324 Chapter 1 Limits and Their Properties

Review Exercises for Chapter 1

2. Precalculus. L  9  12  3  12  8.25

4. 0.5
x  0.1  0.01  0.001 0.001 0.01 0.1
f x 0.358 0.354 0.354 0.354 0.353 0.349 −1 1

lim f x  0.2

x→0 −0.5

6. gx 
3x
(a) lim gx does not exist. (b) lim gx  0
x2 x→2
x→0

8. lim x  9  3. Assuming 4 < x < 16, you can choose   5.

x→9
Let  > 0 be given. We need 
Hence, for 0 < x  9 <   5, you have 
  
x  3 <  ⇒ x  3 x  3 <  x  3      
x  9 < 5 < x  3   
x  9 <  x  3 x  3 < 
 f x  L < 

10. lim 9  9. Let  > 0 be given.  can be any positive

x→5
 
12. lim 3 y  1  3 4  1  9
y→4
 

number. Hence, for 0 < x  5 < , you have 
9  9 < 
 f x  L < 
t2  9 4  x  2 4  x  2 4  x  2
14. lim
t3
 lim t  3  6 16. lim  lim 
t→3 t→3 x→0 x x→0 x 4  x  2

1 1
 lim 
x→0 4  x  2 4

 11  s   1  lim  11  s   1  11  s   1

s→0
 11  s  1 
18. lim
s→0 s s

11  s  1 1 1
 lim  lim
s→0 s 11  s   1 s→0 1  s 11  s   1   2

x2  4 x  2x  2 4x 44
20. lim  lim 22. lim  
x→2 x3  8 x→2 x  2x2  2x  4 x→ 4 tan x 1
x2
 lim
x→2 x2  2x  4
4 1
 
12 3
 Review Exercises for Chapter 1 325

cos  x  1 cos  cos x  sin  sin x  1

24. lim  lim
x→0 x x→0 x

 lim
x→0
 cos x x  1 

lim sin 
x→0
sin x
x 
 0  01  0

26. lim  f x  2gx   4  23   12

3 2 7
x→c

1 
3 x
28. f x 
x1

(a) (b) 2
x 1.1 1.01 1.001 1.0001
f x 0.3228 0.3322 0.3332 0.3333 −3 3

1 
3 x
lim
x→1 x1
 0.333  Actual limit is  13 . −3

1 
3 x 1 
3 x
1  3 x
3 x   2
(c) lim  lim 
x→1 x1 x→1 x1 1  x  
3

3 x 2

1x
 lim
x→1 x  11  
3
x  
3
x2
1
 lim
x→1 3 x  
1  3 x2

1

3

30. st  0 ⇒ 4.9t2  200  0 ⇒ t2  40.816 ⇒ t  6.39 sec

When t  6.39, the velocity is approximately

sa  st
lim  lim 4.9a  t
t→a at t→a

 lim 4.96.39  6.39  62.6 msec.

t→6.39

32. lim x  1 does not exist. The graph jumps from 2 to 3 34. lim gx  1  1  2.
x→4 x→1

at x  4.

3x2  x  2 , x1
36. lim f s  2
s→2
38. f x   0,
x1
x1
3x  x  2
2
lim f x  lim
x→1 x→1 x1

 lim 3x  2  5  0
x→1

Removable discontinuity at x  1
Continuous on 
, 1  1,

326 Chapter 1 Limits and Their Properties

40. f x  52xx,3, x ≤ 2

x > 2
42. f x x x 1  1  1x
lim 1  

lim 5  x  3 1
x→2
x→0 x
lim 2x  3  1
x→2
Domain: 
, 1 , 0,

Nonremovable discontinuity at x  2
Nonremovable discontinuity at x  0
Continuous on 
, 2  2,

Continuous on 
, 1  0,


x1
44. f x  46. f x  tan 2x
2x  2
Nonremovable discontinuities when
x1 1
lim 
x→1 2x  1 2 2n  1
x
4
Removable discontinuity at x  1
Continuous on 
, 1  1,
 Continuous on

2n 4 1, 2n 4 1

for all integers n.

48. lim x  1  2
x→1

lim x  1  4
x→3

Find b and c so that lim x2  bx  c  2 and lim x2  bx  c  4.

x→1 x→3

Consequently we get 1bc2 and 9  3b  c  4.

Solving simultaneously, b  3 and c  4.

50. C  9.80  2.50x  1 , x > 0 52. f x  x  1x

 9.80  2.50x  1 (a) Domain: 
, 0  1,

C has a nonremovable discontinuity at each integer. (b) lim f x  0
x→0
30
(c) lim f x  0
x→1

0 5
0

4x
54. hx  56. f x  csc  x
4  x2
Vertical asymptote at every integer k
Vertical asymptotes at x  2 and x  2

x x1 1 1
2x  1

58. lim  60. lim  lim 

x→ 12 x→1 x4  1 x→1 x2  1x  1 4

x2  2x  1 1
62. lim  
64. lim  

x→1 x1 x→2 x 4

3 2

sec x cos2 x
66. lim 
68. lim  

x→0 x x→0 x
 Problem Solving for Chapter 1 327

tan 2x
70. f x 
x

(a)
x  0.1  0.01  0.001 0.001 0.01 0.1
f x 2.0271 2.0003 2.0000 2.0000 2.0003 2.0271

tan 2x
lim 2
x→0 x

(b) Yes, define

x0
2, x
tan 2x ,
f x  .
x0
Now f x is continuous at x  0.

Problem Solving for Chapter 1

1 1 x 40 4
2. (a) Area PAO  bh  1x  4. (a) Slope  
2 2 2 30 3
1 1 y x2 3 3
Area PBO  bh  1y   (b) Slope   Tangent line: y  4   x  3
2 2 2 2 4 4
Area PBO x22 3 25
(b) ax   x y x
Area PAO x2 4 4
(c) Let Q  x, y  x, 25  x2
x 4 2 1 0.1 0.01
25  x2  4
mx 
Area PAO 2 1 12 120 1200 x3
Area PBO 8 2 12 1200 120,000 25  x2  4 25  x2  4
(d) lim mx  lim
x3

x→3 x→3 25  x2  4
ax 4 2 1 110 1100
25  x2  16
 lim
(c) lim ax  lim x  0 x→3 x  3 25  x2  4 
x→0 x→0
3  x3  x
 lim
x→3 x  325  x2  4
 3  x 6 3
 lim  
x→3 25  x2  4 44 4
This is the slope of the tangent line at P.

a  bx  3 a  bx  3 a  bx  3
6.   8. lim f x  lim a2  2  a2  2
x x a  bx  3 x→0 x→0


a  bx  3 lim f x  lim
x→0
ax
tan x 
 a because lim
tan x
x
1 
xa  bx  3
x→0 x→0

Thus,
Letting a  3 simplifies the numerator.
a2  2  a
Thus,
a2  a  2  0
3  bx  3 bx
lim  lim
x→0 x x→0 x 3  bx  3  a  2a  1  0
b a  1, 2
 lim .
x→0 3  bx  3

b
Setting  3, you obtain b  6.
3  3
Thus, a  3 and b  6.
328 Chapter 1 Limits and Their Properties

(a) f 4  
4  4 (b) lim f x  1
y 1
10. (c) f is continuous for all
x→1
real numbers except
f 3 
1
 0 lim f x  0
3
3 x→1
x  0, ± 1, ± 12, ± 13, . . .
2
1 f 1 
1  1 lim f x   
x→0
x
−1
−1
1 lim f x  
x→0
−2

192,000 14. Let a  0 and let > 0 be given. There exists

1 > 0
12. (a) v2   v02  48
r
  
such that if 0 < x  0 <
, then f x  L < . 
192,000
 v2  v02  48
  
Let

1 a . Then for 0 < x  0 <

1 a , 
r you have

r
192,000
v  v02  48
x < a1

lim r 
192,000 ax <
1
v→0 48  v02
 f ax  L < .
Let v0  48  43 feetsec.
As a counterexample, let f x  12 x0
x0
.
1920
(b) v2   v02  2.17 Then lim f x  1  L,
r x→0

1920 but lim f ax  lim f 0  2.

 v2  v02  2.17 x→0 x→0
r
1920
r
v2  v02  2.17
1920
lim r 
v→0 2.17  v02
Let v0  2.17 misec  1.47 misec.
10,600
(c) r
v2  v02  6.99
10,600
lim r 
v→0 6.99  v02
Let v0  6.99 2.64 misec.
Since this is smaller than the escape velocity for earth,
the mass is less.