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2-5.
(Source: http://invsee.asu.edu/nmodules/carbonmod/crystalline.html)
( )
⇒ ( ) ( )
⏟
( ) ( )
X
σz σz
σy σx
Y
*( ) ( ) ( ) +
Plugging in the values of σy, σz and σY in the above equation and solving for minimum value of
σx we get the following quadratic equation:
In both cases, maximum shear stress comes out to be τmax = 34228.8 psi ≥ τY (= σY/2 = 30000
psi). Therefore, axial stress required to cause yielding is either a tensile stress of 58457.6 psi or a
compressive stress of 53457.6 psi.
6-3.
τY
[111]
σ [100]
Following the convention of the textbook ϕ is the angle between the normal of the (100) and
( ̅ ) crystallographic planes and θ is the angle between [100] tensile axis direction and [111]
slip plane directions.
[ ] [̅ ] | | |√ |
⇒
√
[ ] [ ] | | |√ |
⇒
√
Ignoring the negative value of cos ϕ,
⇒ √ ⇒
√ √
σF [100] [110]
Similar to Problem 6-3,
[ ] [̅ ] | | |√ |
⇒
√
[ ] [ ] | | |√ |
⇒
√
Ignoring the negative value of cos ϕ
⇒ ⇒ to cause yielding
√ √
Therefore, the material will fracture before plastically deforming when a stress is applied along
<100> directions.
σ0
6-10.
z1 = z0 + Δz = z0 (1 + Δz/z0) = z0 (1 + εz)
1 + εx+ εy+ εz = 1
εx+ εy+ εz = 0
Now, if tensile stress was applied in the y-direction (as shown in the figure) then, εx = εz
ν = - εx / εy = - εz / εy = 0.5
Therefore, constant volume Poisson’s ratio is estimated to be 0.5. It is noted that rubber has a
Poisson’s ratio of 0.5
Another approach (circular cylinder):
σ0
r0
H0
σ0
In this case, initial radius is r0 and initial height is H0. After deformation final radius is r1 and
final height is H1. In this case, Poisson’s ratio ν = - εr / εH
(1 + εr)2 (1 + εH) = 1
(1 + 2 εr + εr2) (1 + εH) = 1
εH + 2 εr = 0 or εr = - 0.5 εH