SYNOPSIS

ON

VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM

Bachelor of Technology
In
Electronics & Communication

2006-2007

Project Incharge : Submitted By:

MR.ANURAG SINGHAL Amit kumar arya(0312831007)
MRS. ABHA AGGARWAL Ashwani kumar(0312831016)
Brajesh kumar (0312831020)
Pawan kishore(0312831051)

Department of Electronics & Communication

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
MEERUT (U.P.)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that work which is being presented in the project

entitled VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM submitted by Mr. AMIT
KUMAR ARYA , Mr. ASHWANI KUMAR,Mr.BRAJESH KUMAR
,Mr.PAWAN KISHORE student of final year B.Tech. In ELECTRONICS &
COMMUNICATION in partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of
the degree of B.Tech in ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION is a record
of students work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision.

As per the candidates declaration this work has not been submitted
elsewhere for the award of any other degree.

Dated Signature of Project Guide

Place: Meerut Name: Mr. ANURAG SINGHAL
Designation: LECTURER

Signature of Project Incharge Signature of H.O.D

TABLE OF CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION

• PLATFORM USED

• AIM OF THE PROJECT

• BLOCK DIAGRAM

• WORKING OF THE PROJECT

• ADVANTAGES

• APPLICATION

• REFERENCE
Introduction
INTRODUCTION:

We know that in today’s world tracking is one of the important task as

cases of theft are increasing day by day. Tracking can be done by
various methods but here we are developing a vehicle tracking
system. In this system we are demonstrating three land base antennas
which are continuously receiving frequency from our vehicle.
Whenever our vehicle enters into the antennas zone the antenna track
its position and display its information on the Lcd display which tells
us about the position of the vehicle.
For achieving this we are placing a transmitter on our vehicle which
keeps on emitting frequencies. Each antenna contains a frequency
receiver which receive frequency from the vehicle all of the three base
antennas are attached with a controller which is further attached with
an LCD display when a particular antenna receive frequency from the
vehicle it sends this information to the controller which further sends
information to the LCD display and we get the information about our
vehicle position.
Platform used
 Hardware requirements:

1) Microcontroller AT89C51

2) LM7805 Regulator

3) Power Supply

4) Resistors

5) Capacitors

6) Transistors

7) Diode
8) LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
9) LEDs

10) Connectors

11) RF Transmitter
12) RF Receiver

Software requirements:

1) Assembler of ATMEL microcontroller series

2) PADS for PCB designing

AIM OF THE
PROJECT
 THE aim of this project is to design a system for tracking the vehicles
using RF transmitter and receiver.

This system is based on transmission and reception of radio frequency

signal . radio frequency is a term that refers to alternating current (AC)
having characteristics such that, if the current is input to an antenna, an
electromagnetic (EM) field is generated suitable for wireless broadcasting
and/or communications. These frequencies cover significant portion of the
electromagnetic radiation spectrum, extending from nine kilohertz (9
kHz),the lowest allocated wireless communications frequency (it's within the
range of human hearing), to thousands of gigahertz(GHz).
Block diagram
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF VEHICLE TRACKING
SYSTEM:

Power Display LCD

Supply MAIN
DECISION
UNIT
MICROCONTROLLER

BASE STATION BASE STATION BASE STATION

TOWER WITH TOWER WITH TOWER WITH
HIGH HIGH HIGH
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
RECEIVER RECEIVER RECEIVER

VEHICLE WITH HIGH

FREQUENCY
RECEIVER
CONTROL FLOW DIAGRAM:-

Start

Variable initialization
Display TRACKING

Yes SEND SIGNAL

FROM
TRACK
ING
TOWER

No
NO

Contro
ller

Receive
Data to

End
WORKING OF
THE PROJECT
Here we are using a radio frequency transmitter and receiver ,
microcontroller and LCD for the working of the vehicle tracking system.
we placed a transmitter on the vehicle which continuously transmitting
the radio frequency signal, three land base antennas which are
continuously receiving frequency from our vehicle transmitter antenna
and changing this frequency information into BCD form it forward it to
the controller ,controller will process this information through the code
loaded in it by us and display the corresponding messages on LCD .
 MICROCONTROLLER AT89C51

Features

• Compatible with MCS-51™ Products

• 8K Bytes of In-System Re programmable Flash Memory
• Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
• Three-level Program Memory Lock
• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
•Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
• Eight Interrupt Sources
• Programmable Serial Channel
• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
DESCRIPTION

The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer 8Kbytes

of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is

manufactured using Atmel ’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is

compatible with the industry standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set and pin out.

The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed

in-system or by a Conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By
combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel
AT89C52 is a powerful microcomputer that provides a highly flexible and
cost-effective solution to many embedded control application.

The AT89C52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes
of RAM, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt
architecture, a full-duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In
addition, the AT89C52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero
frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode
tops the CPU while allowing the RAM; timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt
system to continue functioning.

The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but Freezes the
oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset
.
 Pin Description

VCC
Supply voltage.

GND
Ground.

Port 0

Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can
sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as
high impedance inputs.

Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low order address/data

bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0
has internal pull-ups .
Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs
the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required
during program verification.

Port 1

Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port
1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as
inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source
current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups.

In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count
input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as shown
in the following table.

Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during

Port 2

Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port
2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as
inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source
current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order
address byte during fetches from external program memory and during
accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @
DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when
emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit
addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special
Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some
control signals during Flash programming and verification.

Port 3

Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port
3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as
inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source
current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 also serves the functions of
various special features of the AT89C51, as shown in the following table.
Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming.
RST

Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running
resets the device.

ALE/PROG

Address Latch Enable is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during
accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during
Flash programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the
oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note,
however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory. If
desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit
set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is
weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the micro controller is in
external execution mode.

PSEN

Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the
AT89C52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice
each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to
external data memory.

EA/VPP

External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the

device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at
0000H up to FFFFH.
Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally
latched on reset.
EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin
also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash
programming when 12-volt programming is selected.

XTAL1

Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.

XTAL2

Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier .

ADVANTAGES
 The advantages of our high frequency vehicle
tracking system are:

• Recovery of stolen vehicle.

• Proper positioning of cargo.

• Good system for tracking of field persons to know

whether they are on site or not.

• In government public transport they can play a major

role for increasing the efficiency.

• It can also trace if a transport vehicle is non functional

and proper arrangement can be done for solving the
inconvenience.
APPLICATION:
vehicle tracking can be used in the following scenarios:

• Stolen Vehicle Recovery: Both consumer and commercial vehicles

can be outfitted with RF or GPS units to allow police to do tracking
and recovery. In the case of LoJack, the police can activate the
tracking unit in the vehicle directly and follow tracking signals.

• Fleet Management: When managing a fleet of vehicles, knowing the

real-time location of all drivers allows management to meet customer
needs more efficiently. Whether it is delivery, service or other multi-
vehicle enterprises, drivers now only need a mobile phone with
telephony or Internet connection to be inexpensively tracked by and
dispatched efficiently.

• Asset Tracking: Companies needing to track valuable assets for

insurance or other monitoring purposes can now plot the real-time
asset location on a map and closely monitor movement and operating
status.

• Field Service Management: Companies with a field service workforce

for services such as repair or maintenance, must be able to plan field
workers’ time, schedule subsequent customer visits and be able to
operate these departments efficiently. Vehicle tracking allows
companies to quickly locate a field engineer and dispatch the closest
one to meet a new customer request or provide site arrival
information.
• Field Sales: Mobile sales professionals can access real-time locations.
For example, in unfamiliar areas, they can locate themselves as well
as customers and prospects, get driving directions and add nearby last-
minute appointments to itineraries. Benefits include increased
productivity, reduced driving time and increased time spent with
customers and prospects.

• Trailer Tracking: Haulage and Logistics companies often operate

lorries with detachable load carrying units. The part of the vehicle that
drives the load is know as the cab and the load carrying unit is known
as the trailer. There are different types of trailer used for different
applications, e.g., flat bed, refrigerated, curtain sider, box container.

• Law enforcement or surveillance: A tracker may be hidden on a

vehicle to follow the vehicle's movements without the driver's
knowledge.[1]

• Homeland Security: A tracking device can be used to monitor and

control vehicles to improve Homeland Security. This may be in the
form of tracking all vehicles in a country, or tracking specific cargoes
to ensure safe transit to their destination.
References

1. Mazedi, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Prentice

Hall, 1ST Edition

2. Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, Penram International

Publishing,1996, 2nd Edition

3. Some Websites :

 www.alldatasheets.com

 www.datasheetcatalog.com

 www.electronicscircuits.com

 www.scielectronics.com

 www.parallax.com