SWITCHYARD LAYOUT – STUDY OF OPERATION OF A DOUBLE MAIN AND TRANSFER

ARRANGEMENT

Soumyadeep Nag, Ajoy Tomar.

B.Tech (Power System Engineering)
College of Engineering Studies, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007

For presentation & evaluation as Minor Project as part of the V semester curriculum of the 2008-2012
batch of B.Tech(PSE) program under the guidance of

Project Mentor : Mr. Jaydeep Chakravorty, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Power System Engg.,
UPES

+ Undergraduate Student, Dept. of Power System Engg., R370308049 | B.Tech(PSE) 2008-12 | V Semester
* Undergraduate Student, Dept. of Power System Engg., R370308007 | B.Tech(PSE) 2008-12 | V Semester
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ABSTRACT

Objective: -

The choice of a particular scheme for distribution is difficult since the project has to be economic and
meet the demand reliably at the same time. So it is essential to understand the rudiments of
transmission and distribution system. This minor project aims at the study of “OPERATION OF A
DOUBLE MAIN AND TRANSFER ARRANGEMENT”, to notify all advantages and disadvantages
of this arrangement, and to investigate the different equipments mentioned above and their different
types.

Literature review: -

The term switchgear, used in association with the electric power system, or grid, refers to the
combination of electrical disconnects, fuses and/or circuit breakers used to isolate electrical
equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear
faults downstream. This type of equipment is important because it is directly linked to the reliability of
the electricity supply. In early days plants used knife switches which proved rather dangerous as
voltage and currents increased. Thus they had to be replaced by oil filled and now SF6 breakers.
Schemes improved along with the equipments and resulted in more reliable supply of power.

Bulk electrical power is produced by the power plant which requires transmission and distribution to
different types of consumers. This is accomplished by an efficient transmission distribution system.
The word efficient signifies that the losses accompanied in transmission and distribution is reduced.
This is done by using bundled conductors, transposition of the conductors, and by the use of metal of
least resistance and suitable cost (ACSR – Aluminum Copper Steel Reinforced conductors – 900A).

ACSR conductors
The word “efficient”, also signifies that the supply should be continuous. Different schemes are
adopted in maintaining the continuity of power supply are: -

a. Single Bus Arrangement

b. Main and transfer bus arrangement
c. Ring bus
d. Double Bus Bar Arrangement
e. Double main and Transfer
f. Double Bus Bar with Double Breaker
g. One and a half Breaker scheme

The DOUBLE MAIN AND TRANSFER forms an important scheme followed all over in substations
and switchyards. Here we have two main Busses available called Bus – 1 and Bus – 2.

The transfer bus ensures the continuity of supply when the switchyard is under maintenance or a
circuit breaker is out of service. Most of the time the auxiliary is kept open. This system is generally
adopted when ABCBs, BOCBs, MOCBs are available and these circuit breakers require regular
maintenance. Nowadays the use of SF6 circuit breakers reduces the required amount of maintenance.

The main equipments that are used are: -

a. Insulators
b. Conductors and Accessories
c. Clamps and Connectors
d. Circuit breakers
e. Isolators
f. Earthing switch
g. Instrument transformers
h. Surge arrestors
i. Wave traps

References: -

a. Wikipedia
b. Transmission And Distribution Engineering (S. Rao )
c. Overall view of 220kv switch yard
at Dr.NTTPS
presentation by
Syed.Safiuddin
A.Surendra
B.Gurumurthy
G.Hari krishna
B.Vineel

d. EHV Transmission Equipments

(C. K. Thakur,Chief Design Engineer
(Project Engineering Electrical)NTPC)