5W 1H

A total quality concept that consists of Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How. O
ne uses four of these Ws (who, what, where, when) and the one H to dig for detai
l, plow through emotion and dissect inference and judgment to get to the underly
ing facts and guide statements down the ladder of abstraction.
The following example shows the form of those Ws and H:
â ¢ Who: who does it, who should do it, who else can do it?
â ¢ What: what to do, what is being done, what can be done?
â ¢ Where: where to do it, where is it done, where else should it be done?
â ¢ When: when to do it, when is it done, when else should it be done?
â ¢ How: how to do it, how is it done, how should it be done, how can this method be
used elsewhere?
The last W, Why, is often being asked five times so that one can get to the real
facts of a problem.
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5 Why
When analyzing the causes of a problem, a sequence of WHYs are asked to diagnose
the possible root causes for the problem. The steps of asking are from general
to detail, step by step, keep asking why and find out the root causes of the pro
blem. By doing so, we can then identify the major causes to solve the problem.
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Flowchart
Flowchart is a symbolic tool which can be used to describe processes. The most s
imple flowchart consists of only boxes representing the activities performed and
arrows depicting the activity sequence. They show the key operations and transp
ortation of a process.
Flowchart is popular for the reason that it is quick and easy to develop and is
easily understood by others. The diagram can sometimes better than written instr
uctions for helping people to focus attention on the process in a system.
The flowchart below shows a procedure of conducting a simulation study.

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Histogram
A histogram is a statistical chart which shows dispersion of the data. It is a g
raphical representation of the class distribution of the values of a process par
ameter. Histogram shows variability by plotting information on a graph. A typica
l histogram is a bar chart, which shows the statistical distribution over equal
intervals of a certain measure.
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Hoshin Kanri (Policy Deployment)
Hoshi kanri is a system of forms and rules that encourage employees to analyze s
ituations, create plans for improvement, conduct performance checks, and take ap
propriate action. The term of "Hoshin" is the short for hoshin kanri.
The word hoshin can be broken into two parts. The literal translation of ho is "
direction." The literal translation of shin is "needle," so the word hoshin coul
d translate into "direction needle" or the English equivalent of "compass." The
word kanri can also be broken into two parts. The first part, kan, translates in
to control or channelling. The second part, ri, translates into reason or logic.
Taken altogether, hoshin kanri means management and control of the company's di
rection needle or focus.
â ¢ hoshin = a course, a policy, a plan, an aim.
â ¢ kanri = administration, management, control, charge of, care for.
The most popular English translation for Hoshin Kanri is "Policy Deployment," wh
ich was used by most books written by American authors. No matter what we call i
t, however, Hoshin Kanri is effective and helps organizations become more compet
itive