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ABSTRACT : The scarcity of energy along with high increase of fossil fuel in last several
years makes many countries in the world try to use renewable energy resources especially
biofuel. One of the most popular biofuel is ethanol that made from some crops like corn, sugar
cane, and cassava. But, the production of bioethanol from crops can brings negative impact to
the supply of food, so there will be food crisis. Therefore, invention of new source that will be
used in the biofuel production is absolutely needed. One of the potential new source that can be
used is organic waste. The using of organic waste as raw material in the bioethanol production
is a form of reduce, reuse and recycle principle implementation in waste management.
Bioethanol from organic waste processed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
(SSF) technology. Organic waste that have been hydrolyzed and saccharified to simple sugar,
immediately consume and convert to ethanol. This condition prevents the decreasing of ethanol
yield because of glucose and cellobiose formed during enzymatic hydrolysis. Mash of
fermentation was settled and distillated to get higher ethanol puerility. The bioethanol
production using organic waste brings many positive impacts such as decrease of methane
influence in ozone layer destruction and increase farmer income.
2 ATP
Glycerol Glycerol
2 NADH 1 NADH
CO2 (2 moles)
Raw materials
H3PO4 Liquefaction
Small polymer
Fermented liquid
Distillation
Ethanol (90.95%)
Dehydration
Ethanol (>99%)
Figuge 2. Process scheme for ethanol production from different organic waste.
Billion Liters
40 Fuel
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
alcohol with gasoline, the water content of
ethanol must be reduced to less than 1% by Year
volume, which is not possible by Figure 3. World ethanol production since 1976.
distillation. Higher water levels can result
in the phase separation of an alcohol/water Bioethanol made from organic waste
mixture from the gasoline phase, which has a great potential, especially in
may cause engine malfunction. The Indonesia. High population increase
removal of the water beyond the last 5% is becomes one of the most important factor
called “dehydration” or “drying” of that can support the production of organic
ethanol. Azeotropic distillation was waste bioethanol in Indonesia. Increasing in
previously employed to produce higher- the number of population usually followed
purity ethanol by adding a third component, by waste production increase include
such as benzene, cyclohexane or ether, to organic waste. Based on statistical data
break the azeotrope and produce dry published in 2000, from 384 city that
ethanol [3] produce more than 80,325.7 ton waste
everyday, only 4,2 % that carried away and
dumped in Final Dumping Area, 37,6 % are
3. THE CHANCE OF WASTE burnt, and 4,9 % dumped in the river, and
ORGANIC BIOETHANOL 53,3 % aren’t managed. Those show that
PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA waste management become a big matter in
Indonesia, whereas this problem can be
The total world ethanol production in reduced by implementing reduce, reuse,
2006 was 49.8 billion liters (39 million and recycle principle in the management.
tons), where 77% of this production was One of the most effective ways that
used as fuel, 8% as beverage and 15% in reflecting implementation of reduce, reuse,
industrial applications [4]. Since 1975, the and recycle principle in waste management
market for potable ethanol did not is using organic waste as raw material in
experience a major growth, while the biofuel production process. The position of
market for industrial ethanol increased by Indonesia as agricultural country also
about 75%. However, the fuel market for supports the availability of organic waste.
ethanol has increased aggressively from Therefore, the sustainability of raw material
less than one billion liters in 1975 to more which needed in bioethanol production
than 38 billion liters in 2006 (Figure. 3). process is guaranteed.
This show us that the necessary of ethanol
of the world is very high.
4. THE GOODNESS OF ORGANIC
WASTE BIOETHANOL
PRODUCTION
5. CONCLUSION