P age |1

Statistical Analysis of
Financial Statements
 Statistical Analysis of Financial
Statements

Business Statistics-1: B 106

SUBMITTED TO: MR. Md. Emdadul Islam

Lecturer

Department of Banking

University of Dhaka.

SUBMITTED BY: Md. Mezbaul Haider (16-030)

Md. Mashroor Ali (16-031)

Nazim Reza (16-011)

Tauhidul Islam (16-071)

Rafsan Mahtab (16-087)

Rezaur Rahman (16-040)

Nahid Bulbul (16-078)

16th BATCH

Department of Banking

University of Dhaka.

DATE OF SUBMISSION:22T H November, 2010

 Acknowledgement

To begin with, We would like to express our infinite gratitude towards Almighty Allah and our course
teacher Mr. Emdadul Islam, Lecturer, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, to provide not
only extremely well arranged guidelines to complete our report work but would also help us to confront
problems in our future career.

We would like to express our heartiest appreciation to our all classmates, who have been a constant
support to us and have patiently helped us throughout our report. We wish to extend our thanks to the
computer lab assistant and all the peers of the Department who made it possible to work comfortably
even in tough times.
 Executive Summary

Statistics involves analysis. As we are assigned to prepare a statistical analysis report for course
no B-106(Business Statistics-1) based on two companies’ financial statements of five years, we
have selected Singer Bangladesh Ltd. and PRAN AMCL for this purpose. We have done
statistical analysis on their profits, assets, liabilities, equities, return on assets, return on equity
and staffs. We have used bar diagram and Histogram to present these topics comparatively.
Besides, we have also calculated mean, median, mode, standard deviation, co-efficient of
variation and skewness using these data of the two companies.
 Contents
Chapter Topic Page

1 Companies’ profile 1

2 Profit Analysis 1

3 Number of Staff analysis 1

4 Current asset analysis 1

5 Long term asset analysis 1

6 Current liabilities Analysis 1

7 Long term liabilities Analysis 2

8 Return of asset Analysis 2

9 Equity Analysis 2

10 Return on Equity 2

11 Conclusion 3

12 References 3
Date: November 22, 2010

Mr. Md. Emdadul Islam

Course Instructor
Business Statistics-I
Department of Banking
Faculty of business studies
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Dear Sir,
It gives us pleasure to submit the report on “Statistical Analysis of Financial Statements” on the basis
of the two companies: Singer BangladeshLtd. and PRAN AMCL as you authorized us to prepare by
November 22, 2010.

It was a fantastic opportunity for us to prepare the report under your guidance, which really was a great
experience for us. We have collected the information from their annual reports, websites and text
books.

We have worked hard and tried our best to prepare the report. We will be very pleased to provide
further information if necessary.

Sincerely,

Md. Mezbaul Haider (16-030)……………………………..

Md. Mashrur Ali (16-031) ……………………………….

Nazim Reza (16-011) ………………………………..

Tauhidul Islam (16-071) ………………………………

Rafsan Mahtab (16-087) ……………………………...

Rezaur Rahman (16-040) ……………………………….

Nahid Bulbul (16-078) …………………………………

 Companies’ Profile:
Pran:
AMCL (Agriculture Marketing Co. Ltd) markets its product under the brand name PRAN that
stands for Programme for Rural Advancement Nationally. AMCL is the sister concern of RFL
Group, an Australian based company and a leading plastic product manufacturer in
Bangladesh.

PRAN is the pioneer in Bangladesh to be involved in contract farming and procures raw
material directly from the farmers and processes through state of the art machinery at their
several factories into packed food and drinks products.

At a glance:

1980:
Foundation of RFL Group in Australia.
1985:
Incorporation of the AMCL Group in Bangladesh, as private Ltd co. under the
companies Act 1913
1985:
Inception of PRAN foods and beverage as the Brand name of AMCL in Bangladesh
1993:
AMCL converted into public limited co. The shares were listed in Dhaka and
Chittagong stock exchanges.
1995:
Production of orange juice and in June & initiation of the widely popular PRAN
Mango Juice.
2003: Launched first local carbonated soft drink, PRAN Cola

Singer:

Singer as a company began its journey in 1851. When inventor of sewing machine. Isaac Merritt
Singer began to manufacture and market a machine to automate and assist in the making of
clothing.Singer is now engaged in Retail business which consists primarily of distribution through
company owned retail stores and direct selling of a wide variety of consumer durable products for the
homes primarily in Asia Pacific Rim, Latin America and the Caribbean. Retail sales activities in these
markets are strengthened by the offer of consumer credit service (hire purchase) provided by the
Company to its customers. In some of the markets where it operates Singer is recognized as a leading
retailer of consumer electronics and home appliances.
At a glance:

1850
Isaac Singer invested $40 and invented sewing, a needle that goes up and down.
1851
The I.M. Singer & Co. manufacturers opened their factory in Boston and began
fabricating machines for mass consumption.
1854
Isaac Singer renamed the company Singer Manufacturing Company and moved his
offices and production facilities to New York City.
1855
The Singer Sewing Machine debuted at a trade exposition in Paris, France, and was
awarded a prize for design innovation.
1856
Initiation of hire purchase plan.
1880
The company began offering an electric motor-driven model
1889
The first electric machine was introduced

1979
Entry in the Bangladeshi market through the establishment of the Singer Sewing with
a view to 'spread the knowledge of cutting, stitching and embroidery'

20th Century
In the 20th century, Singer Se wing Machine engaged in a project to teach sewing
skills to women in developing countries.

For over 140 years, Singer remained a privately held company until 1991, when it
became a publicly traded company by offering over 16 million shares. Currently, Singer
has sewing machine manufacturing facilities all over the world, including India,
Scotland, Tennessee and Illinois.
 Profit:
Data Table:
Year Profit of Singer Profit of Pran (X-𝑋)² (Y-𝑌)²
(n) (X) (Y)
2005 109233781 28225684 5.13603E+15 1.51598E+13

2006 116647633 27119354 4.12835E+15 2.49989E+13

2007 101819928 29331413 6.25364E+15 7.77199E+12

2008 180007172 35949958 7.96958E+11 1.46744E+13

2009 396790969 39969803 4.6609E+16 6.16313E+13

∑n=5 ∑X=904499483 ∑Y=160596212 ∑(X-𝑋)²= ∑(Y-𝑌)²=

6.21278E+16 1.24236E+14

Bar Diagram:

45000000

40000000

35000000

30000000

25000000
Singer
20000000
Pran
15000000

10000000

50000000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Figure: 1.1 bar d iagram of profit

Histogram:

Histogram of Profit of Singer

3.0

2.5

2.0
Frequency

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
100000000 150000000 200000000 250000000 300000000 350000000 400000000
Profit of Singer

Figure: 1.2 Histogram of profit of Singer

Histogram of Profit of Pran

2.0

1.5
Frequency

1.0

0.5

0.0
28000000 30000000 32000000 34000000 36000000 38000000 40000000
Profit of Pran

Figure: 1.3 Histogram of profit of Pran

Mean:

For Singer: = (∑X/n)

= (904499483/5) = 180899897

For Pran: = (∑Y/n)

= (160596212/5)

= 32119242

Median

For Singer: data values in ascending order:

101819928,109233781, 116647633, 180007172, 396790969

𝒏+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐

= ((5+1)/2)th value

= 3 rd value

=116647633

For Pran: data values in ascending order:

27119354, 28225684, 29331413, 35949958, 39969803

𝒏+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐

= ((5+1)/2)th value

= 3 rd value

= 29331413

Mode:

For Singer: No modal

For Pran: No Modal

Standard Deviation:

(X−𝑋)² 6.21278 E+16

For Singer: SD = = = 124627223.2
𝑛 −1 5−1
 (Y−𝑌)² 1.24236 E+14
For Pran: SD = = = 5573068.22
𝑛−1 5−1

Coefficient of Variation:

𝑺𝑫 124627223 .2
For Singer = × 100 = × 100 = 68.893%
𝑿 180899897

𝑺𝑫 5573068 .22
For Pran = × 100 = × 100= 17.352%
𝒀 32119242

In case of profit Pran is far better than Singer as it has a consistency in profits of the five years
time.

Skewness:

3(X− Median ) 3(180899897 −116647633 )

For Singer: = = 1.92320
SD 124627223 .2

3(Y− Median ) 3(32119242 −29331413 )

For Pran: = = 0.80488
SD 5573068 .22

Evaluation of data:

Over all Singer has better record of profit earning than Pran but Singer does not have as much
consistency as Pran.
 Number of Staff Analysis
Data Table:
Year Singer Pran (X-𝑋)² (Y-𝑌)²
(X) (Y)
2005 1268 956 11067.04 24837.76

2006 1386 902 163.84 10732.96

2007 1322 834 2621.44 1267.36

2008 1419 621 2097.64 31470.76

2009 1471 679 9564.84 14256.36

Total ∑X=6866 ∑Y=3992 ∑(X-𝑋)²=25514.8 ∑(Y-𝑌)²=82565.2

Bar Diagram:

1600

1400

1200

1000

800 Singer
Pran
600

400

200

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Histogram:

For Singer:

Histogram of Number of Staff of Singer

2.0

1.5
Frequency

1.0

0.5

0.0
1250 1300 1350 1400 1450
Number of Staff of Singer

For Pran:

Histogram of Number of Staff of Pran

1.0

0.8
Frequency

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
600 700 800 900 1000
Number of Staff of Pran
Mean:
∑X 6866
For Singer: 𝑿 = = = 1373.2
𝑛 5

∑Y 3992
For Pran: 𝒀 = = = 798.4
𝑛 5

Median:
For Singer: data values are in ascending order:

1268, 1322, 1386, 1419, 1471

𝐧+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐

𝟓+𝟏
= th value
𝟐
rd
=3 value

=1386

For Pran: data values are in ascending order:

621, 679, 834, 902, 956

𝐧+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐

𝟓+𝟏
= th value
𝟐
rd
=3 value

=834

Mode:

For Singer: No Modal

For Pran: No Modal
Standard Deviation:

∑(𝐗−𝑿)² 𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟏𝟒.𝟖
For Singer: SD = = = 79.86676405
𝒏−𝟏 𝟓−𝟏

∑(𝐘−𝒀)² 𝟖𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟓.𝟐
For Pran: SD = = = 10.16923432
𝒏−𝟏 𝟓−𝟏

Coefficient of Variation:

𝑆𝐷 𝟕𝟗.𝟖𝟔𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟓
For Singer: CV = × 100 = × 100 =5.816%
𝑋 𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟑.𝟐

𝑺𝑫 𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟔𝟗𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟐
For Pran: CV = × 100 = × 100 = 0.113%
𝒀 𝟕𝟗𝟖.𝟒

In case of number of staff, Pran has better consistency in the five year than that of Singer

Skewness:

3(X− Median ) 3(1373 .2−1386 )

For Singer: = = -0.21662
SD 79.86676405

3(Y− Median ) 3(798.4−834)

For Pran: = = -0.31102
SD 𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟔𝟗𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟐

Evaluation:
Over all Singer has more staff than Pran but Pran has much consistency than Singer in the
number of staff.
 Current assets Analysis
Data Table:
Year Singer Pran (𝑋 − 𝑋)² (𝑌 − 𝑌)²
(n) (X) (Y)

2005 1314926287 675486964

8.97866E+16 3.97983E+12
2006 1364282367 673783245
6.26441E+16 84816310810
2007 1873806868 676467480
6.72035E+16 8.85341E+12
2008 2131239364 673260852
2.66947E+17 53435222992
2009 1388597492 668461522
5.10638E+16 2.53058E+13
n=5 2
∑X= ∑Y= ∑ 𝑋 −𝑋 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌)²=
8072852378 3367460063 5.37645E+17 3.82773E+13

Bar Diagram:

2.5E+09

2E+09

1.5E+09

Singer
Pran
1E+09

50000000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Histogram:
For Singer:

Histogram of Current asset of Singer

3.0

2.5

2.0
Frequency

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
1400000000 1600000000 1800000000 2000000000 2200000000
Current asset of Singer

For Pran:

Histogram of Current asset of Pran

2.0

1.5
Frequency

1.0

0.5

0.0
668000000 670000000 672000000 674000000 676000000
Current asset of Pran
Mean:

For Singer : 𝑋 = (∑X/n)

= (8072852378/5)

=1614570475.6

For Pran: 𝑌 = (∑Y/n)

= (3367460063/5)

= 673492012.6

Median:
For Singer: Data values are in ascending order:

1314926287, 1364282367, 1388597492, 1873806868, 2131239364

𝒏+𝟏
Median: th value
𝟐

= ((5+1)/2)th value
= 3rd value
=1388597492

For Pran: Data values are in ascending order:

675486964, 668461522, 673260852, 673783245, 676467480

𝒏+𝟏
Median: th value
𝟐

= ((5+1)/2)th value
= 3rd value
=673260852

Mode:
For Singer: No modal

For Pran: No Modal

Standard Deviation:

∑(X−𝑋)² 5.37645E +17

For Singer: SD = = =366621399
𝑛 −1 5−1

∑(𝑌−𝑌)² 3.82773E+13
For Pran: SD =
𝑛−1
=
5−1
= 3093432.559

Coefficient of Variation:

𝑆𝐷 366621399
For Singer: = × 100 = × 100 =22.707%
𝑋 1614570475.6

𝑆𝐷 3093432 .559
For Pran: =
𝑋
× 100 = × 100 = 0.459%
673492012 .6

In case of current asset, Pran has stability in amount but Singer does not have so .

Skewness:

3(X− Median ) 3(1614570475 .6−1388597492 )

For Singer: = = 0.85588
SD 366621399

3(Y− Median ) 3(673492012 .6−673260852 )

For Pran: = = 0.224178736
SD 3093432 .559

Evaluation:
Over all Singer has far more current asset than Pran. But the amount fluctuate s highly in case
of Singer than that of Pran.
 Non-current assets Analysis
Data Table:
Year Singer Pran (𝑋 − 𝑋) (𝑌 − 𝑌)
(n) (X) (Y)

2005 401279556 289645235

3.03891E+16 1.2758E+13
2006 427559315 316861409
2.19173E+16 5.59055E+14
2007 419515472 280520679
2.43637E+16 1.61198E+14
2008 828622873 249928685
6.40184E+16 1.87388E+15
2009 801044269 329129366 5.08232E+16 1.28969E+15

n=5 2
∑X= ∑Y= ∑ 𝑋 −𝑋 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌)²=
2878021485 1466085374 1.91512E+17 3.89659E+15

Bar Diagram:

90000000

80000000

70000000

60000000

50000000
Singer
40000000
Pran

30000000

20000000

10000000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Histogram:
For Singer:

Histogram of Noncurrent asset of Singer

3.0

2.5

2.0
Frequency

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
400000000 500000000 600000000 700000000 800000000
Noncurrent asset of Singer

For Pran:

Histogram of Noncurrent asset of Pran

2.0

1.5
Frequency

1.0

0.5

0.0
240000000 260000000 280000000 300000000 320000000
Noncurrent asset of Pran
Mean:
For Singer: (∑X/n)

= (2878021485/5)

=575604297

For Pran: (∑Y/n)

= (1466085374/5)

=293217074.8

Median:
For Singer: Data values are in ascending order:

401279556, 419515472, 427559315, 801044269, 828622873

𝒏+𝟏
Median: th value
𝟐

= ((5+1)/2)th value
= 3 rd value
=427559315

For Pran: Data values are in ascending order:

289645235, 249928685, 280520679, 316861409, 329129366
𝒏+𝟏
Median: th value
𝟐

= ((5+1)/2)th value
= 3 rd value
=280520679

Mode:
For Singer: No modal

For Pran: No Modal

Standard Deviation:

∑(𝑋−𝑋)² 1.91512 E+17

For Singer: SD = = = 218810420.2
𝑛 −1 5−1
 ∑(𝑌−𝑌)² 3.89659 E+15
For Pran: SD = = = 31211336.08
𝑛 −1 5 −1

Coefficient of Variation:

𝑆𝐷 218810420 .2
For Singer: CV= × 100 = × 100 = 38.014%
𝑋 575604297

𝑆𝐷 31211336 .08
For Pran: CV= × 100 = ×100 = 10.644%
𝑋 293217074 .8

In case of noncurrent asset, Pran is better Singer for five years time

Skewness:

3(X− Median ) 3(575604297 −427559315 )

For Singer: = = 0.60893
SD 218810420 .2

3(Y− Median ) 3(293217074 .8−280520679 )

For Pran: = = -0.324451
SD 31211336 .08

Evaluation:
Over all Singer has far more noncurrent asset than Pran but the amount of Pran clusters around
an amount for the five years than that of Singer.
 Current liabilities Analysis
Data Table:
Year Singer Pran (X-𝑋)² (Y-𝑌)²
(n) (X) (Y)
2005 2.09455E+16 1.51598E+13
1053594860 28225684

2006 8.07966E+15 2.49989E+13

1108433542 27119354

2007 1.0756E+17 7.77199E+12

1526284596 29331413

2008 1.85517E+17 1.46744E+13

1629037379 35949958

2009 2.74648E+17 6.16313E+13

674251885 39969803

∑n=5 ∑X= 5991602262 ∑Y= ∑(X-𝑋)²= ∑(Y-𝑌)²=

160596212 5.96751E+17 1.24236E+14

Bar Diagram:

1.8E+09

1.6E+09

1.4E+09

1.2E+09

1E+09
Singer
80000000
Pran
60000000

40000000

20000000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Histogram:
For Singer:

Histogram of Current liabilities of Singer

2.0

1.5
Frequency

1.0

0.5

0.0
600000000 800000000 1000000000 1200000000 1400000000 1600000000
Current liabilities of Singer

For Pran:

Histogram of Current liabilities of Pran

2.0

1.5
Fr equency

1.0

0.5

0.0
28000000 30000000 32000000 34000000 36000000 38000000 40000000
C ur r ent liabilities of P r an
Mean:
For Singer = (∑X/n)
= (5991602262/5)
= 1198320452

For Pran = (∑Y/n)

= (160596212/5)
= 32119242

Median:
For Singer: Data values are in ascending order:
674251885, 1053594860, 1108433542, 1526284596, 1629037379

𝒏+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐
= ((5+1)/2) th value
= 3 rd value
=1108433542

For Pran: Data values are in ascending order:

27119354, 28225684, 29331413, 35949958, 39969803

𝒏+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐
= ((5+1)/2)th value
= 3 rd value
= 29331413

Mode:
For Singer: No modal

For Pran: No Modal

Standard Deviation:

∑(X−𝑋)² 5.96751 E+17

For Singer: SD = = = 386248161
𝑛−1 5−1
 ∑(𝑌−𝑌)² 1.24236E+14
For Pran: SD = = = 5573068
𝑛 −1 5 −1

Coefficient of Variation:

𝑆𝐷 386248161
For Singer: = × 100 = × 100 = 32.23%
𝑋 1198320452

𝑆𝐷 5573068
For Pran: = × 100 = ×100 = 17.35%
𝑋 32119242

In case of Current liabilities, the amount of Singer fluctuates twice as much as Pran.

Skewness:

3(X− Median ) 3(1198320452 −1108433542 )

For Singer: = = 0.70
SD 386248161

3(Y− Median ) 3(32119242 −29331413 )

For Pran: = = 0.80488
SD 5573068

Evaluation:
Over all Singer has far more current liabilities than Pran but the amount of Pran changes little
than Singer from year to year.
 For Long term Liabilities
Data Table:
Year Singer Pran
(X-𝑋)² (Y-𝑌)²
(n) (X) (Y)
2005 4.13403E+15 2.7642E+12
326507895 487560289
2006 1.34968E+15 1.9497E+14
354066227 499860851
2007 1.05353E+13 1.07578E+14
394050103 496269678
2008 2.91962E+15 2.73021E+14
444837781 469374341
2009 1.03284E+16 8.97634E+13
434559410 476423347

∑X= 1954021416 ∑Y= 2429488506 ∑(X-𝑋)²= ∑(Y-𝑌)²=

∑n=5 1.03284E+16 6.68096E+14

Bar diagram:

60000000

50000000

40000000

30000000 Singer
Pran
20000000

10000000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Histogram:
For Singer:

Histogram of long term liabilities of Singer

2.0

1.5
Frequency

1.0

0.5

0.0
320000000 340000000 360000000 380000000 400000000 420000000 440000000
long term liabilities of Singer

For Pran:

Histogram of Long term libilities of Pran

1.0

0.8
Frequency

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
470000000 475000000 480000000 485000000 490000000 495000000 500000000
Long term libilities of Pran
Mean:
For Singer = (∑X/n)
= (1954021416/5)
= 390804283.2

For Pran = (∑Y/n)

= (2429488506/5)
= 485897701.2

Median:
For Singer: data values are in ascending order:

326507895, 354066227, 394050103, 434559410, 444837781

𝒏+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐
= ((5+1)/2)th value
= 3rd value
= 394050103

For Pran: data values are in ascending order:

487560289, 499860851, 496269678, 469374341, 476423347

𝒏+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐
= ((5+1)/2)th value
= 3rd value
= 496269678

Mode:
For Singer: No modal
For Pran: No Modal

Standard Deviation:

∑(X−𝑋)² 1.03284 E+16

For Singer: SD = = = 50814308
𝑛−1 5−1
 ∑(𝑌−𝑌)² 6.68096 E+14
For Pran: SD = = = 12923781
𝑛−1 5−1

Coefficient of Variation:

𝑆𝐷 50814308
For Singer = × 100 = × 100 = 13.01%
𝑋 390804283 .2

𝑆𝐷 12923781
For Pran: = × 100 = ×100 = 2.66%
𝑋 485897701 .2

In case of long term liabilities, the amounts of Singer changes frequently whereas the amount
of Pran does not change like this year to year.

Skewness:

3(X− Median ) 3(390804283 .2−394050103 )

For Singer: = = -0.23445
SD 50814308

3(Y− Median ) 3(485897701 .2−496269678 )

For Pran: = = -0.29319
SD 12923781

Evaluation:
Pran has more long term liabilities than Singer and it is more stable than that of Singer .
 Return on Asset Analysis
Return on Asset is an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. ROA
gives an idea as to how efficient management is at using its assets to generate
earnings. Calculated by dividing a company's annual earnings by its total assets, ROA is
displayed as a percentage. Sometimes this is referred to as "return on investment".

The formula for return on assets is:

Data Table:

Year ROA of Singer ROA of Pran

(X-𝑋)² (Y-𝑌)²
(n) (X) (Y)
2005 0.000131439
0.063648415 0.162649801 0.000375839

2006 0.000457977
0.065099297 0.172585515 0.000321689

2007 0.000154408
0.044398437 0.138759013 0.001492783

2008 0.00095134
0.060816064 0.120341308 0.000493681

2009 0.00010826
0.181212734 0.161589909 0.009638869

∑(X-𝑋)²= ∑(Y-𝑌)²=
∑X= 0.415174946 ∑Y= 0.755925545
∑n=5 0.012322862 0.001803424

Bar diagram:
Histogram:
For Singer:

Histogram of ROA of Singer

2.0

1.5
Fr equency

1.0

0.5

0.0
0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150 0.175
RO A of Singer

For Pran:

Histogram of ROA of Pran

2.0

1.5
Frequency

1.0

0.5

0.0
0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17
ROA of Pran
Mean:
For Singer = (∑X/n)
= (0.415174946/5)
= 0.083034989

For Pran = (∑Y/n)

= (0.755925545/5)
= 0.151185109

Median:
For Singer: Data values are in ascending order:
0.044398437, 0.060816064, 0.063648415, 0.065099297, 0.181212734
𝒏+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐
= ((5+1)/2) th value
= 3rd value
=0.063648415

For Pran: Data values are in ascending order:

0.161589909, 0.120341308, 0.138759013, 0.162649801, 0.172585515,
𝒏+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐
= ((5+1)/2)th value
= 3rd value
= 0.138759013

Mode:
For Singer: No modal
For Pran: No Modal

Standard Deviation:

∑(X−𝑋)² 0.012322862
For Singer: SD = = = 0.055504193
𝑛−1 5 −1

∑(𝑌−𝑌)² 0.001803424
For Pran: SD = = = 0.021233369
𝑛 −1 5 −1
Coefficient of Variation:

𝑆𝐷 0.055504193
For Singer: = × 100 = × 100 = 66.844%
𝑋 0.083034989

𝑆𝐷 0.021233369
For Pran: = × 100 = ×100 = 14.045%
𝑋 0.151185109

The ROA of Pran does not change much year to year whereas that of singer changes very
frequently.

Skewness:

3(X− Median ) 3(0.083034989 −0.063648415 )

For Singer: = = 1.047843755
SD 0.055504193

3(Y− Median ) 3(0.151185109 −0.138759013 )

For Pran: = = 1.765
SD 0.021233369

Evaluation:
Singer provides larger ROA than Pran but it fluctuates highly year to year .
 Equity Analysis
Equity:
Year Equity of Singer Equity of Pran (X-𝑋)² (Y-𝑌)²
(n) (X) (Y)
2005
336103088 320593350 7.01969E+16 1.85224E+14
2006
329341913 319812885 7.38253E+16 2.07077E+14
2007
372987641 327927749 5.20125E+16 3.93794E+13
2008
885987077 342714360 8.11891E+16 7.24423E+13
2009
1080830466 359966920 2.30189E+17 6.63777E+14
∑n=5 ∑Y= 2
∑X= ∑ 𝑋−𝑋 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌)²=
1671015264
3005250185 5.07413E+17 1.1679E+15

Bar diagram:

1.2E+09

1E+09

80000000

Singer
60000000
Pran

40000000

20000000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Histogram:
For Singer:

Histogram of Equity of Singer

3.0

2.5

2.0
Frequency

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
300000000 450000000 600000000 750000000 900000000 1050000000
Equity of Singer

For Pran:

Histogram of Equity of Pran

2.0

1.5
Frequency

1.0

0.5

0.0
320000000 330000000 340000000 350000000 360000000
Equity of P r an
Mean:

For Singer = (∑X/n)

= (3005250185/5)

= 601050037

For Pran = (∑Y/n)

= (1671015264/5)

= 334203052.8

Median:

For Singer : data values are in ascending order:

329341913, 336103088, 372987641, 885987077, 1080830466

𝑛+1
Median = th value
2

= ((5+1)/2)th value

= 3 rd value

=37298764

For Pran: data values are in ascending order:

319812885, 320593350, 327927749, 342714360, 359966920

𝒏+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐

= ((5+1)/2)th value

= 3 rd value

= 327927749

Mode:
For Singer: No modal

For Pran: No Modal

Standard Deviation:

(X−𝑋)² 5.07413 E+17

For Singer: SD = = = 356164638.9
𝑛 −1 5−1

(Y−𝑌)² 1.1679 E+15

For Pran: SD = = = 17087275.
𝑛−1 5−1

Coefficient of Variation:

SD 356164638 .9
For Singer = × 100 = × 100 =59.26%
X 601050037

SD 17087275 .9
For Pran : = × 100 = × 100 = 5.113%
Y 334203052 .8

The equity of Pran is well consistned than that of Singer .

Skewness:

3(X− Median ) 3(601050037 −37298764 )

For Singer : = = .76595
SD 356164638 .9

3(Y− Median ) 3(334203052 .8−327927749 )

For Pran: = = .9997
SD 17087275 .9

Evaluation:
Singer has far more equity than that of Pran but the equity of Singer changes very much over
years which is not seen as much for Pran,
 ROE: Return on equity
The formula,
Net profit
ROE= ′ equity
Shareholders

Singer:

Year Profit Shareholders’ ROE

equity
2005 109233781
336103088 0.325001
2006 116647633
329341913 0.354184
2007 101819928
372987641 0.272985
2008 180007172
885987077 0.203171
2009 396790969
1080830466 0.367117

Pran:
Year Profit Shareholders’ equity ROE

2005 28225684
320593350 0.088042
2006 27119354
319812885 0.084798
2007 29331413
327927749 0.089445
2008 35949958
342714360 0.104898
2009 39969803
359966920 0.111037
Data Table:
Year ROE of Singer ROE of Pran (X-𝑋)² (Y-𝑌)²
(n) (X) (Y)
2005
0.325001 0.088042 0.000421 5.77904E-05
2006
0.354184 0.084798 0.002469 0.000117636
2007
0.272985 0.089445 0.000993 3.84276E-05
2008
0.203171 0.104898 0.010266 8.56365E-05
2009
0.367117 0.111037 0.003922 0.000236944
2
∑n=5
∑X= ∑Y= ∑ 𝑋−𝑋 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌)²=
1.522458 0.47822 0.01807 0.000536435

Bar Diagram:

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2 Singer
Pran
0.15

0.1

0.05

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mean:
For Singer = (∑X/n)

= (1.522458/5)

= 0.304492
For Pran = (∑Y/n)

= (0.47822 /5)

= 0.095644

Median:
For Singer : data values are in ascending order:

0.203171, 0.203171, 0.325001, 0.354184, 0.367117

𝒏+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐

= ((5+1)/2)th value

= 3 rd value

=0.325001

For Pran: data values are in ascending order:

0.084798, 0.088042, 0.089445, 0.104898, 0.111037

𝒏+𝟏
Median = th value
𝟐

= ((5+1)/2)th value

= 3 rd value

= 0.089445

Mode:

For Singer: No modal

For Pran: No Modal

Standard Deviation:

(X−𝑋)² 0.01807
For Singer: SD = = = .067212
𝑛−1 5−1
 (Y−𝑌)² 0.000536435
For Pran: SD = = = .011581
𝑛−1 5−1

Coefficient of Variation:

𝑆𝐷 .067212
For Singer = × 100 = × 100 = 22.07%
𝑋 0.304492
𝑆𝐷 .011581
For Pran: = × 100 = × 100 = 12.11%
𝑋 0.095644

The ROE of Pran is better than that of Singer as it disperses less

Skewness:

3(X− Median ) 3(0.304492 −0.325001 )

For Singer : = = -.9155
SD .067212

3(Y− Median ) 3(0.095644 −0.089445 )

For Pran: = = 1.606
SD .011581

Evaluation:
Over all in case of ROE Pran is better than Singer as it has less CV SD.
 Conclusion
Throughout the report we have shown the calculation of mean, median, mode, standard
deviation, skewness and co-efficient of variation based on five years’ data of the two
companies. We have also used bar diagram to present the detail information graphicall y. After
analyzing these data statistically, we have found that though Singer’s performance was much
greater than PRAN, PRAN’s profit, assets, liabilities, equity, ROA and ROE was consistent
with the mean. We have noticed much dispersion in each year’s profit, assets, liabilities, ROA
and ROE of Singer than those of PRAN.
References:
1. www.singerbd.com

2. www.pranfoods.net

3. Annual reports