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APPLIED and THEORETICAL MECHANICS SANJEEV SHARMA, MANOJ SAHNI

Creep Analysis of Thin Rotating Disc under Plane Stress with no

Edge load

SANJEEV SHARMA, MANOJ SAHNI

Department of Mathematics
Jaypee Institute of Information Technology University
A-10, Sector 62, Noida-201307, UP
INDIA
E-mail: sanjeev.sharma@jiit.ac.in, manoj.sahni@jiit.ac.in

Abstract: - Creep stresses and strain rates for a transversely isotropic and isotropic materials have been obtained for
a thin rotating disc using Seth’s transition theory. Results obtained have been discussed numerically and depicted
graphically. It is seen that a disc made of transversely isotropic material rotating with higher angular speed
increases the possibility of fracture at the bore as compared to a disc made of isotropic material and possibility of
fracture further decreases with the increase in measure N. The deformation is significant for transversely isotropic
disc for the measure N =7.

Key words: Creep, Transition, Stresses, Strain Rates, Transversely Isotropic and Rotating Disc.

Nomenclature of Symbols: research in this field. The analytical procedures

a and b : Internal and external radii of disc presently available are restricted to problems with
D : a constant simplest configurations. The use of rotating disk in
R : Radial distance machinery and structural applications has generated
x, y , z : Cartesian co-ordinates considerable interest in many problems in domain of
solid mechanics. Solutions for thin isotropic disks can
u, v, w : Displacement components
be found in most of standard creep text books [1-4].
r ,θ , z : Polar co-ordinates
Han [5] has investigated elastic and plastic stresses for
eij and Tij : Strain and stress tensor isotropic materials with variable thickness. Wang [6]
eii : First strain invariant has investigated deformation of elastic half rings.
Enescu[7] give some numerical methods for
β : Function of r only determining stresses in rolling bearings while
P : Function of β only Mahri[8] calculated the stresses by using finite
C ij : Material constants element method for wind turbine rotors. Wahl [9] has
investigated creep deformation in rotating disks
λ and μ : Lame’s constants assuming small deformation, incompressibility
R = (r / b), R 0 = ( a / b) condition, Tresca’s yield criterion, its associated flow
rule and a power strain law. Transition theory [10-11]
σ r = Trr / C 66 - Radial stress components does not require any assumptions like a yield
σ θ = Tθθ / C 66 -Circumferential stress components criterion, incompressibility condition and thus poses
and solves a more general problem from which cases
pertaining to above assumption can be worked out.
Transition theory uses the concept of generalized
1. Introduction principal strain measure which simplifies the
This paper is concerned with the analysis of a constitutive equations by prescribing a priori the order
transversely isotropic thin rotating disk. There are of the measure of deformation and helps to achieve
many applications of such type of rotating disks, such better agreement between the theoretical and
as in turbines, rotors and with the advent of experimental results. It has been shown that for the
computers, disk drives. Naturally, with all these uni-axial case a generalized measure, which includes
applications and interest, there has been much all the known measures of Cauchy, Green, Almansi,

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APPLIED and THEORETICAL MECHANICS SANJEEV SHARMA, MANOJ SAHNI

Hencky and others, is given by [12]. The generalized Tzz = C13 err + C13 eθθ + C33 e zz = 0
principal strain measure [12] is defined as
C C
eiiA
e zz = − 13 err − 13 eθθ
∫ [1 − 2e ]
1⎡ ⎤
( )
n n
A 2 −1
eii = deiiA = 1 − 1 − 2eiiA (1) C 33 C 33
n ⎢⎣ ⎥
2
ii
⎦
0
Tzr = Tθz = Trθ = 0 (5)
where n is the measure and eijA is the principal
where C ij are material constants.
Almansi finite strain components [13]. This theory is
Using equation (4) in equation (5) we have
applied to a large number of elastic-plastic and creep
A 2C
problems [14-20]. In this paper an attempt has been Trr = [2 − β n (1 + (1 + P) n )] − 66 (1 − β n )
made to study the behaviour of transversely isotropic n n
thin rotating disc using transition theory [10-11].
Tθθ =
A
n
2C
[
[ 2 − β n (1 + (1 + P ) n )] − 66 1 − β n (1 + P ) n
n
]
Trθ = Tθz = Tzr = Tzz = 0 (6)
( )
2. Governing Equations
We consider a thin disc of constant density made of where A = C11 − C132 / C 33 .
transversely isotropic material with internal and The equations of equilibrium are all satisfied except
external radii ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively. The disc is d
rotating with angular velocity ‘ ω ’ about an axis (rTrr ) − Tθθ + ρω 2 r 2 = 0 (7)
dr
perpendicular to its plane and passing through the where ρ is the density of the material.
centre of the disc. The disc is thin and is effectively in
a state of plane stress. Using equation (6) in equation (7), we get a non-linear
The displacement components in cylindrical polar co- differential equation in β as,
ordinates are given [13] by, ⎡ ⎧ 2C66 ⎫⎤
u = r (1 − β ), v = 0, w = dz , (2) ⎢ ⎪ nA (1+ nP − ⎪⎥
⎢ ρω 2 r 2 ⎪⎪ ⎪⎪⎥ dβ
where β is a function of r = x 2 + y 2 only and β n+1 P(1+ P) n−1 = ⎢ + β n ⎨(1+ P) n ) ⎬⎥
⎢ A n ⎪⎥
⎪ P dP
d is a constant. ⎢ ⎪ − (1 + (1 + P) ) ⎪ ⎥
The finite components of strain [13] are ⎢⎣ ⎪⎩ ⎪⎭⎥⎦
1
errA = [1 − (rβ ′ + β ) 2 ], (8)
2 where rβ = β P .
'

1
eθθA = [1 − β 2 ], The transition points of β in equation (8)
2 (3) are P → −1 and P → ± ∞ .
1 The boundary conditions are
e zzA = [1 − (1 − d ) 2 ],
2 Trr = 0 at r = a and r = b (9)
erθ = eθAz = e zrA = 0
A

where β ′ = dβ / dr
Substituting (3) in (1), the generalized components of
3. Solution through Principal Stress
strain are Difference
1 1 It has been shown that the asymptotic solution through
e rr = [1 − ( r β ′ + β ) n ] , eθθ = [1 − β n ] the principal stress difference [13-14, 16, 18-19] at the
n n
transition point P → −1 leads to creep state. The
1
e zz = [1 − (1 − d ) ], e rθ = eθz = e zr = 0
n
(4) transition function R is defined as
n
2C
The stress-strain relations for transversely isotropic R = Trr − Tθθ = β n 66 [1 − ( P + 1) n ] (10)
material are n
Trr = C11err + (C11 − 2C 66 )eθθ + C13 e zz Taking logarithmic differentiation of above equation,
we have
Tθθ = (C11 − 2C 66 )err + C11eθθ + C13 e zz

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ρω 2
⎡ β n P − Pβ n ( P + 1) n ⎤
2C66 ⎢ ⎥
(a 2
−b2 )
d
(log R ) = dP ⎥ (11) Tθθ = Trr − b 2 r g exp( f ) (16)
dr Rr ⎢− Pβ n +1 ( P + 1) n −1 g −1
∫ r exp( f ) dr
⎢⎣ dβ ⎥⎦ a

Substituting the value of dP / dβ from equation (8) Now we introduce the following non-dimensional
in equation (11) and taking asymptotic quantities
value P → −1 , we get r a ρω 2 b 2 T
R= , R0 = , Ω =
2
, σ r = rr ,
(log R ) = 1 ⎢− 2n − nρr ωn + C 2 (n − 1)⎥ (12)
d ⎡ 2 2
⎤ b b C 66 C 66
dr r⎣ Aβ ⎦
T
σ θ = θθ
where C 2 = 2C 66 A C 66
Using these in equations (14) and (15), we get
Asymptotic value of β as P → −1 is D / r , D being
Ω 2 (R02 − 1) 1 g −1 Ω 2 (1 − R 2 )
a constant.
Integrating with respect to r, we have
σr = 1 ∫ R exp f 1 dR +
2
2 ∫ R g −1 exp f1 dR R
R = A1 r g exp( f ) (13) R0

where A1 is a constant of integration and (17)

nρω r 2 n+2
σθ = σ r −
(
Ω R − 1 R exp f1
2 2
0 )( g
)
f =− ; g = −2n + C 2 ( n − 1) 1
(18)
AD n (n + 2) 2 ∫ R g −1 exp f1 dR
R0
Substituting equation (13) in equation (7), we get
n
ρr 2 ω 2 ⎛b⎞
Trr = A2 − A1 ∫ r g −1
exp( f ) dr − (14) nΩ 2 ⎜ ⎟ R n + 2
2 where f1 = − ⎝D⎠
where A2 is constant of integration. C ⎛ C132 ⎞
(n + 2) 11 ⎜⎜1 − ⎟
Using boundary conditions (9) in equation (14), we C 66 ⎝ C11C 33 ⎟⎠
get
For an isotropic material, equation (17) and (18)
ρw 2
(a 2
−b 2
) becomes
A1 = 2 Ω 2 (R02 − 1) 1
Ω 2 (1 − R 2 )
σr = 1 ∫
g1 −1
b
g −1
R exp f 2 dR +
∫r exp( f ) dr
2 ∫ R g1 −1 exp f 2 dR R
2
r =a
R0
⎧ g −1 ⎫
⎨ ∫ r exp( f ) dr ⎬ (19)
A2 =
ρω 2 2 2 ⎩r = b
(a − b ) b ⎭ + ρb ω
2 2

σθ = σ r −
2
(
Ω R − 1 R exp f 22
0 )( g1
) (20)
2 ⎧ g −1 ⎫ 2 1
⎨ ∫ r exp( f ) dr ⎬ 2 ∫ R g1 −1 exp f 2 dR
⎩r = a ⎭ R0

Substituting values of A1 and A2 in equation (14), we where g1 = −2n +

(n(3 − 2C ) + 1)
get (2 − C )
ρω 2 2 2 nΩ 2 b n R n + 2
(a − b ) ⎧ b ⎫ f2 = −
Trr = b 2 ⎨∫ r exp( f ) dr ⎬
g −1
2(2 − C )(n + 2)D n
⎧ g −1 ⎫ ⎩r ⎭
⎨∫ r exp( f ) dr ⎬ (15) For a disc made of incompressible material, i.e. (C
⎩a ⎭ → 0), the stresses given by equations (19) and (20),
ρω 2 2
(b − r )
2 we get
+
2
From equation (15) and equation (10), we get

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APPLIED and THEORETICAL MECHANICS SANJEEV SHARMA, MANOJ SAHNI

(
Ω 2 R02 − 1) 1
(
Ω2 1− R2 ) ε& rr = χ ⎨
⎧ ασ θ − γσ ⎫ (28)
σr = ∫ R 2 exp f 3 dR +
g −1 r
⎬
1
2 ⎩ η ⎭
2 ∫ R g 2 −1 exp f 3 dR R
⎧ ασ − γσ ⎫
ε& θθ = χ⎨ θ
R0
⎬
r
(29)
(21) ⎩ η ⎭
σθ = σ r −
( )(
Ω 2 R02 − 1 R g 2 exp f 3 ) (22) ⎧σ + γσ ⎫ (30)
θ
1
g 2 −1 ε& zz = χα ⎨ r
⎬
2∫R exp f 3 dR ⎩ η ⎭
R0
1
−1
(3n + 1) ,
2
nΩ b R n+ 2 ⎡n ⎤n C13
)⎥ , γ = 1 −
2 n
where g 2 =− f3 = − where χ = ⎢ (σ r − σ θ
2 4(n + 2)D n ⎣2 ⎦ C11C 33
These equations are same as obtained by Gupta et.al ⎛ C132 C66 ⎞ ⎛ C66 C132 ⎞
⎜
α = ⎜1 − −2 ⎟
⎟ , η = 4⎜ C − 1 + C C ⎟⎟
⎜
[16].
⎝ C C
11 33 C11 ⎠ ⎝ 11 11 33 ⎠
For isotropic material, equations (28), (29) and (30)
becomes
4. Strain Rates χ ⎛ 2 − C ⎞⎡ ⎛ 1− C ⎞ ⎤
The stress-strain relation can be written as, ε& = ⎜ ⎟ ⎢σ r − ⎜ ⎟σ θ ⎥ (31)
rr 2 ⎝ 3 − 2C ⎠ ⎣
⎝ 2−C ⎠ ⎦
⎛ A − 2C 66 ⎞ 2( A − C 66 )
eij = ⎜ ⎟δ ij Θ − Tij (23) χ ⎛ 2 − C ⎞⎡ ⎛ 1− C ⎞ ⎤
⎝ ⎠ ε& = ⎜ σ − σ
θθ 2 ⎝ 3 − 2C ⎟⎠ ⎢⎣ θ ⎜⎝ 2 − C ⎟⎠ r ⎥⎦
H H (32)
Θ = T11 + T22 + T33 , H = 4C 66 (C 66 − A),
χ ⎛ 2 − C ⎞ ⎡⎛ 1− C ⎞ ⎤
where C132 ε& = − ⎜ ⎟ ⎢⎜ ⎟ (σ r +σ θ )⎥ (33)
A = C11 − zz 2 ⎝ 3 − 2C ⎠ ⎣⎝ 2 − C ⎠ ⎦
C 33
These equations are same as obtained by Odquist [2]
When the creep sets in, strain should be replaced by provided we put n = 1 / N ,
strain rates. The stress-strain relation (23) becomes
For incompressible materials, i.e. C → 0 , equations
⎛ A − 2 C 66 ⎞ 2 ( A − C 66 )
e& ij = ⎜ ⎟δ ij Θ − T ij (24) (31), (32), (33) becomes
⎝ H ⎠ H
χ⎡ σ ⎤
where e&ij is the strain rate tensor with respect to flow ε&rr = ⎢σ r − θ ⎥ (34)
parameter t. 3 2 ⎣ ⎦
Differentiating second equation of (4) with respect to
χ⎡ σ ⎤
t, we get ε&θθ = ⎢σ θ − r ⎥ (35)
e&θθ = − β n −1 β& (25) 3 2 ⎣ ⎦
For Swainger measure (n=1), we have from equation
χ
(25) ε& zz = [σ θ +σ r ] (36)
ε& = − β& (26) 6
θθ
From equation (10), the transitional value of β is,
1
⎡ n ⎤n (27) Numerical Illustration and Discussion
β = ⎢ ( T rr − T θθ )⎥
⎣ 2 C 66 ⎦ For calculating the stresses and strain rate distribution
Using (25), (26) and (27) in equation (24), we get based on the above analysis, the following values of
measure n and angular velocity Ω 2 have been taken
as:
Ω 2 = 0.1,1, 5,10
n = 1,1 3 and 1 7 (i.e. N = 1, 3 and 7)

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Elastic constants C ij for transversely isotropic
material (Magnesium) and isotropic material (Brass)
have been given in table 1.
Table 1: Elastic Constants C ij (in terms
of 1010 N / m 2 )
C 44 C11 C12 C13 C 33
TIM 1.64 5.97 2.62 2.17 6.17
(Mg)
IM 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 3.0
(Brass)
Curves have been drawn in figures 1 – 4 between
stresses and radii ratio R= r/b for a disc rotating with
different angular speed Ω 2 and for measure N = 3, 5
and 7.
For a disc made of transversely isotropic
material rotating with angular speed Ω 2 = 0.1,
circumferential stress is maximum at the internal
surface for measure n = 1/3 (N = 3) as compared to
disc made of isotropic material and this value of
circumferential stress decreases at the internal surface
with increase in measure (i.e., N = 5, 7). The
circumferential stress increases at internal surface
with increase in angular velocity ( Ω 2 = 1, 5, 10). It
means that a disc made of transversely isotropic
material rotating with higher angular speed increases
the possibility of fracture at the bore as compared to a
disc made of isotropic material. Possibility of fracture
decreases with the increase in measure N. It can be
concluded that a rotating disc made of isotropic
material for measure N = 7 is on the safer side of the
design in comparison to a disc made of transversely
isotropic material.
In figures 5–8, curves have been drawn
between strain rates and radii ratio (R = r/b) at angular
speed Ω 2 and measure N = 3, 5, 7. It has been
observed that a transversely isotropic disc experiences
a significant deformation for the measure N = 7 as
compared to a rotating disc made of isotropic
material.
Acknowledgment: The author wishes to
acknowledge there sincere thanks to Prof. S.K. Gupta
for his encouragement during the preparation of this
paper.
ISSN: 1991-8747
SANJEEV SHARMA, MANOJ SAHNI
References
[1]. H. Kraus, Creep Analysis, Wiley, New York,
1980.
[2]. F.K.G. Odqvist, Mathematical theory of creep
and creep structure, Claredon Press, Oxford,
1974.
[3]. F.R.N. Nabarro, H.L.de.Villers, Physics of
creep, Taylor & Francis, PA, 1995.
[4]. H. Altenbach, J.J. Skrzypek, Creep and
Damage in Materials and Structures, Springer
Verlag, Berlin, 1999.
[5]. R.P.S. Han, Kai-Yuan Yeh, Analysis of High-
Speed Rotating Disks with Variable
Thickness and Inhomogenity, Transactions of
the ASME, 61, 1994, pp. 186-191.
[6] Xiu’e Wang, Xianjun Yin, On Large
Deformations of Elastic Half Rings, WSEAS
Transactions on Applied and Theoretical
Mechanics, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2007,
pp. 24.
[7] Ioan Enescu, Dan Lepadatescu, Horatiu
Teodorescu, Numerical Methods for
Determination the Elastic Stresses in Rolling
Bearings, WSEAS Transactions on Applied
and Theoretical Mechanics, Volume 1, Issue
1, November 2006, pp. 121-124.
[8] Z.I. Mahri,, M.S. Rouabah, Calculation of
Dynamic Stresses using Finite Element
Method and Prediction of Fatigue Failure for
Wind Turbine Rotor, WSEAS Transactions on
Applied and Theoretical Mechanics, Volume
3, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 28-41.
[9]. A.M. Wahl, Analysis of creep in rotating
discs based on tresea criterion and associated
flow rule, Jr. Appl. Mech., 23, 1956, pp. 103.
[10]. B.R. Seth, Creep Transition, Jr. Math. Phys.
Sci., 6, 1972, pp. 73-81.
[11]. B.R. Seth, Transition theory of Elastic-Plastic
Deformation, Creep and Relaxation, Nature,
195, 1962, pp. 896-897.
[12]. B.R. Seth, Measure concept in mechanics,
Inter. Jr. Non-linear Mechanics, 1, 1966, pp.
35-40.
[13]. B.R. Seth, Transition Analysis of Collapse of
Thick Cylinders, ZAMM,, 1970, pp. 617-621.
[14]. S.K. Gupta, S. Sharma, S. Pathak, Creep
transition in a thin rotating disc of variable
density, Def. Sci. J., 50(2), 2000, pp. 1-7.
[15]. S. Sharma, Elastic-plastic Transition of Non-
Homogeneous Thick walled Circular Cylinder
729 Issue 7, Volume 3, July 2008
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APPLIED and THEORETICAL MECHANICS SANJEEV SHARMA, MANOJ SAHNI

under internal Pressure, Def. Sc. Journal, Vol.

54(2), 2004, pp. 135-141.
[16]. S.K. Gupta, Pankaj, Creep Transition in a
Thin Rotating Disc with rigid inclusion, Def.
Sc. Journal, 57(2), 2007, pp. 185-195.
[17]. S.K. Gupta, Pankaj, Thermo Elastic-plastic
transition in a Thin Rotating Disc with rigid
inclusion, Thermal Science Scientific Journal,
2007, pp. 103-118.
[18]. S.K.Gupta, R.L.Dharmani, V.D. Rana, Creep
Transition in Torsion, Int. Jr. Non-linear
Mechanics, Vol. 13, 1979, pp. 303-309.
[19]. S.K. Gupta, R.L. Dharmani, Creep Transition
in thick-walled cylinder under internal
pressure, ZAMM, Vol. 59, 1979, pp. 517-521.
[20] Sanjeev Sharma, Creep Transition in Non-
homogeneous thick-walled rotating cylinder ,
Accepted for Publication in Def. Sci. Journal..

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Figure 1: Creep Stresses in a Thin Rotating Disc along the Radius R for Angular Speed Ω = 0.1
2

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Figure 2: Creep Stresses in a Thin Rotating Disc along the Radius R for Angular Speed Ω = 1
2

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Figure 3: Creep Stresses in a Thin Rotating Disc along the Radius R for Angular Speed Ω2 = 5

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Figure 4: Creep Stresses in a Thin Rotating Disc along the Radius R for Angular Speed Ω 2 = 10
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Figure 5: Strain Rates in a Thin Rotating Disc along the Radius R for Angular Speed Ω = 0.1
2

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Figure 6: Strain Rates in a Thin Rotating Disc along the Radius R for Angular Speed Ω = 1
2

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Figure 7: Strain Rates in a Thin Rotating Disc along the Radius R for Angular Speed Ω2 = 5

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Figure 8: Strain Rates in a Thin Rotating Disc along the Radius R for Angular Speed Ω2 = 10
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