Answers to further problems

1.4 (a) R, = 3.333 kN R, =6.667kN

(b) R, = 9.6kN R, = 6.4 kN
(c) R, =4.625 kN R, =3.375kN
1.5 (a) Fab = 5 k N Fa, = -8.66 kN
(b) Fob = - 5 k N Fa, = -8.66 kN
(c) Fab =4.17kN FaC = -3 kN
(d) Fob = -4.71 kN Fa, = -7.454 kN Fk = 3.333 kN
(e) Fob = -4.71 kN Fa, = 3.727 kN Fk = 3.333 kN
1.17 3 1.O MN/mZ(compressive); 0.098 cm.
1.18 0.902 cm.
1.19 0.865 cm.
1.21 51.0 kN.
1.22 65.5 MN/m2tensile in steel; 4 1.O MN/m2compressive in copper; increase of length 0.6 1 1
cm; force to prevent expansion 135.5 kN.

2.2 Fob = -0.46 W Fad = 0.763 W Fbr = -0.651 W

Fcd = 0.46 W Fde = -0.008 W FM = -0.54 W
2.3 Fa, = 4 kN Fad = 2.829 kN FM = -1OkN Fcd = -4kN
Fdf = - 2 k N F,, = 5.66 kN Fed = -8 kN Fg = 5.66kN
2.4 Fa, = 7.8 kN Fk = -1.45 kN FM = -8.8 kN F,, = 6.8 kN
Fcd = 1 kN Fed = -1.45 kN Fq = -7.8 kN F, = 5.8 kN
F@ = 1 kN FJg = -1.45 kN Fp = -6.8 kN F, = 6.35 kN
Fgk = 0.5 kN Fgh = -3.9 kN FhL= -7.9 kN q.k= -4.5 kN
<., =4.5 kN Fu = - 4 k N
2.5 RA = 1.333 kN R, = 1.667 kN
Fa, = -1.54 kN Fa, = 0.77 kN F,, = 1.54 kN Fg = -1.54 kN
Fcf = -0.38 kN Fcd = 1.732 kN FJd = 0.38 kN FJg = - 1.92 kN

Fdg = 1.92 kN Fdb = 0.96 kN Fgb = - 1.92 kN

3.4 480 MN/m2.

3.5 521 kW.
3.6 295 d s 2 .
3.7 188.5 Nm.
3.8 d = 6.29 cm; cotter thickness 1.57 cm; mean width of cotter 7.98 cm; distance of cotter
hole from end of left-hand rod 2.97 cm; diameter of right-hand rod through cotter pin
8.28 cm; maximum diameter of right-hand rod 12.58 cm; distance of end of right-hand
rod from cotter hole 2.97 cm.
3.9 8.93 cycles/sec.
3.10 0.6 MN/m2.
692 Answers to further problems

4.7 376 kN/m.

5.7 50.0 MNIm’ tensile; 28.9 MN/m’ shearing.

5.8 greatest tensile stress 86.6 MNIm’; on plane at 34’ 44’ to cross-section;greatest shearing
stress 64.0 MN/m2,on planes at 10‘ 16’ and 79’ 44‘ to cross-section.
5.9 30 MN/m2tensile; 120 MN/m2compressive.
5.10 8 1.O MN/m2,inclined at 23‘ 27’ to horizontal.
5.1 1 90 MN/m2tensile; 60 MN/m2compressive;5.40 x 10‘‘ tensile; 4.35 x compressive.
5.12 7.5 MN/m2normal; 5 1.9 MN/m2,shearing.

6.8 11.O MN/m2

6.9 1.03 kg/m.
6.10 0.1 14 per cent.
6.1 1 (a) copper: 38.2 MN/m2; wire: 83.9 MNIm’;
(b) copper: 28.6 m / m 2 (compressive); wire: 230 MN/mz.
6.12 1.19 MNIm’.
6.13 171 MN/m2.

7.10 489 khW.

7.13 238 kNm; 0.75 m from A.

8.5 (a) 2.779 x lo-’ m4.

(b) 10.83 x m‘.
(c) 5.334 x
8.6 (a) 1.419 x 10-’m4.
(b) 3.942 x lO-’m‘.
8.7 W3 BH3/36

9.12 40.6 kN.m.

9.13 69.9 MN/m2.
9.14 15.9 MN/m2.
9.15 86.0 MNIm’.
9.16 6.17 cm.

10.4 1 cm thickness; 5 cm spacing of rivets, assuming one rivet at any cross-section.

10.5 maximum tensile stress of 124 MNIm’ is greater than the allowable stress; maximum
shearing stress of 18 MN/m2is less than the allowable stress.
10.6 96 per cent of shearing force carried by web; 88 per cent of bending moment carried by
flanges.
10.7 web thickness 0.67 cm; weld throats 0.33 cm.
10.8 T = 2450 ( U t )sin 0, where 0 is the angular position of any section from the vertical line
through the centre of the tube.
 Answers to further problems 693

10.9 bending is limiting, and gives an allowable superimposed load of 45 kN/m; required
welds 0.26 cm throat thickness.
10.10 (a) 1.273 R.
(b) 1.72 R.

11.8 0.378 x m2; 13.02 kN/m.

11.9 114 kN.
11.10 wood 4.56 MN/m2; steel 52.9 MN/m2; glue 0.21 MN/m2.
11.11 (i) 120 MN/m2.
(ii) 1.OO MN/m2.
(iii) 100 kN/m.
(iv) 0.75 cm.

12.3 tensile 155 MN/m2, compressive 147MN/m2; neutral axis 0.365 m from outside ofbox-
section.
12.4 17.68 kN; 11.8 MN/m2compressive.
12.6 maximum tensile 38.0 MN/m2; maximum compressive 46.0 MNIm2.
12.7 161 kN.
12.8 13.8 MN/m2; 5.94 cm from tip of T.

13.2 1.80 cm and 2.48 cm.

13.3 3.06 cm.

14.2 maximum bending moment 105 kNm; points of inflexion at 1.75 m from each end.
14.3 169.7 kNm at left-hand end; 150.0 kNm at right-hand end; 1.52 m from left-hand end;
1.69 m from right-hand end.

15.2 217 kN.

15.3 62.4 kN/m.
15.4 required elastic section modulus 791 cm3.
15.5 required elastic section modulus 2030 cm3.
15.6 84.2 k N / q with collapse in the end spans.
15.7 3.26 cm.

16.7 38.1 MN/m2; 1.09' ; 39.2 cm.

16.8 40.3 MN/m2; 3.83'.
16.9 Shearing stress 37.7 MN/m2; maximum tensile stress 37.7 MN/m2; angle oftwist 4.3 1'.
16.10 0.644: 1.
16.11 38.7 Nm.
16.12 147 MN/m2(tensile) at 34.8' to axis, 70.5 MN/m2(compressive) at 57.2*to axis.

17.15 No horizontal deflection.

17.16 609 kNm and 423 kNm.
17.17 3 WW4q at the support, where W is the weight of the ring.
17.18 12.45 PR 3/EI.
17.19 2.89 x 10-4m3.
694 Answers to further problems

17.20 1.288 x lO-3 m3.

17.21 6.324 x lO-4 m3(verticals); 9.486 x lO-4 m 3 (top left); 1.997 x lO-3 m 3 (top right).

18.2 970N.
18.3 0.10cm.
18.4 1.65kN.
18.5 24.5 kN.

19.6 [ -[w
w = .-(R2-r2)+
(3+v)
8xD 2(l+v) r2 In( i)]]

19.7 [*
6 4 0 (1+v)
[
pR4 ( 5 t v )
w=-----
(6+2~)
(1+v)
( ;)2+ 4;):(

M, = -k d
16p R 2 [I-( :)2];

pR2
16 [
M, = - - ( 3 + ~ ) + ( 1 + 3 -
~)
(;I2]}
19.8 [ i;l = w [O ( R ;
16nD (1+v) I]):(
- R,2)+2R,2 In

19.9 (a)[ 6= p
16xD
[-
(3+v) R22 --(7+3v) R:
(1+v) 4(l+v)
+ R: In (+)I ;

* = - lP
M ---
4n
[ (y)( ;)2-(l+v) h(+)];

(b) G =
'[
- R:
16nD
- 0.75R: + Rf
]I:[
In - ;
 Answers to further problems 695

G =L[I-o~($)~]
4R for~,/~,>057

and M* = - (Pl t v ) [ 0 2 i ( ~ ) 2 - In)](: for Rl R2<057;

4n

where P = p*nR:}

19.10 [ 2
0.126pR4 / ( E t 3 ) ; p (t A ) [-1.238(;)
2
t0507t0.0105(~)2]}

19.11
1 0.1 15WR2 / ( E t 3 ) ;2
t
[
W 0.621 In )!( - 0.436t 0.0224( f ) 2 ] ]

22.1 [:-:]
22.2 [: I:
22.3 [: I:
22.4 [-:-:]
22.5 [-: -I;]

22.6 [-: :!lo]

22.7 10.
696 Answers to further problems

22.8 4.
0.3 -0.1
22.9
[ - 0.2 0.41

[ oa]

I;’, -; ;I
22.10 ::.5 -

10 -1 -2
22.11

22.12 [-;I;
-8
I;: -3 2

22.13 [-a -:I:- -2

22.14 I-: ,”9 -1

I:
-4

22.15 :[ 11 -15
-P, I:- -8

22.16

22.17
[2 -;
-7.
7 -13

-4 -4

22.18 362.

22.19
I 0.429
-0.268
-0.571
- 0.286
- 0.143
- 0.286
- 0.571
- 0.286
0.429 I
 - -
0.1 33 - 1.66 x lod2 - 5.25 x 1O-2
22.20 - 1.66 x 1O-2 0.127 - 6.91 x lov2
-8.84 x 1O-2 - 1.10 x lo-* 0.202
- -
698 Answers to further problems

(b) u20 = 12.134lEI 0, =3.777/EI

8, = 1.132lEI
M , =-9.32kNm M2 = M.7 kNm
M3 =*6.58kNm M4 = -7.33 kNm

24.2 E[-:
1 -:I
24.3

24.4 c[
1 -1

112113 - 61i2 -- 12;13 - 6ii2

-6 I l2 411 6112 211

24.5 EI
-1211~ 6ii2 1211~ 6112
1-6 1l2 211 6112 411

25.7 7.00 Hz, 28Hz, etc., 11.85 Hz, 47.4 Hz etc.

25.8 4.73 Hz.
25.9 (3EIIML3)"/2n.
25.10 404.1 Hz, 598.5 Hz.
25.11 294.8 Hz,361.6 Hz, 485.4 Hz.
25.12 53.1 Hz,164.1 Hz.
25.13 40.56 Hz.
25.14 191.8 Hz, 354.3 Hz, 907.8 Hz.