Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Com
Connecting VU Students
MTH401
Final Term Examination – Spring 2006
Time Allowed: 150 Minutes
Determine the singular points of the differential equation and classify them as regular or
irregular.
( x 2 − 9) 2 y′′ + ( x + 3) y′ + 2 y =
dy 2
+ y= y
dx
• x=0
• x=2
• x=1
• None of other
Question No. 4 Marks : 10
Find the eigen value and eigen vector of the following system of linear differential equation
⎛ 9 −12 ⎞
X′ = ⎜ ⎟X
⎝ 3 −3 ⎠
Question No. 5 Marks : 10
det( A − λ I ) = 0
• True
• False
y′ − y = x 2 e 3 x
The form of the particular solution for the differential equation is
yp = x
+ B1 x + B0
Ae
•
y p = ( Ax + B)e x
•
y p = ( Ax 2 + Bx + C )e3 x
•
• None of above
Question No. 8 Marks : 10
d2y dy
(1 − 2 ) 2
−x +7y=0
dx dx
x 2
•
d y dy
(1 − 2 ) 2
− 7 x + 35 y = 0
dx dx
x
•
=d ⎡ = dy ⎤
(1 − x 2 ) + 6y = 0
dx dx
•
• All of three equations are legendre's equation
• None of other
• Separable
• Exact
• Linear
• Bernoulli’s
WWW.
vujannat.ning.com
http://
vujannat.ning.com
Largest Online Community of VU
Students
FINALTERM EXAMINATION
SPRING 2007 Marks: 55
MTH401 - DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (Session - 4 ) Time: 150min
StudentID/LoginID:
Student Name:
Center Name/Code:
► 1
► 0
► -2
► None of these
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 2 ) - Please choose one
⎛2 3⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 1⎠
The eigen values of matrix are
► λ = 0, −1
► λ = 4, −1
► λ = 1, 5
► None of these
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 2 ) - Please choose one
/// /
y +y =0
Roots of the equation will be
► 0,1,2
► 0,+ i , - i
► 0,1,i
► None of these
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 2 ) - Please choose one
/ / π
y + 16 y = 0 with y(0) = 0 , y( ) = 0
8
A differential equation is called
f1 ( x) , f 2 ( x) , ..., f n ( x)
Suppose the functions possess at least n-1 derivatives on interval I , if
W ( f1 , f 2 , ..., f n ) ≠ 0
is called
► Linearly dependent
► Linearly independent
► None of these
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 5 )
(0, ∞)
Find the general solution of the given differential equation on
25 x 2 y / / + 25 xy / + (25 x 2 − 1) y = 0
4 x − 3 y + 3z = 1
1
J n( x) for n =
2
Derive the expression of
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 5 )
2d2 y dy
x 2 + x + 4y = 0
dx dx
WWW.
vujannat.ning.com
http://
vujannat.ning.com
Largest Online Community of VU
Students
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Total Marks: 50
SEMESTER FALL 2004
MTH401- Differential Equations Duration: 60min
Instructions
1. Attempt all questions.
2. The Time allowed for this paper is 60 minutes.
3. This examination is closed book, closed notes, closed neighbors; any one found cheating will get zero grades in
the course MTH401 Differential Equations.
4. You are not allowed to use any type of Table for Formulae of Differentiation and integration during your exam.
5. Each objective type question carries 2 marks and each Descriptive question carries 10 marks. So write every step
of the solution of descriptive question to get maximum marks.
6. Do not ask any questions about the contents of this examination from anyone. If you think that there is
something wrong with any of the questions, attempt it to the best of your understanding.
Order of the differential equation is the highest order derivative in a differential equation.
F Æ 02
F Æ 02
ℑ1 : G(x, y, c1 ) = 0 ℑ : H(x, y, c2 ) = 0
If
the families is said to beorthogonal
orthogonalintersect all curves
trajectories of another family 2
of the other. then each curve of
F Æ 02
Question No: 4 Marks:2
f1 ( x ) = 1 + x, f 2 ( x ) = x, f 2 ( x2 ) = x
The given functions are linearly independent.
F Æ 02
Question No: 5 Marks: 2
A set of functions whose wronskian is zero guarantees that set of functions is linearly dependent.
F Æ 02
(a) Define separable form. Just separate the variables of the given differential equation.
(rθ − 4r + θ − 4)dr − ( r θ + 20r − θ − 20 ) dθ = 0
2 2
Solution:
The differential equation of the form d y / d x = f (x, y) is called separable if it can be written in the form
d y / d x = h(x)g(y)
(rθ − 4r + θ − 4)dr − ( r 2θ + 20r 2 − θ − 20 ) dθ = 0
[ r (θ − 4) + 1(θ − 4)] r
2
(θ + 20 ) − 1(θ + 20) dθ
dr =
( r + 1) (θ − 4 ) dr = ( r 2 − 1) (θ + 20 ) dθ
( r + dr = (θ + 20 )
dθ
(θ − 4 )
1)
(1r) 2
−
1
dr =
(θ + 20 ) dθ
r− (θ − 4 )
1
(b) Check whether the given differential equation is exact or not if not then make it exact also show that it is exact
(Just make the equation exact do not solve it further).
( 2 y 2 + 3x ) dx + 2 xydy = 0
Solution
(2 y 2
+ 3x ) dx + 2xydy = 0
M ( x, y ) = 2 y + N ( x, y ) = 2 xy
2
3x,
My =4 Nx =2y
y,
My ≠ N
x
(2 y 2
+ 3x ) dx + 2 xydy = 0
M y − Nx 4y −2y 2 y 1
= = =
N 2 xy 2 xy x
1
∫
I .F = x
= eln x = x
dx
e
( 2 xy 2
+ 3x
2
) 2
dx + 2 x ydy = 0
M ( x, y ) = 2 xy 2 +
N ( x, y ) = 2 x 2 y
3x 2 ,
M y = 4xy, N x =
4xy
My =Nx
Solution
dy 3 − x2
xy − =ye
dx
−2 dy −3 −x
xy − y =e 2
dx
put y −2 = v
dy −3 dv
−2 y =
dx dx
dy −3 1 dv
− y =
dx 2 dx
Then
1 dv −x
+ vx = e 2
2 dx
dv − x2
+ 2vx = 2e
dx
Thus it is linear in “v”.
(b) The population of a town grows at rate proportional to the population at any time. Its initial population of 100
decreased by 20% in 20 years what will be the population in 30 years? (Just make the model of the
population dynamics as well as just describe the given conditions do not solve further)
Solution……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Suppose that P0 is the initial population of the town, as given P0 is 100 and P(t) the population at any time t then
population growth by the differential equation
dP
αP
dt
dP
= kP
dt
dP
= kdt
P
Integrate both sides
ln P = kt + c
P = ekt + c
kt c
P=e e
kt
P = P0e say P0 = ec
Where P0 is the initial population of the town
P0 =100 = P(0)
P(20)=100- 20 (100 )
100
P(20)=80
P (30) =?
3
y = x ln x dx
(
∫ ln x )
2
2
3
x
e5ln x
dx
y = x3
∫
ln x ( x 3 ln x )
2
y2 = x 3 ln x ∫ 2
ln x5
e
dx
( x ln x )
3
2
5
3 x
y = x ln x ∫ dx
2 x 6 ( ln x ) 2
y2 = x 3 ln x ∫ −2
(ln x)
dx
x
−2+1
3 (ln x)
y2 = x ln x
−2 + 1
1
y2 = − x 3 ln
ln x
y2 = − x 3
(b) Solve the differential equation by the undetermined coefficient (superposition approach)
y ''− 2 y '− 3 y = 2 cos θ
If complimentary solution is given below
yc = c1e3 x + c2 e−x
Then just find particular solution.
Solution……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
We find a particular solution of non-homogeneous differential equation.
Suppose input function
y p = A cos θ + B sin θ
Then
y ' p = − A sin θ + B cos θ
y '' p = − A cos θ − B sin θ
Substituting in the given differential equation
− A cos θ − B sin θ − 2 ( − A sin θ + B cos θ ) − 3 ( A cos θ + B sin θ ) = 2 cos θ
( − A − 2B − 3 A ) cos θ + ( − B + 2 A − 3B ) sin θ = 2 cos θ
From the resulting equations
− A − 2B − 3 A = − B + 2 A − 3B = 0
2;
−4 A − 2B = 2 ; 2 A − 4B = 0
2 A + B = −1;
A − 2B = 0 → A = 2B
→ 2(2B) + B = −1
→ 5B = −1
−1
→ B=
5
⎛ −1 ⎞
→
−2 A = 2 =
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 5 ⎠ 5
−2 −1
yp = cos θ + sin θ
5 5
Question No: 9 Marks:10
(a) Solve the differential equation by the undetermined coefficient (annihilator operator).
y ''− 4 y ' = x 3 − 2 x + 1
If complimentary solution is given below
yc = c1 + c24ex
Then find general solution.
Solution……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
In this case of input function is
g(x)= x 3 − 2 x + 1
further
D 4 ( g ( x)) = D 3 ( x 3 − 2 x + 1) = 0
4
Therefore the differential operator D annihilates the function g. operating on both sides
D 4 (D 2 − 4D) y = D 4 ( x 3 − 2x + 1)
4 2
D (D − 4D) y = 0
This is the homogeneous equation of order 5. Next we solve this higher order equation.
Thus auxiliary equation is
m 4 (m2 − 4m) = 0
m5 (m − 4) = 0
m = 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4
Thus its general solution of the differential equation must be
y = c1 + c2 x + c3 x 2 + 4c x 3 +5 c x 4 +6 c e 4 x
(b) Solve the differential equation by the variation of parameters
y ''− 2 y '− 3 y = x 3
If complimentary solution is given below
yc = c1e3 x + c2 e−
Then just find particular solution (do not integrate).
Solution……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
y ''− 2 y '− 3 y = x 3
This equation is already in standard form
y’’+ P(x)y’ +Q(x)y = f(x)
Therefore, we identify the function f(x) as
3
f(x) = x
We construct the determinants
Since y1 = e3 x , y = e − x so
2
3x
e e− x 3 x−x
W ( y1 , y2 ) = 3 x − x = −e − 3e3 x − x = −4e 2 x
3e −e
−x
0 e 3 −x
W1 = =−xe
x
3
−e −x
e3 x 0 3 3x
W2 = 3x 3 = x e
3e x
We determine the derivatives of the function u1 and u2
W 1 − x 3e − x x3
u '1 = = 2 x → u1 = ∫ e −3 x dx
W −4e 4
3 3x
W xe 3
u '2 = 2 = 2 x → u2 = x e x dx
W −4e ∫4
3x −x
y p = u1e + u2 e
dy x 2
−y=e y
The differential equation dx is not Bernoulli equation.
T
x
f ( x, y) =
x 2 + y 2 Is homogeneous.
T
F
Question No: 4 Marks: 2
A set
{ y1, y2 , ..., yn }
Of n linearly dependent solutions, on interval I , of the homogeneous linear nth-order differential equation
n n −1
d y d y dy
a n (x ) n
+ a n−1 ( x ) n−1 + L + a1 ( x ) + a 0 ( x ) y = 0
dx dx dx
Is said to be a fundamental set of solutions on the interval I .
(a) Define separable form. Just separate the variables of the given differential equation.
( 3rθ − 3θ + r −1) dr − ( 2rθ + 4θ − r − 2) dθ = 0
Solution
The differential equation of the form d y / d x = f (x, y) is called separable if it can be written in the form
d y / d x = h(x)g(y)
( 3rθ − 3 θ + r − 1 ) dr − ( 2rθ + 4θ − r − 2 ) dθ = 0
( 3rθ − 3θ + r − 1) dr = ( 2rθ + 4θ − r − 2 ) dθ
[3θ (r − 1) + 1(r − 1)] dr = ⎡⎣2θ ( r + 2 ) − 1(r + 2)⎤⎦ dθ
( r − 1) ( 3θ + 1) dr = ( r + 2 ) ( 2θ − 1) dθ
( r − 1dr
) = ( 2θ − 1d)θ
( r + 2) ( 3θ + 1)
(b) Check whether the given differential equation is exact or not if not then make it exact also show that it is
exact (Just make the equation exact do not solve it further).
⎛ 3 y 2 − x 2 ⎞ dy x
⎜ 5 ⎟ + 5 =0
⎝ y ⎠ dx 2 y
Solution
My ≠ Nx
Thus it is not exact now we apply techniques to make it exact
xdx + ( 6 y 2 − 2 x 2 ) dy = 0
N x −My −4 x
= = −4 = g ( y)
M x
I .F = e ∫ −4 dy = e −4 y
xe −4 y dx + e−4 y ( 3 y 2 − 2x 2 ) dy = 0
M ( x, y ) = xe −4 y , N ( x, y ) = e−4 y ( 3 y 2 − 2x 2 )
−4 y −4 y
M y = −4 xe , Nx = −4 xe
M y = Nx
Which shows that equation is exact
Solution
dy
3 5
x + 2xy = y
dx
dy −5 2 −4 1
y +2 y =3
dx x x
put y −4 = v
dy −5 dv
−4 y =
dx dx
dy −5 1 dv
y =−
dx 4 dx
Then
1 dv 2v 1
− + 2 = 3
4 dx x x
dv 8v −4
− 2 = 3
dx x x
Thus it is linear in “v”.
(b) Initially there were 200 milligrams of a radioactive substance present. After 8 hours the mass increased by
4%. If the rate of decay is proportional to the amount of the substance present at any time, determine half-life of
the radioactive substance? (Just make the model of the radioactive decay as well as describe the given
conditions do not solve further)
Solution
Suppose that A0 is the initial amount, as given A0 is 200 and A(t) be the amount present at time t then its governed
by the differential equation
dA
αA
dt
dA
= kA
dt
dA
= kdt
A
Integrate both sides
ln A = kt + c
A = ekt + c
kt c
A=e e
A= A say A = ec
kt
e 0 0
Solution
(1 + 2x ) y ''+ 2xy '− 4 = 0 , = e−2 x
y1
differential equation can be written as
2x 4
y ''+ y '− =0
1+2 1+2x
x
nd
the 2 solution is given by
e− ∫ pdx
y2 = y1 ∫ 2 dx
y1
2x
∫1+ 2 x dx −
−2 x e
y =e ∫ dx
2
( e−2 x )2
1+ 2 x
−
∫−1dx
1+ 2 x
e
y = e−2 x ∫ dx
2 e −4 x
1
∫ (
dx
−1)
1+ 2
−2 x xe
y =e
2
∫ e −4 x
dx
− x ln(1+ 2
x)
e e
∫
−2 x
y =e dx
2 e −4 x
e2ln(1+ 2 x )
y =e
2
−2 x
∫ e −3 x
dx
e ln(1+ 2 x )
y =e
2
−2 x
∫ e −3 x
dx
y =e
2
−2 x
∫ (1 + 2x)e 3x
dx
3x 3x
−2 x ⎡ e e ⎤
y2 = e ⎢
⎣
(1 + 2 x)
3
− ∫ (1 + 2 x) '
3 ⎦
dx ⎥
3x 3x
−2 x ⎡ e 2e ⎤
y2 = e ⎢ (1 + 2 x) − ∫ dx ⎥
⎣ 3 3 ⎦
e x 2e x
y2 = (1 + 2 x) −
3 9
(b) Solve the differential equation by the undetermined coefficient (superposition approach)
y ''− 2 y '− 3 y =
e4 x
Solution
Therefore the differential operator (D 2 + 1) 2 annihilates the function g. operating on both sides
(D 2 + 1)2 (D 2 − 4D) y = (D 2 + 1) 2 ( x cos x)
(D 2 + 1)2 (D 2 − 4D) y = 0
This is the homogeneous equation of order 6. Next we solve this higher order equation.
Thus auxiliary equation is
(m2 + 1) 2 (m 2 − 4m) y = 0
m(m − 4)(m2 + 1) 2 = 0
m = 0, 4, i, i, −i, −i
Thus its general solution of the differential equation must be
4x
y = c1 + c2 e + (c3 + 4c x) cos x + (c
5 +6 c x) sin x
Instructions
1. Attempt all questions.
2. The Time allowed for this paper is 60 minutes.
3. This examination is closed book, closed notes, closed neighbors; any one found cheating will get zero grades in
the course MTH401 Differential Equations.
4. You are not allowed to use any type of Table for Formulae of Differentiation and integration during your exam.
5. Each objective type question carries 2 marks and each Descriptive question carries 10 marks. So write every
step of the solution of descriptive question to get maximum marks.
6. Do not ask any questions about the contents of this examination from anyone. If you think that there is
something wrong with any of the questions, attempt it to the best of your understanding.
A differential equation said to be ordinary differential equation if it contains only ordinary derivatives with
respect to single variable.
A solution of the differential equation of the form y= f (x) is called the implicit solution.
A set of functions whose wronskian is zero then set of functions may or may not be dependent.
(a) Define separable form. Just separate the variables of the given differential equation.
dy
sec y + sin ( x − y ) = sin ( x + y )
dx
Solution
The differential equation of the form d y / d x = f (x, y) is called separable if it can be written in the form
d y / d x = h(x)g(y)
dy
sec y + s in( x − y ) = s in( x + y )
dx
dy
sec y = s in( x + y ) − sin ( x − y )
dx
dy
sec y = s in( x + y ) − sin ( x − y )
dx
dy
sec y sin =y dx
sin x cos y + cos x sin y − sin x cos y + cos x
dy
sec y y dx= 2 cos x sin
dy
= cos xdx
2 cos y sin y
dy
= cos xdx
sin 2 y
(b) Check whether the given differential equation is exact or not if not then make it exact also show that it is
exact (Just make the equation exact do not solve it further).
e x dx + ( e x cot y + 2 y cos ecy ) dy = 0
Solution
e x dx + ( e x cot y + 2 y c os ecy ) dy = 0
M ( x, y ) = e x , N ( x, y ) = e x cot y + 2 y co s ecy
x
M y = 0, Nx = e cot y
M y ≠ Nx
e x dx + ( e x cot y + 2 y c os e cy ) dy = 0
N x −My e cot y − 0
= = cot y
x
M e
I .F = e ∫ cot ydy = eln sin y = sin y
e x sin ydx + ( e x cos y + 2 y ) dy = 0
M ( x, y ) = e x sin y, N ( x, y ) = e x cos y + 2 y
Question No: 7 Marks: 10
dy
y+2 = y 3 ( x − 1)
(a) Solve Bernoulli equation dx (Just make the given equation linear in v, do not integrate)
Solution
dy 3
xy − = y ( x − 1)
dx
−2 dy −3
xy − y = ( x − 1)
dx
put y −2 = v
dy −3 dv
−2 y =
dx dx
dy −3 1 dv
− y =
dx 2 dx
Then
1 dv
+ vx = ( x − 1)
2 dx
dv
+ 2vx = 2( x − 1)
dx
(b) The radioactive isotope of the lead, Pb-209, decay at a rate proportional to the amount present at any time and
has a half-life of 4 hours. If 2 grams of the lead is present initially, how long will it take for 80% of the lead to
decay? (Just make the model of the radioactive decay as well as describe the given conditions do not solve
further)
Solution
Suppose that A0 is the initial amount of isotope, as given A0 is 100 and A (t) be the amount present at time t it
governed by the differential equation.
dA
αA
dt
dA
= kA
dt
dA
= kdt
A
Integrate both sides
ln A = kt + c
A = ekt + c
kt c
A=e e
kt
A = P0 e say A0 = e c
Where A0 is the initial amount of isotope
A0 =2 = A(0)
A(4)=2/2=1
Then we have to find time when radioactive isotope will take 80% decay. So as A initially given 2 and 80% of 2
is 8/5 so decay would be 1-8/5 = -3/5
P (t) = -3/5 , t=?
(a) Find a second solution of following differential equations where the first solution is given (also write the
2 2
formulae). x y′′ − 4xy′ + 6 y = y1 = x
Solution
0;
e ∫
− pdx
y2 = y1 ∫ dx
y12
e ∫
− −4
x
dx
∫
2
y2 = x dx
2 2
( ) x
4 dx
e∫ x
y2 = x ln x∫
3
dx
2
( x ln x )
3
e4ln x
y =x
2
2
∫ x4
dx
4
eln x
y = x ln x∫
3
dx
2 x4
x4
y =x
2
2
∫ x4
dx
2
= x∫
y dx
2
3
y2 = x
(b) Solve the differential equation by the undetermined coefficient (superposition approach)
y ''− 2 y '− 3 y = 4 sin θ
If complimentary solution is given below
3x −x
y c = c1e + c2 e
Solution
2
d y dy 2x
2 −4 =e
dx dx
If complimentary solution is given below
yc = c1 + c24 x
e
Then just find general solution.
Solution
In this case of input function is
2x
g(x)= e
further
(D − 2)( g ( x)) = (D − 2)(e 2 x ) = 0 annihilates the function g. operating on both sides
3
Therefore the differential operator D
(D − 2)(D 2 − 4D) y = (D − 2)(e 2 x )
2
(D − 2)(D − 4D) y = 0
This is the homogeneous equation of order 3. Next we solve this higher order equation.
Thus auxiliary equation is
(m − 2)(m2 − 4m) = 0
m(m − 2)(m − 4) = 0
m = 0, 2, 4
Thus its general solution of the differential equation must be
y = c1 + c2 e 4 x + c3 e 2 x
(b) Solve the differential equation by the variation of parameters
y ''− 4 y + 3 = cos x
If complimentary solution is given below
3x x
y c = c1e + c2 e
Then just find particular solution (do not integrate).
Solution
y ''− 4 y + 3 = cos x
This equation is already in standard form
y’’+ P(x)y’ +Q(x)y = f(x)
Therefore, we identify the function f(x) as
f(x) = cos x
We construct the determinants
Since y 1 = e3 x , y2 = e x so
3x x
e e
W ( y1 , y2 ) = 3x x
= e3 x + x − 3e3 x + x = −2e4 x
3e e
x
0 e
W1 = x
= cos xe x
cos x e
3x
e 0
W2 = 3 x = cos xe3 x
3e cos x
We determine the derivatives of the function u1 and u2
W1 cos xe x cos x −3 x
u' = = → u =∫ e dx
1 W −2e 4 x 1 −2
W cos xe3 x cos x − x
u' = 2 = → u =∫ e dx
2 W −2e 4 x 2 −2
3x x
y p = u1e + u2 e
Instructions
1. Attempt all questions.
2. The Time allowed for this paper is 60 minutes.
3. This examination is closed book, closed notes, closed neighbors; any one found cheating will get zero grades in
the course MTH401 Differential Equations.
4. You are not allowed to use any type of Table for Formulae of Differentiation and integration during your exam.
5. Each MCQ type question carries 2 marks and each Descriptive question carries 10 marks. So write every step of
the solution of descriptive question to get maximum marks.
6. Do not ask any questions about the contents of this examination from anyone. If you think that there is
something wrong with any of the questions, attempt it to the best of your understanding.
dy
The differential equation sec y + sin ( x − y ) = sin( x + y ) is
dx
Separable
x +1
2
y2
⇒ = 2 ln xC
x2
Solution:
Here k is constant of proportionality. Since initially population was 500, therefore P ( 0 ) = 500 . Also this
15
population increases by 15% in 10 years. The 15% of 500 is ( 500 ) = 7 5 , therefore population after 10 years is
100
(initial population + increase in 10 years) = 500+75 = 575 i.e. P (10 ) = 575 . So we have the boundary value
problem
dP
= kP subject to boundary conditions P ( 0 ) = 500, P (10 ) = 575 .
dt
( 0.0139 )t
P ( t ) = 500e
P ( 30 ) = 500e( 0.0139)30
≈ 760.
x 2y′′ + 2xy′ − 6 y = y1 = x2
0;
2
Here P ( x ) = . But second solution is given be
x
P( x )
e ∫
−
y2 = y1
∫ dx
dx
y12
2
−
∫ x
dx
e
⇒ =x
2
∫ 4
dx
x −2
ln x
e
⇒ = x2 ∫ e −2ln x
dx = x 2
∫ 4 dx
x
4 x
−2
x
⇒ = x 2∫ 4
dx = x 2 ∫1 6
x x
−5 dx
⎛x ⎞
⇒ = x2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ −5 ⎠
1
⇒ =− 3
5x
Note: This question can also solve using other method.
WWW.
vujannat.ning.c
om
http://
MIDTERM EXAMINATION (Solution File)
Total Marks:40
SEMESTER SPRING 2004
MTH401- Differential Equations Duration: 60min
Instructions
1. Attempt all questions.
2. The Time allowed for this paper is 60 minutes.
3. This examination is closed book, closed notes, closed neighbors; any one found cheating will get zero grades in
the course MTH401 Differential Equations.
4. You are not allowed to use any type of Table for Formulae of Differentiation and integration during your exam.
5. Each MCQ type question carries 2 marks and each Descriptive question carries 10 marks. So write every step of
the solution of descriptive question to get maximum marks.
6. Do not ask any questions about the contents of this examination from anyone. If you think that there is
something wrong with any of the questions, attempt it to the best of your understanding.
dy x+3y
The differential equation = is
dx 3x + y
Homogeneous
y p = A cos 2x + B sin 2x
f1 ( x ) = x,2 f ( x) = x22 , f ( x) = 4x − 3x 2
Question No: 5 Marks:2
x /2
The differential operator that annihilates 4e is:
2D −1
⎛ y⎞
⎜1 + ln x + ⎟ dx = (1 − ln x ) dy
⎝ x⎠
Solution:
Here
y
M = 1 + ln x + , N = − (1 − ln x )
x
δM 1 δN 1
⇒ M = = , N = =
y
δy x x
δx x
⇒ M y = Nx
So the given equation is an exact equation. Thus there exists a function f ( x, y ) such that
δf δf
=M and =N
δx δy
δf y δf
⇒ = 1 + ln x + − − (1) and = ln x − 1 − − ( 2 )
δx x δy
(1)
⇒ f = x + x ln x − x + y ln x + H ( y ) = x ln x + y ln x + H ( y )
δf
⇒ = ln x + H ′ ( y )
δy
( 2) ⇒ ln x − 1 = ln x + H ′ ( y)
⇒ − 1 = H′ ( y)
⇒ H( y) =−y
Hence f ( x, y ) = x ln x + y ln x − y
Solution:
Let A ( t ) be amount present at any time t. Then by given conditions, we have
dA
∝ A
dt
dA
⇒ = kA
dt
Initially there were 100 milligrams, therefore A ( 0 ) = 100 . Moreover, decreased by 3% will give us
3
100 − (100 ) = 97 milligrams after 6 hours i.e. A ( 6 ) = 97 . So we have boundary value problem
100
dA
= kA subject to boundary conditions A ( 0 ) = 100 , A ( 6 ) = 97
dt
The solution of this equation is given by
A ( t ) = Cekt where C is constant of integration.
Applying boundary conditions, we get
C = 100, k = −0.005076
⇒ A ( t ) = 100e−0.005076t
Amount remaining after 24 hours is obtained by putting t = 24 in above equation i.e.
−0.005076( 24 )
⇒ A ( t ) = 100e
= 88.529 mg.
Solution:
1
P ( x ) =2 .
x
P( x )
e ∫
−
y 2 = y1
∫ dx
2 dx
y1
1 dx
− ∫ x2
e
dx
⇒ y2
= ln x
∫ ( ln x )
2
= ln x ∫ 1
e x
dx
( ln x )
2
Instructions
1. Attempt all questions.
2. The Time allowed for this paper is 60 minutes.
3. This examination is closed book, closed notes, closed neighbors; any one found cheating will get zero grades in
the course MTH401 Differential Equations.
4. You are not allowed to use any type of Table for Formulae of Differentiation and integration during your exam.
5. Each MCQ type question carries 2 marks and each Descriptive question carries 10 marks. So write every step of
the solution of descriptive question to get maximum marks.
6. Do not ask any questions about the contents of this examination from anyone. If you think that there is
something wrong with any of the questions, attempt it to the best of your understanding.
Homogeneous
x
y p = Ae + B cos x + C sin x
f1 ( x ) = x,2 f ( x) ( x)
2 2
= x2 , f = 4x − 3x
Question No: 5 Marks:2
2x
The differential operator that annihilates 4e is:
( D − 2) ( D + 5)
Solution:
dy
It is of the form + P ( x ) y = Q ( x ) i.e. Linear First Order Differential Equation with
dx
P ( x ) = 2x , Q ( x ) = x3
I .F = u ( x ) = e ∫ P ( x ) dx
⇒ = e∫ 2 xdx
= ex
2
u ( x ) Q ( x ) dx
y=
∫ +C
--------------------(1.
u( x
)
Now
∫ u ( x ) Q ( x ) dx = ∫
2
x 3e x
1
=
2∫
(e x2
2x ) x 2 dx
1 x2 2
=
2
{ x
e x − ∫ e 2 2xdx } int egration by parts
1 x2 2
= {
e x −e2
x
}
1
{x 2
− 1} e x2
+C
y= 2 2
ex
1
Question No: 7 = ( x − 1) + Marks:10
2
A thermometer
thermometer is taken
reads 55° Ffrom anafter
, and inside room to the
5 minutes the reading
outside is
where
30° Fthe. What
air temperature is temperature
is the initial 5° F . After of
1 minute the
the room?
Solution:
Let T ( t ) be temperature at any time t and T0 be the temperature of the surroundings. Then by Newton’s
Method, we know that
dT
= k (T − T0 )
dt
Where k is constant of proportionality. Here we are given T0 = 5 and T (1) = 55,T ( 5) = 30 . Solving above
equation we get
kt
T = T0 + Ce
⇒ T = 5 + Ce kt
k = −0.173 , C ≈ 59.44 .
T = 5 + Ce0
=5+C
≈ 5 + 59.44 = 64.44ο F.
2 1/2
4x y′′ + y = 0; y1 = x ln x
Solution:
Comparing this equation with y′′ + P ( x ) y′ + Q ( x ) y = 0 , we get
P( x) =0.
P( x )
e ∫
−
y2 = y1 ∫
dx
dx
y12
0
y2 = x
1/ 2
ln x ∫ e dx
2
( x
1/ 2
ln x )
1
dx
1/ 2
=x ln x ∫
ln x ∫ x ( ln x )
2
1/ 2
=x
1 1
dx
( ln x ) x
2
⎛ ( ln x )−1 ⎞
1/ 2
=x ln x ⎜ ⎟
⎜ −1 ⎟
= − x1/ 2 ⎝ ⎠
www. vujannat.ning.com
True
False
Question No. 2 Marks : 1
In the homogeneous differential equation after substitution v=y/x the equation reduces to.
yc = c1e3 x + c2 xe3 x
Then just find the particular solution.
Question No. 4 Marks : 5
Solve
dy
+ xy = xy 2
dx
If the Wronskian W of three function f(x),g(x),h(x) is zero, what can be said about the
dependency of the functions
May or may not be dependent
Always dependent
Never dependent
None of the other
an ( x) = 0
If in the differential equation
n n−1 n−2
an ( x)d yn + an−1 ( x)d n−1y + an−2 ( x)d n −2y + .... + a1 ( x)
dy
+ a0 ( x) y = g ( x)
dx dx dx dx
I is correct only
I and II are correct
I and III are correct
IV is correct only
dy
Equation of the form + y = x 2 y 2 is called
dx
StudentID/LoginID:
Student Name:
Center Name/Code:
If the variation of the path of the curves can be describrd by the concept of differential equations
y − axis
then which of the following differential equation describe the path for .
► dy
=1
dx
► dy
=0
dx
► dy
= −1
dx
► dy
dx = ∞
► f (x) = e x
► f (x) = a
►
(
f (x) = eax ACosx + BSinx
)
► Suggestive form is impossible.
► −ex
► e−x
► xex
► −xe− x
Eigen values for the system of the differential equations X ′ = AX are evaluated for the
► Solution vector X
►
Coefficient matrix A
X1, X 2 ,"", X
n
Fundamental set of the solution vectors for any system of the differential
equations are obtained by
► Taking derivative of the each solution vector and forming the set
⎧ ′ ′ ′⎫
X , X ,"", X
► Taking Integral of the each solution vector and forming the set
⎧ ⎫
⎨∫ X1dx, ∫ X 2 dx,"", ∫ X n dx ⎬
⎩ ⎭
a
y=x
For the family with parameter 'a', of rectangular hyperbola , find its corresponding
orthogonal trajectorie and induce the parameter of the new family.
2 f ( x) = sin 3x
(a) Justify whether D + 9 annihilates the function (3)
Sin x x x=−x
(b) Evaluate Wronskian of functions and for x < 0 provided that for
x<0 (2)
∞ k
2 k
∑ k
x
k =0
n n +1
n=0 n =1
y ′ − xy = 0
(a) Develop a recurrence relation for the differential equation by applying power
series method. (8)
(b) Discuss shortly the linear independence of the power series solutions
⎡ ∞ ⎤
x ⎢2 + xk ⎥
y1 = A ∑
k =1 ( k + 1)!5.8.11........... ( 3k + 2 )
⎢ ⎥⎦
⎢ ⎥
⎣
and
⎡ ⎤
⎢ ∞ xk ⎥
y 2= Bx ⎢3 +∑ ⎥
⎢ k =1 k !1.4.7...........( 3k − 2) ⎥
⎣ ⎦
dx
y dt= 3x − 4
dy
⎡ ⎤ = 4x − 7 y
X = ⎢ 1⎥ e−5t dt
⎢⎣ 2⎥⎦
Verify that the vector is a solution of the system ; .
WWW.
vujannat.ning.com
http://
vujannat.ning.com
Largest Online Community of VU
Students
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
SPRING 2007 Marks: 40
MTH401 - DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (Session - 4 ) Time: 90min
StudentID/LoginID:
Student Name:
Center Name/Code:
► Linear
► Homogenous
► Separable
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The assumed particular solution for the U.C(Undetermined Coefficient) differential equation
' 2 2x
y −y = x e
is
► 2
y p = c1e x + 2c x 2
► y p = ( Ax + B)e
2x
► y x p= ( Ax 2 + Bx + c)e 2
► None of these.
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
dy 2
x + y = y ln x
dx
The differential equation is an example of
► Separable
► Homogenous
► Exact
► None of these.
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
► − x2
► e x2
► e− x2
► x2
dy x + 3 y − 5
=
dx x−y−1
► Homogenous
► Separable
► Exact
► None of these.
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 5 )
Solve
2
( ySec x + Secx tan x) dx + (tan x + 2 y) dy = 0
2
d y
2 + y = tan x sec x
dx