Abstract

This experiment consists of three parts; comparison between these three

types of pumps will be made. These pumps are: centrifugal, axial and
turbine pumps. They will be compared according to their performance
curve, most efficient conditions for each pump type also to understand the
relation between the pressure head and the flow rate.
In axial pumps it has been the most uniform one in changing the pressure
head according to the volumetric flow rate and the less error in measuring
the flow rate.

Results and discussion

1. Centrifugal pump

Pressure
Pressure Pressure Flow
head
RPM (in) (out) Rate
(P(out) -
(m H2O) (m H2O) (L/s)
P(in))
750 0.0 1.0 0.396 1.0
750 0.0 1.2 0.324 1.2
750 0.0 1.4 0.136 1.4
1000 -0.1 1.6 0.681 1.7
1000 0.0 2.0 0.484 2.0
1000 0.0 2.4 0.214 2.4
1250 -0.2 2.4 0.751 2.6
1250 -0.1 3.0 0.638 3.1
1250 0.0 3.8 0.196 3.8
(Data taken from: Appendix 1)
-As noticed, as the volumetric flow rate increase the pressure head
decrease (They’re inversely related), but the lower pump speed the
sharper decrease in the pressure head.
-Centrifugal pumps take a single input and output fluids, a change in
pressure is created by the impellers moving the fluid from the inlet to the
outlet.
-Centrifugal pumps can have more than one stage; the number of stages
determines how many impellers are present in the pump
-Centrifugal pumps are ordinary and give satisfactory and economic
services, so they are better suited than the other pumps for pumping
dirty or viscous liquids.

*Advantages and disadvantages:

-Advantages:
1-Uniform flow (very steady).
2-Handles all types of fluids.
3-Can be mounted horizontally or vertically.

-Disadvantages:
1-Reducing performance when handling viscous fluids (can successfully
pump viscous fluids but it reduces its performance).
2-Can only handle small amounts of gases in liquids.
3-Not effective for high velocities.
 2. Turbine pump

Pressure
Pressure Pressure Flow
head
RPM (in) (out) Rate
(P(out) -
(m H2O) (m H2O) (L/s)
P(in))
750 -0.20 1.00 0.258 1.20
750 -0.05 3.00 0.146 3.05
750 0.00 4.00 0.103 4.00
1000 -1.40 1.00 0.463 2.40
1000 -0.55 6.00 0.278 6.55
1000 0.00 12.00 0.033 12.00
1250 -2.20 1.00 0.566 3.20
1250 -0.60 10.00 0.290 10.60
1250 0.00 16.00 0.180 16.00
(Data taken from: Appendix 1)

-As shown, it is clear that the relation in turbine pump has more chance
(compared to the centrifugal pump) to be noticed, the turbine has the
more volumetric flow rate according to the pressure head. When it is
operating at low speed, a small decrease in the pressure head increases
the flow rate.
-In turbine pumps the fluids entering through the bottom are pushed by
the impellers towards the outside, and are then sucked up through the
outlet.

*Advantages and disadvantages:

-Advantages:
1-Transports high volumes in short time.
2-Has only one moving part.
3-Quit (not noisy).

-Disadvantages:
1-Densitive to dirts.
2-Does not ease rapidly with decreasing flow rate.
*Centrifugal and turbine pumps: how the data was obtained:
The device was connected and the pump valve was opened, the rubber
was plugged, the pump and the central valve were opened, motor speed
was settled.
Inlet and outlet pressure readings were collected, and the volumetric
flow rate was calculated.
Motor speed was increased and the procedure was repeated.

3. Axial pump

Pressure Pressure
Height
RPM (in) (out)
(mm)
(m H2O) (m H2O)
750 0.00 0.01 32.0
750 0.00 0.06 20.0
750 0.00 0.10 8.0
1000 0.00 0.01 42.0
1000 0.00 0.10 33.0
1000 0.00 0.20 27.0
1250 0.00 0.01 53.0
1250 0.00 0.25 41.0
1250 0.00 0.38 30.0
(Data taken from: Appendix 2)

As shown in the axil pump results above, it has been the most uniform
one in changing the pressure head according to the volumetric flow rate
and the less error in measuring the flow rate.
Flow rate was calculated by applying the following formula:
Q = C x (2/3) x (B) x (2g)½ x H x e(3/2).
Where: C is constant = 0.6
H is the height of water (mm).
B is the width = 0.05 m.

*Axial pump: how the data was obtained:

The rubber plug was removed, the pump valve was closed and then
switched off
The tooth edge rive was connected, the axial pump valve was opened
and the motor speed was settled.
The height of fluid was measured and the pressure was also obtained, the
procedure was then repeated.
Two persons were reading the flow rate at the level of capillary, one
watching the level of water to sure that the level is exactly on the edge of
the capillary and the other was reading the scale.
 Conclusions:
1. The speed (r.p.m) is proportional with the volumetric flow rate;
also (Q) is proportional with the head required for flow.

2. The centrifugal pump has the highest flow rate compared with
other pumps.

3. In the axial pump, the tank is on head or above the pump.

4. Number of revolutions in the motor is proportional with

number of revolutions of the pumps.

5. In centrifugal pump the pressure is increased at the same flow

by connecting more than one pump in series or used multistage
pump.

6. In centrifugal pump the flow is increased at the same pressure

by connecting more than one pump in parallel.

Recommendations:

I have no recommendations.

References:

AL-MAHASNEH, M.
Manual of Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
In-text: (Al-Mahasneh, 2019)
Your Bibliography: Al-Mahasneh, M. (2019). Manual of Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. 1st ed. [ebook] Irbid:
JUST University, pp.44,45,46,47,48,49,50. Available at: http://Elearning.just.edu.jo [Accessed 10 Jul.
2019].
Appendices:

(Appendix 1)
Sample calculations:

Flow rate (Q) = Volume (L) / Time (s)

(Q) = 5 (L) / 12.6 (s)
= 0.396 (L/s)
 (Appendix 2)

Sample calculations:

Flow rate (Q) = C x (2/3) x (B) x (2g)½ x H x e(3/2).

Q = 0.6 x (2/3) x 0.05 x (2*9.81)½ x (32/100) x e(3/2)
Q = 0.031 m³/s .