Philippine Herbal Medicine: Akapulko / Acapulco (Cassia

alata)
Akapulko or Acapulco in English is a shrub found throughout the Philippines. It is known
under various names in different regions in the country. Locals call the plant katanda, andadasi,
and palochina in Tagalog, Ilocos and in the Visayas regions, respectively. The shrub belongs to
the family of Leguminosae, and grows about one to two meters tall. It has thick branches and the
leaves are embraced with 8 to 20 leaflets that are oblong-elliptical in shape. The flowers of the
Akapulko have oblong sepals, and its fruits are tetragonal, which are also winged and glabrous.
A medicinal herb that contains chrysophanic acid, a fungicide used to treat fungal infections, like
ringworms, scabies, and eczema. Akapulko also contains saponin, a laxative that is useful in
expelling intestinal parasites.

The primary part used for herbal purposes are the leaves, although the roots and flowers are also
used for certain preparations with medicinal value. The extracts from the Akapulko plant is
commonly used as an ingredient for lotions, soaps, and shampoos.
Benefits & Treatment of Akapulko:
• External Use:
Treatment of skin diseases:
Tinea infections, insect bites, ringworms, eczema, scabies and itchiness.
• Mouthwash in stomatitis

• Internal use:
Expectorant for bronchitis and dyspnoea
• Alleviation of asthma symptoms
• Used as diuretic and purgative
• For cough & fever
• As a laxative to expel intestinal parasites and other stomach problems.

Note: A strong decoction of Akapulko leaves is an abortifacient. Pregnant women should not
take decoction of the leaves or any part of this plant.
Preparation & Use:
• For external use, pound the leaves of the Akapulko plant, squeeze the juice and apply on
affected areas.

• As the expectorant for bronchitis and dyspnoea, drink decoction (soak and boil for 10 to 15
minutes) of Akapulko leaves. The same preparation may be used as a mouthwash, stringent,
and wash for eczema.

• As laxative, cut the plant parts (roots, flowers, and the leaves) into a manageable size then
prepare a decoction Note: The decoction looses its potency if not used for a long time. Dispose
leftovers after one day.

• The pounded leaves of Akapulko has purgative functions, specifically against ringworms.
It should be noted that the pounded leaves of this plant may be applied thinly on the affected part
twice a day. Marked improvement may be expected after two to three weeks of continuous
application to the affected area(s) where the prepared Akapulko leaves were applied.
http://www.philippineherbalmedicine.org/akapulko.htm

Tanglad | Lemon Grass

(Andropogon citratus DC)
Tanglad or lemon grass is a commercially-viable plant that is cultivated mainly for the fragrance
that it produces. It can be easily found in most Asian countries, and is widely cultivated in
tropical areas. By nature, tanglad is a permanent or perennial plant, and the benefits of which are
not restricted to its fragrance. The utility of tanglad basically lies in its leaves, where all the
benefits are derived. What can be seen of this plant are mainly its leaves, which allows easy
access to the main part that is needed in order to enjoy tanglad's health benefits. It constitutes
most of what appears of this plant above ground, as the leaves grow up to one meter in length,
and are flat in shape.
Health Benefits of Lemon Grass | Tanglad
Studies show that tanglad helps ease stomach discomforts and aids in lessening, if not totally
curing, the pain caused by toothache and sprain. Lemon grass also displays anti-bacterial
activities and anti-fungal properties, thus, eradicates ring worms. Like malunggay, lemon grass
can also be applied to sprains for easy healing. In order to enjoy these benefits of tanglad, one
needs to prepare a liniment. This can be done by chopping four ounces of the leaves and roots of
tanglad and boiling them, along with fresh coconut oil. If it is infusion that an individual wishes
to achieve, use one pint of water to boil the tanglad leaves with. The lemon grass plant may also
serve as an insect repellant, particularly of mosquitoes. One can achieve an effect to this end
either by applying liniment, or by placing crushed tanglad leaves in strategic places at home
including the window sills. It is also an option to plant tanglad around the house so that
placement of crushed leaves would no longer be needed.

Another health benefit which can be derived from tanglad, is the calming effect derived from its
scent. Thus, lemon grass can aid an individual if such person is suffering from insomnia or
stress. The plant also has therapeutic value, which allows it to be used by women who are
suffering from menstrual problems or dysmenorrhoea, and from usual bouts of nausea. Tanglad
also has cleansing properties, which makes it a good option to detoxify the various internal
organs, like the liver. Lemon grass reduces the level of uric acid and of other toxins, as it
detoxifies the body. This can result to better blood circulation and better digestion, as excess fats
and cholesterol are cut down from the body. When taken in, tanglad affects the tissues in such a
manner that there would be a significant reduction and avoidance of acne and pimples. Also, it
tones the muscles and the tissues, and thus makes the skin firmer.

Like saluyot, exposure of an individual to the benefits of tanglad is greatly increased because of
the nature with which it can be used. As saluyot can be taken in as part of one’s usual viand and
dish, tanglad’s properties on the other hand, allows it to be used as food flavorings. Lemon grass
is incorporated in a multitude of Asian cuisines and dishes, and in the Philippines it is even made
part of commercial beverages. So aside from the oil that can be extracted from lemon grass
leaves, the fluid that is obtained from the boiled leaves of this plant proves to have medicinal
purposes as well. Such lemon grass leaves can also be used in its raw form by mixing directly
with the food before it is served. Such dishes include, and are especially good, when the primary
ingredient is fish or poultry. Besides the health benefits, tanglad balances the chili flavorings in
dishes, which makes eating a more enjoyable experience.

Oregano (Origanum vulgare)

Oregano (Scientific name: Origanum vulgare) is also known as Wild Marjoram, Mountain Mint,
Origanum, Wintersweet and Winter Marjoram. This erectly spreading plant has strong aromatic
characteristics, with leaves and stems that are fleshy. The leaves of oregano are heart-shaped,
with toothed edges, and which, grow for up to 9 meters in length. In other countries, the plant is
primarily used as a culinary ingredient. However, in countries like the Philippines, Oregano is a
known herbal medicine for its strong anti-oxidant properties. Oregano contains a rosmarinic acid
compound, thymol, and carvacrol that are responsible for its anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial,
anti-oxidant, anti-fungal and anti-viral properties. Oregano also contains flavinoids,
triterpenoids, sterols, vitamin C, and vitamin A. Its anti-bacterial properties have been proven by
recent studies to treat infections of the reproductive tracts, and which make it ideal to be given to
women who have just given birth.

The volatile oils in oregano and its properties are believed to be responsible for slowing the
process of spoilage of food and thus minimizing the risk of ingesting harmful bacteria, parasites
and fungi.

The anti-oxidant properties of oregano helps fight free radicals in the body that cause cellular
damage and accelerate ageing. Free radicals are believed to be involved with many degenerative
diseases like osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis and heart diseases, to name a few.

The most useful parts of this plant are its leaves. The extracts and juices of such are used for
asthma, dyspepsia, chronic coughs, bronchitis, and rheumatism. Ear aches have also been proven
to be cured by the infusion prepared from its leaves. The leaves relieve painful swellings, boils,
and sprains, when their poultices are applied directly to the affected area.
Health Benefits of Oregano:

• Good for cough and cold relief

• Helps prevent degenerative arthritis
• Has Anti-aging properties
• Helps relieve rheumatism and osteoarthritis
• Bronchitis herbal remedy
• Ease asthma attacks
• Relieves upset stomach
• Treatment of urinary tract problems
• Relief for dyspepsia or indigestion
• Healing wounds, insect bites & stings
• Cure for sore throat
• Avoid infections caused by childbirth by taking decoctions of the leaves by the recent mother.
• For general good health
Preparation of Oregano Leaves:

• Boil one cup of fresh leaves in 3 cups of water for 10 to 15 minutes. Drink half a cup 3 times a
day for common colds.
• For a concentrate, juice the oregano leaves and take 1 tablespoon every hour to relieve chronic
coughs, rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, and dyspepsia.
• For Insect bites, wounds and stings, apply the leaves as a poultice directly on the afflicted area.
• For sore throat, boil 2 tablespoonfuls of dried oregano leaves in a pint of water, take 2 hours
before or after meals.
• To prevent degenerative arthritis & for general good health drink oregano decoction daily.

Taheebo
Scientific Name(S): Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb. Family: Bignoniaceae (Trumpet
creepers). This species is synonymous with T. impetiginosa Mart. ex DC., T. heptaphylla Veil.
Toledo, and T. ipe Mart. ex Schum. The distinct related species Tecoma curialis Solhanha da
Gama is sometimes marketed under the same names.
Common Name(S): Taheebo, Pau d'Arco, Lapacho morado, Lapacho colorado, lpe Roxo
Also known as Pau d' Arco. Taheebo is found in rain forests in South America. It is a powerful
herb with antibiotic and virus-killing properties. It gives the body the energy needed to defend
itself and to help resist diseases.
Botany: Tabebuia is a large genus of tropical trees that grows worldwide. According to one
source, the correct name for the source species is T. impetiginosa; however, the majority of
biological and chemical studies of the plant refer to T. avellaneda. The commercial product is
derived from the inner bark. The tree grows widely throughout tropical South America, including
Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. It has a hard, durable, and attractive wood that is
extremely resistant to insect and fungal attack.
History: Taheebo has been promoted for many years as an anticancer herb, and lay reports have
claimed efficacy in a variety of cancers. Antifungal and antibiotic properties are also claimed in
promotional literature, with both topical and oral dosing for candidiasis.
Uses of Taheebo
Taheebo is widely used in alternative cancer therapy without sufficient scientific proof. It may be
more useful in antifungal applications, although no clinical trials have been conducted for any
indication.
It is used in South America to battle cancer and leukemia. It is useful in aiding the body in
fighting and healing from all chronic diseases, immunodeficiency diseases, diarrhea, and
intestinal infections.
Side Effects of Taheebo
There are no reported serious side effects.
Toxicology: The toxicology of lapachol was studied in detail by Morrison et al., who found
hemolytic anemia to be the principle limiting toxicity in dogs, monkeys, rats, and mice. Human
toxicity because of lapachol was seen at doses > 1.5 g/day, with an elevated prothrombin time
that was reversed by administration of vitamin K. Because lapachol is not a major constituent of
taheebo bark, these studies are not entirely relevant to the commercial product. No toxicology
has been reported for either the bark extract or its main constituents.
Drug Interactions:
Do not use taheebo with anticoagulants.
Summary: Taheebo, also known as Pau d'Arco and lpe Roxo, is derived from the inner bark of
Tabebuia avellanedae and related species. Lapachol has been mistakenly identified as the active
constituent, whereas the furanonaphthoquinones appear to be responsible for the biological
activity of the product. Widely used in alternative cancer therapy without sufficient scientific
proof, it may be more useful in antifungal applications, although no clinical trials appear to have
been conducted for any indication. There are no reports of serious adverse effects; however, it
should not be used with anticoagulants.
http://www.health-care-clinic.org/alternative-medicines/taheebo.html

Herbal Medicine: Ampalaya (Momordica charantia)

Ampalaya (Bitter Melon) with a scientific name Momordica charantia, is a climbing vine and
the tendrils of which grow up to 20 centimeters long. This herbal plant belongs to the family of
Cucurbitaceae, and it is a tropical as well as a subtropical vine. Ampalaya leaves are heart-
shaped, which are 5 to 10 centimeters in diameter. The fruits of the ampalaya vine are fleshy
green with pointed ends at length. It can never be mistaken for any other variety because its
ribbed and wrinkled surface had always been ampalaya’s distinct physical structure. The bitter
taste of the ampalaya fruit had also been the distinguishing factor from the rest of the fruits with
medicinal value, and this is due to the presence of a substance known as momorcidin.

Ampalaya has been a folkloric cure for generations but has now been proven to be an effective
herbal medicine for many aliments. Most significant of which is for Diabetes. The Philippine
variety has proven to be most potent. Ampalaya contains a mixture of flavanoids and alkaloids
make the Pancreas produce more insulin that controls the blood sugar in diabetics. Aside from
Ampalaya's medicinal value, it is good source of vitamins A, B and C, iron, folic acid,
phosphorous and calcium.

Ampalaya has been for used even by the Chinese for centuries. The effectively of Ampalaya as
an herbal medicine has been tried and tested by many research clinics and laboratories
worldwide. In the Philippines, the Department of Health has endorsed Ampalaya as an
alternative medicine to help alleviate various ailments including diabetes, liver problems and
even HIV. Aside from these, ampalaya also helps treat skin diseases and cough. Its herbal value
extends to increasing the sterility of women, in parasiticide, antipyretic, and has purgative
functions, as well. Note: In large dozes, pure Ampalaya juice can be a purgative and
abortifacient.
Herbal Benefits of Ampalaya:

• Good for rheumatism and gout

• And diseases of the spleen and liver
• Aids in lowering blood sugar levels
• Helps in lowering blood pressure
• Relives headaches
• Disinfects and heals wounds & burns
• Can be used as a cough & fever remedy
• Treatment of intestinal worms, diarrhea
• Helps prevent some types of cancer
• Enhances immune system to fight infection
• For treatment of hemorrhoids
• Is an antioxidant and parasiticide
• Is antibacterial and antipyretic
Preparation & Use of Ampalaya:

• For coughs, fever, worms, diarrhea, diabetes, juice Ampalaya leaves and drink a spoonful daily.
• For other ailments, the fruit and leaves can both be juiced and taken orally.
• For headaches wounds, burns and skin diseases, apply warmed leaves to afflicted area.
• Powdered leaves, and the root decoction, may be used as stringent and applied to treat
hemorrhoids.
• Internal parasites are proven to be expelled when the ampalaya juice, made from its leaves, is
extracted. The ampalaya juice, and grounded seeds is to be taken one spoonful thrice a day,
which also treats diarrhea, dysentery, and chronic colitis.

Balanoi or Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

Balanoi is a plant, which belongs to the family of Lamiaceae, grows to an erect length of 50 to
80 centimeters, the leaves of which are oval-shaped, and have slightly-toothed edges. The
flowers of balanoi or common basil are either white or purple. The compounds that can be
extracted from this plant vary, but it has been determined through various experiments and
researches that its dried leaves contain 0.20% to 1% of essential oils. Balanoi has been renowned
throughout the Philippines and in various parts of the world because of its medicinal and health
benefits. It can be found all over the country, and have several uses. Balanoi's use is not only
limited to medicinal purposes, rather, extracts of common basil can be found in cosmetics, and
are mixed in liquors and fragrances as well.

For instance, in South Africa and in India, the rhizomes of the Balanoi plant are extracted and are
used as mosquito repellant. This plant has also been found to aid people that suffer from various
health ailments. Studies have shown that there are particular activities on which Balanoi plant
extracts and oils address. For one, it serves as an anti-anxiety and anti-depressant medicine
because of ethanol substance that it has. It has also been used as a stimulant, and has been found
to be an effective means to remove cold sores. In the Philippines, it is an option to alleviate pain
caused by headaches, cramps, and even shortness of breath. The same goes true for sprains, and
the way to do this is to rub the oil or the extract of the Balanoi plant leaves, mixed with alcohol,
to the ailing part of the body. Balanoi also manifests anti-bacterial activities, in such a manner
that intestinal worms are eradicated from the body when the ethanol extracts derived from it are
taken in as a form of medication. There have also been clinical experiments showing that balanoi
extracts, especially its ethanol content, can be used as anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic and
even shows promise for the protection of humans from radiation.
Preparation of Balanoi as Herbal Medication:

There are several ways to prepare the plant for medication, depending on the nature for which it
is going to be used. The amount of raw materials and extracts that are needed also vary
depending on the use. When the balanoi leaves are to be used to stimulate the body, it is
recommended for the individual to permeate about twenty (20) balanoi leaves with 200 grams of
water, and three to four cups are supposed to be drank a day. A combined weight of 40 grams
basil leaves incorporated with 200 grams of water is to be used for gargling in order to remove
cold sores. Health experts suggest that this be done three times every day, until the cold sores are
gone. Now, for people who are suffering from shortness of breath, they are suggested to drink
one glass of boiled balanoi leaves, consisting of twelve leaves mixed with one and a half liters of
water, twice a day. Balanoi also helps regulate the women’s menstrual cycle, and if one is
interested in this, they are supposed to prepare a mixture of 100 grams of balanoi leaves with a
liter of water. It is recommended for people to drink four cups of this preparation several days
before one’s expected period. As for its antibacterial purposes, ten grams of balanoi leaves fused
with 100 grams of water should be boiled and drank a glass per day, during early mornings or
when the person still has an empty stomach. Lastly, for the aid that it effects for pains caused by
rheumatism, simple headache and occasional sprains, one should grind a concoction of balanoi,
rosemary and ruta, in equal proportion. It should be rubbed to the ailing or throbbing part for
eight days, the application of which may be continuous day and night.

Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa)

Banaba, the scientific name of which is Lagerstroemia speciosa, is a tropical flowery
tree. It grows to a height as high as 20 meters. Its leaves are large, and ranges from
the shape of elliptical-ovate to oblong. These leaves are shed by the plant during
the first months of the year, and are bright orange or red during these times.
Various research on Banaba conducted in Japan prove true the belief that this plant
contains high levels of corosilic acid, a substance known as one of the many
treatments for diabetes mellitus. Besides its medicinal value, banaba is also
cultivated and known for its beautiful flowers.

Banaba has been used in Filipino folkloric herbal medicine for the treatment of
diabetes for centuries. It is now gaining popularity and getting recognition as a
herbal medicine not only in the Philippines but worldwide. Banaba is also known as
Queen's Flower, Crepe Myrtle and the Pride of India. In India, Banaba has also been
used to cure diabetes in Ayurvedic medicine for a long time.
Recent studies and laboratory test showed that it's active ingredient, corosolic acid
is a potent compound that has insulin like effect to lower glucose in the body and is
effective in treating diabetes. Banaba is rapidly becoming known as a natural plant
insulin, and what makes it ideal is that, the herbal preparation may also be taken
orally, without any risk of adverse side effects. However, caution is advised against
taking Banaba with any diabetic drug or any other drug simultaneously. Always
consult with a qualified physician or a medical practitioner before taking any
medication or any herbal medicine for a correct dose. Also, extra precaution is
highly recommended as initial findings show that Banaba extract may delay and
reduce the absorption of carbohydrates in the body and promote weight loss,
despite its useful medicinal value.

Other studies that were focused on this plant showed other potential medicinal
benefits. These include antibacterial functions of seed extracts from this plant, and
a water extract of the same manifest anti-oxidative functions. Another is the
significant protection that Banaba seems to exhibit to treat HIV-infected cells. This
is brought about by its ellagic acid constituents.

Aside from the medicinal value of Banaba, as a herbal medicine, it is also good for
the health. Banaba contains high concentrations of dietary fiber and minerals such
as zinc and magnesium. The leaves can be boiled and taken daily as tea.

Bawang, Bauang | Garlic (Allium sativum)

Bawang or Garlic with scientific name Allium sativum, is a low herb, which only grows up to
sixty centimeters high. Its leaves are flat and linear, with bulbs that consist of several tubers. This
herb is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in the Philippines and can also be found
commonly in the kitchen of Filipino households as it is used to spice up food preparations. The
Philippine bawang or garlic variety is more pungent than the imported ones. Its medicinal
properties have been known for a long time and have been especially proven during World War
II when it was used to treat wounds and infections of soldiers. Garlic’s antibacterial compound
known as allicin, saved many lives of the soldiers as this property prevented the wounds from
being infected and developing into gangrene at a later stage by extracting the juice of bawang or
garlic and applying to the wounds.

Bawang, sometimes spelled as bauang or in English, garlic is known as nature's antibiotic. Its
juices inhibit the growth of fungi and viruses thus, prevent viral, yeast, and infections. The
preliminary test conducted on this medicinal herb showed some positive results in the treatment
of AIDS. Several clinical tests that followed and published studies have shown the efficacy of
garlic in lowering cholesterol in the blood and is beneficial to the circulatory system of the body.
Today, as more research is done on garlic, more medicinal and therapeutic properties become
more evident. As of the present time, lowering of the blood pressure, reduction of platelet
aggregation, and the boosting of fibrinolytic activities are among the list of herbal functions of
garlic, which is supported by medical findings. Although more clinical studies are needed to
support the contention stronger, marked improvements in benign breast diseases have been
traced to make progress because of the regular intake of supplements, of which the primary
ingredient is garlic.
Although controlled trials in terms of anti-cancer activities of garlic have been performed in
medical research, it has been proven through population-based studies that substances contain in
garlic help in reducing the risk of some types of cancer. These would include colorectal
malignancies, and gastric cancer. Regular consumption of raw garlic has been proven to aid in
many bleeding cases, especially those cases that are associated with procedures in surgeries and
dental activities. All these considered, it appears that garlic have no concrete scientific basis to
claim a significant effect in the level of glucose in our blood. It is remarkable to note though that
the Philippine Department of Health has endorsed garlic as one of the top ten Philippine herbs
with therapeutic value and the department recommends its use as an alternative herbal medicine
in view of the positive results of thorough research and testing, which had been conducted on
this herbal plant. Juice extracted from garlic bulbs can be used as tick and mosquito repellant
when applied to skin.

Bad breath, due to the strong odor of garlic, is the most common side effect of taking this herb.
Fresh garlic applications to the skin have been reported to cause skin burns and rashes. This goes
true both for those who are in the initial stages of their garlic therapies, and those who consume
it as an ingredient in food preparations.
Health Benefits of Bawang-Garlic:

• Good for the heart

• Helps lower bad cholesterol levels (LDL)
• Aids in lowering blood pressure
• Remedy for arteriosclerosis
• May help prevent certain types of cancer
• Boosts immune system to fight infection
• With antioxidant properties
• Cough and cold remedy
• Relives sore throat, toothache
• Aids in the treatment of tuberculosis
• Helps relieve rheumatism pain
• With anticoagulant properties
Preparation of Bawang-Garlic:

• For disinfecting wound, crush and juice the garlic bulb and apply. You may cover the afflicted
area with a gauze and bandage.
• For sore throat and toothache, peal the skin and chew. Swallow the juice.
• Cloves of garlic may be crushed and applied to affected areas to reduce the pain caused by
arthritis, toothache, headache, and rheumatism.
• Decoction of the bawang bulbs and leaves are used as treatment for fever.
• For nasal congestion, steam and inhale: vinegar, chopped garlic, and water.
Aside from being an alternative herbal medicine for hypertension, arteriosclerosis and other
ailments, garlic is also recommended for maintaining good health - eat raw garlic bulbs if you
can, and include bawang regularly in the food you eat. Garlic is healthy and taste good on a
variety of dishes.
 Herbal Medicine: Bayabas or Guava (Psidium guajava)
Bayabas or guava is a tropical plant, which is locally known for its edible fruit. In the backyards
of Filipino homes in the country, this plant is commonly seen, and grown because of its many
uses as fruit and as traditional remedy to treat various ailments. As shown by many research
studies, almost all of the parts of this plant have medicinal qualities and value, and thus, making
it as one of the most popular therapeutic plants in the Philippines. Bayabas is a small tree that
can grow up to 3 meters tall with greenish-brownish smooth bark. The round globular bayabas
fruit starts as a flower and is usually harvested and eaten while still green. The fruit turns
yellowish-green and soft when ripe.

The bayabas fruit bark and leaves are used as herbal medicine. Its leaves decoction is recognized
for its effectiveness to cure several ailments, including the treatment of uterine hemorrhage,
swollenness of the legs and other parts of the body, of chronic diarrhea, and gastroenteritis,
among others. The most common use of the leaves is for cleaning and disinfecting wounds by
rinsing the afflicted area with a decoction of the leaves. In the same way, such leaves are being
used to aid in the treatment of dysentery and the inflammation of the kidneys. The bark and
leaves can be used as astringent. It can also be used as a wash for uterine and vaginal problems,
and is good for ulcers. The medicinal uses of Bayabas appear infinite, as it is also a suggested
natural cure for fevers, diabetes, epilepsy, worms, and spasms. The fruit, aside from being
delicious, contains nutritional values with a very high concentration of vitamin A and vitamin C.
Uses of Bayabas :

• Antiseptic, astringent & anthelminthic

• Kills bacteria, fungi and ameba
• Used to treat diarrhea, nosebleeding
• For Hypertension, diabetes and Asthma
• Promotes menstruation

The fresh leaves are used to facilitate the healing of wounds and cuts. A decoction (boiling in
water) or infusion of fresh leaves can be used for wound cleaning to prevent infection. Bayabas
is also effective for toothaches. Note: Bayabas can cause constipation when consumed in excess.
Preparation:

• Boil one cup of Bayabas leaves in three cups of water for 8 to 10 minutes. Let cool.
• Use decoction as mouthwash, gargle.
• Use as wound disinfectant - wash affected areas with the decoction of leaves 2 to 3 times a day.
Fresh leaves may be applied to the wound directly for faster healing.
• For toothaches, chew the leaves in your mouth.
• For diarrhea, boil the chopped leaves for 15 minutes in water, and strain. Let cool, and drink a
cup every three to four hours.
• To stop nosebleed, densely roll Bayabas leaves, then place in the nostril cavities.
 Carrot (Daucus carota L.)
Carrot (Karot in Filipino) is an outstanding trait of this flowering plant, which belongs to the
family of Apiaceae, is that it is self-fertile. By nature, carrot's flowers have both male and female
organs, and are usually pollinated primarily by beetles and flies. In order to facilitate the
cultivation of this plant, it is necessary to place it in an area where it can receive light. It has a
strong rate of survival, because it can withstand strong winds. However, the carrot plant cannot
bear to be exposed to salty water and soil. It is a biennial plant, which means that it usually takes
two years for it to complete its life cycle. However, it is not uncommon for plants of this nature
to complete its biological life cycle in a few months time, especially when subjected to extreme
climate conditions.

Carrot is classified as a root vegetable, which grows as tall as one (1) meter. The wild carrot,
from which the modern carrot’s cultivation is based, has flowers that are rounded, which are
bright white in color when it is in full bloom. Such flowers have the width of 3 to 7 centimeters,
and the vegetable itself is known to have various colors, such as orange, red, purple, yellow or
white.

Carrots are extremely popular because of its numerous uses, and because of the many vitamins
and minerals that it contains. For instance, its roots are edible, whether cooked or raw, and are
used as an ingredient to soups and salad bowls. It has been found that carrot root juice is very
rich in carotene, which in turn is converted to vitamin A by our liver, and is one of the vitamins
that the body needs. Regular intake of carrot roots, in any manner, though recommended to be
taken in juice form, improves eyesight. Particular substances that are contained in the roots have
been discovered to be anti-cancer. That is the primary reason why carrot juice has become a
popular drink, as it is associated with a wealth of health benefits. The roots of the carrot plant,
when roasted, are also being used as a substitute for coffee. Extractions from the roots, known as
carotene, are also being used commercially as a food dye. The leaves of this plant, which have
high vitamin E content, are also being used as flavorings for soup. From the derived uses of this
plant, it is evident that its roots, seeds, and leaves have particular functions which are known to
be utilized by many.

Carrots have been known to have medicinal properties that allow it to be used as an astringent
and antiseptic substance. Carrot has been used as a cleansing medicine, because of its activities
which basically helps the kidney in the removal of waste in the body. It also aids in the
stimulation of one’s menstruation because of the same properties. For children, raw carrot roots
are a safe and recommended treatment for threadworms. In the same manner, regular intake of
cultivated carrot roots allows the stimulation of urine flow. It manifests activities that help the
skin, by virtue of its anti-oxidant contents.
Carrot Health Benefits:

• Body cleanser, and is a medication for kidney problems

• Treatment for cough and chest pains
• Anti-inflammatory and antiseptic function helps solve burns, ulcer and infected wounds
Preparation & Use:
• Boil with milk, and drink for cough
• Poultice of carrots may be applied to infected wounds and to the chest, in case it is going to be
used to aid in an individual’s chest pains
• Ground seeds of the plant may be taken as tea, in order to increase urine flow

Luyang Dilaw - Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Luyang Dilaw, or Ginger Root (scientific name: Zingiber officinale) belongs to the family of, as
its scientific name signifies, Zingiberaceae. The rootstocks of this erect, smooth plant are thick,
and have strong aromatic qualities. Its edible roots, tops, and even its leaves are found to have
medicinal value. The taste of luyang dilaw is distinct, brought about by the zingerone and
shogoal substances that it has, giving the plant its pungent properties. As an herbal medicine,
Luyang Dilaw has long been used as a cold, cough, fever, and sore throat remedy.

Ginger helps in the digestion and absorption of food, lowering of cholesterol, alleviating nausea
and vomiting. Luyang dilaw has antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory
properties as well. In the same way, it has been found to contain potent anti-oxidant qualities,
which come from the extract and active constituents of the plant. These uses are separate and
distinct from the nutritional value of luyang dilaw.

The rhizomes of luyang dilaw is mainly associated as the main ingredient in a very popular local
beverage, which is salabat. Recent studies have shown that luyang dilaw had been found with
traces of antiemetic properties. Thus, it is now being recommended to be taken half an hour
before one’s travel to avoid being travelsick and experience nausea during the voyage. Pregnant
women should take precautionary measures in taking luyang dilaw for medicinal purposes
although it has been proven that none of the plant’s substances triggers adverse side effects, even
when it interacts with other drugs. This herbal plant is not recommended for expectant mothers
for the very reason that there is a possibility of inhibition of testosterones that binds the fetus, as
a result of some of the properties that luyang dilaw contains.

In India, ginger is widely used to reduce inflammation and pain with those with arthritis.
Researchers have found that ginger lowers pain-causing prostaglandin levels. They advise taking
500 to 1,000 milligrams a day. The higher the intake of ginger, the greater the relief.

Ginger also helps prevent hair loss. Pound an inch square of ginger and extract the juice.
Massage the fresh ginger juice directly on to the scalp and leave on for at least 15 minutes before
rinsing, but for best results, leave on overnight to better stimulate the hair follicles and induce
hair growth.
Medicinal Benefits of Luyang Dilao (Ginger Root):

• Relieves rheumatic pains & muscle pains

• Alleviates sore throat, fever and colds
• Ease nausea and vomiting
• Intestinal disorders and slow digestion
• Relief from tympanism and flatulence
• Treat intestinal worms
• Hinder diarrhea, gas pains
• Relieve indigestion (dyspepsia), toothaches
• Lower cholesterol levels
• Aids treatment of tuberculosis
Preparation & Use:

• Boil the ginger root in water and drink. The more concentrated the better.
• For sore throat and tooth ache, remove the skin and chew small portions.
• For cuts & bruises, apply the juice of luyang-dilao directly to the skin or use dried rhizomes
with 70% alcohol then apply to afflicted areas.
• For rheumatism and muscle pains, pound roasted or fresh ginger and apply to painful areas -can
be mixed with oil for easy application.

Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn)

Gumamela is a shrub that grows from one meter up to 4 meters high. Gumamela is
also known as: Hibiscus, China Rose and Shoeflower. In the Philippines, gumamela
is cultivated as an ornamental plant. The gumamela flower comes in many colors:
red, yellow, orange, white, purple, pink and other color combinations.

Gumamela leaves, usually blended with Rose Hip has long been used in the Middle
East and Okinawa as herbal tea. Today, the use of gumamela tea is gaining
worldwide popularity - including Asia. Gumamela (Hibiscus) is associated with
longevity.

Gumamela as Herbal Medicine

As herbal medicine, gumamela flower, leaves and roots are used. Gumamela has
the following medicinal characteristics: expectorant, diuretic, emollient, anti-
infectious, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anodyne and refrigerant.

Preparation & Use of Gumamela:

There are two ways to utilize gumamela as herbal medicine. One is dried and the
other is fresh. For Dried gumamela, collect the flower, leaves and/or roots. Wash,
then cut into small pieces and sun dry. To use as decoction, boil the dried
gumamela parts (1/4 cup dried gumamela in 1 glass of water)

To make a decoction from fresh gumamela, Wash gumamela flower and/or leaves,
cut into small pieces and boil (1/3 cup in 1 glass of water), let cool and drink.

Use Gumamela as Poultice:

Poultice is the use or fresh or dried herbs that is mashed, crushed or pounded -
often heated (boiled in water to soften and heat the herb) and applied directly to
the skin. A clean cloth or gauze can be used to help the poultice stay in place.
Gumamela is used for the treatment of:

• Bronchitis - as an expectorant
• Coughs, sore throat
• Fever - as refrigerant drink
• Treats dysentery
• Urinary tract infection, bladder infections
• High blood pressure
• Prevention of constipation
• Headaches
• Boils, swelling & abscesses, mumps
Application & Use of Gumamela:

• Decoction is used to treat: Bronchitis, coughs, fever, dysentery, urinary and bladder infections,
high blood pressure and constipation.
• Poultice is applied externally on the afflicted area. This is used to treat: headaches (on the
forehead), boils, swelling, abscesses and mumps.
• Intake of gumamela (alone or mixed with papaya or papaya seeds) specially in large quantities
can be an abortifacient.

Lagundi (Vitex negundo)

Lagundi (scientific name: Vitex negundo) is a shrub that grows in the Philippines. It is one of the
ten herbal medicines endorsed by the Philippine Department of Health as an effective herbal
medicine with proven therapeutic value. Commonly known in the Ilocos region as dangla,
lagundi has been clinically tested to be effective in the treatment of colds, flu, bronchial asthma,
chronic bronchitis, and pharyngitis. Studies have shown that Lagundi can prevent the body's
production of leukotrienes, which are released during an asthma attack. Lagundi contains
Chrysoplenol D, a substance with anti-histamine and muscle relaxant properties. Even in Japan,
lagundi is becoming recognized as an effective herbal medicine, especially since researches have
shown that it contains properties that make it an expectorant and it has been reported to function
as a tonic as well. More than that, most of the parts of the lagundi plant have medicinal value.

The roots of this shrub are also used as treatment for rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils, and leprosy.
The leaves, flowers, seeds, and root of Lagundi can all be used as herbal medicine. A decoction
is made by boiling the parts of the plant and taken orally. Today, Lagundi is available in capsule
form and syrup for cough. For its part, the flowers are recommended as a cardiac tonic, as cure
for liver diseases, and other internal disorders such as diarrhea and cholera. The lagundi plant
also has anti-inflammatory functions, and its cooling effects are ideal as treatment for skin
diseases such as leprosy.

Plant Description: The Lagundi plant can grow up to five meters tall. It can be described as a
cross between a shrub and a tree with a single woody stem (trunk). One of Lagundi's distinctive
features is its pointed leaves with five leaflets set like a hand.
Lagundi tablets (300 mg) are available from the Department of Health's Philippine Institute of
Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) Telephone # (632) 727-6199.
Herbal Benefits of Lagundi:

• Relief of asthma & pharyngitis

• Recommended relief of rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils, diarrhea
• Treatment of cough, colds, fever and flu and other bronchopulmonary disorders
• Alleviate symptoms of Chicken Pox
• Removal of worms, and boils
Preparation & Use:

• Boil half cup of chopped fresh or dried leaves in 2 cups of water for 10 to 15 minutes. Drink
half cup three times a day.
• For skin diseases or disorders, apply the decoction of leaves and roots directly on skin.
• The root is specially good for treating dyspepsia, worms, boils, colic and rheumatism.
A decoction (boiling in water) of the roots and leaves of Lagundi are applied to wounds, and
used as aromatic baths for skin diseases. Boiled seeds are eaten in order to prevent the spreading
of toxins and venom from bites of poisonous animals. Juice extracted from the flowers of
Lagundi plant is taken in as an aid for disorders like fever, diarrhea, liver disorders, and even
cholera. While a decoction of the plant leaves is suggested to be taken by individuals to help
increase the flow and production of milk, as well as to induce menstruation.

Malunggay (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

The malunggay plant is known to different parts of the world under various names including, but
not limited to, horseradish tree, drumstick tree, and dool in some regions. It is one of the more
popular and publicized plant that is acknowledged to have nutritional, as well as, medicinal
value. It is rich in vitamins A, B & C, minerals such as iron and amino acids. Fortunately, the
plant is easily accessible as it can be found not only as part of the wild life, but also in the
backyards of many Filipino homes. Malunggay proves to be a low-maintenance plant to grow,
and is able to propagate in almost all kinds of soil. Most of the parts of the malunggay had been
proven to be useful, both for consumption and for its preparation as a medicinal plant. Its
flowers, leaves and young pods are associated and perceived to be important because of the
health benefits that it provides.

The malunggay plant, which belongs to the Moringaceae family, can grow as high as nine
meters. The bark of this tree has a gummy quality in it, and when peered closely, is comprised of
white wood that is soft in nature. It derives one of its names, horseradish, from the taste of its
roots. The malunggay leaves, which are used in certain Filipino viands, have a very distinct
shape that makes it easily recognizable. They are circular, thin sheets that are attached to a main
stalk. The malunggay flowers are white fragrances that produce the pods, which are also used for
medicinal purposes.
Health Benefits of Malunggay
As have been mentioned earlier, there are various parts of the malunggay plant which are being
used for health reasons. For one, the leaves of this plant proved to be a good source of calcium,
iron, ascorbic acid and phosphorus. Its other parts such as the seeds, the young pods, and the
flowers have been established to benefit individuals as far as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic,
circulatory stimulations, and such other activities that are most beneficial to mankind, are
concerned. There have been claims that malunggay can be used to lower blood pressure, aid in
pains caused by rheumatism, headaches and migraines, as well as its being an anti-tumor plant.
Malunggay is also used for purgative and anti-fungal purposes, as well. All these prove the claim
that this plant is indeed multi-purpose.

There are various ways to derive the benefits from malunggay plant. Aside from the natural and
direct means, wherein one is going to prepare the concoctions at home by picking the necessary
parts from the plant itself, one can also purchase the commercial extractions of malunggay.
There are malunggay capsules that are now available in the market, which contain 250mg dried
young leaves of the malunggay plant. In the same way, there are commercial oil extracts of the
malunggay flowers which are also in the market. Because of the popularity that has been
associated with this plant, commercial establishments have exploited the malunggay’s
marketable qualities. For simple preparations however, as when the concoction would be used
for uncomplicated ailments like hiccups, as a means to end constipation, or as wound cleanser,
one may eat the cooked leaves of the malunggay plant during his last meals of the day. This
should be accompanied by water, especially when the ailment to be addressed is constipation.
Now, as wound cleanser, the leaves may be crushed and applied to the affected area directly. In
all instances, cleanliness should be observed to avoid complications.

Niyog-Niyogan (Quisqualis Indica L.)

Niyog-niyogan or Rangoon Creeper is an excellent vine for outdoor gardens. This ligneous plant,
scientifically called Quisqualis indica L. It is also known as Burma or Rangoon Creeper, Liane
Vermifuge and Chinese honeysuckle. Niyog-niyogan is perfect for covered walkways as it grows
at least 2.5m long and reaches up to 8m long when it matures. This active climber, which
belongs to the combretaceae family grows best in tropical areas and demands constant sunlight.
Perhaps due to its tropical characterization that it is found in primary and secondary forests of
countries like Africa, China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea and
other Asian regions.

Niyog-niyogan is cultivated in greenhouses and can be naturalized in tropical areas. This vine
starts as a shrub about 3-feet tall with branches growing from all directions. The mother shrub
seizes to grow and dies after six months allowing the creeper to rapidly climb walls, trees, and
the like. The branches of niyog-niyogan are filled with oblong-shaped leaves growing on
opposite sides attached to 6mm to 10mm long petioles. The leaves of niyog-niyogan can grow up
to 15cm long and more than 5cm wide with a pointed tip. Its flowers grow in clusters and it
blossoms year-round. Its flowers open at night with five bright red petals and gives out a distinct
perfume. The young flowers of niyog-niyogan start with white-colored petals that turn pink then
red as it matures. It also bears fruits, which can grow up to 3cm long with five angles on its
sides.

The niyog-niyogan plant grows in haste during the rainy season, hence constant pruning is
especially recommended during this time. It is advised to place this plant in spacious areas to
avoid crowding with a temperature of at least 60°F with evenly moistened soil to produce
flowers. Niyog-niyogan can thrive in almost all kinds of soil and can even tolerate moderate
amount of drought in cold seasons.
Benefits & Treatment of Niyog-Niyogan:

Almost all of its parts are used individually, or mixed with other ingredients, as remedy to
different ailments. In the Philippines, these are taken to rid people of parasitic worms. Some also
use these to help alleviate coughs and diarrhea. Medical experts, advice patients to consult their
doctors as improper dosing may cause hiccups. Niyog-niyogan’s leaves are used to cure body
pains by placing them on specific problematic areas of the body. Compound decoctions of the
leaves of niyog-niyogan are used in India to alleviate flatulence.
Preparation & Use:

Seeds of niyog-niyogan can be taken as an anthelmintic. These are eaten raw two hours before
the patient’s last meal of the day. Adults may take 10 seeds while children 4 to 7 years of age
may eat up to four seeds only. Children from ages 8 to 9 may take six seeds and seven seeds may
be eaten by children 10 to 12 years old.

Decoctions of its roots are also sometimes used as a remedy for rheumatism while its fruits are
used as an effective way to relieve toothaches.

Pansit-Pansitan (Peperomia pellucida Linn.) a.k.a.

Ulasiman-Bato
Pansit-pansitan (family: Piperaceae) is an herbal medicine also known as Ulasiman-bato,
olasiman-ihalas & tangon-tangon in the Philippines. English name: peperomia. It is a small herb
that grows from 1 to 1 1/2 feet. Pansit-pansitan can be found wild on lightly shaded and damp
areas such as nooks, walls, yards and even roofs. Pansit-pansitan has heart shaped leaves,
succulent stems with tiny flowers on a spike. When matured, the small fruits bear one seed which
fall of the ground and propagate.

The leaves and stalk of pansit-pansitan are edible. It can be harvested, washed and eaten as fresh
salad. Taken as a salad, pansit-pansitan helps relive rheumatic pains and gout. An infusion or
decoction (boil 1 cup of leaves/stem in 2 cups of water) can also be made and taken orally - 1
cup in the morning and another cup in the evening.

For the herbal treatment of skin disorders like abscesses, pimples and boils, pound the leaves
and/or the stalks and make a poultice (boil in water for a minute or two then pounded) then
applied directly to the afflicted area. Likewise a decoction can be used as a rinse to treat skin
disorders.

For headaches, heat a couple of leaves in hot water, bruise the surface and apply on the forehead.
The decoction of leaves and stalks is also good for abdominal pains and kidney problems.
Like any herbal medicine it is not advisable to take any other medication in combination with
any herbs. Consult with a medical practitioner knowledgeable in herbal medicine before any
treatment.
Pansit-pansitan is used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of:

• Arthritis
• Gout
• Skin boils, abscesses, pimples
• Headache
• Abdominal pains
• kidney problems

Saluyot or Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.)

Saluyot, also known as jute, is a green leafy vegetable that is rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron
and potassium. It has also been determined that 100 grams of saluyot contains an ample amount
of Vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, and is also rich in fiber. With these facts alone,
we can appreciate the benefits that can be derived from eating and incorporating saluyot in one’s
diet. This vegetable also assures safety of intake even for pregnant mothers. Unlike other plants
with medicinal benefits like makabuhay, it is safe to be eaten even by those which are medically
considered to be in a weak state. Saluyot can be found basically everywhere. From warm,
tropical countries like the Philippines to tropical deserts and wet forest zones, saluyot is
abundant. It does not require much attention and care, and thus, thrives without cultivation the
whole year round.
Preparation and Health Benefits of Saluyot
Because the saluyot or jute plant is by nature a vegetable, it is easy to prepare and can be
incorporated to various dishes that would allow individuals to benefit from its vitamins and
mineral content. Since it can be found easily, there are a lot of local viands and/or dishes that use
saluyot as an ingredient. For instance, the Ilocanos use saluyot in their preparation of dinengdeng
and bulangbulang. Fried saluyot are also mixed with sautéed bamboo shoots and dried beans.
Other dishes include, but are not limited to chicken viands, wherein saluyot are mixed in either
sautéed or pureed form. It is also integrated in mongo dishes, and in soups.

Although some dislikes the slimy character of saluyot, its benefits are worth enduring the slimy
character of this vegetable. Its vitamin content is good for eyesight, as the vegetable contains
beta-carotene. Its iron and calcium content necessarily aids a person in maintaining strong bones
and teeth, and a healthy count of red blood cells. Saluyot has been used to reduce wrinkles, as it
also contains anti-oxidant substances. Studies have also shown that saluyot can be used for anti-
inflammatory treatment. It is to be noted that saluyot has been used traditionally to address
concerns related to inflammation and pain, and the results of recent studies confirmed the
validity of such traditional practice. In the same manner, saluyot has also been connected with
curing the chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder. To prepare its medical decoction, an
individual is advised to eat dishes and soups that contain saluyot. As to the dosage or the amount
of intake that one should have, recent studies have not been able to establish this yet.
The Philippine Department of Health advises the public to increase their intake of this particular
vegetable, to include malunggay and banana as well, in order to build resistance against the
threat of swine flu. The DOH encourages this because its vitamins and mineral content, as have
been mentioned earlier, would fortify one’s defenses against communicable diseases, which
includes the widespread and dreaded disease. It is a good thing, therefore, that no other separate
preparation is needed in order to experience and enjoy saluyot's benefits.

Sambong (Blumea balsamifera L.)

Sambong (scientific name: Blumea balsamifera) is an amazing medicinal plant. Coming from the
family of Compositae, it goes by several names locally. It is known in the Visayas as bukadkad
and as subsob in Ilocos. The plant is a strongly aromatic herb that grows tall and erect. Its height
ranges from 1.5 to 3 meters, with stems that grow for up to 2.5 centimeters. It is an anti-
urolithiasis and work as a diuretic. It is used to aid the treatment of kidney disorders. The
Sambong leaves can also be used to treat colds and mild hypertension. Since it is a diuretic, this
herbal medicine helps dispose of excess water and sodium (salt) in the body.

Sambong is one herbal medicine (of ten) approved by the Philippine Department of Health
(DOH) as an alternative medicine in treating particular disorders. This plant possesses a
multitude of properties that make it worthy of the DOH approval. It functions as an astringent
and as an expectorant, and has been found to be anti-diarrhea and anti-spasm. As an astringent,
preparations made of sambong leaves may be used for wounds and cuts. It is also suggested to be
incorporated to post-partum baths, as well as considerable immersion of particular body areas
that are afflicted with pains caused by rheumatism. Its expectorant properties make it as a
popular recommendation to be taken in as tea to treat colds.

Powdered Sambong leaves are available in 250 mg tablets at the DOH's Philippine Institute of
Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) Telephone # (632) 727-6199.
Health Benefits of Sambong:

• Good as a diuretic agent

• Effective in the dissolving kidney stones
• Aids in treating hypertension & rheumatism
• Treatment of colds & fever
• Anti-diarrheic properties
• Anti-gastralgic properties
• Helps remove worms, boils
• Relief of stomach pains
• Treats dysentery, sore throat
Preparation & Use:

• A decoction (boil in water) of Sambong leaves as like tea and drink a glass 3 or 4 times a day.
• The leaves can also be crushed or pounded and mixed with coconut oil.
• For headaches, apply crushed and pounded leaves on forehead and temples.
• Decoction of leaves is used as sponge bath.
• Decoction of the roots, on the other hand, is to be taken in as cure for fever.

Tsaang Gubat or Wild Tea (Ehretia microphylla Lam.)

Tsaang Gubat is one of the 10 herbs that is endorsed the Philippine Department of Health (DOH)
as an antispasmodic for abdominal (stomach) pains. And is registered as a herbal medicine at the
Philippine Bureau of Food & Drug (BFAD).

Tsaang Gubat is a shrub (small tree) that grows (from 1 to 5 meters) abundantly in the
Philippines. In folkloric medicine, the leaves has been used as a disinfectant wash during child
birth, as cure for diarrhea, as tea for general good heath and because Tsaang Gubat has high
fluoride content, it is used as a mouth gargle for preventing tooth decay. Research and test now
prove it's efficacy as an herbal medicine. Aside from the traditional way of taking Tsaag Gubat,
it is now available commercially in capsules, tablets and tea bags.

Tsaang Gubat is also knows as: Wild Tea, Forest Tea, Alibungog (Visayas Region), Putputai
(Bicol Region) and Maragued (Ilocos Region). Scientific name: Ehretia Microphylla Lam.
Health Benefits of Tsaang Gubat:

• Stomach pains
• Gastroenteritis
• Intestinal motility
• Dysentery
• Diarrhea or Loose Bowel Movement (LBM)
• Mouth gargle
• Body cleanser/wash
Preparation & Use:

• Thoroughly wash the leaves of tsaang gubat in running water. Chop to a desirable size and boil
1 cup of chopped leaves in 2 cups of water. Boil in low heat for 15 to 20 minutes and drain.
• Take a cupful every 4 hours for diarrhea, gastroenteritis and stomach pains.
• Gargle for stronger teeth and prevent cavities.
• Drink as tea daily for general good health.

Philippine Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)

VCO is now getting global reputation as the healthiest and versatile oil in the world.
The Philippines is one of the best sources of virgin coconut oil and it's popularity in
the country is legendary. Although not an herb, we decided to make an article about
VCO because of the growing interest on the oil and after receiving several inquiries
from our visitors.

Virgin coconut oil and regular coconut oil is rich in Lauric Acid, an essential fatty
acid that is only found in high concentrations in mother's milk. When taken
internally, Lauric Acid turns into a compound known as Monolaurin. It is this
compound that is believed to fight viral pathogens that protects the body from
bacteria, viruses and infections from parasites. Coconut oil also causes the
metabolic rate to increase, hence helps reduce weight and is safe and beneficial for
diabetics.

For many years, coconut oil has been discredited (specially in the west) because of
it's high saturated fat content. But recent studies have shown that not all saturated
fats are the same. The medium chain triglycerides of which virgin coconut oil is
classified, does not elevate LDL (the bad cholesterol) in our body compared to other
polyunsaturated vegetable oils such as canola and sunflower oil which is widely
produced in the west.

How Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is Made

First, the husk and the shell is removed from fresh coconuts, then the meat of the
coconut is shredded -a process called "Wet Milled", then the meat is "Cold Pressed"
to get the coconut milk without any chemicals. The milk is then fermented in
containers for a day or two. After which, oil is produced. This oil is carefully filtered
and separated from the curd. You now have what is called, virgin coconut oil. A
more modern way of separating the oil from the curd is through centrifugal force.
The second method of producing virgin coconut oil (VCO) is using quick dried
coconut meat and then processed in the same way. But the preferred manner by
most is still the "Wet Milled" process.

Difference between Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and Regular (RBD) Coconut
Oil.

RBD stands for Refined, Bleached, and Deodorized. Ordinary coconut oil usually
comes from copra - coconut meat that is dried by either smoke, kiln or placing
under the sun. Because the process itself is not sanitized, the oil must be further
refined. To get more oil from copra, chemicals are usually used. RBD process is
required to make the oil clear, odor free and tasteless. This procedure also removes
the anti-oxidant and other properties of the oil. Some coconut oils are also
hydrogenated which increases the serum cholesterol levels and thus is bad for the
heart.

While virgin coconut oil, being pure, unadulterated and unhydrogenated retains it's
pleasant coconut taste, smell and all the health benefits of coconut oil.

Much research still has to be done on the benefits of virgin coconut oil but
preliminary findings and anecdotal reports are very promising. This may well be the
much needed medicine to restore to health the ailing Philippine coconut industry.

Benefits of VCO:

• A boost to the body's immune system

• A good source of saturated medium chain triglycerides
• VCO helps regulate blood sugar
• Lowers the viral load of AIDS patients
• Has anti-viral & anti-microbial properties
• Helps hepatitis C, herpes patients
• Helps maintain healthy thyroid function
• Maintain LDL & HDL cholesterol levels
• Heals & nourishes the skin, hair & scalp

Yerba Buena (Clinopodium douglasii)

Yerba Buena is an herb of the mint family. It is an aromatic plant used as herbal medicine
worldwide. This perennial plant’s growth ranges from 0.6 meters to 1 meter. It has elongated
leaves and in summers, it bears small whitish or purplish flowers. Such flowers possess both
male and female organs that allow it to be pollinated by bees and animals of the same nature.
The word Yerba Buena is Spanish for "good herb" and was the former name of the California
city of San Francisco.

Before its medicinal value has been recognized, Yerba Buena was first used as an ingredient in
numerous cuisines. It became popular because of its distinctively strong spearmint flavor, thus
making it ideal for salads. The leaves are the source of this flavor, and they may be added to
viands and meals, either raw or cooked. It has also been effective to drive away rats and other
rodents, because of its strong smell of mint that it emits. Thus, besides its medicinal value, it has
long been recognized to have strong commercial demand due to the variety of uses that the plant
have.

Yerba Buena has been consumed for centuries as tea and herbal medicine as a pain reliever
(analgesic). Native American Indians used it even before the "white men" colonized the
Americas. Today, this folk medicine's efficacy has been validated by scientific research. In the
Philippines, Yerba Buena is one of the 10 herbs endorsed by the Department of Health (DOH) as
an effective alternative medicine for aches and pains. It has been recognized for its antiseptic,
anti-cancer, diuretic, anti-spasm, anti-emetic activities. Properties of this herbal plant are also
found to function as stimulant and to have restorative effects.

As an herbal medicine, a decoction (boil leaves then strain) of Yerba Buena is effective for
minor ailments such as headaches, toothaches, and joint pains. It can also relive stomachaches
due to gas buildup and indigestion. The fresh and dried leaves can both be used for the
decoction. And because Yerba Buena belongs to the mint family, soaking fresh leaves in a glass
of water (30 to 45 minutes) makes a good and effective mouth wash for a clean, fresh smelling
breath.
Yerba Buena may be used to treat:

• Arthritis
• Head aches
• Tooth aches
• Mouth wash
• Relief of intestinal gas
• Stomach aches
• Indigestion
• Drink as tea for general good health.
Preparation & Use:

• Wash fresh Yerba Buena leaves in running water. Chop to size for dried leaves, crush) and boil
2 teaspoons of leaves in a glass of water. Boil in medium heat for 15 to 20 minutes.
• As analgesic, take a cupful every 3 hours.
• For tooth aches, pound the fresh leaves, squeeze juice out and apply on a cotton ball then bite
on to the aching tooth.
• Yerba buena leaves may be heated over fire and placed over the forehead for headaches.

Stems of Yerba Buena may be crushed and applied

directly to bruises. Folkloric use include poultice
preparation and the oil extracts from its stems are
suggested to be a remedy for cancerous tumors. Caution
should be observed in taking this herbal medicine as it can
be toxic in large doses.

Pandan (Pandanus tectorius)

Fragrant Screw Pine
The pandan tree grows as tall as 5 meters, with erect, small branches. Pandan is also known as
Fragrant Screw Pine. Its trunk bears plenty of prop roots. Its leaves spirals the branches, and
crowds at the end. Its male inflorescence emits a fragrant smell, and grows in length for up to 0.5
meters. The fruit of the pandan tree, which is usually about 20 centimeters long, are angular in
shape, narrow in the end and the apex is truncate. It grows in the thickets lining the seashores of
most places in the Philippines. In various parts of the world, the uses of this plant are very
diverse. Some countries concentrate on the culinary uses of pandan, while others deeply rely on
its medicinal values. For instance, many Asians regard this food as famine food. Others however
mainly associate pandan with the flavoring and nice smell that it secretes.
In the Philippines, pandan leaves are being cooked along with rice to incorporate the flavor and
smell to it. As can be observed, the uses of the pandan tree are not limited to cooking uses. Its
leaves and roots are found to have medicinal benefits. Such parts of the plant have been found to
have essential oils, tannin, alkaloids and glycosides, which are the reasons for the effective
treatment of various health concerns. It functions as a pain reliever, mostly for headaches and
pain caused by arthritis, and even hangover. It can also be used as antiseptic and anti-bacterial,
which makes it ideal for healing wounds. In the same manner, a preparation derived from the
bark of this plant may be used to address skin problems. Many people have also discovered that
it is an effective remedy for cough. In India, pandan leaves are being used to treat skin disorders
like leprosy and smallpox. The bitter tasting quality of the leaves makes it ideal for health
problems which include, but are not limited to, diabetes fever, ulcer and wounds. In Hawaii,
pandan flowers are being chewed by mothers who later give the chewed flowers to their children,
as laxative. The juice extracted from pounded roots of this tree is used and mixed with other
ingredients to ease chest pains. Also, it is used as tonic for women who have just given birth and
who are still in weak states. Pandan flowers have also been traced with characteristics that
function as aphrodisiac. Pandan also manifests anti-cancer activities, and that is why modern
researches in the United States have subjected this plant for further experiments and
investigation.
Pandan Health Benefits:

• Treats leprosy, smallpox and wounds.

• Helps reduce fever
• Solves several skin problems
• Relives headache and arthritis
• Treatment for ear pains
• Functions as a laxative for children
• Eases chest pains
• Helps in speeding up the recuperation of women who have just given birth and are still weak
• Pandan reduces stomach spasms and strengthens the gum.
Preparation & Use of Pandan:

• Decoction of the bark may be taken as tea, or mixed with water that is to be used in bathing, in
order to remedy skin problems, cough, and urine-related concerns.
• Apply pulverized roots of pandan to affected wound areas to facilitate healing.
• The anthers of the male flowers are used for earaches, headaches and stomach spasms.
• Chew the roots to strengthen the gum.
• Extract oils and juices from the roots and flowers are used in preparing the decoction to relieve
pains brought about by headache and arthritis.

Damong maria
Artemisia vulgaris Linn.
MAIDEN WORT, CHINESE HONEYSUCKLE, WORMWOOD
Ai
Common names
Abraaka (Ilk.) Maria (Tag.)
Artanusa (C. Bis.) Santa maria (Tag.)
Cintura de S. Jose (Span.) Tinisas (Tag.)
Cordon de S. Jose (Span.) Corona de San Juan, Ajenjo (Span.)
Damong maria (Tag.) Chinese honeysuckle (Engl.)
Gilbas (C. Bis.) Motherwort (Engl.)
Erbaka (Ilk.) Maiden wort (Engl.)
Herbaaka (Bon.) Felon herb, mugwort (Engl.)
Kamaria (Tag.) Wegwood, wormwood (Engl.)
Ai (Chin.)
Botany
Erect perennial herb; hairy, aromatic, often semiwoody, with leafy and
branched stems, growing to a height of 1 meter. Leaves up to 14 centimeters
long, lobed, hairy, gray beneath, with nearly smooth upper surface. Numerous
flower heads are spikelike, ascending, branched inflorescences. Fruit is
minute.

Distribution
Widely cultivated in the Philippines, around the houses, gardens and open
places. Propagated by cuttings and layering.
Chemical constituents and characteristics
Plant yields a volatile oil consisting of cineol, thujone, paraffin and aldehyde.
Fragrant but bitter to taste.
Emmenagogue

Parts utilized
Leaves and flowers

Uses
Folkloric
- Decoction of fresh leaves and flowering tops, 50 g in a pint of water, 4-5
glasses daily as expectorant.
- Juice of leaves used as vulnerary, to heal wounds and cuts.
- As emmenagogue: A strong decoction of leaves, 6-7 glasses a day to
induce menstruation; also, for post-partum abdominal cramps.
- Juice of leaves applied to head of young children during convulsions.
- For intestinal deworming, decoction of boiled leaves, followed by the juice of
aloe or other purgative plants.
- Decoction of leaves used for abdominal colic pains.
- Leaf poultice for headache and skin diseases.
- Decoction of dried leaves used for asthma and dyspepsia.
- Juice used externally for scabies, eczema, herpes.
- With ginger: Pounded leaves, mixed with ginger are wrapped in banana
leaves and heated over a fire, and applied to wounds and swollen and
inflammed dermal afflictions.
- Stimulates appetite, young leaves used for anorexia.
Others
- Flowering tops of mugwort used by modern dyers in the production of green dye.
-Before tobacco, leaves smoked by old people.
- Young and tender leaves used as pot herb.
- Fresh or dried plant repels insects.
Moxa
- Fresh leaves are picked in the spring and sun-dried, then ground to a fine powder (moxa wool).
The wool is kneaded into cones that are buned on the skin. Sometimes, the Moxa wool is prepared
in combinationn with the powder of other herbals.
• The burning of moxa herb sticks (compressed dried leaves) is a treatment modality of the
acupuncturist. It is placed above the skin, along meridians or specific acupuncture points, mean to
restore good health, energy balancing, release of Qi - a process called Moxibustion.
• The moxibustion of mugwort has been used in correcting breech presentation of fetuses into
cephalic orientation. Also used to cause abortion.

Studies
• Phytochemicals: Study of dichlormethane extract of dried-leaves of Av yielded a new
sesquiterpene 1, caryophyllene oxide, phytyl fatty esters, squalene, stigmasterol and sitosterol.
• Estrogenic Flavonoids from Artemisia vulgaris L. : A study isolated twenty known flavonoids,
the most abundant were eriodictyol and luteolin. Two flavonoids, eriodictyol and apigenin, induced
the transcription of the estrogen receptor gene in transgenic yeast.
• Major dicaffeoylquinic acids from Artemisia vulgaris
• Hepatoprotective: Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous-methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris:
Pre-treatment of mice reduced the toxin-induced rise in ALT and AST in induced-hepatitis. The
study scientifically validates the traditional use of A. vulgaris for various liver disorders.
• Anti-inflammatory: In vivo microvascular actions of Artemisia vulgaris L. in a model of ischemia-
reperfusion injury in the rat intestinal mesentery: Study showed the extracts significantly reduced
leukocyte adherence and transendothelial leakage while improving flow in the ischemia-reperfused
organ. The extract contained yomogin, previously shown to inhibit iNOS activity, and may explain
the anti-inflammatory porperty of the plant.
• Moxa Burning–Health Hazard? - UK tested the potential toxicity of smoke produced by the
buring of Moxa in traditional Chinese medicine. Sidestream smoke from cigar-shaped "sticks" or
"rolls" of Moxa was tested showed levels of only two volatiles equivalent or greater than the safe
exposure levels, as well as carbon monoxide levels. Study gives no immediate concerns from
continued use of moxa as a therapeutic modality. However, it suggests further testing for
ventilation, cleansing of room environ and use of moxa on broken skin.
• Anti-Trichinellosis: Trichinellosis can cause diarrhea, fever, periorbital edema and myositis in
humans. This study on the methanol extracts of aerial parts of Av showed reduction of larval rate
with significantly reduced antibody response during the enteral and parenteral phases. Results
suggest Av can be an alternative drug against trichinellosis.
• Anti-Hypertensive: Study suggests that the aqueous and chloroform extracts of leaves of Av
have anti-hypertensive actions with not significant effecfts on cardiovascular hemodynamics.
• Antioxidant: Study of extract of Av yielded flavonoidal and flavonol contents and exhibited nitric
oxide scavenging activity, significant increases in glutathione level, superoxide dismutase activity
and serum ascorbic acid levels. Results indicate Av is a potential source of natural antioxidants.
• Anticonvulsant: In a study of the aqueous extracts of leaves and stems of seven medicinal
plants on Picrotoxin-induced seizures in mice, Artemisia vulgaris was one of four extracts to delay
the onset of seizures and decrease the mortality rate.
Caution
Pregnancy: Should not be used by pregnant women.

Availability
Wild-crafted.
http://stuartxchange.com/Damong.html