Professional Documents
Culture Documents
- NPC 217.6
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
H i s t o r y
Plumbing Practice in the
Philippines
In 1902, the Plumbing Trade was duly recognized by the
government in the City of Manila. Master Plumber John F.
Hass became the first Chief of the Division of Plumbing
Construction and Inspection. A Plumbing Code based on
the Plumbing Code of the United States was incorporated into
the Building Code for the City of Manila.
1
be provided with a supply of pure and wholesome water,
neither connected to unsafe water supply nor subject to
backflow or back- siphonage.
Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be
2
supplied with water in sufficient volume and pressure
adequate to function satisfactorily and without undue noise.
Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the
3
minimum quantity of water consistent with proper
performance and cleaning.
4
and installed as to prevent dangers from explosion
through overheating.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
P r i n c i p l e s
Every building abutting on a street, alley or easement with
sewer system. 5
a public sewer shall connect its plumbing fixtures to the
6
closet, one kitchen type sink, a lavatory and a bathtub or
shower to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and
personal hygiene.
7
material, free from concealed fouling surfaces and shall
be located in ventilated enclosures.
8
clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the
pipes may be readily cleaned.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
P r i n c i p l e s
All piping shall be of durable NAMPAP-APPROVED
9
materials, free from defective workmanship, designed
and constructed by Registered Master Plumbers to ensure
satisfactory service.
10
Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system
shall be equipped with a water-sealed trap.
11
provide adequate circulation of air free from siphonage,
aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use.
12
Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to
prevent clogging and the return of foul air to the building.
13
effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the
workmanship.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
P r i n c i p l e s
Substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive
14
mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere
unduly with the sewage-disposal process shall not be
allowed to enter the building drainage system.
15
materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the
fixture, device or appliance shall be connected indirectly with
the building drainage system.
16
which is not properly lighted and ventilated.
17
shall be made for the disposal of building sewage by
some accepted method of sewage treatment and
disposal, such as a septic tank.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
P r i n c i p l e s
Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject to
18
backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be made to
prevent its overflow in the building.
19
condition by Registered Master Plumbers.
20
All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to
be accessible for their intended use.
21
preservation of the strength of structural members and
the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces
through fixture usage.
Sewage or other waste from plumbing system which may
be deleterious to surface or sub-surface waters shall not be
22
discharged into the ground or into any waterway, unless
first rendered innocuous through subjection to some
acceptable form of treatment.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
1. Act in an unprofessional manner and demand any remuneration other than his/her original charges
except for additional services not covered in the basic contract;
2. Supplant another Registered Master Plumber after definite steps have already been taken
toward his/her being commissioned to perform the contract;
3. Underbid another Registered Master Plumber by reducing his/her professional fees after being
informed of the fees charged by the other Registered Master Plumber;
4. Take the advantage of a salaried government position to compete unfairly with a practicing Registered
Master Plumber;
5. Allow the use of his/her License as Registered Master Plumber for a fee to an unlicensed Master
Plumber in plumbing works without his/her personal supervision.
6. Injure falsely or maliciously, directly or indirectly, the reputation of another Registered Master
Plumber by reviewing his/her work for the same client unless the professional services of the
former have been officially terminated and all professional fees have been fully paid by the client;
7. Advertise in self-laudatory language, act in any manner and engage in any practice which tend to
bring dishonor to the dignity of the Registered Master Plumber, the National Master Plumbers
Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP) and the plumbing profession.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
C o m p o n e n t s
PLUMBING FIXTURES
Condensation
Precipitation
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
The Plumbing Cycle
Components & Flow in
Water Systems:
S U P P L Y DISTRIBUTION U S E
Pressure,
Water Mains, Plumbing
Piping
Storage Tanks Fixtures
Networks
S O U R C E COLLECTION
Gravity,
Lakes, Rivers, Piping
Reservoirs Networks
TREATMENT DISPOSAL
Water Treatment
Sulfur Chlorination
COAGULATION &
PRECIPITATION
SEDIMENTATION
CHLORINATION
Dug Well
Bored Well
Similar to dug well, but constructed
using an auger driven in by hand or
with power tools
Seldom hand driven below 15 meters,
but can reach 40+ meters with power tools
Jetted Well
Use of extreme water pressure so as not to
affect existing foundations in the vicinity
Makes use of a suction pump above, while
casing acts as the pump riser
Used only where ground is relatively soft,
hence sometimes referred to as
“Sand-Point Wells”
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Drilled Well
Used for drilling oil
Can reach up to 1000 m
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Wells & Pumps
Locating
a Well:
2 Most Common
Sources of
Contamination:
Septic Tank /
leach fields
Livestock
feedlots
Location must
not be less than
100 ft. away
from such
pollution sources
Locate on higher ground
The deeper the well, the better for natural filtration
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Wells & Pumps
Methods of Well Screening:
Centrifugal Pumps
Water is drawn into the pump & discharged with a
centrifugal force
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Wells & Pumps
Types/Classifications of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps
Submersible Pumps
Submersible Pumps are designed to be fully immersible within a tank or
other media storage receptacle.
Many common types of pumps can be designed by manufacturers to
be submersible
Sump Pumps
Sump pumps are used in applications where excess water must be
pumped away from a particular area.
Sump pumps, in general, is a category that encompasses a number
of styles of pumps that are used to pump out collected fluid
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Wells & Pumps
Turbine Pumps
Turbine Pumps are centrifugal pumps used for large applications
because of their multiple impellers
Turbine Pumps can discharge up to 2000 GPM
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Water Tanks & Cisterns
Types of Tanks for domestic use:
Overhead Tanks
-Does not have any pressure concerns
but relies on gravity to supply water to
fixtures below
-Usually made of galvanized steel,
stainless steel, or reinforced concrete,
it can come in various shapes and sizes
Cisterns
-Usually built of reinforced concrete
underground and connected with a pump
Pressure Tanks
Hot Water Tanks
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Water Tanks & Cisterns
Gravity Supply Tanks
Used in Overhead Feed System
Main Components:
Supply Pipe
Inlet
Overflow Pipe
Drip Pan
Gate Valves
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Water Tanks & Cisterns
Pneumatic Water Tanks:
Used in the Air Pressure System
Often used with a pump
Also makes use of a pressure relief valve, which
relieves pressure automatically if necessary
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Water Tanks & Cisterns
Types of Hot Water Tanks:
Range Boiler
Small hot water tank (30-60 cm
diameter; 180cm max length)
Made of galvanized steel sheet,
copper or stainless steel
Standard working pressure limit is 85 to 150 psi
Storage Boiler
Large hot water tank (60-130 cm
in diameter; 5m max length)
Made of heavy duty material
sheets applied with rust proof paint
Standard working pressure limit
is 65 to 100 psi.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Controls & Valves
Function of Valves:
Control of the water system
- Start or shut down a system
- Regulate pressure
- Check backflow
- Control the direction of water
Rules Regarding Location
of Valves:
Locate & distribute valves in such
a manner that they can isolate a
certain section of the network in
case of system breakdown (before
each branch)
Locate valves where they are not
too visible while remaining
accessible to users
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Controls & Valves
Types of Valves:
Gate Valve a.k.a. ‘Full-way Valve’
Used mainly to completely close or
completely open the water line
(does not control flow of water)
Best suited to the main supply and
pump lines wherein operation is
infrequent
2 Types:
The Wedge Shape or Tapered Disc
3 Types:
The Plug Type Disc Valve
-for throttling
4 Types:
The Swing Check Valve
Water Hammer
WATER HAMMER
a knocking in the pipes caused when
faucets in the lower levels are shut off BACK SIPHONAGE
abruptly or automatically
the force exerted by the decelerating
water causes the pipes to shake and
rattle
Back Siphonage
the flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a
plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a
negative pressure in such pipe
‘Back Flow’– the flow of water or other liquids, ,mixtures, or
substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of
water to a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood
level rim of the receptacle.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Water Distribution System
Defects in Water Distribution Systems:
Expansion / Contraction
Expansion/ Contraction
Pipes expand and contract due to
continuous changes in temperature
Friction Head Loss
An air space should be provided to
allow for breathing room
Storage Tanks
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Cold Water Distribution
System
Types of Cold Water Distribution
Systems (within buildings):
Direct Upfeed
- Water is provided by the city water
companies using normal pressure
from public water main
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Cold Water Distribution
System
Air Pressure System (Pneumatic)
- When pressure supplied by city water
supply is not strong enough
- Compressed air is used to raise and UPFEED SYSTEM
push water into the system
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Cold Water Distribution
System
Downfeed (Overheadfeed) or Gravity System
UPFEED SYSTEM
DOWNFEED OR
GRAVITY SYSTEM
Upfeed System
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Overheadfeeed System
System
2 Types of Water Heating Systems:
Hot Water Space Heating System
Water is confined within a system at low temperature
Hot Water Supply System
Not a closed system which operate on much higher
temperature
FIRE PROTECTION
SYSTEM
Water & Water Supply for
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Fire Fighting
Supplying Water for
Fire Protection Systems:
The Elevated Water Tank
The Underground Water Reservoir
Types of
Fire Protection Systems:
Dry Standpipe System
Wet Standpipe System
PLUMBING FIXTURES
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Plumbing Fixtures
Definition:
Receptacles which are used to provide, receive
and discharge water, liquid and water-carried
wastes into a drainage system with which they
are connected to
Classifications:
Soil Scullery Bathing
Water Closets Kitchen Sinks Lavatories
Urinals Laundry Tubs Bathtubs
Slop Sinks Bar Sinks Shower Baths
Bidets
Foot/Sitz Tub
Shower Receptors
Shower Compartments
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Soil Fixtures
Setting: WATER CLOSETS
Water closet center to side wall: minimum of 0.375 m
Water closet center to WC center: minimum of 0.75 m
Types:
According to Type of Flushing
Flush Tank water closets
Soil Fixtures
According to Flush Tank Types
Integral Flush Tank
Close Coupled Flush Tank
Low Flush Tank
High Flush Tank
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Soil Fixtures
According to Mounting
Floor Mounted
Wall Hung
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Soil Fixtures
Wash Down
- Flushes through a simple
wash down action
- Discharges waste into a
trapway located at the front
of the bowl
- Has a bulge on the front
Soil Fixtures
Reverse Trap
Siphon Jet
- Has a larger trapway
making it less likely to clog
- Quieter flushing action
- Retains a large amount of
standing water
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Soil Fixtures
Siphon Vortex
- Less noisy and very
efficient
- Flushing action is started
by a whirlpool motion
followed by a complete
flush down
- Retains a large amount of
standing water
Soil Fixtures
Other Types of Water Closets
Soil Fixtures
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Soil Fixtures
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Soil Fixtures
Minimum Requirements for Water Closets
OCCUPANCY MIN. WC KIND & NO. OF USERS
Dwelling or Apartment 1 family
Soil Fixtures
Types: URINALS
Wall Hung
Pedestal
Through
Stall
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Soil Fixtures
Setting:
Urinal center to side wall: minimum of 0.30 m
Urinal center to urinal center: minimum of 0.60 m
Flushing:
Flushing urinals shall be done through automatic flushing
tanks. (NPC 408.1)
Flushometer valves shall be self-closing type discharging
a predetermined quantity of water. No manually controlled
flushometer valve shall be used to flush group urinals.
(NPC 408.2)
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Soil Fixtures
Minimum Requirements for Urinals
Scullery Fixtures
Materials:
Stainless Steel KITCHEN SINKS
Cast Iron Enamel
Formed Steel Coated with Porcelain Enamel
Scullery Fixtures
LAUNDRY TUBS
Materials:
Cement or Cement with Tiles
Porcelain
SLOP SINKS
BAR SINKS
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Scullery Fixtures
LAVATORIES
Types:
Pedestal Wall Hung
Pullman or Counter Through
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Bathing Fixtures
BATHTUBS
WHIRLPOOL
BATHS
Brand Name of
luxury type bathtubs JACUZZIS
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Bathing Fixtures
BIDETS
Setting:
Bidet center to side wall: minimum of 0.375 m
Bidet center to bidet center: minimum of 0.75 m
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Bathing Fixtures
FLOOR DRAINS
With approved-type hinged strainer plate
having the sum of the areas of the small
holes of the waterway equal to the cross-
sectional area of the tailpiece
SHOWER RECEPTORS
Receptor floor shall drain not less than 2% or more than 4% slope.
Thresholds shall accommodate a minimum 559 mm wide door.
For wheelchair use, dam or curb may be eliminated.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Bathing Fixtures
SHOWER BATHS/
COMPARTMENTS
House/Building Sewer
extends from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters from the
outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction
with the street sewer or to any point of discharge, and
conveying the drainage of one building site.
NPC 203.3
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Principles of Waste & Soil
(EXCRETA) Pipes Roughing-in
The S-Trap
Predecessor of P-traps
Used before traps
had to connect to a
ventilation line
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Each fixture trap shall have a trap seal of water of not less
than 51 mm and not more than 102 mm (except where a
deeper seal is found necessary by the Administrative
Authority for special conditions.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
5 Sink (residential) 38 mm 2
6 Urinal, wall mounted, integral trap 51 mm 3
Clean-outs
REQUIREMENTS:
Clean-outs REQUIRED
at the upper terminal of every horizontal sewer or waste line
at each run of piping more than 15 meters (50 feet) in total
developed length
at every 15 m (50 ft) of total developed length or a fraction
thereof
additional clean-out shall be provided on a horizontal line
with an aggregate offset angle exceeding 135°
inside the building near the connection between the building
drain and the building sewer or installed outside the building
at the lower end of the building drain and extended to grade.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Clean-outs
Clean-outs
SIZE OF CLEAN-OUTS:
Size of clean-out shall be in conformity with the size of pipe
served
Clean-Out Size
Clean-outs
INSTALLATION OF
CLEAN-OUTS:
Each clean-out shall be installed so it opens with the
direction of flow or at right angles to the direction of flow
except in the case of a wye branch.
Each 90° clean-out extension shall be constructed from a
wye fitting or an approved fitting of equivalent sweep.
Each clean-out 51 mm or less shall have a front clearance
of not less than 305 mm; those 51 mm or more shall have a
front clearance of 450 mm.
Clean-outs in underfloor piping shall be extended to or
above finish floor or shall be extended outside the building
when there is less than 450 mm vertical clearance or 750
horizontal clearance to the means of access.
No underfloor clean-out for residential occupancies shall be
located more than 6.1 m from an access door, trap door or
crawl hole.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
VENTILATION
Main Vent
the principal artery of the venting
system to which vent branches are
connected.
a.k.a. ‘Collecting Vent Line’
serves as support to the Main Soil &
Waste Vent
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
an arrangement of venting so
installed that one vent pipe
serve two (2) traps.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Relief Vent
Wet Vent
that portion of a vent pipe through which wastewater also
flows through.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Local Vent
Dry Vent
Vent Stack
SIZE OF VENTS:
The sizes of vent piping shall be determined from its length
and the total number of fixture units connected thereto.
The diameter of an individual vent shall not be less than 32
mm (1-1/4”) nor less in size than one-half (1/2) the diameter
of the drain to which it is connected.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Installation of Vents
Installation of Vents
VENT TERMINATION
VSTR shall terminate vertically not less than 150 mm above
the roof nor less than 300 mm from any vertical surface
nearby.
Each vent opening shall terminate:
Not less than 3.00 m from any openable window;
Not less than 0.90 m above any openable window;
Not less than 0.90 m away from any lot line, alley and street
boundary lines.
Vertical vent pipes shall extend 3.00 m distant from any part
of the roof that is used for human activities and shall extend
not less than 2.10 m above such roof.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Installation of Vents
Retardation of flow
- Due to the effect of atmospheric pressure and/or gravity
GREASE TRAPS:
Used for fixtures where grease may be introduced into the
drainage or sewer system in quantities that can effect line
stoppage or hinder sewage treatment or private sewage
disposal.
2 Main Types
HOUSE TRAPS:
Placed in the house drain immediately inside the foundation wall
of the building
DRAIN TILES:
Used to prevent groundwater from seeping through the
basement walls & foundation
Hollow tiles are placed around the perimeter of the foundation
where water is collected; drain tiles are connected to the house
drain or sump pit
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
House Drain Appliances
Garage Traps:
a.k.a. garage catch basin
Operating Principles: trap is filled with water & located at the
lowest point of the garage so it can collect all wastes.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
House Drain Appliances
Sewage Ejectors:
Pumps the wastes up form the sump pit to the sewers (which
are usually higher than basement levels)
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
DISPOSAL PHASE- the final stage of the plumbing process;
where used water and water-carried wastes are brought to
various disposal outlets
Minimum
dimensions-
L= 1500mm
W=900mm
D=1200mm
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
SINGLE CHAMBER SEPTIC TANK:
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
DESIGN CRITERIA:
PLANS:
should show all dimensions, reinforcing, structural
calculations, and such other pertinent data as needed.
QUALITY OF DESIGN:
shall be such as to produce a clarified effluent of acceptable
standards and shall provide adequate space for sludge and
scum accumulations.
MATERIALS:
constructed of durable materials, not subject to excessive
corrosion or decay, shall be watertight.
Material: cement (most common) or pre-fabricated cast iron
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
COMPARTMENTS:
have a minimum of 2 compartments:
First compartment: not less than 2/3 capacity of the total
capacity of tank; not less than 2 cum liquid capacity;
shall be at least 0.9 m width and 1.5 m long; Liquid
depth not less than 0.6 m nor more than 1.8 m.
Secondary compartment: maximum capacity of 1/3 total
capacity of tank; minimum of 1 cum liquid capacity
In septic tanks having over 6 cum capacity, the secondary
compartment should be not less than 1.5 m in length.
maintain a slope of 1:10 at the bottom of the digestion
chamber to collect the sludge and make it easily accessible
from the manhole
MANHOLES:
with at least two (2) manholes, 508 mm in min dimension;
one over inlet, other over outlet. Wherever first compartment
exceeds 3.7 m in length, an additional manhole required
over the baffle wall.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
VENT DIAMETER:
equal to the cross sectional area of the house sewer.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
AIR SPACE:
Side walls shall extend 228.6 mm above liquid depth.
Cover of septic tank shall be at least 50.8 mm above the
back vent openings.
STRUCTURE:
CAPACITY:
The capacity of septic tanks is determined by the number of
bedrooms or apartment units in dwelling occupancies; by
the estimated waste/sewage design flow rate for various
building occupancies; or by the number of fixture units of all
plumbing fixtures; whichever is greater.
The capacity of any one septic tank and its drainage system
shall also be limited by the soil structure classification in its
drainage field.
LOCATION:
Should not be located underneath the house
At least 15 meters from the water distribution system
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
SEWERS
3 degrees or grades of
waste water:
Black Water
Water plus solid and liquid human wastes
Storm Water
Rainwater only
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
SEWERS
CLASSIFICATION OF SEWERS:
Combination Public Sewers
Oldest variety
Carries both storm & sanitary wastes
Storm Sewers
Sanitary Sewers
Carries regular sanitary wastes only
Terminates in a modern sewage disposal plant for
treatment
Built at a depth of 3 meters (tributaries)
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
SEWERS
DISPOSAL FIELDS
Private sewage disposal system common in rural areas for
structures with large adjacent open fields
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
AREA:
dependent on the required septic tank capacity or estimated
sewage flow rate, whichever is greater, and;
the type of soil found in the excavation.
SEEPAGE PITS
CAPACITY:
based on the quantity of liquid waste and on the character
and porosity of the surrounding soil.
STRENGTH:
Brick lining shall have a minimum
compressive strength of 17225 kPa.
CESSPOOLS
a non-watertight lined
excavation in the ground
which receives the discharge
of a sanitary drainage system,
designed to retain the organic
matter but permitting the liquid
to seep through the pit bottom
and sides
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
TEMPORARY PERMITS:
Temporary expedient pending the construction of a public
sewer, so long as it is established that a public sewer will be
available in less than 2 years and the soil and ground water
conditions are favorable;
As an overflow facility when installed in conjunction with an
existing cesspool;
As a means of sewage disposal for limited, minor, or
temporary uses.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
PRIVIES
REQUIREMENTS:
When liquid wastes containing excessive amounts of
grease, garbage, flammable wastes, sand, or other
ingredients which may affect the operation of a private
sewage disposal system, an interceptor for such waste shall
be installed.
DISPOSAL:
Waste from interceptors may be discharged to a septic tank
or other primary system or into a separate disposal system.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR PRIVATE SEWAGE
DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
Location of Sewage Disposal System
MIN. HORIZONTAL DISPOSAL SEEPAGE
BLDG SEPTIC
DISTANCE IN CLEAR FIELD PIT OR
SEWER TANK
REQUIRED FROM CESSPOOL
1 Buildings or 0.6 m 1.5 m 2.4 m 2.4 m
structures*
2 Property line Clear** 1.5 m 1.5 m 2.4 m
Adjoining private
Property
3 Water supply 15.2 m 15.2 m 30.5 m 45.7 m
wells
4 Streams 15.2 m 15.2 m 15.2 m 30.5 m
5 Trees - 3m - 3m
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR PRIVATE SEWAGE
DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
Location of Sewage Disposal System
MIN. HORIZONTAL DISPOSAL SEEPAGE
BLDG SEPTIC
DISTANCE IN CLEAR FIELD PIT OR
SEWER TANK
REQUIRED FROM CESSPOOL
6 Seepage pits or - 1.5 m 1.5 m 3.7 m
Cesspools
7 Disposal field 1.5 m 1.2 m 1.5 m
8 On site domestic 0.3 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m
Water service line
9 Pressure public 3m 3m 3m 3m
Water main
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Sewage Treatment Plan (STP)
Some features of STP:
An aeration system within the tank;
A submersible mixer to mix the waste;
A sludge waste pump that aids in clarifying;
A decanter;
Blowers;
A fully electronic control system, etc.
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Water Recycling
4. incinerator
3. Fine screen house
6. Aerating
8. Power House 7. Clarifier outlet
basin
10. Liquid
11. Chemical
9. Drier house extractor
house
house
13. Vacuum
12. warehouse power
house
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Water Recycling
STORM DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Rainwater Pipes
DOWNSPOUTS OR CONDUCTOR
PIPES, GUTTERS
Rainwater piping shall not be used as soil, waste and vent pipes.
Downspout and gutter sizes are based upon the maximum depth
of rainfall per hour falling upon a given roof area in square meters.
An ave. 102 mm/hr rainfall intensity is used around Metro Manila.
The Downspout
Located every 8 to 10 meters
& at every corner of the roof
(but, to avoid clogging of pipes,
it is best to locate them every
4 to 6 m)
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Storm Water System
The Shoe
At the bottom of the roof leader to direct rain-
water towards the nearest catch basin
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Storm Water System
Storm Sewers
2 Types:
SV type - generally used; for building installations
4 Varieties:
Standard Pipe Single Hub Pipe
Asbestos Pipe
Made of an asbestos fibers and portland cement
Used as soil, waste, ventilation pipe & downspouts
Suited for concrete embedment because of similar properties
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Pipes & Fittings
Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe
Cheapest of all types of pipes
Light in weight, slightly flexible and can take slight soil movement
without danger of cracking or pulling out of its joints. It is thus
suited for house sewer and septic tank installations
may be softened/damaged by excessive hot water or
chemical flow
Brass Pipe
Most expensive
Made of an alloy or zinc (15%) and copper (85%)
Resistant to acids and has a smooth interior surface
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Pipes & Fittings
Plastic or Synthetic Pipe
Developed in Germany in 1935
Most are produced from synthetic resins
Superior type of pipe because it weighs less, is easy to cut, is
flexible, has a smooth interior surface, and is cheaper than steel
2 Types:
Rigid type (pipes)
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Polypropylene (PP)
Styrene Rubber Plastic (SR)
EXTENSION
FEMALE
PIECE/
ADAPTOR
NIPPLE
45°
REDUCER STREET
ELBOW
90°
REDUCING
STREET
ELBOW
ELBOW
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Pipes & Fittings
UNION
CROSS
TEE
PLUG
REDUCING
TEE
DOUBLE
HUB
CAP
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Pipes & Fittings
Other water Service
Fittings & Devices:
CORPORATION
STOP
METER
STOP
CURB
STOP
WATER
METER
CURB
STOP
BOX
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Pipes & Fittings
Sanitary Fittings
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Pipes & Fittings
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Working Drawings
Piping Symbols for Plumbing:
G G GAS
A COMPRESSED AIR
V VACUUM
S - CI SEWER – CAST IRON
S - CT SEWER – CLAY TILE
Water Testing:
Testing of water supply piping is conducted by
closing all outlets & filling the system with water
from the main to locate leaks and other potential
problems
Types of Joints:
For bell-and-spigot cast iron
Caulked Joints soil pipe & other similar joints
Face to face
distance
engagement length
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Joints & Connections
Caulking:
Align pipes
Packing Oakum-
Wrap an oakum or hemp around the spigot Neck;
Drive the oakum into the bottom of the hub using a yarning iron;
compress firmly (make a 20-25mm clearance from top of bell)
Ladle Lead- Seal joint with lead (3mm above bell)
Packing with Caulking Iron
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Joints & Connections
Soldering of joints:
Clean pipe with emery cloth (or fine sand paper)
Apply (non corrosive) flux or soldering paste
Heat the fitting with a propane torch
Apply (non corrosive) flux or soldering paste
Wrap soldered joint with wet rags
Engr. Marvin Kalngan, CE, RMP
Joints & Connections
Special Joints: