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EXPERIÊNCIA: HARMÔNICAS EM
TRANSFORMADORES
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA DE
ENERGIA E AUTOMAÇÀO ELÉTRICAS
2004
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HARMÔNICAS NOS TRANSFORMADORES
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2.4 - HARMÔNICA QUALQUER:
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X 1 4 7 10 13 16 seqüência positiva
X
XX 2 5 8 11 14 17 seqüência negativa
XX
X 3 6 9 12 15 18 seqüência zero
3 - TRANSFORMADOR MONOFÁSICO:
fig. 1
fig 2
3
Isto é, a corrente terá uma fundamental mais harmônicas de ordem ímpar, no
caso da figura predominando a 3ª e 5ª harmônicas.
Ao contrário, se aplicarmos corrente senoidal, teremos tensão não senoidal.
Aplicando tensão não senoidal teremos corrente não senoidal, e existe apenas
uma forma de onda não senoidal que gera corrente senoidal).
4 - TRANSFORMADORES TRIFÁSICOS
4.1 - PRIMÁRIO EM
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Em resumo (primário em ):
fig 3
4.2 - PRIMÁRIO EM Y
4.2.1 -
fig 4
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4.2.2 -
fig 5
4.2.3 -
fig 6
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4.2.4 -
fig 7
4.2.5 -
fig 8
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4.2.6 -
fig 9
4.2.7 -
fig 10
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4.2.8 -
fig 11
4.3 - CONCLUSÃO:
-uma tensão senoidal impõe fluxo senoidal que, devido ao ciclo de histerese,
impõe corrente não senoidal;
-a corrente não senoidal pode ser aproximada, em geral, prla fundamental mais
a 3ª harmônica mais a 5ª harmônica;
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4.3.1 - APLICAÇÃO aO CASO DE TRANSFORMADORES:
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COMPLEMENTO
fig 12
fig 13
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C3) A 3ª harmônica é da ordem de 40% da fundamental.
A 5ª harmônica é da ordem de 10% da fundamental.
fig 14
I1 = componente fundamental
I3 = componente 3ª harmônica
I5 = componente 5ª harmônica
IΔ I1 2 I3 2 I5 2 ...
ILINHA 3 . I1 2 0 * I5 2 ...
I9 0 I15 ...
ILINHA 3* IΔ 2 I3 2
ILINHA 0,91 * 3 * IΔ
Assim a relação entre corrente de linha e corrente de fase se torna menor que 3 .
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Pode dar uma tensão da ordem de 80V. No
entanto ao fechar o , a corrente de
circulação não é muito intensa. Isso se deve
ao fato da impedância oferecida pela 3ª
fig 15 harmônica ser elevada o que implica numa
limitação
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ROTEIRO EXPERIMENTAL
Procedimento Experimental:
Nós optaremos por salvá-los em arquivos (disquete) para que o aluno possa
gerar o relatório da experiência em casa. Para tanto a nomenclatura para dar nomes aos
arquivos é extremamente importante, para poder diferenciar as grandezas e as montagens.
1.1)DOIS ENROLAMENTOS
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a)ligação Y / Y
A"
A´
N "
N ´
C"
C´
B"
B´
Comentários:
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b)ligação Y aterrado / Y
A"
A´
N "
N N ´
C"
C´
B"
B´
Comentários:
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c)ligação Y / aberto
B"
A´
N ´ A"
C´
B´
C"
Comentários:
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d)ligação Y / fechado
B"
A´
N ´ A"
C´
B´
C"
Comentários:
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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B"
A´
N N ´ A"
C´
B´
C"
Comentários:
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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B"
A´
N N ´ A"
C´
B´
C"
Comentários:
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1.2)TRÊS ENROLAMENTOS
N N ´ A"
N '''
C´
B´ C '''
B '''
C"
Comentários:
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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N N ´ A"
N '''
C´
B´ C '''
B '''
C"
Comentários:
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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c)Y / fechado / Y
B"
A´
A '''
N ´ A"
N '''
C´
B´ C '''
B '''
C"
Comentários:
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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d)Y / aberto / Y
B"
A´
A '''
N ´ A"
N '''
C´
B´ C '''
B '''
C"
Comentários:
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Relatório
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