Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER – I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 COMPANY
Deekay export limited is a manufacturer and supplier of Indian made foreign liquor.
The organization is started at 2003. The company situated at madukarai village in puducherry.
The head office is situated at puducherry. The total number of employees is 165 where 110 are
permanent and 55 are in contract based.
The organization was surrounded by 150 acres at madukarai village in puducherry. The
company has six departments namely Administrative, Blending, Bottling,Stores, Purchase and
BondedWarehouse. The working hours are 9 am to 5 pm. The products which are produced by
organization are dispatched at puducherry, mahe, yanam, karaikal, kerala and Andaman and
Nicobar Islands.
Since the organization produces the liquor products it is under the supervision of
Excise department of puducherry. The products which are produced and delivered by
organization are supervised by the excise officer and the products are delivered under his
control.
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1.4 PRODUCTION:
DeeKay exports limited have six departments namely Administrative, Blending,
Bottling, Stores, Purchase and Bonded warehouse. The various brands which are produced by
organization are follows.
1.4.5 Stores:
The stores department is in charge for the material handling which includes moving,
packing, storing and preserving. The materials will be placed in the stores after inspection
of store department. The stores departments maintain the record of materials which kept in
the stores and when it is issued.
Managing Director
General Manager
HR Supervisor Store QA
Assistant Production Assistant Inspector
s
CHAPTER II
6
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 INTRODUCTION:
Modern managers and personal administrators are greatly interested in fathoming and
influencing the morale of the employees in such a way that it will contribute to the
maximum effectiveness, growth and progress of the organization. Contemporary
personnel administration is interested in designing programmes that help provide optimal
employee morale.
2.2 MEANING:
Morale is purely emotional. It is an attitude of an employee towards his job, his
superior and his organization. This may range from very high to very low. It is not a static
thing but it changes depending on working conditions, superiors, fellow workers, pay and
so on. When a particular employee has a favorable attitude towards his work, he is said to
have high morale. In the organizational context, we usually talk of group morale as each
person has an influence over the other’s morale.
Morale is a very widely used term. It generally refers to esprit de corps, a feeling of
enthusiasm, zeal, confidence in individuals or groups that they will be able to cope of mind
to work, environment and to his employer, and his willingness to strive for the goals set for
him by the organization in which he is employed. Morale is synthesis of an employee’s
diverse reactions to, and feelings for, his job, his working conditions, pay and so on.
Feelings, emotions, sentiments, attitudes and motives- all these combine and lead to a
particular type of behavior on the part of the individual or his group and this is what is
referred to as employee or group morale.
2.3 DEFINITIONS:
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• Morale is the sum of total of several psychic qualities which include courage,
fortitude, resolution and above all confidence.
---- Mooney
---- Flippo
• Morale is a relative concept and does not indicate by itself, the existence of
either a good or bad state. Therefore, it is inaccurate to speak of morale as
something which is either present or absent in a group.
• Morale is a group phenomenon consisting of a pattern of attitudes. It is the sum
total of employee’s attitudes, feelings and sentiments.
• Morale is intangible and, therefore it is very difficult to measure the degree of
morale accurately. But it can be judged from employee absenteeism and
turnover.
• Morale is multi-dimensional. It represents complex mixtures of several elements.
It recognizes the influence of job situation, human aspects and motivational
forces on attitudes of individuals and groups.
• Morale is a byproduct of group relationships. It reflects the degree of willingness
and enthusiasm with which the members of group carry out of their assignments.
Roach determined that there are twelve factors that influence morale. They are
1. General worker’s attitude towards the company.
2. General worker’s attitude towards the supervisor.
3. The level of satisfaction with job standards.
4. The level of consideration the supervisor shows to his subordinates.
5. The work load and the work pressure level.
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• Observations
• Attitude surveys
• Company records
2.8.1 OBSERVATIONS:
A keen observation of employee’s behavior, talk, gestures should help the manager
to identify any change in the level of morale. On identifying this, the manager should
immediately think of a remedial action in order to restore the morale at its previous
level.
Questionnaire Method:
In this method of morale measurement, a questionnaire is served to the
employees asking them about their opinions on all factors that affect morale
Appreciation:
Research shows that people often leave an employer because they haven’t received
the recognition they want, or feedback on how they are doing.
Perhaps the first step in creating an atmosphere that will motivate employees is
expressing appreciation. Supervisors should commend progress toward agreed-upon
goals in a continual and consistent manner. The employees are singled out from time to
time and commended for their efforts on keeping the company running smoothly.
Involvement:
People want to feel involved their jobs and important to the success of their
companies. They are closest to the works for which they are responsible, and know
how it can most effective be done.
Supervisors can motivate staff by asking them to set their own job goals and suggest
better ways to do things. Supervisors should prove themselves as participative one,
which in turn enable them to identify the actual problem from the employees regarding
their work.
Co-operation:
Management should maintain a proper cooperation among the employees. This can be
done by showing a proper path towards the organization goal.
Social Environment:
A company’s reputation rests on more than just the quality of its products. People
judge firms by their philosophy and level of customer service, their involvement in
community activities and their commitment to morale, environmental and even
political issues.
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Working Environment:
The physical place in which people work says a lot about the organization, its
values and its policies. Employees are more productive when their environment is
comfortable, pleasant and efficiently organized for the tasks top be performed. As you
arrive tomorrow morning, look objectively at your neighborhood, building, entrance
area and the individual offices.
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ARTICLES:
(a) a feeling of togetherness i.e., of belonging to a group and not and not being
isolated.
(b) a clear goal (which will be targets of production) set before them.
(c) there must be an observed pr perceived progress toward the attainment of goal.
(d) within the group each member feels that he has a meaningful task to perform.
(1) What is it? – It is attitude of mind, a state of well being and an emotional
force.
(2) Where does it reside? – It resides in the minds, attitudes and emotions of
individual as members of group.
(4) What do it affect? – It affects willingness to work and cooperate in the best
Interest of the enterprise and ultimately output, quality of output and costs
of operations.
Morale exists when people know their jobs and how their job compliments jobs of
everyone else. They focus on working together to accomplish the mission of the
business.
One of the easiest and most effective ways to foster positive employee attitudes is to
create an optimum working environment with in each department.
Another indication of high morale is where people in the organization see action
required and willingly sacrifice their goals for the growth of organization.
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Morale is not a simple concept. Of course employees will feel unsettled during
downsizing. However, just accepting low morale as an inevitable consequence may
determine the very productivity gains intended by the change. So employers should
seek to minimize the unwanted impact of economic fluctuation. They also need to
recognize the extent manner of managing such change affects how employees feel
about the change, and their future relationship with the organization.
Downsizing can threaten employee’s sense of well being in several ways. They may
see the organization as having behaved unjustly or unfairly. They obviously feel less
secure. They also lose the belief that their contribution to the organization will be
rewarded in the future. These responses may easily threaten organization
performances.
“First morale refers to the total satisfactions which the individual acquires as a
result of his membership and involvement in an organization setting.
“Second it relates to the state of motivational drives through which the individual
tend to accomplish goals and face the future challenges”.
CHAPTER – III
• To find the expectation of employees towards job, work environment and financial
benefits.
CHAPTER – IV
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
As such the design includes an outline of what the researcher will do from writing the
hypothesis and its operational implications to the final analysis of data. More
explicitly, the decisions happen to be in respect of:
The Research Design undertaken for the study is Descriptive one. A study, which
wants to portray the characteristics of a group or individuals or situation, is known as
Descriptive study. It is mostly qualitative in nature. The main objective of Descriptive
study is to acquire knowledge.
17
PRIMARY DATA:
Primary data was collected through personnel interview. The structured interview
schedule was drafted to get the information regarding the employee morale at
DEEKAY EXPORTS LIMITED. The structure interview schedule contains 19
questions, which include both closed and multiple questions. Most of them were all of
multiple choices in nature. The interview was conducted in English and Tamil. Proper
care was taken to frame the interview schedule in such a manner it should be easily
understood in view of educational level of the employees.
SECONDARY DATA:
Secondary data was collected from various published books, journals, periodicals
and Company records.
From the statistical point of view, the term ”Universe “ refers to the total of the
items or units in any field of inquiry, whereas the term “Population” refers to the total
of items about which information is desired.
18
A sampling plan is a definite design for obtaining a sample from the sampling
frame. It refers to the techniques or the procedure the researcher would adopt in
selecting some sampling units from which inferences about the population is drawn.
Sampling design is determined before any data are collected.
Convenient Sampling technique was adopted. In this method the researcher select
those units of the population in the sample, which appear convenient to him or the
management of the organization where he is conducting research.
In order to come out with findings of the study, the following statistical tools have
been used
• Percentage method
• Chi-square method
• Weighted average method
19
In this project Percentage method test is used. It can be calculated in the following
way.
No. of respondents
x 100
Percentage of respondent =
Total no of respondents
CHI-SQUARE ANALYSIS:
The test used in the analysis was Chi-square test. Karl Pearson in 1990 developed a
test for testing the significance of discrepancy between experimental values and
theoretical values obtained under some theory or hypothesis.
Formula:
Chi-square = ∑ {(O-E)2 / E}
O = Observed frequency
E = Expected frequency
Chi-square is used to test whether differences between observed and expected
frequencies are used.
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CHAPTER V
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Male 32 64.0
Female 18 36.0
Total 50 100.0
INFERENCE:
From the above given table it is inferred that 64% of the employees are male and
36% of the employees are female
CHART 5.1
22
30
20
10
Frequency
0
Male Female
TABLE No.5.2
Married 25 50.0
Total 50 100.0
INFERENCE:
23
Above table states that 50% of the respondents are Married and 50% of the respondents are
Unmarried.
CHART 5.2
20
10
Frequency
0
Single Married
QUALIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS
TABLE 5.3
Frequency Percent
1 member 1 2.0
2 Members 32 64.0
3 Members 13 26.0
Total 50 100.0
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INFERENCE:
The above table states that 38% of the employees are degree holders, 30% of the
employees have passed HSC, 16% of the employees have passed SSLC, 14% of the
employees possess PG degree.
CHART 5.3
Q U A L IF IC A T IO N O F R E S P O N D E N T S
SSLC
HSC
D ip lo m o
D e g re e
PG
Challenging 11 22.0
Interesting 30 60.0
creative 1 2.0
Poor 8 16.0
Total 50 100.0
INFERENCE:
The table states that 60% of the employees rated their job as interesting, 22% of the
employees rated their job as challenging, 16% of the employees rated their job as poor and 2%
of the employees as creative.
CHART 5.4
26
Poor
Challenging
creative
Intersting
INFERENCE:
others 15 30.0
None 1 2.0
Total 50 100.0
The table clearly states that 36% of the respondents have problem in their working hours,
32% of the respondents have problem in their salary and 15% of the respondents have their
problems in other areas.
CHART 5.5
None
others
Salary problem
Working hours
WORKLOAD
TABLE 5.6
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Satisfied 36 72.0
Moderate 8 16.0
Dissatisfied 6 12.0
Total 50 100.0
INFERENCE:
The above table states that 72% of the employees are satisfied with workload, 16% of
the employees are moderate and 12% of the employees are dissatisfied.
CHART 5.6
29
WORKLOAD
Dissatisfied
Moderate
Satisfied
WORK ENVIRONMENT
TABLE 5.7
30
Satisfied 22 44.0
Moderate 22 44.0
Dissatisfied 1 2.0
Total 50 100.0
INFERENCE:
The data in the table states that 44% of the employees are satisfied with work environment,
44% of the employees are moderate, 10% of the employees are dissatisfied and 2% of the
employees are dissatisfied.
CHART 5.7
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WORK ENVIRONMENT
50
40
30
20
10
Percent
0
Highly satisfied Satisfied Moderate Dis-satisfied
WORK ENVIRONMENT
JOB
TABLE 5.8
32
Satisfied 32 64.0
Moderate 15 30.0
Dissatisfied 2 4.0
Total 50 100.0
INFERENCE:
The table depicts that 64% of the employees are satisfied with their job, 30% of them are
moderate, 4% of the employees are dissatisfied and 2 % of them are highly satisfied.
CHART 5.8
33
JOB
Dissatisfied
Satisfied
Yes 43 86.0
No 7 14.0
Total 50 100.0
INFERENCE:
The table states that 86% of the respondents having good relationship with the co-workers
and 14% of them are not having the relationship.
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Chart 5.9
No
Yes
TABLE 5.10
Based on 29 58.0
seniority
Both 17 34.0
Total 50 100.0
INFERENCE:
35
The above table states that 58% of the employees are provided promotional activities on
seniority bases, 34% of the employees on both and 8% of the employees on merit basis.
CHART 5.10
P R O M O T IO N A L O P P O R T U N I T I E S
B a s e d o n m e r it
B a s e d o n s e n io r it y
B o th
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TRANSPORT FACILITIES
Table 5.11
Fair 12 24.0
Poor 37 74.0
Total 50 100.0
INFERENCE:
The table states that 74% of the respondents stated that transport facilities in organization
are poor, 24% of the respondents stated fair and 2% of the respondent stated that transport
facilities are very good.
Chart 5.11
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TRANSPORT FACILITIES
very good
Fair
Poor
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Null hypothesis:
Total number of years working of an employee and working environment are independent.
Table5.12
OBSERVED COUNT
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Highly
satisfied Satisfied Moderate Dissatisfied Total
THE TOTAL 1 year 0 6 9 0 15
NUMBER OF YEAR 2 year 1 9 12 1 23
WORKING
3 year 4 4 1 0 9
More than three
0 3 0 0 3
year
Total 5 22 22 1 50
Table 5.12.1
EXPECTED COUNT
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Highly
satisfied Satisfied Moderate Dissatisfied Total
THE TOTAL 1 year 1.5 6.6 6.6 .3 15.0
NUMBER OF YEAR 2 year 2.3 10.1 10.1 .5 23.0
WORKING
3 year .9 4.0 4.0 .2 9.0
More than three
.3 1.3 1.3 .1 3.0
year
Total 5.0 22.0 22.0 1.0 50.0
TABLE 5.12.2
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CALCULATION:
O E (O-E) (O-E)2/ E
0 1.5 -1.5 1.5
6 6.6 0.6 0.05454
9 6.6 2.4 0.8727
0 0.3 -0.3 0.3
1 2.3 -1.3 0.7347
9 10.1 -1.1 0.1198
12 10.1 1.9 0.3574
1 0.5 0.5 0.5
4 0.9 3.1 10.67
4 4 0 0
1 4 -3 0.5625
0 0.2 -0.2 0.2
0 0.3 -0.3 0.3
3 1.3 1.7 2.2230
0 1.3 -1.3 1.3
0 0.1 -0.1 0.1
5 5 0 0
22 22 0 0
22 22 0 0
1 1 0 0
RESULT:
Total number of years working of an employee and working environment are not
independent.
The respondents were asked to give their opinion about the following factors in their
organization. Their opinions are tabulated below.
Table 5.13
Highly
S.No Factors Satisfied Satisfied Moderate Dis-satisfied
1 Workload 0 36 8 6
Work
2 Environment 5 22 22 1
Relationship
3 with 3 21 22 4
superiors
4 Job 1 32 15 2
Point weight `
age 4 3 2 1
Factors Highly Average
satisfied Satisfied Moderate Dissatisfied Total score Ranks
Workload 0 108 16 6 130 2.60 3
Work
Environment 20 66 44 1 131 2.62 2
Relationship
with 12 63 44 4 123 2.46 4
superiors
Job 4 96 30 2 132 2.64 1
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INFERENCE:
It can be interpreted from the above table that the respondents have rated first to their
job, second rating to their work environment, third to workload and fourth to relationship with
superior
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CHAPTER VI
FINDINGS OF STUDY
• 64% of the employees are male and most of them are degree holders
• The working condition provided by the organization satisfy the majority of the
employees
• Canteen facilities and Water facilities provided by organization are good. But the
• The employees in organization rated first to their job, second rating to their work
• Using the chi-square analysis it is found that there is no significant difference between
• Most of the respondents are satisfied with the workload provided by organization.
• The respondents have rated first to quality, second rating to value of money, third to
timely delivery and fourth to availability of the product.
43
From the study it is identified that low monetary benefits is an unfavorable factor that
prevails in the organization. So the company could try to provide few monetary benefits to the
employees. The company should give a good pay to the employees which satisfy them.
The promotional opportunities in the organization are based on seniority basis only.
The organization should also provide promotional opportunities on the basis of merits
obtained by employees. This will give a sense of motivation to the employees to boost up
their performance.
Transport facility found to be the most lacking facilities in the organization. The employees
coming from far places are not offered such facilities. So the company should provide proper
transportation facilities to all its employees. This would minimize the problems like turnover
CHAPTER VII
CONCLUSIONS
Morale is the attitude of mind or state of mind of employees, which has impact on the
individual and company goals and the purposes. Feelings, emotions and motives combine and
build certain attitude and behavior on the part of the individual, which is in turn, represents the
employee morale towards his organization.
The organization has good work environment and most of the respondent are satisfied with
job, workload and relationship with superiors. The relationship between the employees is
good. The facilities provided by organization were good. The Employee morale in the
organization is found to be of satisfied level.
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CHAPTER VIII
• The survey period was one month. Hence limited time was spent for doing the survey.
• Some of the respondents didn’t give real data due to fear on management.
• Since data was collected during working hours of employees they feel it as some
disturbances to them.
• The respondent may be biased while answering the questions so the sample result
cannot be applied to the population in whole
46
• The study is confined to DEEKAY EXPORTS LIMITED, highlights the need for high
morale among the employees in the organization.
• The recommendations and suggestions of the study can also be applied to similar
project or similar situation.
• It will be also helpful to those who make a research on this topic as a good reference.
• The study helps to know the expectations and satisfaction factors of an employee in
DEEKAY EXPORTS LIMITED.
47
ANNEXURE-I
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Name:
2. Gender:
Male{ } Female{ }
3. Martial status:
Single { } Married { }
4. Educational Qualification:
SSLC { } HSC { } Diploma { } Degree { } Post Graduate { }
Others { }
11. What is your opinion about the following factors in your organization?
a) Good b) Normal
c) At least d) Bad
a) Yes b) No
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ANNEXURE - II
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS:
WEBSITES:
www.management.org
www.moraleinfo.com