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8m Ohm
ET1 R2 := 13.3m Ohm
AM1
LS1 := 0.1726m H
A LS2 := 0.20222m H
+ LM := 9.81m H AMPL := -3.2k
VM1 V
ET2 Generator_torque
AM2 A
A B
C
3~ M
+ J := 10.5 kg m% Load T0 := 1.2 s
VM2 V AM3 ASM_2 P := 2
ET3
A T
T0 := 1 s
AMPL := 3.204k
Load_torque
GND
FEA FEA
Optimetrics
Maxwell 3D
Maxwell 2D
Co-simulation SIMPLORER
Electric Machine Design Suite
A Complete Solution for Modern Electric Machines and Drives Design
D2 IGBT D3
IGBT
ECELink ω
EMF 175 +
IGBT FM_ROT
IA
ROT1 T
A A_PHASE_N1
IB
ROT2
A B_PHASE_N1
+
VBC V IC
A
C_PHASE_N1
EMF 175
IGBT
IGBT
ECE
A AM_IGB
ICA: PP:= EQU theta_elect := PP * ECELink
ON:= theta := MOD(theta_elect
OFF:=
THRESH:=4
HYST:=
-500.0 0 -200.0
-1.00 -100.0 -300.0
0 10.00m 17.27mt 0 10.00 17.27 t 0 10.00 17.27 t
EMSSLink1
EMSSLink1
R1 MASS_ROTB1
MASS_ROTB1 EMF2 175
R1 R5 R3
EMF2 175 R5 R3 IA ROTB1
RA 0.023
IA RA 0.023 ROTB1
A A_PHASE_N1
A A_PHASE_N1 E1
E1 ROTB2
E5 E3
ROTB2 E5 E3 IB A_PHASE_N2
IB
RB A_PHASE_N2 RB 0.023
0.023
A A B_PHASE_N1
+ B_PHASE_N1 +
VBC V VBC V IC
IC B_PHASE_N2 B_PHASE_N2
RC 0.023 RC 0.023
A C_PHASE_N1
A C_PHASE_N1
C_PHASE_N2 C_PHASE_N2
EMF1 175 EMF1 175
VGE4
R2 R6 R4 VGE4
+
V R2 R6 R4
+
V
A AM_IGBT ICA:
ICA:
E2 E6 E4 A AM_IGBT
E2 E6 E4
ctrl_1:=OFF ctrl_2:=OFF
ctrl_6:=OFF ctrl_2:=OFF ctrl_3:=OFF
ctrl_1:=OFF ctrl_1:=OFF ctrl_2:=OFF
ctrl_6:=OFF ctrl_2:=OFF ctrl_3:=OFF
ctrl_1:=OFF
Machine Types
• Induction Machines : Three-Phase, Single-Phase
• Synchronous Machines : Line-Start PM, Adjustable Speed PM,
Salient Pole, Non-Salient Pole
• Brush commutated: DC, Permanent Magnet DC, Universal, Claw-
pole Alternator
• Electronically commutated: Brushless PM, Switched Reluctance
User Inputs
Typical Results
Complete Report and Curves
RMxprt to Maxwell 2D link
Automatic creation of complete transient design including:
Geometry, Materials, Master/Slave Boundaries, Sources, Mesh
Operations, External Circuits, Motion, and Solution Setup
Access this by clicking on Analysis > Setup > Create Maxwell
Design
RMxprt to Maxwell 3D link
Complete geometry creation
One-click FEA design
Option for periodic or full
models
Automatic update with project
variables
Single/double
Single/double
squirrel-cage
squirrel-cagecores
cores
Inner/outer
Inner/outerAC/DC
AC/DC
armature
armaturecores
cores
Maxwell
What is Maxwell?
Magnetic and Electric Finite Element Field Solvers
Static, Quasi-Static and Transient (time-domain)
solutions
Linear and non-linear, isotropic and anisotropic, and
laminated materials
Parametric and Optimization capabilities including
statistical, sensitivity and tuning analysis
Co-simulation with Simplorer
Direct link from RMxprt
Direct link to ePhysics
Maxwell Desktop
six
windows
Project
Manager 3D
Window modeler
Window
Properties
Window
Progress
Message Window
Window
History
Tree
Window
Powerful Geometry Utilities
¾ Geometry utilities automatically create complicated
2D/3D geometries
¾ Shape optimized for minimum count, good quality mesh,
significantly enhancing meshing success rate
General Machine Parts
Components
for most
machines
Geometry Variables Sharing
with RMxprt
Convenient
Convenientfor
forgeometry
geometry
parametric
parametricsweep
sweepand
and
optimization
optimization
Maxwell
Maxwellgeometry
geometry
automatic
automaticupdate
update
with
withvariables
variables
changed
changedininRMxprt
RMxprt
3-Tier Library Structure
System (global) level – predefined from Ansoft
User Library – to be shared among several users at a company
(can be encrypted)
Personal libraries - to be used only by single user (can be
encrypted)
Advanced Analysis Features
Distributed Analysis – for computing farm to
Options for remote or distributed analysis
capability – can solve different rows of a
parametric table on different PC’s (Tools >
Options > Analysis)
Remote Solve – to solve on a single remote
computer (must have separate license)
Optional convergence stopping criterion –
use of % change of any output parameter
(such as loss or torque) as an additional
convergence stopping criterion, but does not
impact adaptive refinement
Double Rotor Motion
Two Bands in Transient Solver
For transient motion solver, two bands with two independently moving
objects now allowed
Both rotational and translational solvers can handle this
Stator
Rotor I
Rotor II
Multiple end connected conductors
For transient solver, can have for independently connected squirrel
cage rotors
squirrel cage I
squirrel cage II
Properties
Window
Message
Window
Progress
Window
Maxwell Co-simulation with Simplorer
¾ 2D transient co-simulation: Maxwell V12 – Simplorer V8
¾ Improved performance with asynchronous time steps
¾ Next step is to support 3D: Maxwell V12.x – Simplorer V8.x
Lumped field
coupling parameters
Maxwell SIMPLORER
Equivalent circuit
coupling parameters
Dynamic Demagnetization
Source Design 2-step Target Design
process
Dynamic Demagnetization - Results
∂
∇ × ([σ a ] ∇ × T) = ( µH + H pc )
−1
∂t
∂
[k ]−1 H pc = ( µH )
∂t
H pc :
Typical Maxwell 2D/3D Results
Optimetrics
What is Optimetrics ?
¾ Optimetrics enables engineers to determine the best design variation
among a model's possible variations.
¾ Create the original model, the nominal design, and then define design
parameters that vary
¾ Optimetrics includes five unique capabilities:
1. Parametrics: Define one or more variable sweep definitions, each specifying a series of variable
values within a range. Easily view and compare the results using plot or table to determine how each
design variation affects the performance of the design.
2. Optimization: Identify the cost function and the optimization goal. Optimetrics automatically changes
the design parameter(s) to meet the goal. The cost function can be based on any solution quantity
that can be computes, such as field values, R,L,C force, torque, volume or weight.
3. Sensitivity: Determine the sensitivity of the design to small changes in variables in the vicinity of a
design point. Outputs include: Regression value at the current variable value, First derivative of the
regression, Second derivative of the regression
4. Tuning: Variable values are changed interactively and the performance of the design is monitored.
Useful after performing an optimization in which Optimetrics has determined an optimal variable
value, and you want to fine tune the value to see how the design results are affected.
5. Statistical: shows the distribution (Histogram) of a design output like force, torque or loss caused by
a statistical variation (Monte Carlo) of input variables.
Optimetrics Module (cont.)
Seamless setup
Integrated with force,
torque, matrix
Complete support of
Transient solution
Optimetrics Module (cont.)
Integrated with external circuit
Optimize on ‘voltage’
Setup variables in in Maxwell
Maxwell Circuit Editor
Optimetrics Example
Optimization of a starter-alternator pack
The pack contains a motor used also as alternator
Three-phase claw pole motor
Permanent Magnets are added between teeth
Optimization of the Geometry
Want to see the influence on the output torque
Initial Optimized
Simplorer
What is Simplorer ? Circuits
12 3.3u
3.3u
N0004
N0005
CONST
Q3D, HFSS)
I
UL := 9
LL := -9 P_PART_id id_ref
id
• Three Basic Simulation Engines: LIMIT GAIN
GS2
G(s) GAIN
yd
9 Circuits
KP := 0.76
SUM2_6
State
9 Block Diagrams Machines
9 State Machines IMP = 0 and RLine.I <= ILOW
• Statistical Analysis and Optimization SET: CS1:=1 IMP = 1 and RLine.I <= ILOW SET: CS1:=-1
• VHDL-AMS Capability
SET: CS2:=-1 SET: CS2:=-1
SET: CS3:=-1 SET: CS3:=-1
SET: CS4:=-1 SET: CS4:=-1
IMP = 1 and RLine.I >= IUP
Complete System Design
System
Subsystem
Component
Analog Digital
SIMPLORER Methodology
Electrical/Electronics Digital Control Systems
(analog and digital circuits) (state machine)
R1 R2 1k R3 1k R4
50 50
C1 C2 IMP = 0 and RLine.I <= ILOW
N0002
3.3u SET: CS1:=-1 SET: CS1:=-1
SET: CS2:=-1 SET: CS2:=1
12 3.3u SET: CS3:=-1
N0004 SET: CS3:=-1
V0 := 5 N0003 V0 := 0 SET: CS4:=-1 SET: CS4:=-1
IMP = 0 and RLine.I >= IUP
N0005
IMP = 1 IMP = 0
A XOR
XOR2_DEL2
B
SUM IGBT1 IMP = 1 and RLine.I <= ILOW
XOR IGBT2 IGBT3 SET: CS1:=1 SET: CS1:=-1
SET: CS2:=-1 SET: CS2:=-1
C SET: CS3:=-1 SET: CS3:=-1
SET: CS4:=-1 SET: CS4:=-1
AND2_DEL1 IMP = 1 and RLine.I >= IUP
AND
OR2_DEL1 C1
4.7m
AND2_DEL2 OR Carry IGBT5 IGBT6
IGBT4
AND
CONST
I
UL := 9
Transformer
Sensors
Control Electro Mechanics
Multitude of Domains
Multitude of Tools & Methods
Power Converter
Mechanics
Utility
Simulator Coupling Technology
Maxwell2D/3D SIMPLORER Simulation Data Bus Simulink
Electromagnetism
Electro mechanics Simulator Coupling Technology
C/C++
MathCad
Interface
Model Database
Electrical, Blocks, States, Machines, Automotive, Hydraulic,
Mechanics, Power, Semiconductors…
Integrated Design Environment
All three basic simulation types are on same desktop:
Circuits, Block Diagrams, State Machines
Power Library
Power Library
Power System and Cable Models Inverter Topologies Applications:
Single Phase Power Supply
Ideal Three Phase Power Supply
Two Level Inverter Equivalent Circuit
Three Phase Two Level Inverter
• AC/DC Converters
Three Phase Power Supply with Impedance
WIRE - Gamma Model
Single Phase Two Level Inverter
Three Phase Three Level Inverter
• Inverters (DC/AC)
Wire T-Model Single Phase Three Level Inverter • Drive Systems
Line-commutated Converters DC Link
B2 Diode Bridge Control Algorithms • Power Quality
B2 Fully Controlled Two Level Square Wave
B2 Half-Controlled, Symmetrical Two Level Natural Sampling • Alternative Power
B2 Half-Controlled, Asymmetrical Three Level Single Phase
B6 Diode Bridge Three Level Three Phase
B6 Thyristor Bridge
B6 Bridges - Inverse Parallel Connection
Three Level Single Phase NS
Three Level Three Phase NS
Industries:
B12 Diode Bridge Four Quadrant Current Control • Industrial Automation
B12 Thyristor Bridge Parallel Connection Four Quadrant Natural Sampling
B12 Thyristor Bridge Cascade Load Models • Drives Manufacturers
B24 Thyristor Bridge Three Phase RL Load
Single Phase A.C. Chopper Logic • EV/EHV
Three Phase A.C. Chopper Dead Time
• Power Conversion
• Power Quality
Applications: Industries:
• Drive Trains • Automotive Suppliers
• Electro-Hydraulic • Drive Manufacturers
Systems
• Industrial Automation
• Electro-Mechanical
Systems • Defense
• Load Variations • Aerospace
Simplorer to Maxwell ECE Coupling
Simplorer - Simulink Cosimulation
SIMPLORER
SIMPLORERv8
v8
EQU
KI := 29.02k
UL := 10
G(s)
GS1
LL := -10
UL := 9
LL := -9 P_Iq m_ref P_PART_n ust_in ust
Yt
LIMIT GAIN LIMIT GAIN GAIN
yq KP := 0.76 KP := 0.1161k
TR
D1 D2 +
D3 AM1
R_R A
L_R
16.6667
CONST
.1m
KI := 20 VAL2 := 1
load torque
Servo Drive System
Phase Currents Reference and Actual Speed
20 1k
15 0.75k
10 0.5k
IGBT1 IGBT2 IGBT3 5
D1 D2 D3 0.25k
ET1 R1 L1 0
0
-5
1m -0.25k
10m -10
ET2 C1 -0.5k
R2 L2 -15
4.7m -0.75k
-20
1m -25 -1k
10m 0 50m 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 t [s]
0 50m 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 t [s]
ET3 L3
R3
DC Link Voltage Reference and Actual Torque
10m 1m 0.57k C1.V [V] 40
0.56k 30
0.56k 20
D4 D5 D6
IGBT4 IGBT5 IGBT6 0.55k 10
0.55k 0
0.54k -10
0.54k -20
0.53k -30
ICA:
M_LOAD SYMPOD1 A B C
0.53k -40
TP := 0.0002
ustmax := 10. 1,3 Nm at tY Synchronous Machine 0 50m 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 t [s] 0 50m 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 t [s]
MS
permanent excitation Position
t0b := 0 QuickGraph9
8 2 * yd.VAL 1.6k
t0c := 0 R1 := 1 L1D := 9.2m yq.VAL 1.4k
LOAD := SYMPOD1.N*0.00065 + M_LOAD.VAL P := 3 L1Q := 9.2m 6
1.2k
J := 5.55m KE := 0.334 4
1k
t - t0a >= TEa t - t0b >= TEb t - t0c >= TEc 2
0.8k
P11 P21 P22 P31 P32 0
P12 0.6k
-2 0.4k
z1 := 1 z2 := 1 z2 := 0 z3 := 1 z3 := 0 -4 0.2k
z1 := 0
z5 := 0 z5 := 1 z6 := 0 -6 0
z4 := 0 z4 := 1 z6 := 1 -0.2k
-8
t0a := t t0b := t t0c := t 0 50m 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 t [s] 0 50m 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 t [s]
GS1
LL := -10 yalph:=cos(theta_el) * yd.VAL - sin(theta_el) * yq.VAL
UL := 9 ybeta:=sin(theta_el) * yd.VAL + cos(theta_el) * yq.VAL
LL := -9 P_Iq m_ref P_PART_n ust_in ust
ya:=yalph
Y t
LIMIT GAIN LIMIT GAIN GAIN yb:=-0.5 * yalph + ybeta * sqrt(3.) / 2.
yq KP := 0.76 yc:=-ya - yb
KP := 0.1161k
I_id id_ref TEa:=(ya / ustmax + 1) * TP2
I CONST TEb:=(yb / ustmax + 1) * TP2
TEc:=(yc / ustmax + 1) * TP / 2.
KI := 80
i1alph:=SYMPOD1.I1A
yd P_id GS2 id
i1beta:=(SYMPOD1.I1A + 2 * SYMPOD1.I1B) / sqrt(3.)
LIMIT GAIN G(s) GAIN i1d:=i1alph * cos(theta_el) + i1beta * sin(theta_el)
d-q-Current Controller
Generator System
QuickGraph1
Reactive power 1.70k ASM_1.N
compensation
for alpha
Thyristor Control SET: th1:=t
SET: th2:=t SET: := th3:=t
DEL: ignit22 ## tignit
60
n_soll
P
100
un_soll
P
5m
um_sollB
LIMITER
10 -10
un GRnP
P
4.67
ui_soll ui_sollB
LIMITER
7.5 -7.5
ui GRiP
P
0.168
ust ICA1
ICA :
Control loop
vsoll v_soll1 VA1_1
VA1 :
P
un_ist NEG1 GRnI GRiI
ETS US EXT 100 NEG I I
t
NE10
0.04775 350.385 45.446
ETT UT omg"MasTacho" 10 -10 10 -10
t
NE3
0.04775 0.2 NE8
TH21 TH22 TH23 omg"MasTisch" i_a"DcmpMotor"
n_ist v_ist s_ist Start
NE41 Sp
EXT P I
ERS tY
NE6
9.549 0.16667m 1
UR US UT ERS omg"MasTacho" dssi P2
P1
n6 v6 s6
NE5
EXT P I
USynR USynS USynT
9.549 0.16667m 1 NE2 NE1 NE9 NE7
omg"MasTisch"
M lTT2
J J J J J lTT1 NE4
SR2
Mechanical Elements
J := 2.1m
k_Vsc := 0.25 State Machine
V01 V02 V03
0 0
V04 V05 V06
-2.500m -2.500m
0 500.0m 812.9m T 0 500.0m 812.9m T
NE26 NE27 NE28 NE29 NE30 NE31
40.00 m_Dff 20.00m v6
m_Dff v_ist
25.00 m_Dff
m_Dff Z14 Z24 Z15 Z25 Z16 Z26
m_Dff
0 0
NE32 NE33 NE34 NE35 NE36 NE37
-20.00 -10.00m
0 500.0m 812.9m T 0 500.0m 812.9m T
NE38 NE39 NE40
W04 W05 W06
Drive System with FEA model
Includes: High Fidelity Machine FEA Model, Battery, Manufacture IGBTs, Closed-loop Current/Speed
Controls, Dynamic Mechanical Load and Digital Switching
V ROT1
ω
IGBT1 IGBT2 IGBT3 + Rotor
Im_IN T
ABC beta IN
TTheta IN
T
- +
Battery
M LOAD
LBATT A1
Im β ECE
ECE -- LINK
LINK
t Y
d-q-Current Controller
I n n
I iq yalph > 0 and ybeta >= 0
I GAIN iq I GAIN (ybeta > 0 and yalph <= 0) or (yalph < 0 and ybeta <= 0)
ybeta < 0 and yalph >= 0
SET: gam1:=ASIN(ybeta/y)
KI := 240 KI := 29.02k
UL := 10
G(s)
GS1 true
LL := -10 true SET: gam1:=pi-ASIN(ybeta/y)
UL := 10
true SET: gam1:=2*pi+ASIN(ybeta/y)
LL := -10 P Iq m ref P PART n ust in ust
Y t
LIMIT GAIN LIMIT GAIN GAIN
SET: kr:=(k-1)*PI3
SET: kl:=k*PI3
yq KP := 1.96 KP := 0.1161k
SET: k:=k+1 SET: gam1:=gam1
I id id ref
I CONST
true
KI := 240
Speed Control
kl <= gam1
yd P id GS2 id SET: gamr:=gam1-kr
kr <= gam1 and kl > gam1
SET: tr:= kA*y*Tp*sin(PI3 - gamr)
LIMIT GAIN G(s) GAIN SET: tl:=kA*y*Tp*sin(gamr)
SET: t02:=(Tp-tr-tl)/2
UL := 10 KP := 1.96
LL := -10
t-tx >= t02+tr t-tx >= t02+tr t-tx >= t02+tr t-tx >= t02+tr t-tx >= t02+tr t-tx >= t02+tr
t-tx >= t02+tr+tl t-tx >= t02+tr+tl t-tx >= t02+tr+tl t-tx >= t02+tr+tl t-tx >= t02+tr+tl t-tx >= t02+tr+tl
t-tx >= Tp
EMI Motor Drive Analysis
Includes: Busbar, Cable, IGBT Package Parasitics for EMI Application
ePhysics
What is ePhysics ?
• Coupled Thermal and Stress Analysis for electromagnetic devices
• Fully integrated with other Ansoft Desktops (Models, Materials, Mesh
etc.)
• Three Solvers:
9 Static Thermal
9 Transient Thermal
9 Static Stress
Convection &
Radiation
Boundary
Conditions
Temperature distribution
Features:
- Coupled Maxwell – ePhysics solution
- Automatic loss mapping
- Anisotropic material properties
- Adaptive time stepping
- Advanced convective – radiative BCs Temperature variation vs time
of the rotor yoke & coils
Stress Solution for Motors
Von Mises stress
Permanent magnets,
rotor with centrifugal
force volume density with
10,000 rpm spatial distribution
Embedded PM Motor
Magnified deformation due to
centrifugal and EM forces
Rotor