their part it gives them happiness to share
something. Then on social media everyone’s perspective differs from
positive to negative. So if I post something deep then it would feel like the
first time)

-Depend, usahaya maybe mahurt. Pwede pud nga ma enrage ko or masuko

ko ana nga person and pwede pod kay murag wala passive lang kay
depende sa flow of emotions sakong post diha pod ko magbase unsaon
pagreply niya ug unsa akong mafeel (It depends, sometimes it hurts. I could
also feel enraged or furious at the person and I could just react passively
depending on the flow of emotions)

-Saako man jud nga type na person, pagmasuko ko mutira gid ko nga
kanang murag muchat pero if kanang palampuson pa kalmahon nako
akong self ako rang iignore or mostly in a logical way replyan nalang nako
 33

siya nga pakalma. Di nalang ko mubalos nga masuko pako ug ayo kay
mudako ang away. (I’m the type of person who only attacks someone when
I’m mad through chats but if I could calm myself then I would just ignore or
talk to the person in a logical way)

-Mostly labi na if nakabalo ko nga ang akong friends ila rang gi do ilang part
masuko ko and to the point na ma hurtz pod ko sa ilang side ila raman
tarong gibuhat is maningkamot tong bitaw nga naay silay maexpress unya
naa nalang dayuy hate nga madawatan. Masad sad ko nga mga suko nga
something nga makaingon nalang pod kog pasagdan nalang kay mao
raman gihaon if patulan napod nako ug saakong mga friends modako na
hinuon unya kami pay madautan. (If it’s about how my friends know, it’s just
them doing their part. On my side I think their action is just for them to
express and instead receive hate. I’d feel sad and mad about it and maybe
just let it be since whatever we do may backfire)

-Nadala lang sad sa iyang kasuko kay dili man pod dali nga murag
makawatan/makasala bitaw ka labi na if dako jud siya either naa lang gid
siya nga na hurtz lang gid na siya to the point nga gipost niya publicly. Sa
isa ka friend, labi na ig left out siya. Gusto lang siguro niyag attention. (That
would be because one is too carried away with anger that he/she ends up
posting something public. Especially if that person is left out and probably
just wants attention)

Participant B:

-Public

-Wala lang, para Makita sa uban. (Nothing. Just for people to see it)

-About fam.

-Bisag unsa ra. LMS mga ana. (Anything, such as LMS)

-Tagatype nako sure na gyud. (I’m always sure of what I type)

-Iprivate ako. (I’ll set it to private)

 34

-Wala lang para. Makita sa uban (Nothing. Just for people to see it)

-Balewalaon ra nako sila. Balewalaon ra. (I won’t mind them)

-Di nila apil-apilon akong pamilya kay wa raba nanghilabot akong pamilya
sa ila. (They should leave my family out of this because my parents didn’t
do anything to them)

-Tambagan. (I’ll give advice to him/her)

Participant C:

-Naka-public. (Public)

-Kay para mainform lang pud sila kung unsay nahitabo sa akong life. (To
notify people what has been going on in my life)

-Pictures lang. Magchange ug profile. Magshare ug posts. Mao ra. (Pictures

only. Changing my profile picture and share posts. That’s all)

-Tan-awon pod nako if dapat ba na i-share or dili (I’ll check it first if it’s
appropriate or not)

-Dili. Amo-amo lang duha. (No. It will be just between us)

-Murag proud ko sa akong self (I would actually feel flattered)

-Masakitan, of course pero dili nalang patulan. (It will hurt for sure but I won’t
confront them anyway)

-Tao raman sad ko, masayop ra sad ko, parehas raman tang tanan. Dili
man gyud ta perfect (I’m only human, I also make mistakes in life, we’re all
the same. No one’s perfect)

-Malain kay of couse nagtrust ko sa tao. (I would be upset, because of

course I trust the person)
 35

Participant D:

-Public

-Para musikat, I think (I think this is to gain fame)

-Kanang bisag unsa gud (Random. Anything)

-Wala. Dilli. Gora na. (Nothing. No. I’ll post right away)

-Dili. Wala. Amo-amo ra gyud (No, Nothing. It’ll be just between us).

-Char char (Just for fun)

-Wala lang, Iblock, (Nothing, I’ll block them)

-I-roast, lisod pod bright baya (I would roast them)

-Dili ako nalang tana to. (No, I hope it was me instead)

Participant E:

-Public, really public.

-Because I have free will and I know what I’m doing.

-Gym, sports, any occasions and visit some places that I can go or post on
IG/twitter/ eve tell about my life.

-Maybe. If I saw that something interests me, yes.

-No way. Seriously, it’ll end their life/career like seriously it will ruin their life.

-Maybe both. Fun and I’m an attention seeker.

-I don’t care. I just post anything, whatever I want. It’s me, it’s my freedom
duh.

-B*tch, I don’t care. I’m hot. I’m fab.

-Well good luck for the truth, I guess.

 36

Participant F:

-Friends

-To share to people what I, kanang kung unsay akong I – (To share what I
want)

-God posts

-Like akong huna-hunaon if sakto ba jud siya para sa tanan (I would really
think if its right to post it for everyone to see)

-No. Ako sang hunahunaon if pwede siya sa tanan.(No, I’d think things
through if its for everyone)

-For me, never pako ana nga panghitabo. Di baya ko nagashare sa akong
mga personal nga mga things. Pero if ever mahitabo na murag mafeel nako
mga murag free, ana (It hasn’t happened to me yet. I rarely share anything
personal but if that ever happens I’d feel a sense of freedom.

-Murag ma down ko sa akong self. Pero instead madown ko sa ako self,

ako iprove bitaw nga dili ko ing-ana nga ila ginegative. and ako siya
iconfront if unsa diay iya gikalainan sa ako ngano kaingon siya nga ing-
ato ko.(I would feel down but instead of moping I would prove to people that
I won’t be affected with negativity and I would confront the person and ask
what upsets him or her to do something like that to me.)

-Murag malain ko kay private rajud dapat, unya ngano ishare pa sa lain. (I
would somehow be upset. It’s something provide and shouldn’t be shared
to other people)

Participant G:

-Public. It depends sa akong ipost. (Public. It depends on my post)

-Pero dili man ko magpost ug mga sekreto sekreto in public. Wala lang,
char char. (I don’t post secrets in public. It’s all just for fun)

-Pictures, posts.
 37

-Sometimes, if akong post kung angay ba or dili. (Before I post something,

sometimes I think if it’s good or not)

-Tagaan nako siyag advice ngano gibuhat to niya. (I’ll give him/her advice
why’d she did that)

-Char char ra. (It’s all just for fun)

-Malain ko, ako idelete. Masungayan ko, di ko gusto masuko. (I would get
offended, I would end up deleting my post. I will get provoked, I don’t wanna
be mad)

-I don’t f*cking care.

-Sturyahon nako ang nagkuan ana nga i-stop kay dili mana maayo. (I’ll
confront them directly to stop leaving negative comments because it’s not
good)

Participant H:

-Public

-Wala, gusto lang nako para mashare. (I just post something to share it to
everyone)

-Usahay feelings, sayaw ug mga videos. (Sometimes I post about what I

feel, and dance videos)

-Daghan nay mosud sa imong hunahuna. If ako na ipost, mugawas sa

akong huna huna basin naay mojudge sako. (There are lot of things in my
mind. If I’ll post something, maybe someone will judge me)

-Pasagdaan ra kay mokalat na nuog samot kay basin managhan, daghan

nay mokuan. (I’ll just leave them because it will spread like a plague)

-Para mashare. Gusto lang nako. (For the sake of sharing. I just want to)

-Malain, of course. Masuko. (I’ll be upset, of course. And get mad)

 38

-Wala pasagdaan lang. Motubag pero dili ng suko gid kay mao may ila. (I’ll
just leave them alone. I would confront them but I wouldn’t be so mad)

-Of course ma disappoint. (Of course I’ll be disappointed)

Participant I:

-Public, para daghay makakita pero dili tanan kay naay uban e costumize.
(Public, so a lot of people can see it but not all of my posts are on public,
some of them are costumized)

-Trip lang, wala man lingaw. (Just for fun because I’m bored)

-Puro kabuang, mga kataw-anan ra kanang ma happy pod sila. (Mostly

foolish, things that would entertain people and give them a reason to smile
or laugh)

-Diretso post (Post directly)

-Dili kay ako raman iyang gi-shareran iprivate ra nako, ako ra pasagdan.

-Trip lang. (Just for fun)

-Para sa ako kay gara-garaon man ko, depende man pod na sa tao. (I’m a
person who loves to fool around, which is why it depends on a person)

-Mobaws pud ko, dili ko masuko kay una-unahon man pud ko. (I’ll get back
at them. I won’t get mad because I’m the one who starts it)

-Depende sa iyang gi paagi kung bastos ba or dili (It depends on the way
he/she reacts if it is offending or not)

Participant J:

-Public

-Para mabal-an nila akong gipang post (So that they would know about my
posts)

-Mga picture kanang naa koy mga kauban (Pictures with my friends)
 39

-Wala man pud masuko kung magpost ko (No one has complained about
my posts anyways)

-Dili, amo ra jud kay pm man (No, it will remain just between the both of us)

-Para maka sabay pud (To go with the flow)

-Masuko, kay miskan wala gi hilabtan (I would get mad because I didn’t do
anything)

-“Gi unsa diay ka, wala man tika giunsa” (What did I do to you? I never did
anything to you)

-Murag masuko ko (I would get angry)

Participant K:

-Public

-Public guro kay gusto nako maexpress akong na feel (Public, maybe
because I want to express how I feel)

-Mga LMS ug kanang magshare ug pictures, quotes or videos (Usually I

share pictures, quotes and videos)

-Sometimes magduhaduha ko kung ipost ba nako or dili (Sometimes I get

second thought on whether to post it or not)

-Ikeep nalang nako te kay murag mao man jud ang angay na buhaton. Gi-
trust ko niya ana nga sekreto so akong i-keep (I would keep it to myself
since it feels like the right thing to do. My friend trusted me with that secret
so ofcourse I’d keep it)

-Kuan makaquestion ko kay ngano nagareact sila ug negative sa akong

post nga nagexpress raman kos akong mafeel (I would question myself why
they would react negatively to my post especially if I was just expressing
how I feel)
 40

-Mag-ask lang ilaha ngano ga-comment sila ug negative (I would ask them
instead why they left a negative comment)

-Maulit, kay lain pod sa akong part na kong amigo/amiga gadaot niya
magquestion pod ko kay ngano gapost siya ana. Maoffend ko kay ngano
ga post/comment siyag negative sa akoa. (I get pissed off since it is insulting
on my part that my friend would be ruined. I’d also question myself why
he/she would post that. I’d be offended as to why that person posted a
negative comment about me.)
 41

Appendix E
Theming Table

THEMES A B C D E
Personal if naay mo di kayo ko
Information contradict, naga-share
must be kept dira sa akong
confidential magsugod personal
ang mga na mga
hate, bash things pero
and if ever
something mahitabo
like that na murag
mafeel
nako nga
murag free
ko
Posting is a para lang gusto nako
medium of pud maexpress
disseminating mainform akong na
information sila kung feel
unsay
nahitabo sa
akong life
In managing I just post
social media anything,
accounts, whatever I
one must want. It’s
take full me. It’s my
responsibility freedom. I
have free
will and I
know what
I’m doing
Posts are char char wala lang, puro para
products of lang char char kabuang, makasabay
boredom mga pod, wala
kataw- man sad
anan ra masuko
kanang kung mag-
mahappy post ko
pod sila
 42

Social media para I’m an

platform is a mosikat I attention
ladder to a think seeker
higher social
hierarchy
status.
 38

CURRICULUM VITAE

I. Personal Information

Name: Sol Sophia Angeline C. Alvizo

Birthdate: December 22, 1999

Age: 18 years old

Parents: Mr. and Mrs. Angelo C. Alvizo

Address: P. 2, Lower Bonbon, Butuan City

II. Educational Background

Name of School S.Y. Honors Received

CFC- School of the Morning Star 2012-2013 First Honorable Mention

Agusan National High School 2013-2014 With Honors

Agusan National High School 2014-2015 With Honors

Agusan National High School 2015-2016 With Honors

Agusan National High School 2016-2017 With High Honors

Agusan National High School 2017-2018 With High Honors

 39

Curriculum Vitae

I. Personal Information

Name: Alvin Jhon B. Dumanon

Birthdate: June 27, 2000

Age: 17 years old

Parents: Mr. and Mrs. Alejandro P. Dumanon

Address: P. 5A, Baan Riverside, Butuan City

II. Educational Background

Name of School S.Y. Honors Received

Riverside Central Elementary School 2012-2013 -

Riverside Integrated Secondary School 2013-2014 -

Riverside Integrated Secondary School 2014-2015 -

Riverside Integrated Secondary School 2015-2016 -

Riverside Integrated Secondary School 2016-2017 -

Agusan National High School 2017-2018 With Honors

 40

Curriculum Vitae

I. Personal Information

Name: Deanne Jane G. Magsanay

Birthdate: August 22, 2000

Age: 17 years old

Parents: Mr. and Mrs. Angelo T. Magsanay

Address: P. 3 Resserecion Comp. Brgy 23. Holy Redeemer, Butuan City

II. Educational Background

Name of School S.Y. Honors Received

Butuan Central Elementary School 2012-2013 -

Agusan National High School 2013-2014 -

Agusan National High School 2014-2015 -

Agusan National High School 2015-2016 -

Agusan National High School 2016-2017 -

Agusan National High School 2017-2018 -

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Curriculum Vitae

I. Personal Information

Name: Hera S. Torralba

Birthdate: June 19, 2000

Age: 17 years old

Parents: Mr. Hector L. Torralba & Emma S. Torralba

Address: 351 Makiangayon Agusan Pequeño, Butuan City

II. Educational Background

Name of School S.Y. Honors Received

Butuan Central Elementary School 2012-2013 -

Agusan National High School 2013-2014 -

Agusan National High School 2014-2015 With Honors

Agusan National High School 2015-2016 -

Agusan National High School 2016-2017 -

Agusan National High School 2017-2018 -

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Curriculum Vitae

I. Personal Information

Name: Ian Gabriel T. Ygot

Birthdate: November 6, 1999

Age: 18 years old

Parents: Mr. and Mrs. Cueto T. Ygot

Address: P-19 Mauswagon, Brgy. Pagatpatan, Butuan City

II. Educational Background

Name of School S.Y. Honors Received

Pedro-Victorina Calo Elementary School 2012-2013 -

Agusan National High School 2013-2014 -

Agusan National High School 2014-2015 -

Agusan National High School 2015-2016 -

Agusan National High School 2016-2017 -

Agusan National High School 2017-2018 -