Using Hand Knuckle Texture For Biometric Identification

Using Hand Knuckle texture
For Biometric Identification

Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal
Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Authors: Miguel Ángel Ferrer Ballester

Carlos Manuel Travieso González
Jesús Bernardino Alonso Hernández
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Departamento de Señales y Comunicaciones
39th International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology

11-14 october, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain 1
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Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal Outline
Biometrics systems
Hand based biometric systems
Our proposal: hand knuckle texture for biometric identification
Enrollment procedure
Preprocessing
Features
Classifier
Results
Conclusions
2
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Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal Biometrics systems
9Biometrics: computerized methods of recognizing people

based on physical or behavioral traits.
9Biometric applications include face recognition, voice
analysis, iris identification, etc...
9Researchers have determined that the hand contains
features that can be seen used for personal identification
3
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Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal Hand based biometrics systems
Hand based biometrics modality provides a high degree of

accuracy in performance and is considered acceptable by
the greatest number of possible users
The large size of the actual hand geometry readers restrics

their use in widespread applications such as those requiring
a small user interface
4
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Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal Hand based biometrics systems
Hand based biometrics features include

Hand geometry
The hand's silhouette
Palm-print-based systems
Hand pressure profile
Finger wrinkles
The base of the finger....
5
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Hand geometry
Hand geometry:
Use to capture two orthogonal two dimensional images of

the palm and the sides of the hand in infrarred band.
6
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Image from Qualda technologies
Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal Hand geometry
and collect several dimensional

measurements including finger
width, height and length,
distances between joints....
7
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Measures of the knuckle shape has been also proposed for

biometric identification
8
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The Colombia Legislature uses a hand based system to confirm

the identity of voting members prior to conducting votes.
The US Immigration and Naturalization Service uses a similar
system to verify the identity of travellers at border crossings.
The University of Georgia uses hand based systems to restrict
cafeteria access to students to those enrolled in the
university's meal plan.
9
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Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal The hand's silhouette
Another hand based biometrics is the hand’s silhouette:

The five pairs of fingers were extracted from the contours and
aligned separately.
The Mean Alignment Error between two sets of contours is used
to quantify the match quality
10
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Hand’s surface
Recently a hand surface based measure of the hand using
structured light has been proposed
11
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Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal Palm-print-based systems
Different works have presented different palm-print

features as principal-line and wrinkle features, deltapoint
features and minutiae, palm texture...
12
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Hand palm system
13
Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal Hand pressure profile
Tactex proposed to identify

persons using the pressure
profile of the hand
14
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Finger wrinkles
Toshiba+TEC
demonstrated a system
that measures finger
wrinkles using
electrostatic capacities to
measure wrinkles behind
the two joins of a finger
15
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The base of the finger
16
hand knuckle texture
for biometric identification
In this paper we propose a first approach of an automatic
biometric system based on the texture of the knuckles skin
It concerns quite a lot to Sgt. Snorkle of The Beetle Baily comic strip
17
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hand knuckle texture
Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria for biometric identification
Doest it meet the four criteria of universality, uniqueness,

permanence, and collectability?
Universality: yes
Uniqueness: it seems that yes
Permanence: it changes very slowly
Collectability: yes
18
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Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal Enrollment
The subject was instructed to place his or her right

hand flat against a table with some pegs.
A Sony DSC-P8 sensor was used.

This sensor captures a 2048x1536
Colour image
JPEG format.
Preliminary data base consist on

20 people, 8 picture per people
19
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Enrollment
20
Select area around the knuckles
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Preprocessing
21
It is converted to gray scale
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Preprocessing
22
Preprocessing
And from gray scale to black and white image with a
pixel by pixel threshold
The quality of this image is poor for wrinkles detection,

so image enhancement is applied.
23
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Preprocessing
A Fourier transform enhancement technique is applied
to the black and white image obtaining
24
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Preprocessing
And a new binarization process is applied with a block
otsu’s threshold getting the image with the knuckle

wrinkles
25
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male
Some examples:
female
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Preprocessing
26
Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal features
The feature is the same image.
Obviously, the different repetition of the hands are not

exactly in the same position and orientation.
In order to improve the translation and rotation invariance,
a training image is taken as reference and the other images
are shifted and rotated looking for the best match.
27
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Classifier
The hidden Markov Model (HMM):
•Discrete left to right model

•40 states
•64 symbols per state
•Multilabeled: 10 labels
The HMM software used is the gpdsHMM toolbox which
is freely available from: http://www.gpds.ulpgc.es
The support vector machine (SVM):

•Gaussian kernel
•Gamma= 10-6
the SVMlight software can be downloaded free of charge
from http://www.kernel-machines.org/software.html.
28
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Results
• we have used 4 hands for training and 4 for test chosen
randomly.
• the training and test procedure was repeated ten times
29
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HMM classifier
Results
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SVM classifier
30
Grupo de Procesado Digital de la Señal Conclusion
This paper has proposed a new biometric based on the

knuckle crease of the hand
The performances of both systems are similar and near to
equal error rate of 0.094.
This first approach provides encouraging result in order to
explore new features to improve the results of this paper.
31
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Using Hand Knuckle texture
For Biometric Identification
Authors: Miguel Ángel Ferrer Ballester

Carlos Manuel Travieso González
Jesús Bernardino Alonso Hernández
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Departamento de Señales y Comunicaciones
39th International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology

11-14 october, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain 32
www.gpds.ulpgc.es

Using Hand Knuckle Texture For Biometric Identification

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Using Hand Knuckle Texture For Biometric Identification

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Using Hand Knuckle texture

For Biometric Identification

Authors: Miguel Ángel Ferrer Ballester

39th International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology

9Biometrics: computerized methods of recognizing people

Hand based biometrics modality provides a high degree of

The large size of the actual hand geometry readers restrics

Hand based biometrics features include

Use to capture two orthogonal two dimensional images of

and collect several dimensional

Measures of the knuckle shape has been also proposed for

The Colombia Legislature uses a hand based system to confirm

Another hand based biometrics is the hand’s silhouette:

structured light has been proposed

Different works have presented different palm-print

Tactex proposed to identify

biometric system based on the texture of the knuckles skin

Doest it meet the four criteria of universality, uniqueness,

The subject was instructed to place his or her right

A Sony DSC-P8 sensor was used.

Preliminary data base consist on

Select area around the knuckles

It is converted to gray scale

pixel by pixel threshold

The quality of this image is poor for wrinkles detection,

to the black and white image obtaining

otsu’s threshold getting the image with the knuckle

The feature is the same image.

Obviously, the different repetition of the hands are not

•Discrete left to right model

The support vector machine (SVM):

This paper has proposed a new biometric based on the

Authors: Miguel Ángel Ferrer Ballester

39th International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology

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