Revision on Mole and Stoichiometry

Balance these equations

a) __H2S + ___O2  __H2O + __SO2(g)

b) __NH3(g) + __O2(g)  __N2(g) + ___H2O(g)

c) __Fe(s) + ___H2O(g)  ___Fe3O4(s) + __H2

d) Complete the equation and write ionic equations for

(i) ___KOH (aq)+ ___H2SO4 (aq) 

(ii) ___NH3(aq) + ___HCl(aq) 

Relative atomic mass

1. Haemoglobin contains 0.33 % by mass of iron. There are 2 Fe atoms in each molecule of
haemoglobin. What is the relative molecular mass of haemoglobin.

2. An adult’s bones weigh about 11 kg, and 50% of this mass is calcium phosphate,
Ca3(PO4)2. What is the mass of phosphorus in the bones of an average adult?

The Mole

1. Imagine a hardware store is having a sale. The knock-down price of titanium is one billion
atoms for 1 cent . How much would you have to pay for 1 mg of titanium.

2. How many moles of Fe2O3 are present in 1.00kg of rust?

Equations and the mole

1. In the blast furnance, the overall reaction is

2Fe2O3(s)+ 3C(s) 3CO2(g) + 4Fe(s)

What is the maximum mass of iron that can be obtained from 700 tonnes of iron(III)
oxide and 70 tonnes of coke?( 1 tonne =1000kg)

2. Washing soda, Na2CO3.10H2O,loses some of its water of crystallization if it is not kept in

an air –tight container to form Na2CO3H2O.

A grocer buys a 10 kg bag of washing soda at 30 cents per kg. While standing in his store
room, the bag punctures, and the crystals turn to powder, Na2CO3H2O. The grocer sells his
powder at 50 cents per kg. Does he make a profit or a loss?

3. In the manufacture of calcium carbide

CaO(s) +3C(s)  CaC2(s) + CO(g)

What is the maximum mass of calcium carbide that can be obtained from 40kg of
quicklime and 40 kg of coke?
 4. A mixture of calcium and magnesium carbonates weighing 10.0000g was heated until it
reached a constant mass of 5.0960 g. Calculate the percentage composition of the
mixture, by mass.

5. 100 cm3 of barium chloride solution of concentration 0.05000 mol dm-3 were treated with
an excess of of sulfate ions in solution. The precipitate of barium sulfate formed was dried
and weighed. The mass of 1.1558 g was recorded. What percentage yield does this
represent?

6. To a solution containing 2.975 g of sodium persulfate, Na2S2O8, is added an excess of

potassium iodide solution. A reaction occurs in which sulfate ions are formed and 3.175 g
of iodine are formed. Deduce the equation for the reacton.

Finding formulae

1. A porcelain boat was weighed. After a sample of the oxide of a metal M, of Ar= 119, was
placed in the boat, the boat was reweighed. Then the boat was placed in the reduction
tube, and heated while a stream of hydrogen was passed over it. The oxide was reduced
to the metal, M. The boat was allowed to cool with hydrogen still passing again and
reweighed. The following results were obtained.

Mass of boat = 6.10 g

Mass of boat + metal oxide = 10.63 g

Mass of boat + metal(1) = 9.67 g

Mass of boat + metal(2) = 9.67 g

(a) Explain why hydrogen was passed over the boat while it was cooling.

(b) Explain why the boat + metal was reheated.

(c) Find the empirical formula of the metal oxide.

(d) Write an equation for the reaction of the oxide with hydrogen.

2. An organic compounds contains 58.8% carbon, 9.8 % hydrogen and 31.4 % oxygen. The
molar mass is 102 g mol-1.

(a) Calculate the empirical formula and

(b) Deduce the molecular formula of the compound.

Reacting volumes of gases

1. 100 cm3 of a mixture of ethane and ethane at s.t.p. were treated with bromine. 0.357g of
bromine was used up. Calculate the percentage by volume of ethane in the mixture.

2. Hydrogen sulphide burns in oxygen in accordance with the following equation:

 2H2S(g) + 3O2(g)  2 H2O(g) + 2SO2(g)

If 4 dm3 of H2S (g) are burned in 10 dm3 of oxygen at 1 atmosphere pressure and 120 0C,
what is the final volume of the mixture?

3. a) Analysis of an oxide of potassium shows that 1.42g of this oxide contains 0.64g of
oxygen. What is the empirical formula

b) This oxide reacts with carbon dioxide to form oxygen and potassium carbonate, K2CO3.
Write an equation for this reaction.

c) the reaction is sometimes used as a means of regenerating oxygen in submarines.

What volume of oxygen (at s.t.p.) could be obtained from 1.00 kg of this oxide of
potassium?

4. Fertiliser often contain phosphorus compounds, the proportion of phosphorus being

expressed in terms of % P2O5 by mass.

a) Why would this NOT be the actual phosphorus compound in the fertiliser?

b) If fertilser was listed as 10% P2O5 by mass but actually contained calcium phosphate,
Ca3(PO4)2 , wht would be the composition be if expressed as % calcium phosphate by
mass? (Relative atomic masses: O=16; P=31; Ca =40)

5. A farmer uses 2000kg of ammonium nitrate fertiliser per annum. Of this 5% is leached
into neighbouring streams.

i) Calculate the mass of ammonia required to produce 2000kg of ammonium nitrate,

assuming ALL THE NITROGEN is derived from ammonia.

ii) If the Local Water Authority does not allow agricultural discharge of nitrogen as
nitrate or ammonium ions to exceed the equivalent of 500 mg of NH3 per dm3,
calculate the minimum volume of water required to take up the fertiliser leached
into the streams.