Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UFR ANGELLIER
Mémoire de M1
Master « Langues, Culture et Interculturalité »
Spécialité : Etudes Anglophones
Spécialisation : Métier du Lexique et de la Traduction (MéLexTra)
I would like to express my gratitude to the following people for their support
and assistance in helping me carrying out this research.
2
Table of Contents1
3
Preface of the female tango costume glossary
Introduction
The first part of the paper will deal with the very beginning of
tango as a dance in Buenos Aires. The historical reasons that made people
from diverse countries encounter and mix in Buenos Aires in the late
nineteenth century will be examined. This essay will focus on the rejection of
tango in Argentina and the image of the female tango dancer along with her
costume. It will eventually reveal the influence of the image of women in
society on the female tango costume.
4
With respect to the chronology of tango, the second part of this
essay will study the French female tango dancers and their costumes,
putting forward the polemics brought to Europe, and in particular, to
France, by tango at the beginning of the twentieth century. Following the
structure of the first part, an interpretation will be provided regarding the
link between the evolution of the female tango costume and the modification
of the female status, corresponding to the social events that took place at
that period.
Over the decades, the mores have changed, both in Europe and
in Argentina, and so has tango. The third section will concentrate on the
evolution of tango back to its native city, Buenos Aires, and the impact of
modernity over the female tango costume. In addition, special attention will
be paid to the female tango shoes, a key element of the female tango
costume.
5
1. Tango in Buenos Aires
1-1 Background
2According to the Lunfardo Online Dictionary, a tanguero is a person who dances tango.
Following the Larousse Dictionary of Spanish, lunfardo is the slang language of Buenos
Aires, often used in tango songs.
6
economy. In order to make the country more attractive, it was judged
necessary to advertise its natural resource: plenty of virgin land (Bourdé op.
cit, 150).
7
rather than to the countryside. They needed housing near their working
places. Therefore, accommodations were built around the industrial areas.
8
tangueros used to be very elegant, whatever class they belonged to, and if
there was no typical costume, at least there was an undeniable tango style.
9
Let us keep in mind that tango ended up in brothels because it
was not accepted in public places. Thus, the first women to dance tango in
Buenos Aires were not common ladies but dancers in brothels - not
obviously prostitutes, although they were said to be easy girls (Hess 1999,
13). The aim of the dance was to entertain men and make them forget the
hard reality of the outside world. Dancers were not asked to be pretty but to
dance perfectly (Salas 1989, 85).
As for the other female dancers of this tango scene, they can be
seen to be almost all wearing very short dresses too, quite similar to
underskirts, mostly beige – only some are black or dark red. The top of their
costume is also a corset, very close-fitting and rigid in appearance. Either
they wear it like underwear or they put it above a chemise, a kind of
nightgown French ladies used to wear in the beginning of the twentieth
century (Simon 1998, 108-109). It seems to be made of fine lace, very
10
delicate. They also wear beige stockings with a suspended belt and laced
seam on the top, and their shoes are also typical tango ones.
At the time, the female tango dancer was not seen as a "femme
fatale", or sexy woman, as she may be nowadays. She was merely
appreciated for her ability to follow her partner and to perform figures. She
was the absolute representation of the exemplary woman, faithful and
devoted to the male figure, executing any movement he would make her
achieve, as long as she was paid for her performance (Schneider 1998, 17).
11
The style of the female tango costume also had a very tragic
flavour, expressing sensuality through abandonment. It may also have
reflected the sacrifice of these young girls who had to deny their body and
personality to earn a living. It may have presented the female body as a
sexual object, a violent image contrasting with the innocence of youth, as
many of these girls would end up selling themselves. Brothels could be
thought of as places where desperate souls were melting together - men who
could not find love and women who sold it (Hatem 2001, 6-7).
11 Marta E. Savigliano is the author of Tango and the Political Economy of Passion (1994),
12
putting the female dancer forward and she is supposed to embellish them
and may add her own variation according to the space she is given.
2. Tango in France
13
Paris was “the fashion place” and had long been an example that
people from Buenos Aires liked to follow (Salas 1989, 121). According to
Manigat (1991, 35), Argentina had been greatly influenced by Europe for
decades, and more especially, by "the Paris of France" as Mansilla, author of
Una escursión a los indios ranqueles (1877), said in jest, inferring the
similarities of Buenos Aires with Paris (quoted in Salas 1989, 121).
14
It was even ill-considered by many Argentineans, who denied
that it belonged to the national culture of their country and associated it
with brothels and sordid places only (Savigliano 1994, quoted in Archetti
1996, 107). As quoted in Salas (1989, 130), Ibarguren12 endeavoured to deny
tango the very least Argentinean character, claiming it was only the result of
a foreign mixture.
12 Carlos Ibarguren was one of the candidates for the presidential elections of 1916 and was
15
In this context, it became very trendy to dance tango in France,
with Paris as the cornerstone. Tango made its first appearance in a film in
1900 (Hess 1999, 35), it was then dealt with in newspapers and was finally
recognised by Giraudet, who was a respectable dance teacher in Paris.
According to Hess (op. cit, 34-39), tango developed quickly because of the
quest for exoticism which Parisians were fond of, and their need to
constantly experience new things.
16
According to pictures collected for this research, female tango
dancers also adopted these tight-fitting bodices, and they seem to have
remained prevalent. Corsets may have turned out to be useful for female
tango dancers as leaning forward is important to be close to the partner.
This way, the female tango dancer can feel where her partner's feet are
heading and accompany them without any hesitation.
17
The general tendency for exoticism launched flowing fabrics and
shapes, and shortened the length of the dresses to the ankles. To dance
tango, lightweight fabrics were perfect to accentuate the sensuality of the
movements, but fairly loose due to the modesty of the time, according to the
pictures collected for this research.
After the First World War, the length of skirts was markedly
shortened. Calves were the first to be uncovered, then the knees in the end
of the 1920's, even for the evening dresses (Fernoli & Spiess op. cit, 276). In
the 1930's, dance was everywhere, from jazz to tango, and more flexible
clothes spread. Straights skirts with deep slits developed, as well as full
skirts with square or boat necklines' bodices. Low backs were trendy and
embroidery heavily covered evening gowns (Fernoli & Spiess op. cit, 288).
Asymmetrical edges also spread widely, and the sporty style brought in the
V-neck bodices and pleated skirts (Fernoli & Spiess op. cit, 290).
18
introduced were now mixed with velvet and embroidered ones. Americanism
highly influenced the mentalities and fashion of the time, and trousers
became indispensable. They even entered evening clothing, depending on the
fabric (Fernoli & Spiess op. cit, 312).
19
male) controls "la milonguita" (the woman of the tango environment), the
female can also be portrayed as a rebellious figure who trespasses bourgeois
gendered boundaries to move up the social ladder. The "milonguitas" are
portrayed by Savigliano as feminist role models whose "insurgency" drew
female attention at the turn of the century."
In the next subsection we will see how all these changes affected
tango as it once again crossed the Atlantic, this time in the direction of
Argentina.
20
3. Tango returns to Buenos Aires
21
artists (Bernand 1997, 251). It was danced in the rich salons of Buenos Aires
and won public places back, where it had been severely rejected. Elegance
and delicacy were now what characterised tango (Bernand op. cit, 252).
The colours red and black have remained the symbol of tango
but nowadays, the female tango costume and shoes can be found in all sorts
of colours20. Indeed, by wandering about tango dress or shoe makers’ and
sellers’ websites, one can easily find blue, pink, brown and many other
22
colours for dresses and shoes. Still, it seems that white, gold and beige have
been added to the traditional colours and that bright orange, or the "colour
of tango", has more or less disappeared (this is why it will not appear in the
shoes' colour section of the following glossary; similarly, beige seems to be
fashion for shoes but not for dresses).
Even today, no one design has typified the tango costume for the
female dancer of the Argentinean tango, only a style and the strict condition
that it should be convenient, according to several Argentinean tango
teachers interviewed for this research. The special dresses specially made for
tango dancers, found on many websites, seem to be made for ballroom
tango, which is completely different from the Argentinean tango as it is
exclusively competitive.
The most commonly used fabrics are satin, silk and lace, as well
as chiffon, velvet (crushed or not), organza, and others. Lots of dresses are
decorated with fabric ornaments such as flounces or fringes.
23
Most of the time, female tango dancers wear fishnet stockings
or, if not fishnet, stockings with very delicate patterns (as shown in the
movie Moulin Rouge). These stockings are hold ups or ‘top stockings’, usually
fastened with garter belts. They were very popular in the 1920's and
represented one of the tools women used to seduce men (Simon 1998, 94).
This image fits the new reputation of the modern female tango dancer, said
to be irresistible to men.
24
usually a stiletto or spike heel, but thick enough to keep one's balance. The
shape of their toe box, open or not, is rounded and narrow, halfway between
rounded and pointed. Generally, the shoe is open on the upper part of the
foot, which is referred to by some designers as a décolleté22.
This shape may also account for the fact that the female dancer
has to follow her partner's feet very closely, and wearing very pointed shoes
would make the male dancer step on her feet. Similarly, the toe box needs to
be a bit narrow so as to put forward the direction of the feet. But the female
tango dancer needs to be comfortable while dancing otherwise her motions
might be altered.
For the foot to be well maintained, the tango shoe needs a firm
strap around the ankle. Even though tango is not always made up of quick
steps and violent legs movements, it is essential that the female dancer
should be able to rely on her shoes. Moreover, high heels often incline the
ankle to crush, so the strap, single or double, prevents this.
25
during both the beginning of tango and afterwards, in France as well as in
Argentina.
Conclusions
26
Women's fashion has closely followed tango evolution. With the broader
acceptance of tango among different social classes, nowadays, female tango
style shows more reserve than in the previous centuries, when it was mostly
associated with women dancing in brothels. Thus, the female tango costume
is an appreciable confirmation of the impact of society on tango as a dance.
27
Research report
28
As for specialised works about the female tango costume, the
lack of material was particularly marked. Indeed, it seemed that the female
tango costume did not attract many researchers, which was not surprising,
as we saw that there was no typical tango costume for men or women.
Nevertheless, the absence of material gave me an extra motivation to pursue
this research. Moreover, having in mind that there is no typical tango
costume, I do think it is important to define the tango style as it is relevant
in order to clearly understand tango as a whole.
29
people interested in costume as a whole and in tango, as it has brought forth
some original ideas.
2. Field definition
30
instance, tongue or arch support will not appear in this glossary as they are
not used specifically to make a tango shoe.
31
symbolises the comment; a yellow sun corresponds to the illustration; the
arrow corresponds to the cross-reference; the tango shoe is the separation
between the entry words.
32
Codes and abbreviations table
Personal abbreviations
General abbreviations
and codes
33
English-French bilingual glossary
34
boat neck, bodice, low neck, neck, plunging neck, scoop neck, square
neck, V-neck
Clothing in tango is mostly black, combined with serious faces and the
sad organ-like sound of the bandoneon does make the atmosphere a bit
religious. (Groupe MSN, tango argentino)
35
Le noir est l'une des couleurs traditionnelles du tango, fréquemment
utilisée pour les chaussures et la robe.
5. blouse n corsage nm
[dress_part_bodice] /1. Trouver Objet Caché
2. Harrap's unabridged/
Cette robe raffinée du style latino a été créée pour une présentation de
vitrine unique, et a été inspirée par le film "Moulin Rouge". Elle est faite d'un
corset noir à lanières porté au dessus d'un corsage rose dont les épaules
sont dégagées et les manches fendues.
bodice, bustier
Encolure* qui a une forme arrondie et qui découvre une partie des épaules.
The boat neck bodice with long sleeves and hip sash with mauve silk rose
flares out to yards of chiffon petal panels. (Tango Dance Costume Collection)
36
Le corsage en encolure bateau à longues manches et avec ceinture de
hanche, garni d'une rose de soie mauve, est gonflé de plusieurs épaisseurs de
mousseline de soie.
Peut aussi s'écrire en un seul mot, soit boatneck, mais semble moins
fréquent, d'après les sources consultées.
asymmetrical, bodice, low neck, neck, plunging neck, scoop neck, square
neck, V-neck
In 1913 the "Tango-Visite" was introduced, which was a dress style for
dancing with a transparent bodice and a mid-calf skirt length.
(StreetSwing's Dance History Archives)
Les adjectifs qui sont souvent employés avec bodice sont : gathered,
empire, halter. Le mot bodice peut aussi signifier corset, mais n'apparaît que
dans peu d'ouvrages.
37
8. border n bord nm
[dress_part_finishing] /1. Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique
2. Harrap's unabridged/
The shorty skirt is gathered at the left front hip and anchored with
bright orange lace motifs. (DanceSport Ballgowns Gallery)
38
10. buckle n (of shoe) boucle nf
[shoe_part_upper_front_quarter] /1. Wordreference.com
2. Harrap's unabridged/
Ladies 2 ½ inch flexible high heeled, open sided character shoe with
double cross straps and a single buckle. (Duca Shoes, La)
Strapless bustier with sweetheart neckline, lace and sheer detail. (Tango
dance dresses)
39
ferme facilement ; alors que le corset s'attache par derrière à l'aide de
lanières, et doit être serré. Il met la poitrine en valeur. Le bustier est
généralement plus court que le corset.
bodice, blouse
Camisole (Petticoat Bodice): A loose bodice worn over the corset (to
protect it from soiling). (Corset Terms Dictionary)
corset
Dress with sweetheart neckline has softly gathered chiffon straps and a
removable organza flower pin corsage. (Tango Dress and Fashion by
Tangoleva)
40
Robe avec encolure en forme de coeur et bretelles de mousseline de soie
finement froncées, ainsi qu'une broche fleur détachable en organza sur le
corsage.
Our catalogue: 2005 collection; low heel; high heel; platform, open toe;
closed toe; sandals. (Tara Tango Shoes)
41
Notre catalogue : collection 2005 ; chaussures à talon plat ; chaussures
à haut talon ; chaussures à semelle compensée ; chaussures ouvertes ;
chaussures fermées ; sandales.
leather, platform
The 'Tango' corset, for example, was made for dancing in. It would have
been worn over the hips freeing the waist from the restriction of a tightly
laced corset. (Secret History of corset and crinoline, The)
42
Le corset "Tango", par exemple, était fait pour qu'on puisse danser avec.
Il recouvrait les hanches et laissait la taille libre, contrairement au corset
étroitement serré.
Counter: The stiffening material between the lining and the outside of
the shoe upper around the back of the shoe. (Allen Edmonds)
43
Contrefort : Matériau de renforcement situé entre la doublure et
l'extérieur de l'empeigne autour de l'arrière de la chaussure.
44
Ladies 2 ½ inch or 3 inch flexible high heeled, open sided character
shoes with single ankle strap and additional “Y” asymmetrical cross strap to
front toe box. (Duca Shoes, La)
Tissu* fait de deux épaisseurs, qui est fréquemment utilisé pour les
décorations de la robe*.
Another classy design of stretch crushed velvet with low back and
sculptured nude inset in front. (Tango Dance Costume Collection)
45
22. culottes npl jupe-culotte nf
[dress_type] /1. Zalko, Nardo
2. Harrap's unabridged/
|toujours au pluriel|
Vêtement féminin qui ressemble à une jupe*, mais qui est en fait coupé
comme un short.
Culottes were the order of the day. By the twenties everyone was
familiar with the flapper girls. The new dances also demanded free flowing
dresses. Could you tango in whale-bone? (More on corsets and kitchens)
jumpsuit, sheath
46
Décolleté : Encolure échancrée.
asymmetrical, boat neck, low neck, halter, neck, plunging neck, scoop
neck, square neck, V-neck
Ladies 2 ½ inch flexible high heeled, open sided character shoe with
double cross straps and a single buckle.
47
Grandiose et pourtant simple, cette robe est un classique du tango
moderne.
The one black sleeve has a chiffon flounce at hem edge. (Tango Dance
Costume Collection)
Lorsqu'il est employé seul, edge désigne une extrémité non travaillée, en
opposition à un ourlet. Par contre, il peut être suivi ou précédé de mots
comme hem, ou hemline, et ne précise pas, dans ce cas, si l'extrémité est
cousue ou non. Il indique simplement un endroit.
48
27. eyelet n trou nm de laçage
[dress_part_decoration_ornament] /1. Harrap's unabridged
2. Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique/
Œillet : trou de laçage renforcé en métal utilisé pour lacer les corsets.
D'abord utilisé à la fin des années 1820 sur les corsets et devenu ensuite
populaire durant l'époque Victorienne.
49
28. fabric n tissu nm
[dress\shoe_material] /1. WordReference.com
2. Harrap's unabridged/
Matériau créé à partir de plusieurs fibres* textiles (la soie* par exemple)
naturelles ou synthétiques.
The three fine fabrics that make up this dress appear to reveal more
than just a nude lining. (Dancedress.com)
Les trois différents tissus de la robe semblent révéler bien plus qu'une
doublure transparente.
Souvent, fabric est utilisé derrière le nom d'un tissu (lycra par exemple).
Dans ce cas, la traduction française remplace les deux mots par un seul et
ne garde ainsi que le mot du tissu. Par exemple, "This dress is made of lycra
fabric" deviendra "Cette robe est en lycra."
chiffon, crepe, crushed velvet, lace, lamé, lycra, mesh, organza, rayon,
satin, spandex, velvet
50
30. flounce n volant nm
[dress_part_decoration_strip] /1. Harrap's unabridged
2. International Poster Gallery Online /
The one black sleeve has a chiffon flounce at hem edge. (Tango Dance
Costume Collection)
ruffle
The asymmetrical skirt is edged with two rows of black rayon fringe to
enhance your movements. (DanceSport Ballgowns Gallery)
51
32. full adj (skirt) évasé adj
[dress_shape_skirt_main] /1. Ferloni & Spiess/
Single rows of brown ostrich feathers trim the three-quarter sleeves and
the full skirt, and a design in brown rhinestones drifts diagonally down the
front and back. (DanceSport Ballgowns Gallery)
Pièce de métal brillant qui peut se coudre sur le robe* pour décorer.
Les mots spangle et sequin semblent plus courants pour désigner les
52
paillettes décoratives, d'après les dictionnaires Robert & Collins, Grand
Dictionnaire Terminologique, WordReference.com, parmi d'autres.
Néanmoins, seul le mot glitter semble être utilisé dans les sources que j'ai
consultées.
This classic Latin dress is made of a very stretchy Lycra material, which
has a swirly design in shades of dark brown, tan and rust, with gold metallic
threads knitted into the fabric. (DanceSport Ballgowns Gallery)
Cette robe classique style latino est en lycra très extensible, les motifs
sont en forme de tourbillons dans des tons marron, brun et couleur rouille,
avec des fils métalliques dorés cousus dans le tissu.
53
35. gown n robe nf
[tango_dance_costume_women] /1. Harrap's unabridged
2. Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique/
Il semble que gown soit différent de dress en ce qu'il réfère plutôt à une
robe de soirée.
dress
Sexy halter dress with long ties behind the neck. (Tango Dresses and
Fashion by Tangoleva)
L'encolure du dos nu peut varier et suivre presque les mêmes formes que
celle d'un corsage décolleté commun. Entre d'autres termes, le col peut être
dégagé, en V, décolleté plongeant ou asymétrique. halter peut aussi désigner
54
la robe qui a cette encolure. Une autre traduction pour halter serait bain de
soleil (deuxième sens dans le Harrap's unabridged, et premier et unique sens
dans le Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique), mais il semble que dos nu soit
plus répandu en général, d'après les sources consultées.
bodice, décolleté, low neck, neck, scoop neck, square neck, plunging
neck, V-neck
High heels can offer two advantages for the lady. First, high heels
challenge the lady by adding some technical difficulty to her dancing.
Second, high heels make the lady appear slimmer. High heels also make
bigger legs appear thinner and better looking. (Tango Dancing Shoes with
High Heels)
Les hauts talons ont deux avantages pour la danseuse. D'abord, les
hauts talons mettent la danseuse au défi car il est alors plus difficile
d'effectuer les pas techniques. Ensuite, en hauts talons, la danseuse
semblent plus mince. Grâce aux hauts talons, les grosses jambes semblent
plus fines et plus jolies.
Les danseuses de tango portent plus facilement des hauts talons que des
talons plats, pour les raisons exposées dans la citation, et souvent il s'agit de
55
talons aiguille.
high heel, leather, low heel, outsole, platform, shoe, sole, spike heel,
stiletto, top-piece
56
40. high heel n (of shoe) haut talon nm
[shoe_shape_heel] /1. Harrap's unabridged
2. République Internationale des Lettres, La/
There are many different styles of dancing. Only in a few are high heels
ever worn by the ladies, namely disco and tango dancing.
Petite pièce de métal qui sert à attacher ensemble les deux bords* d'un
corset*.
Lingerie in a stretch satin and black lace waist cinching corset with a
hook & eye front, lace up back, removable and adjustable garters. (Lingerie
Satin & Lace Corset)
57
L'attache d'un corset est en deux parties : l'une est courbée qui se coud
sur le corset et l'autre est ouverte et permet à la première de s'y accrocher.
Le mot hook and eye, en Anglais, désigne ces deux parties. Il n'y aurait pas
de traduction pour cette deuxième partie en Français. Le mot agrafe
regrouperait l'ensemble.
(2)semelle nf intérieure
[shoe_part_sole] /(1) et (2) 1. Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique
2. Harrap's unabridged/
58
43. jumpsuit n combinaison-pantalon nf
[dress_type] /1. Harrap's unabridged
2. Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique/
Jumpsuit with gaucho bottom has the feminity of a dress, the comfort
of a pant. (Tango Dresses and Fashion by Tangoleva)
culottes, sheath
This figure flattering style also has a keyhole back. (Tango Dance
Costume Collection)
59
bodice, neck, low back
Black stretch lace overlays your color choice of lining. (Tango Dresses
and Fashion by Tangoleva)
Cordon qui passe à travers le trou de laçage* pour attacher les deux
bords* du corset*.
60
Lacing (Lace): Twisted or woven cord used to secure the corset, usually
in the rear. (Corset Terms Dictionary)
Peut s'écrire avec ou sans accent en Anglais, mais semble plus courant
avec.
61
48. leather n Tex cuir nm
[shoe_material_upper\sole] /1. Zapatos Finos
2. Tangazos/
Dancers have known about Tara Tango Shoes for 5 years. They know
our shoes are all leather, handmade, comfortable, stable, well designed and
best of all, beautiful. (Tara Tango Shoes)
Les danseurs connaissent Tara Tango Shoes depuis 5 ans. Ils savent que
nos chaussures sont toutes faites de cuir, à la main, confortables, stables,
bien conçues, et, bien sûr, ravissantes.
(shoe) In quality shoes the quarters and vamps are lined to enhance
comfort and durability. (Shoe Making)
62
Pour les chaussures de qualité, les quartiers et les empeignes sont
doublés pour améliorer le confort et la résistance.
counter, shoe, toe or toe box, toe puff (pas de renvoi pour la doublure de la robe)
Another classy design of stretch crushed velvet with low back and
sculptured nude inset in front. (Tango Dance Costume Collection)
63
51. low heel n (of shoe) talon nm plat
[shoe_shape_heel] /1. Harrap's unabridged
2. Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique/
If you want to wear a comfortable, low heel shoe and still show your
flirtatious side, these may be the perfect fit for you. (Tara Tango Shoes)
Tank top: a tight-fitting sleeveless shirt with wide shoulder straps and
low neck and no front opening; often worn over a shirt or blouse.
(WordReference.com)
64
square neck, V-neck
The gown is made entirely of Lycra stretch fabric printed with big purple
flowers against a white background. (DanceSport Ballgowns Gallery)
spandex
Tissu* tricoté.
The dress is made of very stretchy embroidered mesh, with black lace
bordering the neck and hem. (DanceSport Ballgowns Gallery)
Cette robe est en maille brodée très extensible, l'encolure et l'ourlet sont
entourés de dentelle noire.
65
55. neck n or neckline n col nm, encolure nf
[dress_shape_bodice] /1. Harrap's unabridged
2. Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique/
Les mots neck et neckline en Anglais sont synonymes et signifient tous les
deux col ou encolure. Dans ce glossaire, neck sera le terme utilisé lorsqu'il
s'agira de col ou d'encolure, pour une question pratique uniquement.
Our catalogue: 2005 collection; low heel; high heel; platform, open toe;
closed toe; sandals. (Tara Tango Shoes)
66
non de "bout ouvert" ou "bout fermé".
Dress with sweetheart neckline has softly gathered chiffon straps and a
removable organza flower pin corsage. (Tango Dress and Fashion by
Tangoleva)
67
de matériau durable, car c'est surtout sur elle que s'exerce la pression.
Cuir beige et cuir verni noir intérieur cousiné (from the website).
[La Robe] présente une ouverture dans le dos et sur les épaules, avec des
manches pointues.
68
puff, sleeve
Her flexible cork platform makes her a true all day shoe. (Tara Tango
Shoes)
The closest thing to frilly here is the heavily stoned swirl of lace around
the plunging neckline. (DanceSport Ballgowns Gallery)
69
chargé de pierres qui borde le décolleté plongeant.
asymmetrical, boat neck, bodice, low back, low neck, neck, scoop neck,
square neck, V-neck
Dont les deux extrémités sont serrées autour du bras et le reste évasé.
Blue satin matador-style blouse with elbow length puff sleeves is worn
over blue and gold print ribbon-banded blouson skirt. (Findarticles.com)
Peut aussi s'écrire pouf, mais semble moins courant, selon les sources
consultées.
peaked, sleeve
70
In quality shoes the quarters and vamps are lined to enhance comfort
and durability. (Shoe Making)
buckle, counter, shoe, strap, toe or toe box, toe puff, vamp
The asymmetrical skirt is edged with two rows of black rayon fringe to
enhance your movements (DanceSport Ballgowns Gallery)
De la couleur du sang.
In tango, red is much preferred by women and in bull fighting, red has
a psychological effect too. (Groupe MSN)
71
Le rouge est une des couleurs traditionnelles du tango. Les chaussures et
robes sont souvent de cette couleur.
Il m'a été difficile de trouver une traduction exacte à ruffle car les sources
consultées ne sont pas d'accord et j'ai mis du temps à comprendre de quoi il
s'agissait. D'après les différentes sources qui m'ont aidé à faire ce choix,
ruffle est proche d'un morceau de tissu froncé, froissé, délicat, en dentelle
souvent, et porte un nom différent en Français selon l'endroit où il est situé
(au poignet il s'appellera manchette en dentelle par exemple et à la gorge,
jabot plissé, selon le Harrap's unabridged). Si cette hypothèse est valable,
alors ruffle peut être synonyme de flounce.
flounce
72
68. satin n Tex satin nm
[dress_material_main_silk] /1. Harrap's unabridged
2. Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique/
Black matte spandex with red satin trim. (Tango Dresses and Fashion
by Tangoleva)
Encolure* arrondie.
This scoop neck, slim fitting design of stretch lame features set in lace
panels in pouf sleeves and back of skirt ruffle. (Tango Dance Costume
Collection)
asymmetrical, boat neck, bodice, low back, low neck, neck, plunging
neck, square neck, V-neck
73
70. shank n (of shoe) cambrion nm
[shoe_part_sole_insole] /1. Terminalf
2. Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique/
Slightly draped boatneck sheath, opens out to double 14" (from waist)
slits and a deep bias ruffle with an asymmetrical hem. (Tango Dresses and
Fashion by Tangoleva)
74
72. shoe n chaussure nf
[tango_dance_costumes_women] /1. Zapatos Finos
2. Harrap's unabridged/
Tara Tango Shoes are made with hard leather soles, not the "chrome" or
"split suede" soles of a typical ballroom shoe. (Tara Tango Shoes)
The boat neck bodice with long sleeves and hip sash with mauve silk
rose flares out to yards of chiffon petal panels. (Tango Dance Costume
Collection)
75
chiffon, crepe, leather, organza, rayon, satin, spandex, velvet
Cette jupe droite n'est pas si simple qu'elle en a l'air : les bords opposés
asymétriques devant et derrière s'agitent de façon ravissante pendant la
danse.
76
La jupe peut avoir plusieurs formes, elle peut être évasée, circulaire ou
droite par exemple.
Cette robe raffinée du style latino a été créée pour une présentation de
vitrine unique, et a été inspirée par le film "Moulin Rouge". Elle est faite d'un
corset noir à lanières porté au dessus d'un corsage rose dont les épaules
sont dégagées et les manches fendues.
La plupart des robes de tango sont sans manches, ce pour des raisons
pratiques apparemment. En effet, il semble que les manches soient plus
fréquentes sur les robes de compétition, où chaque détail est soigné et tout
est accentué pour être plus visible sur la piste de danse. La forme la plus
courante des manches est bouffante ou très étroite. Quelquefois, elles se
terminent en pointe.
77
77. slit n fente nf
[dress_shape_skirt_details_opening] /1. Harrap's unabridged
2. Eurodicautom/
Elasticized back with deeply-cut, side slits allow you to move with
confidence! (Dancedress.com)
Dos élastique avec fentes de côté très échancrées qui vous permettent de
danser avec confiance !
skirt
We have discovered that a hard leather sole gives dancers the speed
necessary for the successful execution of pivots and ochos in Argentine
Tango while also offering sufficient grip on the floor necessary at times in
ballroom dance. (Tara Tango Shoes)
Nous avons découvert qu'une semelle dure en cuir donne aux danseurs
la vitesse nécessaire à l'exécution avec succès de pivots et ochos du Tango
Argentin, et permet également d'avoir une prise suffisante sur le sol lorsque
cela est nécessaire sur la piste.
cross, strap
79
80. spandex n Tex spandex nm
[dress_material_main] /1. Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique
2. Eurodicautom/
Black matte spandex with red satin trim. (Tango Dresses and Fashion
by Tangoleva)
Si ceux qui suivent ont envie de faire un super boleo ou gancho avec des
talons aiguille de 6 pouces de hauteur [environ 15 cm], alors ils doivent être
assez éveillés pour ne pas trancher un tibia ou même la partie du corps plus
sensible d'un autre rêveur.
La caractéristique des talons aiguille est leur finesse. Ils apportent donc
une difficulté supplémentaire pour les danseuses car elles peuvent perdre
l'équilibre facilement. Ils ne sont donc pas très courants, mais ils restent le
80
symbole de la sensualité du tango. Synonyme de stiletto.
asymmetrical, boat neck, bodice, low neck, neck, plunging neck, scoop
neck, V-neck
81
Par contre, en Anglais, stiffener est ce qui renforce l'arrière du cuir au niveau
de la doublure, pour maintenir le pied en place, alors que counter est un
renfort entre le dessus et la doublure de la chaussure. Celui-ci maintient
également le pied, mais il soutient aussi la tige.
Without any doubt, the stiletto is the most sexy and most feminine
style of high heel that has ever been made. (High Heel Observer, The)
Sans aucun doute, le talon aiguille est le style de haut talon le plus sexy
et féminin qui n'a jamais existé.
82
85. straight adj (skirt, dress) droit adj
[dress_shape_skirt_main shape] /1. Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique
2. WordReference.com/
Qui est étroite et qui suit la même ligne de la poitrine aux chevilles.
Cette jupe droite n'est pas si simple qu'elle en a l'air : les bords opposés
asymétriques devant et derrière s'agitent de façon ravissante pendant la
danse.
Pour danser le tango, il est nécessaire que la jupe ou robe droite soit
fendue sur le côté de sorte que les jambes puissent bouger librement. La
jupe droite est plus sexy que confortable, et n'est donc pas très répandue
pour danser le tango. Néanmoins, comme les talons aiguille, elle reste un
symbole de sensualité.
(1) Bande de tissu* située sur le haut du corsage* et qui sert à maintenir
celui-ci en passant sur les épaules.
83
(1) Sous [la robe], une combinaison est attachée à l'aide de baleines et de
bretelles élastiques transparentes.
(2) The strap goes through the vamp with elegance. (Arika Nerguiz Tango
Shoes)
(shoe) ankle, buckle, cross, double, quarter, shoe, single, t-strap, x-strap,
y-strap
84
88. suede adj (1) (shoe) en daim adj;
(1) Red hot metal, sensuous 'snake' skin, and scarlet suede sandals that
dazzle the eye and indulge your tootsies at the same time. (Tara Tango
Shoes)
85
une différence.
The toe box is roomy and shaped to accommodate those "dancer's toes"
(bunions and all!). (Tara Tango Shoes)
Les mots toe et toe box semblent être utilisés davantage par les vendeurs
de chaussures, tandis que toe puff est le mot qu'emploient les fabricants.
86
This section i.e. the toe puff is reinforced which serves to give the shoe
its shape as well as protect the toes. (Shoe Making)
Cette partie, soit le bout-dur, est renforcée, ce qui sert à faire la forme de
la chaussure ainsi qu'à protéger les orteils.
Les mots toe et toe box semblent être utilisés davantage par les vendeurs
de chaussures, tandis que toe puff est le mot qu'emploient les fabricants.
The ground contact section is called the top piece. (Shoe Making)
The insole covers the join between the upper and the sole in most
87
methods of construction and provides attachment for the upper, toe box
linings and welting. (Shoe Making)
counter, lining, quarter, shoe, sole, stiffener, toe or toe box, toe puff,
vamp
The strap goes through the vamp with elegance. (Arika Nerguiz Tango
Shoes)
88
La lanière traverse la claque avec élégance.
Il était difficile de faire une distinction entre claque, empeigne, et tige dans
la mesure où aucune de mes sources n'expliquait la différence entre les
termes. J'ai choisi claque pour traduire pour qu'on ne confonde pas avec
upper.
Tissu* fait de deux épaisseurs, qui est fréquemment utilisé pour les
décorations de la robe*.
89
Drawstring, ruched sleeves with spaghetti ties. V-neck with front twist.
(Tango Dresses and Fashion by Tangoleva)
asymmetrical, boat neck, bodice, low back, low neck, neck, plunging
neck, scoop neck, square neck, V-neck
90
98. white adj (colour) blanc adj
[shoe_colour] /1. Harrap's unabridged
2. WordReference.com/
De la couleur de la neige.
Ladies 2 ½ and 3 inch flexible high heeled, open sided character shoes
with single ankle strap and two additional crossing “X” straps to front toe
box, creating a tear drop shape. (Duca Shoes, La)
91
shoe, strap, T-strap, Y-strap
92
French - English Index
93
croisé cross
cuir leather
cuir vernis patent
daim suede
décolleté décolleté, low neck
décolleté dans le dos low back
décolleté plongeant plunging neck
dentelle lace
doré gold
dos nu halter
dos nu décolleté low back
doublure lining
droit straight
empeigne upper, vamp
en ou de daim suede
en cercle ou circulaire circle
encolure neck, neckline
encolure bateau boat neck
encolure carrée square neck
encolure dégagée scoop neck
encolure en V V-neck
évasé full
fente slit
fermé close(d)
fibre fibre
fin spaghetti
fourreau sheath
frange fringe
haut talon high heel
jabot plissé ruffle
jupe skirt
jupe-culotte culottes
94
laçage lacing
lamé lame, lamé
lanière strap
lanière en forme de T T-strap
lanière en forme de X X-strap
lanière en forme de Y Y-strap
liège cork
lycra lycra
maille mesh
manche sleeve
manchette (en dentelle) ruffle
mousseline de soie chiffon
noir black
orange vif bright orange
organza organza
ourlet hem
ouvert open
ouverture dans le dos keyhole back
paillettes glitter
pointu peaked
quartier quarter
rayonne rayon
renfort counter, stiffener
robe dress, gown
rouge red
sans bretelle strapless
satin satin
semelle sole
semelle compensée platform
semelle intérieure innersole, insole
semelle première innersole, insole
simple single
95
soie silk
suédé suede
talon heel
talon aiguille stiletto, spike heel
talon plat low heel
tige upper
tissu fabric
trépointe welt
trou de laçage eyelet
velours velvet
velours frappé crush velvet
volant flounce
96
Bibliography
• Dictionaries
1. Unilingual
a. English
• Dictionary of Contemporary English. Barcelona: Longman, 2000.
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• Dictionnaire historique de la langue française. Paris: Le Robert, 1992-
1998.
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• GINSBURG, Madeleine. Paris Fashion, the Art Deco Style of the 1920’s.
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97
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98
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• BERTOLUCCI, Bernardo. Last tango in Paris. 1972.
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100
Webliography
101
• Argentina and Buenos Aires information
• Biblioteca Digital Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos,
www.biblioteca.jus.gov.ar/Argentina-Constitution.pdf
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102
www.fathom.com/course/21701726/session4.html
• Tango Dance Costume Collection,
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103
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104
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105
Tables des Matières
106
Appendix
Available on www.tangosite.com
Daniel Losques, Max Linder.
Available on www.art.com
Available on www.torito.nl
Available on www.fashion-era.com
107