Mobile Backhaul using GPON

Luke Goh
Snr Project Systems Engineer

May 2010
Mobile Backhaul Trends

• Base stations deployments increasing

• Greater backhaul needs (more Mbps) per base station
Annual Voice minutes growing > 5% /year
Data users growing (>20% ARPU by 2011)
• Backhaul pricing pressure
15% of OPEX growing to 25%
• Mixed IP and TDM traffic
ODN – Centralized vs Cascade

• GPON uses optical power splitting to reduce the distribution

cable at the ODN

• ODN (Optical Distribution Network) based on centralized

splitting that serves well for FTTH typical application may not
be suitable for Mobile backhauling application
Centralized ODN

Optical Splitter
OLT ONU #3

F1 Feeder Cable
ONU #2

ONU #1
GPON

Cascade ODN

Optical Splitter
ONU #3
OLT

F1 Feeder Cable ONU #2

ONU #1
GPON
 3GPP Rel 4 and 5
Signaling & Traffic
3GPP Release 4

Old MSC,
Now
Release 4 Goals: Softswitch
- Separate user data from ISUP
signaling VLR HLR over ISUP over
IP
- Allow subrate transport MSC GMSC SGW
PCM
MAP MAP
through wireless network Server Server

BSS (GSM, GPRS) ATM or IP

PSTN
Megaco H.248 Megaco H.248

BTS BSC ATM Media Media

PCM
Gateway Gateway
RTP 13 64 kbps
BTS BSC PCU kbps
ATM
Traffic
Signaling

Node SGSN
B RNC FA Public
Internet

GGSN FW Private
ATM Internet
Node FA HA
B AAA
RNC Serve
UTRAN (UMTS Radio Access Network) r
Packet-Switched Core (IP)
 3GPP Release 5 – All IP

VLR
MSC GMSC
Server
IP Multimedia Core
Network Subsystem (IMS)
Server

ATM or IP Megaco
Megaco
H.248 H.248
Media Media
Gateway Gateway
PSTN
RTP
MGCF
SGW
ISUP over
PCM
SIP
HSS = Home Subscriber Service BGCF
HSS
= HLR + AuC + “SIP stuff”
Legacy
SGW Network
ISUP over
CSCF PCM

Node B RNC SGSN IP Backbone GGSN Internet

R R R
R

SIP Client
Traffic

Signaling
 GPON E1 TDM circuit emulation

● GPON supports E1 TDM circuit emulation as it is ATM based

● Enable GPON to support GSM Rel 99 or 3GPP Rel 4 which has both
E1 ATM and Ethernet for PSU
● E1 TDM circuit emulations are typically SATOP (Structured Agnostic TDM Over IP)
or CESoIP (Circuit Emulation over IP)

RNC

GPON w 32 x E1 TDM Splitter ONT w 8 x E1 TDM

E1 TDM
E1 TDM

Node B
ONT w 8xE1 TDM

FSB-16 Indoor/Outdoor

OLT E1 TDM

Node B
E1 TDM
GPON Specifics
 GPON G 984.2 Burst-Mode Timing

Optical Splitter
OLT ONU #3

F1 Feeder Cable
ONU #2

ONU #1
GPON

Typical data pattern received in conventional deployment

Relative received optical power

ONU #1 ONU #3 ONU #2

Guard Time Guard Time

Guard Time between consecutive burst avoids packet collision i.e. 25.6 ns

FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley

 Effect of large distance variations of ONU
at OLT

Optical Splitter
OLT

F1 Feeder Cable Distant ONU #3

Intermediate ONU #2

GPON
Nearby ONU #1

Large distance variations of ONU result in different signal power loss at the OLT
Relative received optical power

Up to 15 dB
Nearby
ONU #1
Intermediate
ONU #2
Distant
ONU #3

Guard Time Guard Time

Optical Signal Pattern Levels that may arrive at an OLT

FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley
Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
 GPON G 984.2 ONU Power Level Modes

Relative received optical power

Reduce by 3-6dB
with power control
Nearby
Up to 15 dB
ONU #1
Intermediate
ONU #2
Distant
ONU #3

Guard Time Guard Time

Optical Signal Pattern Levels that may arrive at an OLT

• G 984.2 defines ONU power control of the laser

transmit with 3 power level modes

• Mode 1 – normal mode

• Mode 2 – 3 dB lower than Mode 1

• Mode 3 – 6 dB lower than Mode 2

FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley
Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
GPON Distributed Topologies
Fan-out Star Topology for 32 Node B
1x4 star to 1x8 split

1x8

1x8
1x8

GPON
OLT 1x4

1x8
Linear Topology for 7 Node B
1x4 to 1x4

7 Node B

OLT

GPON
1x4
1x4
Linear Topology for 5 Node B
1x2 to 1x2

5 Node B

OLT

GPON 1x2 1x2 1x2 1x2

Asymmetrical Linear Star for 14 Node B
1x4 to 1x4 to 1x2

14 Node B

1x2 1x2
1x2
1x4
1x4
OLT

GPON
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 11 Node B
1x8 to 1x4 split

11 Node B

1x8 1x4
OLT

GPON
How far can they go?
Splitter insertion & fiber optic loss

• Fiber Loss Table

Wavelength Loss/km (dB) Loss/mi (dB) Band

– 1550 nm 0.25 0.40 C

– 1490 nm 0.28 0.48 S

– 1310 nm 0.40 0.64 O

(NOTE: Wavelengths used in BPON, EPON, & GPON.)

Connector & fusion splicing loss

• Connector Loss Table

Type Loss (dB) Fusion Splice Loss (dB)

– SC/APC <0.20 – 0.25 0.2 ((± 0.05dB)

pigtails
pigtails

Fusion Fusion
Splice Splice
Tray Tray

OSP from RNC OSP to Node B

FSB-16 Indoor/Outdoor
FSB-16 has 2xsplicings (2x0.2 = 0.4dB)
Fiber Splitter Box
with 2 connector pairs (2x0.5 = 1.0 dB)
Total: 1.4dB
≈ 2.0 dB
Fan-out Star Topology for 32 Node B
1x4 star to 1x8 split

1x8

1x8
1x8

GPON
OLT 1x4

1x8
Fan-out Star Topology for 32 Node B
1x4 star to 1x8 split

Max link budget possible = 28-(7.2+2.0+10.3+2.0)

= 6.50 dB - 3 dB margin
= 3.50 dB/0.4 @1310nm
= 8.75 km
Max attenuation between
RED and BLUE ONU
should not exceed 15 dB

1x8
1x8
Splitter -10.3dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB 1x8
Splitter -10.3dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB

GPON
1x4
OLT

28 dB link budget Splitter -7.2dB 1x8

FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Linear Topology for 7 Node B
1x4 to 1x4

7 Node B

OLT

GPON
1x4
1x4
Linear Topology for 7 Node B
1x4 to 1x4

Max link budget possible = 28-(7.2+2.0+7.2+2.0)

= 9.6dB – 3 dB margin
= 6.6 dB/0.4 @1310nm
= 16.5 km

Max attenuation between

RED and BLUE ONU
should not exceed 15 dB

OLT

GPON
1x4 1x4
Splitter -7.2dB
28 dB link budget Splitter -7.2dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Linear Topology for 5 Node B
1x2 to 1x2

5 Node B

OLT

GPON 1x2 1x2 1x2 1x2

Linear Topology for 5 Node B
1x2 to 1x2

Max link budget possible = 28-(3.7+2.0+3.7+2.0+3.7+2.0+3.7+2.0)

= 5.2dB – 3 dB margin
= 2.2 dB/0.4 @1310nm
= 5.5 km

Max attenuation between

RED and BLUE ONU
should not exceed 15 dB

OLT

GPON 1x2 1x2 1x2 1x2

Splitter -3.7dB Splitter -3.7dB
28 dB link budget
FSB-16 -2.0 dB FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 14 Node B
1x4 to 1x4 to 1x2

14 Node B

1x2 1x2
1x2
1x4
1x4
OLT

GPON
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 14 Node B
1x4 to 1x4 to 1x2 split

Max link budget possible = 28-(7.2+2.0+7.2+2.0+3.7+2.0)

= 3.9 dB – 3 dB margin
= 0.9 dB/0.4 @1310nm
= 2.25 km

Max attenuation between

RED and BLUE ONU
should not exceed 15 dB

1x2
1x2
1x2 1x2
Splitter -3.7dB
Splitter -3.7dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB 1x4
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
1x4
OLT Splitter -7.2dB
Splitter -7.2dB FSB-16 -2.0 dB
GPON FSB-16 -2.0 dB
28 dB link budget
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 11 Node B
1x8 to 1x4 split

11 Node B

1x8 1x4
OLT

GPON
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 10 Node B
1x8 to 1x4 split
Max link budget possible = 28-(10.3+2.0+7.2+2.0)
= 6.5 dB – 3 dB margin
= 3.5 dB/0.4 @1310nm
= 8.75 km

Max attenuation between

RED and BLUE ONU
should not exceed 15 dB

1x4 Splitter -7.2dB

OLT 1x8 FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Splitter -7.2dB
GPON FSB-16 -2.0 dB
28 dB link budget
How much Up Stream bandwidth?
Fan-out Star Topology for 32 Node B
1x4 star to 1x8 split – US bandwidth

US-32Mbps

1x8

1x8
1x8

GPON
OLT 1x4 US-32Mbps

US-1 Gbps 1x8

Linear Topology for 7 Node B
1x4 to 1x4 - US Bandwidth

7 Node B

US-64 Mbps

US-256 Mbps US-64 Mbps

OLT

GPON
1x4 US-64 Mbps
1x4
US-1 Gbps
US-256 Mbps US-64 Mbps

US-256 Mbps
Linear Topology for 5 Node B
1x2 to 1x2 - US Bandwidth

5 Node B

US-128 Mbps US-64 Mbps

US-512 Mbps
OLT

GPON 1x2 1x2 1x2 1x2

US-1 Gbps US-64 Mbps
US-256 Mbps
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 14 Node B
1x4 to 1x4 to 1x2 split – US bandwidth

14 Node B

US-32 Mbps
US-128 Mbps US-32 Mbps

US-128 Mbps
US-32 Mbps

US-128 Mbps

1x2 1x2
1x2
1x4
1x4
OLT

GPON
US-1 Gbps
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 11 Node B
1x8 to 1x4 split – US bandwidth

11 Node B

US-128 Mbps US-32 Mbps

US-32 Mbps
US-128 Mbps

US-32 Mbps

1x8 1x4
OLT

GPON
GPON Network Protection
 GPON G 984.1 Network Protection Schemes
BPON G 983.1/5
ONU
Optical Splitter Electrical
ONU re-range switch-over
Main Feeder Cable ●
Electrical ●
E/O ●
Spare Feeder Cable
Electrical
ONU re-range switch-over
Type A (Spare Feeder Fiber) ONU

ONU
Optical Splitter Electrical
Frame loss switch-over
Feeder Cable ●
Electrical E/O ●
Feeder Cable ●
Frame loss switch-over E/O
Electrical
Frame loss switch-over
Type B (Duplicate OLT) ONU

ONT
Optical Splitter
E/O Electrical

E/O 50 ms switch-over

●
Electrical E/O ●
●
50 ms switch-over E/O
E/O Electrical

E/O 50 ms switch-over

Type C (Duplicate OLT, Redundant ONT) ONT

FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley
Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
 GPON G 984.1 Network Protection Schemes
Type A – Spare Feeder Fiber

Plug and Play 2x16, 2x32 Splitter

ONU
Optical Splitter Electrical
ONU re-range switch-over
Main Feeder Cable ●
Electrical ●
E/O ●
Spare Feeder Cable
Electrical
ONU re-range switch-over
Type A (Spare Feeder Fiber) ONU

FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley

Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
 GPON G 984.1 Network Protection Schemes
Type B – Duplicate OLT

Plug and Play 2x16, 2x32 Splitter

ONU
Optical Splitter Electrical
Frame loss switch-over
Feeder Cable ●
Electrical E/O ●
Feeder Cable ●
Frame loss switch-over E/O
Electrical
Frame loss switch-over
Type B (Duplicate OLT) ONU

FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley

Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
 GPON G 984.1 Network Protection Schemes
Type C (Duplicate OLT, Redundant ONT)

Plug and Play 1x2, 1x4, 1x8, 1x16, 1x32 Splitter

ONT
Optical Splitter
E/O Electrical

E/O 50 ms switch-over

●
Electrical E/O ●
●
50 ms switch-over E/O
E/O Electrical

E/O 50 ms switch-over

Type C (Duplicate OLT, Redundant ONT) ONT

FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley

Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
Implications of Network Protection

• Using G.684.1 Type A and B means limiting choice of ODN to 2x16

and 2x32 splitters
– 2x16 & 2x32 has higher insertion loss

• G.684.1 Type C not economical for mass deployment

• Network protection is considered for high profile events coverage.
• Do nothing, handset will automatically hand-over to nearest base
station when the active base station drops out due to GPON outage
 ADC Product Portfolio
Mobile Backhaul using GPON
FSB–16 Indoor/Outdoor Enclosure
Features and Benefits

• Rated for indoor or outdoor use

• Traditional Swing Frame Design

allows for Access to the Back
Section of the Wall Box

• Splitter can be Easily Installed After

Wall Box Install

• Standard 12 Fiber Splice Tray

Allows for Input Splicing Option

• Output Pigtails can either be Stored

Internally or routed Externally for
MDU-ONT connection

• 16 Adapter Capacity Provides

Flexibility
FSB–72 Outdoor Enclosure
Features and Benefits

• Traditional Swing Frame Design

allows for Access to the Back
Section of the Wall Box
• Splitters can be Easily Installed
After Wall Box Install
• Standard 12 Fiber Splice Tray
Allows for Input Splicing Option
• Accommodates up to 3 PNP splitter
modules
• Utilizes sliding pack technology
• Up to 72 live port capacity with 32
parking spaces
• Easily wall mounts to buildings
• Accepts standard PNP splitter
(same as FDH 3000)
Plug & Play (PnP) splitter modules

 Easy “Snap-In”
Requiring No Tools

 2mm RBR Pigtail Outputs

 SC/APC Connectorized
Input Pigtail

 Parking Spots for

all Spare Ports

 Protected module for

outstand plant use
Questions?

luke.goh@adc.com
Thank you!