SECTION 8.

5 STRATEGY FOR INTEGRATION ❙❙❙❙ 1

|||| 8.5 Strategy for Integration

A Click here for answers. S Click here for solutions.

1–45 |||| Evaluate the integral. 23. 3x
24.
ye cos 5x dx y cos 3x cos 5x dx
2x  5 sin x  cos x
1. y dx 2. y dx dx 1
x3 sin x  cos x 25. 26.
yx 3
x x1 2 y s9x 2  12x  5
dx
sx  2 x
3. y dx 4. y x  2 dx x
x2 2
27. y sx (1  sx) dx
3
28. yx dx
4
 2x 2  10
x cos x
5. yx dx 6. y dx 1
2
 2x  2 1  sin 2x 29. y sin x cos x dx 2 4
30. y s5  4x  x dx
2

1  cos x 2
7. y dx 8. y x 3 ln x dx ex 1
sin x 1 31. ye dx 32. y x 5 cosh x dx
2x
1 1

2 3 s9  x 2
9. y sin x cos x dx 10. y dx 4
x 33. y cos5 d 34. y tan 2
4x dx
0

1
11. y ln1  x 2
 dx 12. y sz (z  s
3
z ) dz 35. y sin  x cos  x dx
2 4
36. y cot 3
2x csc 3 2x dx
0

y x  x dx
3
13. 3
 x 2  2x dx 14. y s1  x  x 2 dx 37. y x dx 38. y 4  5 sin x
3 2
 1x 2  4
1 x
15. yx 3
8
dx 16. ye 2x
sin 3x dx 39. y x 2
 4x  3 sin 2x dx 40. y s16  x 4
dx

sin 2x 4 x2

y  lnx2  dx
3
17. y s9  cos dx 18. y tan 3x sec 4x dx 41. 42. yx dx
4 x 0 1 2
x2

x 2 1  cos 2 x
19. yx dx 20. yx cosh x dx 43. y x sec x tan x dx 44. y 1  cos x dx
2
 3x  2 2

x3  x  1 1 dx
21. yx dx 22. y cos  x tan  x dx 45. y xs2x  25
4
 2x 2  4x 0
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
2 ❙❙❙❙ SECTION 8.5 STRATEGY FOR INTEGRATION

Answers

E Click here for exercises. S Click here for solutions.


−1 x+2
1. 2x + 11 ln |x − 3| + C 30. sin +C
3
2. − ln |sin x + cos x| + C  
√
√  1  ex − 1 
31. ln  x +C
3. 2 x − 2 − 4 tan−1 12 x − 2 + C 2 e + 1
2 32. 0
4. ln |x + 2| + +C √
x+2 33. 43 2

2
 −1
120
5. 12 ln x − 2x + 2 + tan (x − 1) + C
34. 14 tan 4x − x + C
−1
6. tan (sin x) + C 1
35. 16 1
x − 64π 1
sin 4πx + 48π sin3 2πx + C
7. ln |1 − cos x| + C
3
36. 16 csc 2x − 10
1
csc5 2x + C
15
8. 4 ln 2 − 16
1 x2 + 1
3 5
9. 13 sin x − 15 sin x + C 37. ln +C
6 x2 + 4
 √   
√  3 − 9 − x2  1  tan (x/2) − 2 
10. 9 − x2 + 3 ln  +C
 38. ln  +C
x 3 2 tan (x/2) − 1 

2
 −1

2 
11. x ln 1 + x − 2x + 2 tan x+C 39. 12 (x + 2) sin 2x − 14 2x + 8x − 7 cos 2x + C


12. 52
55 40. 12 sin
−1 1 2
4
x +C
13. 86
3 41. ln 27
16
  √ √  
−1 √
14. 58 sin 1
(2x − 1) + 14 (2x − 1) 1 + x − x2 + C 42. ln x2 + x + 2 + 3
√ tan−1 1
√ (2x + 1) + C
5 7 7


1
15. 12 1
ln |x − 2| − 24 ln x2 + 2x + 4 43. x sec x − ln |sec x + tan x| + C
 
− 4√1
tan−1 √13 (x + 1) + C 44. −2 cot x − x + C
3
√ 
−1 1
1 2x 45. 25 tan 5
2x − 25 + C
16. 13 e (2 sin 3x − 3 cos 3x) + C
−1

1 
17. − sin 3
cos2 x + C
5
18. 12

(x + 2)2
19. ln +C
|x + 1|

2 
20. x + 2 sinh x − 2x cosh x + C
 4 
21. 14 ln x + 2x + 4x + C
2

2
22. π
1 3x
23. 34 e (5 sin 5x + 3 cos 5x) + C
1
24. 16 sin 8x + 14 sin 2x + C

2  −1
25. 12 ln |x + 1| − 14 ln x + 1 + 12 tan x+C
 √ 
26. 13 ln 3x + 2 + 9x2 + 12x − 5 + C
4/3 6 11/6
27. 34 x − 11 x +C
1 x2 + 1
28. tan−1 +C
6 3
1
29. 16 1
x − 64 1
sin 4x + 48 sin3 2x + C
 SECTION 8.5 STRATEGY FOR INTEGRATION ❙❙❙❙ 3

Solutions

E Click here for exercises. A Click here for answers.

 
2x + 5 (2x − 6) + 11 √
1. dx = dx 10. Let u = 9 − x2 . Then u2 = 9 − x2 , u du = −x dx ⇒
x−3 x−3  √  √ 
  9 − x2 9 − x2 u
11 dx = x dx = (−u) du
= 2+ dx = 2x + 11 ln |x − 3| + C x x2 9 − u2
x−3   
9 du
  = 1− du = u + 9
sin x − cos x (cos x − sin x) dx 9 − u2 u2 − 9
2. dx = −  
sin x + cos x sin x + cos x 9 u − 3
=u+ ln  +C
= − ln |sin x + cos x| + C 2 · 3 u + 3
√ 
√  9 − x2 − 3 
√ = 9 − x2 + 32 ln  √ +C
3. Let u = x − 2. Then x = u2 + 2, dx = 2u du ⇒ 9 − x2 + 3 
 √  
 √
x−2 u · 2u du 4 √ ( 9 − x2 − 3)2
dx = = 2 1 − du = 9 − x2 + 32 ln +C
x+2 u2 + 4 u2 + 4 x2

  √ 
= 2u − 82 tan−1 12 u + C √  3 − 9 − x2 
= 9 − x2 + 3 ln  +C

√
√  x
= 2 x − 2 − 4 tan−1 12 x − 2 + C
Or: Put x = 3 sin θ.
 
x dx (x + 2) − 2
4. = dx

(x + 2)2 (x + 2)2 11. Use integration by parts: u = ln 1 + x
, dv = dx ⇒2
 
1 2 2 2x
= − 2 dx = ln |x + 2| + +C du = dx, v = x, so
x+2 (x + 2) x + 2 1 + x2
 
  

 2x dx
x dx 1 (2x − 2) dx dx ln 1 + x2 dx = x ln 1 + x2 − x ·
5. = + 1 + x2
x2 − 2x + 2 2 x2 − 2x + 2 (x − 1)2 + 1  


 1
= 12 ln x2 − 2x + 2 + tan−1 (x − 1) + C = x ln 1 + x2 − 2 1− dx
1 + x2


6. Let u = sin x. Then = x ln 1 + x2 − 2x + 2 tan−1 x + C
 
cos x dx du
= = tan−1 u + C
1 + sin2 x 1 + u2
= tan−1 (sin x) + C 1√ √ 1

12. 0
z (z + 3 z) dz = 0 u3 u6 + u2 6u5 du
√
  [u = 6 z, u6 = z, dz = 6u5 du]
1 + cos x 1
14   1 15 
7. dx = (csc x + cot x) dx = 6 0 u + u10 du = 6 15 u + 11 1 11 1
u 0
sin x

1 
= ln |csc x − cot x| + ln |sin x| + C = ln |1 − cos x| + C = 6 15 1
+ 11 26
= 6 · 165 = 52
55
 
1 + cos x 1 − cos2 x (Note that this integral can also be evaluated without
Or: dx = dx
sin x sin x (1 − cos x) substitution.)

sin x dx
= = ln |1 − cos x| + C
1 − cos x
3  3 
13. x + x2 − 2x dx = 3 |(x + 2)x(x − 1)| dx
−3 −3
8. Integrate by parts with u = ln x, dv = x dx
3
⇒ −2
 0

4
= − −3 x3 + x2 − 2x dx + −2 x3 + x2 − 2x dx
du = dx/x, v = x /4: 1
 3

2 3  2 2 − 0 x3 + x2 − 2x dx + 1 x3 + x2 − 2x dx
1
x ln x dx = 14 x4 ln x 1 − 14 1 x3 dx
 4 2 Let f (x) = 14 x4 + 13 x3 − x2 . Then f  (x) = x3 + x2 − 2x,
1 15
= 4 ln 2 − 16 x 1 = 4 ln 2 − 16 so
3  3 

 x + x2 − 2x dx = −f (−2) + f (−3) + f (0)
−3
9. sin2 x cos3 x dx = sin2 x 1 − sin2 x cos x dx

 − f (−2) − f (1) + f (0) + f (3) − f (1)
= u2 1 − u2 du (put u = sin x) = f (−3) − 2f (−2) + 2f (0) − 2f (1) + f (3)

2 

5  81
= u − u4 du = 94 − 2 − 83 + 2 · 0 − 2 − 12 + 4 = 86 3
= 13 u3 − 15 u5 + C = 1
3
sin3 x − 1
5
sin5 x + C
4 ❙❙❙❙ SECTION 8.5 STRATEGY FOR INTEGRATION

√ √
2
14. Let x − 12 = 25 u. Then dx = 25 du, u = √1 (2x − 1) 20. Integrate by parts: u = x , dv = cosh x dx
5
⇒ ⇒ du = 2x dx, v = sinh x, so
√ 5
2
I = x2 cosh x dx = x2 sinh x − 2x sinh x dx. Now let
1 + x − x2 dx = 4
− x − 12 dx
√ U = x, dV = sinh x dx ⇒ dU = dx, V = cosh x. So
= 54 1 − u2 du = 54 cos θ cos θ dθ
5
= (θ + sin θ cos θ) + C

8

 I = x2 sinh x − 2 x cosh x − cosh x dx
5 2x − 1 2x − 1 2 √
= sin−1 √ + √ √ 1 + x − x2 + C = x2 sinh x − 2 [x cosh x − sinh x]
8 5 5 5
  √

5
= 8 sin −1 √ 1 1
(2x − 1) + 4 (2x − 1) 1 + x − x2 + C = x2 + 2 sinh x − 2x cosh x + C
5
  
dx 1/12 x/12 + 1/3
15. = − dx
x3 − 8 x−2 x2 + 2x + 4 
x3 + x + 1  
  21. dx = 1
ln x4 + 2x2 + 4x + C
1 1 x+4 x4 + 2x2 + 4x 4
= − 2 dx
12 x−2 x + 2x + 4

1 2x + 2
= 121
ln |x − 2| − dx 1 1
24 x2 + 2x + 4 22. 0
cos πx tan πx dx = 0
sin πx dx
 1
1 dx = − π1 (−π sin πx) dx = − π1 [cos πx]10
− 0
4 (x + 1)2 + 3

 = − π1 (−1 − 1) = 2
π
= 121 1
ln |x − 2| − 24 ln x2 + 2x + 4
 
1 −1 √ 1
− 4√ 3
tan 3
(x + 1) +C
3x
23. Integrate by parts twice, first with u = e , dv = cos 5x dx:
2x
16. I = e sin 3x dx e 3x
cos 5x dx = 1 3x
e sin 5x − 3 3x
e sin 5x dx
5 5

= − 13 e2x cos 3x + 23 e2x cos 3x dx = 1 3x
e sin 5x + 3 3x
e cos 5x
5 25
2x
[u = e , dv = sin 3x dx, 9
− 25 e 3x
cos 5x dx, so
2x
du = 2e , v = − 13
cos 3x] 34
25
e3x
cos 5x dx = 251 3x
e (5 sin 5x + 3 cos 5x) + C1 and

 3x 1 3x
= − 13 e2x cos 3x + 3 3 e sin 3x − 23 e2x sin 3x dx
2 1 2x
e cos 5x dx = 34
e (5 sin 5x + 3 cos 5x) + C.
2x
[U = e , dV = cos 3x dx,
dU = 2e2x , V = 13 sin 3x] 1
24. cos 3x cos 5x dx = 2
[cos 8x + cos 2x] dx
So I = − 3 e cos 3x + 29 e2x sin 3x − 49 I ⇒
1 2x
1 1
= 16
sin 8x + 4
sin 2x + C
13
9
I = 19 e2x (2 sin 3x − 3 cos 3x) + C1 and Or: Integrate by parts.
1 2x 9
I = 13 e (2 sin 3x − 3 cos 3x) + C, where C = 13 C1 .
17. Let u = cos x ⇒ 2  
dx dx
du = −2 cos x sin x dx = − sin 2x dx ⇒ 25. =
  x3 + x2 + x + 1 (x + 1) (x2 + 1)
sin 2x −du
  
√ dx = √ = − sin−1 13 u + C 1/2 x/2 − 1/2
9 − cos4 x 9 − u2 = − dx

 x+1 x2 + 1
= − sin−1 13 cos2 x + C 

1 1 x 1
= − 2 + 2 dx
18. Let u = tan x. Then 2 x+1 x +1 x +1
π/4

0
tan 3 x sec4 x dx = = 12 ln |x + 1| − 14 ln x2 + 1 + 12 tan−1 x + C
π/4

0
tan3 x tan2 x + 1 sec2 x dx
1
 1

= 0 u3 u2 + 1 du = 0 u5 + u3 du
26. Let u = 3x + 2. Then
 1  
= 16 u6 + 14 u4 0 = 16 + 14 = 12
5
√
dx
= 
dx
   9x + 12x − 5
2
(3x + 2)2 − 9
x −1 2
19. dx = + dx 
x + 3x + 2
2 x+1 x+2 du 1 1 u
 √ = = cosh−1 + C1
(x + 2)2 u −9
2 3 3 3
= ln +C 1

−1 1

|x + 1| = 3 cosh 3
(3x + 2) + C1
 √ 
= 3 ln 3x + 2 + 9x2 + 12x − 5 + C
1

Or: Substitute u = 3 sec θ.

 SECTION 8.5 STRATEGY FOR INTEGRATION ❙❙❙❙ 5

   1/3 
27. x1/3 1 − x1/2 dx = x − x5/6 dx 35. sin2 πx cos4 πx dx
 2
= 34 x4/3 − 6 11/6
x +C = 12 (1 − cos 2πx) 12 (1 + cos 2πx) dx
11


= 18 (1 − cos 2πx) 1 + 2 cos 2πx + cos2 2πx dx

2 = 18 (1 + 2 cos 2πx + cos2 2πx − cos 2πx
28. Let u = x + 1. Then du = 2x dx, so
  − 2 cos2 2πx − cos3 2πx)dx
x x
dx =

x4 + 2x2 + 10 (x2 + 1)2 + 9 = 1
1 + cos 2πx − cos2 2πx − cos3 2πx dx
 8
 
1 du
 1
= = 12 · 13 tan−1 13 u + C = 8
1 + cos 2πx − 12 (1 + cos 4πx) dx
2 u2 + 9
− 18 cos3 2πx dx
1 x2 + 1
1 
= tan−1 +C = 1
+ cos 2πx − 12 cos 4πx dx
6 3 8 2


− 18 1 − sin2 2πx cos 2πx dx


1 1 1 1

29. sin2 x cos4 x dx = (sin x cos x)2 cos2 x dx = 8 2
x + 2π sin 2πx − 8π sin 4πx

 1
= 14 sin2 2x 12 (1 + cos 2x) dx − 18 1 − u2 2π du
[u = sin 2πx, du = 2π cos 2πx dx]
= 18 sin2 2x dx + 18 sin2 2x cos 2x dx
= 1
+ 1
sin 2πx − 1
sin 4πx
= 161 1
(1 − cos 4x) dx + 16 sin2 2x (2 cos 2x) dx 16
x 16π 64π


= 1 1
− sin 4x + sin 2x + C
x 1 3 − 1
16π
u − 13 u3 + C
16 64 48
1 1 1
Or: Write = 16
x + 16π
sin 2πx − 64π
sin 4πx
1
sin2 x cos4 x dx = (1 − cos 2x) (1 + cos 2x)2 dx. − 1
16π
sin 2πx + 1
48π
sin3 2πx + C
8
= 1
16
x − 1
64π
sin 4πx + 1
48π
sin3 2πx + C
36. Let u = csc 2x. Then du = −2 cot 2x csc 2x dx ⇒
30. Let u = x + 2. Then du = dx ⇒
  3
cot 2x csc 2x dx 3
dx dx

√ = 
5 − 4x − x2 = csc2 2x csc2 2x − 1 cot 2x csc 2x dx
9 − (x + 2)2


4 
 u
 = u2 u2 − 1 − 12 du = − 12 u − u2 du
du x+2  
= √ = sin−1 + C = sin−1 +C = − 12 15 u5 − 13 u3 + C = 16 csc3 2x − 10
1
csc5 2x + C
9 − u2 3 3
x Ax + B Cx + D
37. = 2 + 2 ⇒
(x2 + 1) (x2 + 4) x +1 x +4
x
31. Let u = e . Then x = ln u, dx = du/u ⇒
2 
2 
   x = (Ax + B) x + 4 + (Cx + D) x + 1 ⇒
x
e dx u (du/u) du 0 = A + C, 0 = B + D, 1 = 4A + C, and 0 = 4B + D
= =
e2x − 1 u2 − 1 u2 − 1 ⇒ A = −C = 13 , B = D = 0.
    
1 u − 1 1
= 
ln  +C x dx x x
2 u + 1 = − dx
(x2 + 1) (x2 + 4) 3 x2 + 1 x2 + 4
 x 


1 e − 1 ln x2 + 1 ln x2 + 4 1 x2 + 1
= 
ln  x +C = − + C = ln 2 +C
2 e + 1 6 6 6 x +4
x
38. If t = tan , then
2

1  
32. x5 cosh x dx = 0 because x5 cosh x is odd. dx 2 dt/ 1 + t2
−1 =
4 − 5 sin x 4 − 10t/ (1 + t2 )
 
dt dt
= =
33. Let u = sin θ. Then 2 (1 + t2 ) − 5t (t − 2) (2t − 1)
π/4 π/4
2  
0
cos5 θ dθ = 0 1 − sin2 θ cos θ dθ 1/3 2/3
1/√2
2 1/√2
4  = − dt
= 0 1 − u2 du = 0 u − 2u2 + 1 du t−2 2t − 1
1
 1/√2 = ln |t − 2| − 13 ln |2t − 1| + C
3
= 15 u5 − 23 u3 + u 0 = 201√2 − 3√
1
+ √12  
2
1  tan (x/2) − 2 
√ = ln  +C
= 43 2
120 3 2 tan (x/2) − 1 


34. tan2 4x dx = sec2 4x − 1 dx = 1
4
tan 4x − x + C
6 ❙❙❙❙ SECTION 8.5 STRATEGY FOR INTEGRATION

 
2
39. Use parts twice. First let u = x + 4x − 3, dv = sin 2x dx
1 + cos2 x 1 + cos2 x
44. dx = dx
1 − cos2 x sin2 x
⇒ du = (2x + 4) dx, v = − 12 cos 2x. Then


2  = csc2 x + cot2 x dx
I = x + 4x − 3 sin 2x dx



 = 2 csc2 x − 1 dx
= x2 + 4x − 3 − 12 cos 2x = −2 cot x − x + C

 √
+ (2x + 4) 12 cos 2x dx 2
45. Let u = 2x − 25 ⇒ u = 2x − 25 ⇒
1 2u
Now let U = 2x + 4, dV = 2
cos 2x dx ⇒ dU = 2 dx,  du = 2 dx ⇒  
1 dx u du du
V = sin 2x. Then
4 √ = 1 =2 2 + 25


 x 2x − 25 2
(u2 + 25) · u u
I = x2 + 4x − 3 − 12 cos 2x

= 25 tan−1 15 u + C


√ 
+ (2x + 4) 14 sin 2x − 1
2
sin 2x dx = 25 tan−1 15 2x − 25 + C


= − 12 x2 + 4x − 3 cos 2x +
1
(x + 2) sin 2x + 14 cos 2x + C
2


= 12 (x + 2) sin 2x − 14 2x2 + 8x − 7 cos 2x + C

2
40. Let u = x . Then du = 2x dx ⇒
 
x dx 1 du
√ = √
16 − x4 2 16 − u2
1


−1 1
= 2 sin 4
u +C
1


−1 1 2

= 2 sin 4
x +C

3 2 3
41. 1
|ln(x/2)| dx = − 1
ln(x/2)dx + 2
ln(x/2)dx. Let
u = x/2. Then x = 2u, dx = 2 du ⇒
 
ln(x/2)dx = 2 ln u du

= 2 (u ln u − u) + C
= x ln(x/2) − x + C
so
3
1
|ln(x/2)| dx = [x − x ln(x/2)]21 + [x ln(x/2) − x]32
   
= 2 − 1 − ln 12 + 3 ln 32 − 3 − (−2)
= 3 ln 3 − 4 ln 2 = ln 27
16


x+2
42. dx
x2 + x + 2
 
1 2x + 1 3 dx
= dx +
2
2 x2 + x + 2 2 x + 12 + 74

 

= 12 ln x2 + x + 2 + 32 √27 tan−1 √27 x + 12 + C
√  
= ln x2 + x + 2 + √37 tan−1 √17 (2x + 1) + C

43. Integrate by parts with u = x, dv = sec x tan x dx ⇒

du = dx, v = sec x:

x sec x tan x dx

= x sec x − sec x dx = x sec x − ln |sec x + tan x| + C