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PROJECT: SURVEYOR B
E
S CONTENTS
GENERAL RELEASE-------------------------------------1-4
SURVEYOR BACKGROUND-----------------------------------5
SURVEYOR B SPACECRAFT--------------------------------6
Frame, Mechanisms and Thermal Control--------------6-8
Power Subsystem-----------------------------------8-9
Telecommunications---------------------------------10-11
Propulsion-----------------------------------------11-12
Flight Control Subsystem--------------- ------- 12-14
Television--------------------------------------- 14
Engineering Instrumentation------------------------15
ATLAS-CENTAUR (AC-7) LAUNCH VEHICLE-------------------16-17
LAUNCH VEHICLE FACT SHEET------------- -------------- 17
ATLAS-CENTAUR FLIGHT SEQUENCE-------------------------18
TRACKING AND CO:vrUNICATION----------------------------19-20
TRAJECTORY--------------- -------------- 21-23
Atlas Phase---------------------------------------- 24
Centaur Phase------------------------------------ 25
Initial Surveyor Phase-----------------------------25-26
Canopus Acquisition--------------------------------27
Midcourse Maneuver---------------------------------27-28
Terminal Sequence----------------------------------28-29
Post-Landing Events--------------------------------29-30
ATLAS-CENTAUR AND SURVEYOR TEAMS----------------------31-33
MAJOR SUBCONTRACTORS----------------------------------34-38
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T
9/9/66
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WO 2-4155
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20546 WO3-6925
2ND SURVEYOR
LAUNCH SET
SEPTEMBER 20
craft have begun the manned landing site survey of the Moon:
3ongitude.
landing sites across the equator from Aug. 18 to Aug. 29. These
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-2-
face of the Moon. This area was the fifth selected site photo-
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This would make its arrival at the Moon about 9:30 p.m. EDT,
Thursday Sept. 22.
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SURVEYOR BACKGROUND
By July 13, Surveyor I's 42nd day on the Moon, the space-
craft had survived the intense heat of the lunar day (250 degrees
F.), the cold of the two-week-long lunar night (minus 260 degrees
F.), and a second full lunar day. Total picture count was: first
lunar day -- June 1 - 14 -- 10,338; second day -- July 7 - 13 --
812.
Despite a faltering battery not expected to endure the
rigors of the lunar environment over an extended period, Sur-
veyor continued to accept Earth commands and transmit TV pic-
tures through the second lunar sunset. It acted upon more than
100,000 Earth commands during the mission.
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SURVEYOR B SPACECRAFT
The Surveyor stands about 10 feet high and, with its tri-
pod landing gear extended, can be placed within a 14-foot
circle. A landing leg is hinged to each of the three lower
corners of the frame and an aluminum honeycomb footpad is at-
tached to the outer end of each leg. An airplane-type shock
absorber and telescoping strut are connected to the frame so
that the legs can be folded into the nose shroud during launch.
Touchdown shock also is absorbed by the footpads and by the
hydraulic shock absorbers which compress with the landing load.
Blocks of crushable aluminum honeycomb are attached to the
bottom of the spaceframe at each of its three corners to ab-
sorb part of the landing shock.
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SURVEYOR
SOLAR PANEL
OMNIDIRECTIONAL
ANTENNA i HIGH-GAIN
SURVEY -- ANTENNA
TV CAMERA
STAR CANOPUS
SENSOR
OMNIDIRECTIONAL
ANTENNA
THERMALLY
CONTROLLED
COMPARTMENT
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- '7-.
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1
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Power Subsystem
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Y
OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNA A
LANDING LEG I
\ COMPARTMENT
5
COMPARTMENT A
VERNIER
VERN THRUST CHAMBER
IER TVRUST CTAMSER 2 (FIXED) C
VERNIER THRUST CHAMBER OXIDIZER TANK |DL\.^
SOLAR COLLECTOR VERNIER THRUST C'IAMBER FUEL TANK
ACCELEROMETER AMPLIFIER
STRAIN GAGE AMPLIFIER
TV CAMERA 4 4
VERNIER THRUST CHAMBER
OXIDIZER TANK
TVCAMERA 3 / |
TV PHOTOMETRIC CHART ATTITUDE CONTROL ITCH AND YAW ATTITUDE JET NOZZLE (2)
PRESSURIIAT RYN (Na)
TANK T H T CH\RT
A TAN ( VERNIER THRUST CHAMBER 3 (FIXED)
TV PHOTOMETRIC CHART
VERNIER FUEL SYSTEM OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNA B
PRESSURIZATION TANK (HI)
O 5 10 IS 20 25 3SO 5 40 45 50 SS 40
SCALE INCHES
MIDCOURSE CONFIGURATION
ANTENNA AND SOLAR PANNEL POSITIONER
OMITTED FROM VIEW FOR CLARITY
---------- -
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"elecommunicatlons
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Propulsion
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Television
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HOOD MIRROR
-MIRROR
MIRROR AZIMUTH ELEVATION
DRIVE MOTOR DRIVE ASSEMBLY
FOCUS
POTENTIOMETER
IRIS
POTENTIOMETER
S TVIDICON TUBE
SHUTTER
ASSEMBLY
VIDICON
RADIATOR
ELECTRONIC
CONVERSION
UNIT
ELECTRICAL
Z CONNECTOR
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Engineering Instrumentation
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1 ,Electronic packages
-LH 2 tank
- ----- Insulation panels
CENTAUR STAGE <LOXtank
ATLAS BOOSTER
-I RP-1 tank
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ATLAS-CENTAUR FLIGHT SEQUENCE
1. Liftoff 0 0 0 0
SEPARAliDN AT
LAUNCH PLUS
12 1 M'. •A .-
SCANOPUS ACQUISITION
N
ABOUT LAUNCH PLUS 6 HRS
SCOMPLETES CRUISE ATTITUDE PRE-RETRO MANEUVER
" STABILIZATION 30 MIN. BEFORE LANDING
SUN --- -
SUN ACQUISITION I
ABOUT LAUNCH STAR 6j1 HRS OC
PLUS I HR CANO.US
S 1 H SUN AND CANOPUS REACQUISITION
IMMEDIATELY AFTER MIDCOURSE
MIDCOURSE CORRECTION CORRECTION
ABOUT LAUNCH PLUS 15 HRS 4 HRS
O/
24 HRS
/ MOON
AT LAUNCH
-IQI
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TRAJECTORY
The time span during each day that Surveyor can be launched
-- the launch window -- is determined by the requirement that
the launch site at launch time and the Moon at arrival time be
contained in the 7 arth-Moon transfer orbit plane. With the
launch site moviing eastward as the Earth revolves, acceptable
conditions occur only once each day for a given plane. However,
by altering the plane as a result of changing the launch azi-
muth, or direction of launch from the launch site, between an
allowable 85 to 115 degrees, East of North, the launch window
can be extended as much as two hours.
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SURVEYOR TRAJECTORIES TO THE MOON
COAST PHASE 1
MOON S ORBIT
'EARLY SURVEYORS WILL BE LAUNCHED ON DIRECT
ASCENT TRAJECTORIES
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--25-
Centaur Phase
At T plus 248 seconds, Centaur's two hydrogen-oxygen
RL-10 engines are ignited for a planned burn of 440 seconds.
Centaur ignition occurs about 104 miles altitude when the
vehicle is 228 miles down range traveling at a velocity of
7,600 mph.
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-26-
The next major spacecraft event after the Sun has been
acquired is Canopus acquisition. Locking on the star Canopus
provides a fixed inertial reference for the roll axis.
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-27-
Canopus Acquisition
Midcourse Maneuver
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SURVEYOR MIDCOURSE CORRECTION
CRUISE ATTITUDE
Q STAR
CANOPUS
SUN AND CANOPUS
SREACQUISITION
ROLL TURN ,
Terminal Sequence
The first step starts about 1000 miles above the Moon's
surface. The exact descent maneuvers depend on the flight
path and orientation of Surveyor with respect to the Moon
and the target area. Normally there will be a roll followed
by a yaw or a pitch turn. As in the midcourse maneuver, the
duration times of the maneuvers are radioed to the spacecraft
and the gas jets fire to execute the required roll and pitch
and yaw. The object of the maneuvers is to align the main
retro rocket with the approach velocity vector. To perform
the maneuvers, the spacecraft breaks its lock on the Sun and
Canopus. Attitude control is maintained by inertial sensors.
Gyros sense changes in the attitude and order the gas jets to
fire to maintain the correct attitude until the retrorocket is
ignited.
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\
SI
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The solar panel and high gain planar array antenna are
aligned with the Sun and Earth. If the high gain antenna is
successfully operated to lock on Earth, transmission of 600
line television pictures will begin. If it is necessary to
operate through one of the low gain, omnidirectional antennas,
additional 200 line pictures will be transmitted.
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MAJOR SUBCONTRACTORS
Surveyor
Holex Squibs
Hollister, Cal.
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Sanborn L. F. oscillograph
Waltham, Mass.
Singer-Metrics F. M. calibrator
Bridgeport, Mass.
Telemetrics Simulator
Santa Ana, Cal.
Atlas
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Centaur
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