Code :R7410301 1

IV B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010

OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Define and explain the following terms used in linear programming
i. Objective function iii. Constraints
ii. Feasible solutions iv. Optimal solutions
(b) Solve the following LPP and its dual by simplex method
M axZ = 5x1 + 12x2 + 4x3
Subject to x1 + 2x2 + x3 ≤ 5
2x1 − x2 + 3x3 = 2
x1 , x2 , x3 ≥ 0
Verify that the solutions of primal can be read from the optimal table of the dual and vice versa.
2. (a) Explain the Hungarian method to solve an assignment problem
(b) A company has six jobs which go through three machines x,y and 2 in the order xyz. The processing time in
minutes for each job on each machine is as follows.
Jobs
1 2 3 4 5 6
x 18 12 29 36 43 37
Machine y 7 12 11 2 6 12
z 19 12 23 47 28 36
What should be the sequence of the jobs that will minimize total elapsed time and ideal time for each machine.
3. A manufacturer is offered two machines A and B. Machine A is priced at Rs 10,000 and running costs are estimated
as Rs 1600 for each of the first five years, increasing by Rs. 400 per year with sixth and subsequent years. Machine
B which has the same capacity as A, costs Rs 5000 but will have a running costs of Rs 2400 per year for six years,
increasing by Rs 400 per year thereafter. If money is worth 10% per year, which machine should be purchased?
Assume that the machine will eventually be sold for scrap at a negligible price.
4. (a) Explain the graphical method of solving 2xn and mxz games.
(b) Solve the following game after reducing it to a 2x2 game.
Player B
B1 B2 B3
A1 1 7 2
Player A A 6 2 7
2
A3 5 1 6
5. (a) What do you understand by
i. Queue discipline
ii. Arrival pattern
iii. Service pattern
(b) In a railway marshally yard, goods trains arrive at a rate of 30 trains per day. Assuming that the inter arrival
time follows an exponential distribution and service time distribution is also exponential with an average of
36 minutes. Calculate.
i. Expected queue size
ii. Probability that the queue exceeds 10.
If the input of trains increases to an average of 33 per day, what will be the change in (i) and (ii).
6. (a) Clearly explain with suitable examples the different costs that will involved in the inventory problems.
(b) A contractor has to supply 10,000 bearings per day to an automaker manufacturer. He finds that when he
starts production run, he can produce 25,000 bearings per day. The cost of holding a bearing in stock for
a year is Rs 2 and the set up cost of a production run is Rs 180. How frequently should production can be
made?
7. Use dynamic programming to solve the following linear programming problem
M aximize z = 3x1 + 5x2
subject to
x1 ≤ 4
x2 ≤ 6
3x1 + 2x2 ≤ 18
x1 , x2 ≥ 0
8. (a) What are random numbers? What are random number useful in simulations models?
(b) What is Monte Carlo simulation? Describe the idea of experimentation in simulation.

?????
Code :R7410301 2
IV B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What is operations research? State the opportunities and shortcomings of operations research.
(b) Solve the following problem by using two - phase simplex method.
M in. Z = x1 − 2x2 − 3x3
Subject to
−2x1 + 3x2 + 3x3 = 2
2x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 = 1
x1 , x2 , x3 > 0
2. (a) Explain briefly about unbalanced transportation problem and degenerate case in transportation
problem.
(b) A salesman estimates that the following would be the cost on his route, visiting the six cities as
shown in the table below.
To city
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 x 20 23 27 29 34
2 21 x 19 26 31 24
From city 3 26 28 x 15 36 26
4 25 16 25 x 23 18
5 23 40 23 31 x 10
6 27 18 12 35 16 x
The salesman can visit each of the cities once. Determine the optimum sequence he should follow
to minimize the total distance travelled. What is the total distance travelled?
3. (a) Explain how the theory of replacement is used in the following problems.
i. Replacement of items whose maintenance cost varies with time.
ii. Replacement of item that fail completely.
(b) The cost of new machine is Rs 4000, The maintains cast of nth year is given by Rn = 500(n-1),
n=1,2,.. Suppose that the discount rate per year is 0.05. After how many years, will it be economical
to replace the machine by a new one.
4. (a) Explain the following:
i. Principles of dominance
ii. Pure strategy in game theory.
(b) A company is currently involved in negotiations with its union on the upcoming wage contract,
positive signs in the table represent wage increase while negative sign represents wage reduction.
What are the optimal strategies for the company as well as the union? What is the game value?
Conditions costs to the company (Rs in Lakhs)
Union Strategies
U1 U2 U3 U4
C1 0.25 0.27 0.35 -0.02
Company Strategies C2 0.20 0.06 0.08 0.08
C3 0.14 0.12 0.05 0.03
C4 0.30 0.14 0.19 0.00
5. (a) State and explain the basic elements of queues.
(b) A post office has 3 windows providing the same service. It receives an average 300 customers per
hour. Arrivals are poisson distribution and service time is exponential distribution. Each window
serves on an average 12 customers per hour.
i. What is the probability that a customer will be served immediately?
ii. What is the probability that a customer will have to wait?
iii. What are the average number of customers in the systems?
iv. What is the average total time a customer must spend in the post office?

Page 1 of 2
Code :R7410301 2
6. (a) What is economic order quantity? Derive the formula for determining EOQ for inventory model
with uniform demand.
(b) The demand of an item is uniform at a rate of 20 units per month. The fixed cost is Rs 10 each
time a production run is made. The product cost is Rs 1 per item, and the inventory carrying cost
is Rs 0.25 per item per month. If the shortages cost is Rs 1.2 per item per month; determine how
often to make a production run and on what size it should be?
7. Use dynamic programming to solve the problem
Minmize Z = x21 +x22 +x23
Subject to
x1 .x2 .x3 = 6
x1 , x2 , x3 ≥ 0
8. (a) Explain what factors must be considered when designing a simulation experiment.
(b) Explain how simulation can be applied in the case of inventory control, where the demand is
probabilistic and lead time is random.

?????

Page 2 of 2
Code :R7410301 3
IV B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Give a general mathematical formulation of L.P problem.

(b) Solve the following L.P Problems using Chan’s Big- M method
Max.Z = 2x1 +x2 +3x3
Subject to x1 +x2 +2x3 ≤ 5
2x1 +3x2 +4x3 = 12
x1 , x2 , x3 ≥ 0
2. (a) Explain with an example the North - West corner rule, the Least cost method and the Vogel’s approximation
method for obtaining an initial basic feasible solution of the transportation problem.
(b) Find the sequence that minimize the total time required in performing the following jobs on three machines
in the order ABC, Processing (in hours) are given in the following table.
Jobs 1 2 3 4 5
A 8 10 6 7 11
B 5 6 2 3 4
C 4 9 8 6 5
3. (a) Describe the different factors which are responsible to replace the equipment although it may be running.
(b) The following mortality rates have been observed for a certain types of light bulbs.
Month 1 2 3 4 5
Percentage failing by 10 25 50 80 100
month end
There are 1000 bulbs in use and it costs Rs 10 to replace an individual bulb which has been burnt out if all
bulbs were replaced simultaneously, It would cost Rs. 2.5 per bulb. It is proposed to replace all the bulbs at
fixed intervals and individually those which fails between the intervals . What would be the best policy to
adopt?
4. (a) Explain the two person zero - sum game, give suitable example.
(b) Use the graphical method for solving the following game and find the value of the game.
Player B
B1 B2 B3 B4
Player A A1 2 2 3 -2
A2 4 3 2 6
5. (a) What is queuing problems? Explain steady state and transient state queuing systems.
(b) A self service employs one casher at its counter. 9 customers arrive on an average every 5 minutes, while the
cashier can serve 10 customers in 5 minutes. Assume Poisson distribution for arrival rate and exponential
distribution for service rate, find.
i. Average number of customers in the system.
ii. Average number of customers in queue or average queue length.
iii. Average time a customer spends in the system.
iv. Average time a customer waits before being served.
6. (a) What are inventory models? Enumerate various types of convening models and describe then briefly.
(b) An item is to be supplied at a constant rate of 300 units per day. Supplier of any amount can be obtained at
any required time but each ordering cost Rs 60; Cost of holding the items in inventory is Rs 2.00 per unit per
day while the delay in the supply of the item causes a penality of Rs 18 per unit per day.
i. Find the optimal policy (Q,t) , where t is the reorder cycle period and Q is the order quantity.
ii. What would be the best policy, if the penalty cost becomes infinite?
7. (a) State the bell man’s “Principle of optimality” and explain by an illustration example how it can be used to
solve a multistage decision problem.
(b) What is the dynamic recursive relation? Describe general process of forward and backward computation in
dynamic programming.
8. (a) Defind simulation. Why is simulations used?
(b) Why would an analyst even prefer a general purpose Language such as FORTRAN (or) BASIC in a simulation
when there are advantages of using special purpose languages such as GPSS or SIMSCRIPT?

?????
Code :R7410301 4
IV B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov/Dec 2010
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Give three definitions of operations research. Explain briefly the applications of operations research.
(b) A company is manufacturing two different types of products A and B. Each product has to be processed on
two machines M1 and M2 . Product A requires 2 hours on machine M1 and 1 Hour on machine M2 . Product
B requires 1 hour on Machine M1 and 2 hours on machine M2 . The available capacity of machine M1 is 104
hours and that of machine M2 is 76 hours. Profit per unit for the product A is Rs 6 and that for B is Rs 11.
i. Formulate the problem.
ii. Find out the optimal solution by Simplex method.
2. (a) Give the mathematical formulation of Assignment Problem
(b) A Steel company has three open hearth furnaces and five rolling mills. Transportation cost ( rupees per
quintal), for shipping steel from furnaces to rolling mills are shown in the following table.
Mills
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 Capability (in
quintals)
F1 4 2 3 2 6 8
F2 5 4 5 2 1 12
Furnaces F3 6 5 4 7 3 14
Require 4 4 6 8 8
ments(in
quin-
tals)
What is the optimal shipping schedule?
3. (a) Explain the following in detail:
i. Individual replacement
ii. Group replacement.
(b) A firm pass Rs 10,000 for its equipments. Their operation and maintenance costs are about Rs 2500 per year
for the first two years and then go up by approximately Rs 1500 per year. When such equipment be replaced?
The discount rate is 10% per year.
4. (a) Explain Minimax and Maxmin principle used in the theory of games.
(b) Solve the game whose pay off matrix is given below:
Player B
B1 B2 B3 B4
A1 3 2 4 10
Player A A2 3 4 2 4
A3 4 2 4 0
A4 0 4 0 8
5. (a) What do you understand by a queue? Give some important applications of queuing theory.
(b) Customers arrive at one person barber shop according to a Poisson process with a mean inter arrival time of
20 minutes.Customers spend on an average of 15 minutes in the barber’s chair.
i. What is the probability that a new arrival need not wait for the barber to be free?
ii. What is the expected number of customers in the barber shop?
iii. How much time can a customer expect to wait for his turn?
iv. How much time can a customers expect to spend in the shop?
6. (a) Describe the EOQ problem with one price break.
(b) A manufacturing company purchases 1000 parts for its annual requirement, ordering one month usage at a
time. Each part costs Rs 20. The ordering cost per order is Rs 15 and the carrying charges are 15% of
the average inventory per year. You have been assigned to suggest a more economical purchasing policy for
company. What advice would you offer and how much would it save the company per year?
7. Determine the values of x1 , x2 and x3 so as to
Maximize Z = x1 x2 x3
Subject to the constraints
x1 +x2 +x3 = 10
x1 , x2 , x3 ≥ 0
8. (a) What are the advantages and limitations of simulation model?
(b) Describe the kind of problems for which Monte Carlo will be an appropriate method of solution.

?????