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-: INTRODUCTION:-
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surfacing so many years after the first unit was built. Some
models have a second cylinder and sizes can be adjusted at the
design stage to increase the range of applications and uses.
Years ago, it was common for shops to have a central power
source that drove all the tools through a system of belts,
wheels and driveshafts. The power was routed around the work
space by mechanical means. While the belts and shafts may be
gone, many shops still use a mechanical system to move power
around the shop. It's based on the energy stored in air that's
under pressure, and the heart of the system is the air
compressor.
The big advantage of air power is that each tool doesn't need
its own bulky motor. Instead, a single motor on the compressor
converts the electrical energy into kinetic energy. This makes
for light, compact, easy-to-handle tools that run quietly and
have fewer parts that wear out.
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At the top of the cylinder, you'll find a valve head that holds the
inlet and discharge valves. Both are simply thin metal flaps–
one mounted underneath and one mounted on top of the valve
plate. As the piston moves down, a vacuum is created above it.
This allows outside air at atmospheric pressure to push open
the inlet valve and fill the area above the piston. As the piston
moves up, the air above it compresses, holds the inlet valve
shut and pushes the discharge valve open. The air moves from
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the discharge port to the tank. With each stroke, more air
enters the tank and the pressure rises.
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cylinder walls as the crank rotates. The pistons have rings that
help keep the compressed air on top of the piston and keep the
lubricating oil away from the air. Rings, though, are not
completely effective, so some oil will enter the compressed air
in aerosol form.
Having oil in the air isn't necessarily a problem. Many air tools
require oiling, and inline oilers are often added to increase a
uniform supply to the tool. On the down side, these models
require regular oil checks, periodic oil changes and they must
be operated on a level surface. Most of all, there are some tools
and situations that require oilfree air. Spray painting with oil in
the airstream will cause finish problems. And many new
woodworking air tools such as nailers and sanders are designed
to be oilfree so there's no chance of fouling wood surfaces with
oil. While solutions to the airborne oil problem include using an
oil separator or filter in the air line, a better idea is to use an
oilfree compressor that uses permanently lubricated bearings
in place of the oil bath.
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~:Compressor power:~
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You also may run across a rating called displacement cfm. This
figure is the product of cylinder displacement and motor rpm.
In comparison with scfm, it provides an index of compressor
pump efficiency.
The cfm and psi ratings are important because they indicate
the tools that a particular compressor can drive. When
choosing a compressor, make sure it can supply the amount of
air and the pressure that your tools need.
Air Compressors
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Graph of
Pressure
against
volume in a
reciprocating
compressor
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Crankcase lubrication
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Rotary Compressor
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Rotary/reciprocating Compressor
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Safety Valve
Materials
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and
(P1/P2).(T2/T1) = (V2/V1)
P1.V1g = P2.V2g
and
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Pf = 5 bar
Tinitial = 300 K we end with final temperatures for the
two compression's of
T1= 617 K and T2 = 475 K
from the graph it can be clearly seen that losses due to
the bump clearance has increased and the period of
constant pressure delivery has been reduced.
Coolers
• Plain Tube-
o -easy to clean
o -very effective due to large surface area of large
number small diameter tubes
o -plugging of failed tube allos cooler to continue in
service with little loss in efficiency
o -must allow for thermal expansion by having one
tube plate floating
• 'U' tube-
o -suitable for higher pressures than plain tube
o -self compensating for thermal expansion
o -efficent due to large nomber small diameter tubes
o -failed tubes may be plugged
o -more expensive than plain tube and diificult to clean
• Coil tube
o -self compensating for expansion
o -suitable for high pressures
o -difficult to clean
o -inefficicent due to large tube diameter
o - not easy to plug
o -expensive
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Reciprocating Compressor
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Screw Compressor
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Reciprocating Compressor
ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES
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Reciprocating Compressor
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Cycle of operation
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So how it happens?
Isothermal
Compression
During the process of compression, whatever heat produced is
taken away by a cooling medium. In other words, it is the
compression , keeping temperature of the gas constant. For a
process to be isothermal, the process must be very slow, which
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Adiabatic Compression
Whatever heat produced during compression is kept inside the
gas only, or heat transfer is zero in an adiabatic compression.
For a perfect adiabatic process, process must be very fast. All
the thermodynamic process resembles adiabatic process. It can
be seen from the indicator card that, work of compression is
maximum in adiabatic compression.
Also,
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Now the only way to make the compression more isothermal is,
by dividing the process to a number of stages. Between every
stage inter cooling of gas is done. Hence the work can be
saved substantially. Refer the diagrams below.
Reference :
http://www.popularmechanics.com
http://www.essortment.com
http:// wikipedia.com
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