Taleemul Haq

‫تعلیم الحق‬
Basic Hanafi Fiqh Manual
Excerpt: Book of Fasting

Note: This is work in Progress! Please report all errors and omissions with page numbers (& all relevant details)
to webmaster@central-mosque.com

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Table of Contents
What’s changed? ..........................................................................................................................................................3
The Book of Fasting ......................................................................................................................................................5
Terminologies Introduced ........................................................................................................................................5
Ramadhaan Overview ..............................................................................................................................................7
Virtues of Fasting in Ramadhaan .............................................................................................................................7
Sunan of Fasting .......................................................................................................................................................8
Fasting teaches sympathy for the hungry ................................................................................................................8
Actions to be generally avoided and specifically during Ramadhaan ......................................................................8
Types of Fasts ...........................................................................................................................................................9
The Niyyah (Intention) of Fast ................................................................................................................................10
Dua (invocation) at the time of opening Fast .........................................................................................................10
Mustahabbat (Preferred Acts) of Fasting ...............................................................................................................11
Makroohat (Disliked Acts) of fasting ......................................................................................................................11
Actions which break a fast ......................................................................................................................................11
Actions which break a fast but only necessitate Qadha.....................................................................................11
Actions which break a fast and necessitate both Qadha and Kaffarah .............................................................12
Actions which don’t break a fast ............................................................................................................................12
People exempted from Fasting in Ramadhaan ......................................................................................................13
Fidya (compensation) for Fasting ...........................................................................................................................13
I’tikaaf .....................................................................................................................................................................14
Types of I’tikaaf ..................................................................................................................................................14
Conditions of I’tikaaf ..........................................................................................................................................14
Actions permitted during I’tikaaf .......................................................................................................................14
Occasion when its permitted to leave the Masjid during I’tikaaf ......................................................................15
What should be done during I’tikaaf? ................................................................................................................15
I’tikaaf for women ..............................................................................................................................................15
Intention for Nafilah (optinal) I’tikaaf ................................................................................................................15
Taraweeh ................................................................................................................................................................16
Sadaqatul Fitr .............................................................................................................................................................18
On whom is Sadaqatul Fitr Waajib? .......................................................................................................................18
When does Sadaqatul Fitr become Waajib? ..........................................................................................................18
Time for discharging Sadaqatul Fitr........................................................................................................................18
Rate (amount) of Sadaqatul Fitr .............................................................................................................................18
The recipients of Sadaqatul Fitr .............................................................................................................................19

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What’s changed?
Over many years of interacting and learning with Muslims (adults and children) I have genuinely felt the
need for a revision of Ta’leemul Haq to keep pace with the ever changing demographics of Muslims in
the West. Historically the followers of Hanafi Madhab in the West have traditionally been migrants from
the Indian-Subcontinent with some knowledge (if not fluency) of the Urdu language and terms such as
Namaz (prayer), Napaak (impure) were generally understood, however due to the new generation of
Muslims growing up in the West (removed from areas of their respective ethnic origins), a great number
of Reverts (Masha’Allah (SWT)) coming into Islam and inter-ethnic marriages the usage of Urdu-centric
terms in a Fiqh manual can prove be difficult to comprehend.

Therefore this is a small attempt to make the text of Ta’leemul Haq easier to learn, teach and
comprehend without compromising the technical aspects of this great treatise which is taught in a large
number of Mosques, Maktabs and Islamic Schools in the West.

Those who prefer the more traditional approach are welcome to either purchase the existing copy of
the book or download an online version (true to its printed roots) from here:

http://www.inter-islam.org/Actions/actionsdex.htm

The Changes made in this version are

1) (SWT) is suffixed to the name of Allah (SWT) as a mark for respect which stands for Subhanuhu
Wa’Tala.

2) The mention of the last Prophet of Islam Muhammad (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) has been
standardised as Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam).

3) (AS) is suffixed to the name of all Prophets as a mark of respect which stands of Alayis-Salam
(Peace be upon him).

4) (RA) is suffixed to the name of all Sahaba (Companions of Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallaho Alaihe
Wassallam) as a mark of respect which stands of RadiAllaho Anho (May Allah (SWT) be pleased
with him) in case of a male and RadiAllaho Anha (May Allah (SWT) be pleased with her) in case of
a female and their respective dual and plural forms in Arabic.

5) (RA) is also suffixed to the name of all Muslims who have passed away as a mark of respect
which stands of Rahmatullahi Alaih (May Allah (SWT)’s Mercy be upon him) in case of a male and
Rahmatullahi Alaiha (May Allah (SWT)’s Mercy be upon her) in case of a female and their
respective dual and plural forms in Arabic.

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 6) All Urdu terms have been translated into Arabic and where necessary defined in the foot-note.

7) Words such as Nabees or Rasools (which were meant to indicate Plural forms of Nabi & Rasool
respectively) have been replaced with their correct Arabic plural forms (Ambiya and Rusul
respectively) as simply attaching an “s” doesn’t indicate the correct usage either in English or
Arabic. These additions are also italicised.

8) Picture of a “Light-Bulb” has been added where a certain text was stressed in the printed version
of Ta’leemul Haq while pictures of a “Gold pot” and “Brick wall with fire” have been used to
indicate reward and loss of it, respectively.

9) Transliteration has been added where necessary and clearly distinguished from translation.

10) In the future Takhreej of Ahadeeth will be added.

Jazakullah Khairun

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The Book of Fasting

Terminologies Introduced1

Term Definition
Fardh (Plural Fara’idh, implies It is an act which is established from Daleel Qat’ii (Absolute proof),
Obligatory) whoever leaves it out without a valid excuse will be termed a Faasiq
(sinner) and will be deserving of punishment and whoever rejects it
will become a Kaafir (unbeliever).
Fidya (Financial Feeding appropriate number of needy persons for designated
Compensation/Ransom) number of times in lieu of each missed Fast.
Halal/Mubah (Permissible) That which is permissible in Shariah and a person won't be punished
on leaving it out. Some Ulama (Scholars) make a distinction
between Halal and Mubah with “Halal” being for which no clear
prohibition has been mentioned, and Mubah is where a choice has
been given.
Haram (Prohibited) The opposite of Halal is Haram and it refers to an action which is
divinely prohibited, established through Daleel Qat’ii (Absolute
proof) and the person carrying it out will be entitled to the
punishment of the (fire of hell). A person who carries this out will be
termed a Faasiq (sinner) and will be deserving of punishment and
whoever rejects it will become a Kaafir (unbeliever).
I’tikaaf (Seclusion) I’tikaaf means to enter the Masjid with the intention of residing
therein.
Kaffarah (Penance, Atonement, In Islamic law it refers to redemption from the omission of certain
Expiation) religious duties by a material donation or a ritual act.
Makrooh Tahreemi It is that which is established with a Daleel Dhanni (Speculative
(Prohibitively Disliked) proof). A person who refuses it will be a Faasiq (sinner), and who
practices upon it will be a sinner. When Makrooh is mentioned
alone it refers to Makrooh Tahreemi.
Makrooh Tanzeehi (Disliked) A person won't be punished for doing it, but will be rewarded for
leaving it out, and it is better to leave it. If the proof is not a clear
prohibition but only a mere suggestion it's Makrooh Tanzeehi.
Mustahab (Plural Mustahabbat, 'It is that action which Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) or
implies Recommended) Sahabah (RA) practiced upon occasionally and by practicing upon it
a person will be rewarded but leaving it out won’t incur a sin.
Mu’takif (Secluded) Mu’takif is the person who makes I’tikaaf (Seclusion).

Naf’l (Plural Nawafil, implies According to the jurists it has a similar ruling to that of Mustahab.
Optional acts of worship)
Qadha (Carrying out or Fulfilling) In Islamic Jurisprudence it refers to fulfilling or completing those
duties that one may have missed due to some reason or the other.

1
http://www.sunniforum.com/forum/showthread.php?30143-halal-mustahab-mubah-Wajib-.....

http://jaamiahamidia.wordpress.com/2007/06/30/the-difference-between-Wajib-and-Fardh-in-the-hanafi-madh-hab/

http://www.as-sidq.org/glossary.html
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Sunnah (Plural Sunan) It refers to the statements, actions and approvals of Rasul-ullah
(Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) and also refers to the actions and
statements of Sahabah (companions). A person will be encouraged
to carry it out without it being imposed on him.
Waajib (Plural Waajibaat, It is that which is established from Daleel Dhanni (Speculative
implies Necessary) proof), whoever leaves it out without a valid excuse will be termed a
Faasiq (sinner) and will be deserving of punishment. Whoever
rejects it will also be a Faasiq (sinner) but not a Kaafir (unbeliever).

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Ramadhaan Overview
 Fasting in the month of Ramadhaan2 is one of the Five pillars of Islam;
 Fasting in the month of Ramadhaan is Fardh (obligatory) upon every Muslim, male and female
who is sane and mature;
 Almighty Allah (SWT) has promised great reward for those that fast whereas severe punishment
is in store for those that do not fast during the month of Ramadhaan;
 Fasting has many physical, moral and social benefits. However, Allah (SWT) has made fasting
compulsory so that we become pious, god fearing and god conscious;
 Fasting in Islam means to stay away from eating, drinking and cohabitation from Subh Sadiq (true
dawn) to sunset with a Niyyah (intention) of fasting;

Virtues of Fasting in Ramadhaan

1. Sayyidina Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) said, "When
the month of Ramadan starts, the gates of the heaven are opened and the gates of Hell are
closed and the devils are chained." 3
2. Sayyidina Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) added, "...By
Him in Whose Hands my soul is, the smell coming out from the mouth of a fasting person is better
in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk..."4
3. Sayyidina Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) said, “Whoever
gives two kinds (of things or property) in charity for Allah's Cause, will be called from the gates of
Paradise and will be addressed, 'O slaves of Allah! Here is prosperity.' So, whoever was amongst
the people who used to offer their prayers, will be called from the gate of the prayer; and
whoever was amongst the people who used to participate in Jihad, will be called from the gate of
Jihad; and whoever was amongst those who used to observe fasts, will be called from the gate of
Ar-Raiyan; whoever was amongst those who used to give in charity, will be called from the gate
of charity." Abu Bakr said, "Let my parents be sacrificed for you, O Allah's Apostle! No distress or
need will befall him who will be called from those gates. Will there be any one who will be called
from all these gates?" The Prophet replied, "Yes, and I hope you will be one of them.5"
4. Sayyidina Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) said, “Whoever
broke even one fast of Ramadan without an excuse or sickness, even if he fasted the whole life
after that it will not compensate what he missed6”
5. Sayyidina Anas (RA) reported that Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) said, "Take Suhoor
(predawn meals) as there is a blessing in it.7"
6. Sayyidina Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) said, “Whoever
established prayers on the night of Qadr out of sincere faith and hoping for a reward from Allah,
then all his previous sins will be forgiven; and whoever fasts in the month of Ramadan out of
sincere faith, and hoping for a reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be forgiven.8"

2
Ramadhaan is the ninth month of the Islamic Calendar which consists of a total of 12 months.
3
Sahih Bukhari
4
Sahih Bukhari
5
Sahih Bukhari
6
Tirmidhi
7
Sahih Bukhari
8
Sahih Bukhari
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Sunan of Fasting
1. To partake in Suhoor or predawn meals.
2. To break Fast immediately after sunset.
3. To read Taraweeh Salah at night.
4. To feed the poor and hungry.
5. To increase the reading of the holy quraan.
6. To observe I’tikaaf within the Masjid during the last ten days of Ramadhaan.

Fasting teaches sympathy for the hungry

Fasting is the only method whereby the pangs of hunger, the ever present companion of the poor, are
experienced by the rich. Thus this experience kindles a spirit of kindness to the poor and distressed. It
also gives rise to the thought of how people will fare on the day of resurrection, when the greatest urge
of hunger and thirst will be felt.

Actions to be generally avoided and specifically during Ramadhaan

1. Don’t speak without purpose.
2. Don’t be vulgar or rude.
3. Don’t be irritable.
4. Don’t tell lies.
5. Don’t backbite.
6. Don’t argue or fight.
7. Don’t be boastful and arrogant.
8. Don’t swear.
9. Don’t eat doubtful food at Iftar (time of opening Fast).
10. Don’t look at undesirable things.
11. Don’t listen to objectionable speech.
12. Don’t gossip.
13. Don’t commit any sins.

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Types of Fasts
There are eight types of fasts, described as follows:

1. Fardh (obligatory) Muaiyyan: Fasting for the whole month of Ramadhaan once a year;
2. Fardh (obligatory) Ghair Muaiyyan: Qadha (make up) fasts for the fasts missed during the
month of Ramadhan with or without a valid reason;
3. Waajib (necessary) Muaiyyan: To vow to keep a fast on a specific day or date for the sake of
Allah (SWT) upon the fulfilment of some wish or desire;
4. Waajib (necessary) Ghair Muaiyyan: To vow to keep a fast for the sake of Allah (SWT) upon the
fulfilment of some wish or desire without fixing a specific day or date. The fasts kept for breaking
an oath also fall into this category;
5. Sunnah: Fasts which were kept by Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) and encourages for others to
keep e.g fasting on the 9th and 10th of Muharram, the 9th of Dhil-Hijjah etc;
6. Mustahab (Preferred): All fasts besides Fardh (obligatory), Waajib (necessary) and Sunnah are
Mustahab (preferred) fasts e.g. fasting on Mondays and Thursdays;
7. Makrooh (disliked): Fasting only on the 9th or only of the 10th of Muharram or fasting only on
Saturdays;
8. Haram (Forbidden): it is Haram to fast on five days during the year and they Eidul-Fitr, Eidul-
Adha and three days after Eidul-Adha;

Types of Fasts:

Fardh Wajib Sunnah: Makrooh

Mustahab Haraam
(obligatory) Wajib (necessary) Fasts which (Disliked):
(Preferred): (Forbidden)
Fardh Ghair (necessary) Ghair were kept Fasting only
All fasts : To fast on
(obligatory) Muaiyyan Muaiyyan Muaiyyan by Rasul- on the 9th
besides five days i.e.
Muaiyyan i.e. Qadha i.e. to vow i.e. to vow ullah or only of
Fardh Eidul-Fitr,
i.e. Fasting (make up) to keep a to keep a (Sallaho the 10th of
(obliagory), Eidul-Adha
in fasts for fast on a fast without Alaihe Muharram
Wajib and three
Ramadhaan missed specific day fixing a Wassallam) or fasting
(necessary) days after
Fasts of or date specific day and only on
and Sunnah Eidul-Adha
Ramadhaan or date encouraged Saturdays

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The Niyyah (Intention) of Fast
 The Niyyah (Intention) of fasting is necessary. Even if a person stays away from all those things
which break a fast without making an intention, the fast will not be valid.
 It is not necessary to express the intention verbally as intention simply means to intend; thus an
intention in the heart will suffice. However, it is better to express the intention verbally :

ُِ‫ىم َغدِ نَّ َىیت‬

ِِ ‫ص‬
ُ ِ‫ب‬
Transliteration: Bi Saumi Ghaddan Nayatu

Translation: I intend to fast tomorrow

 The time for intention lasts up to midday9 for Fardh (obligatory) Muaiyyan, Waajib (necessary)
Muaiyyan, Sunnah or Mustahab (preferred) fasts with the hours of fasting being from Subh Sadiq
(true dawn) until sunset.
 The intention for Fardh (obligatory) Ghair Muaiyyan and Waajib (necessary) Ghair Muaiyyan
should be made before Subh Sadiq (true dawn)

Dua (invocation) at the time of opening Fast

ُِ‫ک اَفطَرت‬
َِ ِ‫ک ٓا َهنتُِ َو َع ٓلی ِرزق‬
َِ ِ‫صوتُِ َِو ب‬ َِ َ‫اللَّ ُه َِّن ل‬
ُ ‫ک‬
Transliteration: Allah (SWT)umma Laka Sumtu Wa Bika Aamantu Wa-Ala Rizqika Aftartu

Translation: O Allah (SWT)! I fasted (exclusively) for you and I belived (exclusively) in You (SWT) and I
opened my fast with the susenecace provided by You (SWT).

9
This is calculated from Subh Sadiq (true dawn) until sunrise so Mid-day as referred here is actually earlier then Zawal and in
Fiqh this time is called “Ad-Dahwatul-Kubra”.
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Mustahabbat (Preferred Acts) of Fasting
 To partake in the Suhoor (the meal before true dawn i.e. starting of fast);
 To delay the Suhoor until little before true dawn i.e. starting of fast;
 To break/open fast immediately after the sunset;
 To break/open fast with dry or fresh dates or with water if dates are not available;
 To make intention at night;

Makroohat (Disliked Acts) of fasting

 To chew gum, rubber, plastic item or other such things;
 To taste any article of food or drink and spit it out. However if a woman has a very ill-tempered
husband, it is permissible for her to taste the food provided it does not go down her throat;
 To collect saliva in the mouth and then to swallow it trying to quench thirst;
 To delay a bath which has become Fardh (obligatory) knowingly until after Subh Sadiq (true dawn
i.e. starting of fast);
 To use (tooth) paste or (tooth) powder to clean teeth. it is permitted to clean with a
Siwaak/Miswaak of any fresh branch or (tooth stick);
 To complain of hunger and thirst;
 To take the water way up the nostrils when cleaning the nose;
 To gargle more than what is necessary;
 To quarrel, argue, use filthy or indecent words;
 Tto backbite, tell a lie and swear etc. which are all sinful acts even outside of fasting but become
even worse when fasting;

Actions which break a fast

Actions which break a fast are of two kinds:

1. Qadha: To keep one fast in place of the of the fast which was broken (unintentionally)
2. Kaffarah: To keep fasts continuously (one after another) for sixty days

However, if a person is unable to keep these 60 fasts for valid reasons e.g. continuous sickness, then one
has the option of choosing from one of the following four:

1. Feed sixty poor people to their fill for two meals

2. Feed one poor person two meals a day for sixty days
3. Give 60 poor persons 3 ½ lbs (approximately 1.6 kg) of wheet or its value in cash or food grains
4. Give one poor person 3 ½ lbs (approximately 1.6 kg) of wheet or its value in cash or food grains
for sixty days.

Actions which break a fast but only necessitate Qadha

 Anything put by force into the mouth of a fasting person;
 Water goes down the throat whilst gargling, conscious of one's fasting;
 To vomit mouthful intentionally or to return vomit down the throat;
 Swallowing intentionally a pebble, piece of paper or any item that is not used as food or
medicine;

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  Swallowing something edible, equal to or bigger than a grain of gram which was stuck
between the teeth. However if it was first taken out of the mouth and swallowed, it will
break the fast whether it is smaller or bigger than the size of a gram;
 Putting oil into the ear(s);
 Inhaling snuff into the nostrils;
 Swallowing the blood from the gums and if the colour of the blood is prominent and
more than saliva with which it was mixed;
 To eat and drink forgetting that one is fasting and then eating and drinking again thinking
that the fast is broken;
 To eat and drink after Subh Sadiq (true dawn i.e. starting of fast). or to break the fast
before sunset due to cloudy skies or a faulty watch etc. and then realising the error;

 Any fasts other than Ramadhan whether broken unintentionally or intentionally

(i.e. with a good and valid reason) only make Qadha necessary and no Kaffarah is
needed;

Actions which break a fast and necessitate both Qadha and Kaffarah
 Eating, drinking or breaking the fast in any other manner e.g. smoking, without a valid reason will
make both Qadha and Kaffarah necessary;
 Applying Kuhl (Surma, Antimony, Collyrium) into the eyes or rubbing oil on the head and then
thinking that the fast is broken and then to eat and drink intentionally;
 To drink any kind of medicine intentionally;

 Injections are permitted and don’t break the fast;

Actions which don’t break a fast

 To eat or drink something unintentionally;
 A mosquito, fly or any other object going down the throat unintentionally;
 Water entering the ears;
 Dust or dirt going down the throat;
 Swallowing own saliva;
 Taking an injection;
 Applying of Kuhl (Surma, Antimony, Collyrium) into the eyes;
 Taking a bath to keep cool;
 Rubbing oil onto the body or hair;
 To vomit unintentionally;
 Applying itr or perfume. However, it is not permitted to inhale the smoke of Lobaan (resinous
incense) or Agarbatti (incense) while fasting and it is also not permitted to smoke cigarettes or
inhale its smoke;
 Brushing the teeth without tooth paste or powder e.g. using a Siwaak/Miswaak10;
11
 A dream which makes Ghusl Waajib (necessary);

10
A natural tooth stick to clean the mouth with.
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People exempted from Fasting in Ramadhaan
 Sick people when their health is likely to be badly affected by fasting. They should make up the
loss, a day for a day, when they recover after Ramadhaan;
 A Musaafir (traveller). However, it is better for him to fast in Ramadhaan than keep Qadha later,
provided the journey is not a tiresome one;

 In Shariah a person who intends to travel a distance of 77 KM’s (48 miles) or more is called
a Musaafir;
 When it is feared that hunger or thirst will lead to death, it is permitted to break the fast;
 It is Waajib (necessary) to keep Qadha of a Nafl (optional) fast which was broken before
completing it;

Fidya (compensation) for Fasting

 A very old person who does not have the strength to fast or a very sickly or diseased person who
has no hope of recovering after Ramadhaan should give Fidya (compensation) for each fast
he/she missed in Ramadhaan;
 The Fidya for a fast is similar to that of a missed Fardh (obligatory) or Waajib (necessary) Salah
which is to give 3 ½ lbs (approximately 1.6 KG) of wheat or its value in cash or food grains.
However, if an old or sick person recovers and gains strength of fast then he/she must keep fasts
(for the ones which were missed) and whatever was given in Fidya will be a reward from Allah
(SWT);
 No one is allowed to fast for another (sick or fit healthy) person;
 Children should be encouraged to fast, but should not be forced to complete the fast until sunset
if they are unable to bear the hunger;

11
Ritual Bathing in Islam intended to remove Najaasah (impurity) which is Hukmi (which cannot be seen) i.e. after engaging
in sexual act etc.
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I’tikaaf
I’tikaaf means to enter the Masjid with the intention of residing therein and the Mu’takif is the person
who makes I’tikaaf.

Types of I’tikaaf
1. Waajib (necessary): To vow or pledge to make I’tikaaf (on a fixed day) for the sake of Allah
(SWT) upon the fulfilment of some wish or desire. The least duration of a Waajib I’tikaaf is one
day and night and it must be accompanied by a fast.
2. Sunnah Muakidda: To reside the last ten nights and days of Ramadhaan in the Masjid is Sunnah
Muadkidda alal Kifayyah i.e. if a person from the community fulfils the obligation of I’tikaaf the
entire community will be absolved of this sacred duty, otherwise all the residents will be sinful of
neglecting this Sunnah of our Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam).
3. Mustahab (preferred) or Nafl (optional): This I’tikaaf can be for any amount of time, even for a
few minutes with no fast being conditional for Mustahab (preferred) or Nafl (optional) I’tikaaf.

Types of I’tikaaf:

Sunnah
Mustahab
Wajib Muakidda:
(preferred)
(Necessary): To reside
or Nafl
To vow or the last ten
(optional):
pledge to nights and
This I’tikaaf
make I’tikaaf days of
can be for
(on a fixed Ramadhaan
any amount
day) in the
of time
Masjid

Conditions of I’tikaaf
1. Islam.
2. Sanity i.e. a person should not be mador insane.
3. Taharah i.e. to be free to Hadath Al-Akbar12.
4. Intention.

Actions permitted during I’tikaaf

1. Eating.
2. Sleeping.
3. Discussing matters of deen or necessary talk.
4. It is Makrooh (disliked) to observe complete silence as a form of Ibaadah (worship).
12
Defilement due to engagement in Sexual Activity or ending of menstrual cycle or post-natal bleeding etc, requires Ghusl
(Ritual Bath).
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Occasion when its permitted to leave the Masjid during I’tikaaf
1. For Waajib (necessary) Ghusl.
2. For Wudhu.
3. To answer the call of nature (toilet).

Leaving the Masjid without a valid Shariah reason will nullify the I’tikaaf.

What should be done during I’tikaaf?

1. A Mu’takif should engage himself in acts of worship.
2. Recital of the Holy Qur’aan, Nafilah (optional) Salah and Dhikr (Remembrance of Allah (SWT)).
3. Salat Alan-Nabi (Durood Shareef or Salutations upon Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam)) and
Istighfaar (seeking repentance and forgiveness).
4. Dhikr (Remembrance of Allah (SWT)).
5. Learn or teach the knowledge of Deen (religion i.e. Islam)

I’tikaaf for women

 A woman should perform I’tikaaf in her home at the place where she performs her daily Salah or
any suitable place.

Intention for Nafilah (optinal) I’tikaaf

ِ‫سج ِد‬ َِ ‫اف لِلّ ِِه َع َّس َو َج َِّل َها ُد‬

ِ ‫هت فِی ال َو‬ ِ ُِ‫نَّ َىیت‬
َِ ‫االعتِ َک‬
Transliteration: Nawaitul I’tikaaf Lillahi Azza Wajalla Ma Dumtu Fil Masjidi

Translation: I Intend making I’tikaaf for Allah (SWT) until I remain in the Masjid

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Taraweeh
 Taraweeh Salah is Sunnah Muadkidda13 for both men and women;
 To perform Taraweeh with congregation is Sunnah Muadkidda for men;
 If a person performs Taraweeh at home whilst Taraweeh is being performed at the Masjid, he
will not be sinful. However, if all the neighbours perform their Taraweeh alone at home, then all
will be sinful because of neglecting the congregation;
 The time for Taraweeh is from after Esha Salah to a little before Subh Sadiq (true dawn i.e.
starting of fast), it can be performed before and after the Wit’r14 Salah;
 If one has missed a few Rakaah of Taraweeh and the imam has commenced the Wit’r Salah then
this Muqtadi (follower) may join for the Wit’r Salah and complete the remainder of his Taraweeh
thereafter;
 20 Rakaah with 10 Salaams are Sunnah i.e. one should have an intention for 2 Rakaah of
Taraweeh each time;
 After every four Rakaah of Taraweeh it is Mustahab (preferred) to sit for a while and take a rest;
 One may remain silent or recite the Qur’aan or Tasbih in a low voice or say Nafl Salah separately
during the period of rest after every four Rak'aah;
 It’s Makrooh (disliked) to perform Taraweeh sitting if one has the strength of Qiyam (standing);
 While performing Taraweeh some do not join the congregation from the beginning but join the
Imam when he prepares to go into Ruku is Makrooh (disliked);
 If one does not get the congregation for Fardh (obligatory) Salah, he should perform his Fardh
(obligatory) Salah first and then join the congregation for Taraweeh;

13
A practise which was always carried out by Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam).
14
Three units of Prayer performed after performing the Obligatory Esha Salah. Wit’r is performed individually year round
except for Ramadhaan when it is performed with congregation after Taraweeh prayers.
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Sadaqatul Fitr

On whom is Sadaqatul Fitr Waajib?

Sadaqatul Fitr is Waajib upon one who possesses so much that Zakah15 is due on him.
A person (on whom Zakah is not due) possesses items more than his daily needs (for the purpose of
trade or otherwise). The value of these items adds up to the Nisaab16 (amount for Zakah being Waajib).
Sadaqatul Fitr will be Waajib on a person as well, even though a whole year may not have passed on
such items.

A person should discharge his Sadaqatul Fitr in respect of himself and all those who are dependent upon
him like his wife and his minor children (who do not possess any wealth), where they do posses wealth
then Sadaqatul Fitr may be given from their wealth.

It is not Waajib to give Sadaqatul Fitr on behalf of a child born on the day of Eid (after the time of Fajr
sets in).

It is not Waajib to give Sadaqatul Fitr on behalf of one's mature children; however one may pay it on
behalf of an insane child.

One upon whom Sadaqatul Fitr is Waajib, must discharge this duty whether he has observed the fasts of
Ramadhaan or not. Sadaqatul Fitr is not Waajib on one for whom it is permissible to take Zakah and
Sadaqatul Fitr.

When does Sadaqatul Fitr become Waajib?

Sadaqatul Fitr becomes Waajib on the day of Eid as the time of Fajr17 Salah arrives. If a person dies
before the time of Fajr Salah, Sadaqatul Fitr will not be Waajib upon him and it should not be taken or
paid nor paid from his property.

Time for discharging Sadaqatul Fitr

It is better to give Sadaqatul Fitr before reaching the location for Eid Salah, if not then it can be given
before the Eid Salah.

If one discharges this duty before the day of Eid, i.e. during Ramadhaan, the duty will be regarded as
discharged and will not have to be repeated.

If one did not give Sadaqatul Fitr on Eid day, he will not be absolved of this duty and it needs tobe given
on a subsequent day.

Rate (amount) of Sadaqatul Fitr

The following could be given as Sadaqatul Fitr:

 0.5 Saa'18 wheat, flour, bran or raisins;

 1 Saa' dates or barley;

15
Fourth pillar of Islam, obligatory charity upon a Muslim who possesses stipulated amount of wealth in Islamic Shariah.
16
Stipulated amount of wealth in Islamic Shariah which obligates Zakah.
17
Obligatory prayer on a Muslim which is prayed between Subh Sadiq (true dawn) and sunrise.
18
1 Saa equals approximately 3.288 KG
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  The equivalent of either one in cash kind;

The recipients of Sadaqatul Fitr

The recipients of Sadaqatul Fitr are the same as that of Zakah. Further, the Sadaqatul Fitr of one person
be given to just one rightful recipient or be distributed between a few recipients Sadaqatul Fitr. It is also
permissible that the Sadaqatul Fitr of a group of people be collectively given to just individual (recipient
of Sadaqatul Fitr).

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