Inverse Trigonometric Function Domain Range

y cos 1 x 1!x!1 0!y!

y sin 1 x 1!x!1 2
!y! 2
y tan 1 x all reals 2
!y! 2
y sec 1 x x ! 1; x " 1 0 ! y ! ; y # 2
y csc 1 x x ! 1; x " 1 2
!y! 2
;y # 0
y cot 1 x all reals 0!y!

d 1 d 1 du
dx
cos 1 x dx
cos 1 u dx
1 x2 1 u2
d 1 d 1 du
dx
sin 1 x dx
sin 1 u dx
1 x2 1 u2
d 1 d 1 du
dx
tan 1 x 1"x 2 dx
tan 1 u 1"u 2 dx
d 1 d 1 du
dx
sec 1 x dx
sec 1 u
x x2 1 u u 1 dx
2

d 1 d 1 du
dx
csc 1 x dx
csc 1 u dx
x x2 1 u u2 1
d 1 d 1 du
dx
cot 1 x 1"x 2 dx
cot 1 u 2
1"u dx

cos 1 x " k $ 1
dx d
dx
cos 1 u $ 1 du
dx
1 x2 1 u2

sin 1 x " k $ 1
dx d
dx
sin 1 u $ 1 du
dx
1 x2 1 u2

tan 1 x " k $ 1
1"x 2
dx d
dx
tan 1 u $ 1
2
du
1"u dx

sec 1 x " k $ 1
dx d
dx
sec 1 u $ 1 du
dx
x x2 1 u u2 1

csc 1 x " k $ 1
dx d
dx
csc 1 u 1 du
dx
x x2 1 u u2 1

cot 1 x " k $ 1
1"x 2
dx d
dx
cot 1 u 1
2
du
1"u dx
Graphs of the Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 Facts about Inverse Functions
For f a one-to-one function and f–1 its inverse:

1. If (a, b) is an element of f, then (b, a) is an element of f–1, and conversely.

2. Range of f = Domain of f–1

Domain of f = Range of f–1
3. DOMAIN f RANGE f 4. If x = f–1(y), then y = f(x) for y in the
f domain of f–1 and x in the domain
x f ( x)
of f, and conversely.
y
f –1( y ) y

f –1
y = f (x)
RANGE f –1 DOMAIN f –1

x
5. f[f–1(y)] = y for y in the domain of f–1 x = f –1( y)
f–1[f(x)] = x for x in the domain of f

6-9-74
 Inverse Sine Function
y

–
1
2
x

–1 2

Sine function y
y = sin –1 x
y
= arcsin x $1 , "
y = sin x # 2!
2
1 $ ,1 "
– #2 ! (0,0)
2 (0,0) x
x –1 1
$ – , –1 " –1 2
# 2 ! $ –1 , – " –
# 2! 2

' *
DOMAIN = &– 2 , 2 ) DOMAIN = [–1, 1]
% (
' *
RANGE = [–1, 1] R ANGE = &– 2 , 2 )
% (
Restricted sine function Inverse sine function
6-9-75
 Inverse Cosine Function
y

–1

Cosine function y
y = cos –1 x
y
= arccos x
y = cos x
(–1, )
(0,1)
1 " ,0 $
!2 # "0 , $
x ! 2#
0 2
–1 2 (1,0)
( , –1) x
–1 0 1
DOMAIN = [0, ] DOMAIN = [–1, 1]
RANGE = [–1, 1] RANGE = [0, ]
Restricted cosine function Inverse cosine function

6-9-76
 Inverse Tangent Function
y
y = tan x

3
Tangent function
1
2 2
x
3 –
– –1
2 2
y
y
y = tan –1x
"1 , $
y = tan x = arctan x
2 ! 4#

1 " ,1 $
– !4 # –1
2
x x
1
" – , –1 $ –1
! 4 # 2
" –1 , – $ –
! 4# 2

" $ DOMAIN = (–' , ' )

DOMAIN = %– 2 , 2 &
! # " $
RANGE = %– 2 , 2 &
RANGE = (–' ,') ! #
Restricted tangent function Inverse tangent function
6-9-77