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®

Aspen Hydrotreater
2004.1 User Guide
Version 2004.1
April 2005
Copyright (c) 1981-2005 by Aspen Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.

AspenTech®, Aspen Engineering Suite, Aspen FCC®, Aspen Hydrocracker®, Aspen Hydrotreater, Aspen
CatRef®, Aspen Rxfinery, the aspen leaf logo, and Plantelligence® are trademarks or registered trademarks of
Aspen Technology, Inc., Cambridge, MA.

BATCHFRAC and RATEFRAC are trademarks of Koch Engineering Company, Inc.

All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

This manual is intended as a guide to using AspenTech's software. This documentation contains AspenTech
proprietary and confidential information and may not be disclosed, used, or copied without the prior consent of
AspenTech or as set forth in the applicable license agreement. Users are solely responsible for the proper use of the
software and the application of the results obtained.

Although AspenTech has tested the software and reviewed the documentation, the sole warranty for the software
may be found in the applicable license agreement between AspenTech and the user. ASPENTECH MAKES NO
WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS
DOCUMENTATION, ITS QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Corporate
Aspen Technology, Inc.
Ten Canal Park
Cambridge, MA 02141-2201
USA
Phone: (1) (617) 949-1000
Fax: (1) (617) 949-1030
URL: http://www.aspentech.com
Contents
Introduction 1-1
Hydrotreater Overview .................................................................................................... 1-1
Online Technical Support Center..................................................................................... 1-1
Phone and E-mail............................................................................................................. 1-2
Introduction to Aspen HYT ............................................................................................. 1-3
The Aspen HYT Engine................................................................................................... 1-3
Equation-Oriented Modeling ........................................................................................... 1-4
Pressure Drop Model Example ........................................................................................ 1-5
Model Specifications and Degrees-of-Freedom .............................................................. 1-5
Modes and Multi-Mode Specifications............................................................................ 1-7
Measurements and Parameters......................................................................................... 1-7
Changing Specifications with Specification Options ...................................................... 1-8
Optimization .................................................................................................................... 1-9

Using Aspen HYT 2-1


Starting Aspen Hydrotreater for the First Time............................................................... 2-1
Resetting the Aspen Plus Connection .............................................................................. 2-4
Exiting Aspen HYT ......................................................................................................... 2-5
General Guidelines for Using the Excel Interface ........................................................... 2-5
Saving and Loading Data Files ........................................................................................ 2-6
Loading Data Files............................................................................................... 2-7

The User Interface 3-1


The Sheets of the User Interface...................................................................................... 3-1
Flow Diagram Sheet ............................................................................................ 3-2
Feed System ......................................................................................................... 3-2
Reaction Section .................................................................................................. 3-3
Separation Section ......................................................................................... 3-3
Buttons on the Flow Diagram Sheet .............................................................. 3-4
Process Overview Button............................................................................... 3-5
Reactor Profiles Button.................................................................................. 3-5
Specification Options Button......................................................................... 3-6
Feeds Button .................................................................................................. 3-6
R1 Button ....................................................................................................... 3-7
R2 Button ....................................................................................................... 3-7
HTR Button.................................................................................................... 3-8
Save to Prior Button....................................................................................... 3-8

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide iii


H2 Streams Button......................................................................................... 3-9
H2 Balance Button......................................................................................... 3-9
Yields Button ............................................................................................... 3-10
Hidden Worksheets........................................................................................................ 3-11
Command Line Window................................................................................................ 3-12
Overview............................................................................................................ 3-12
Abort Button ...................................................................................................... 3-13
No Creep Button ................................................................................................ 3-13
Close Residuals Button ...................................................................................... 3-14
Close Button....................................................................................................... 3-14
Manual Access to the Command Line Window ................................................ 3-14
Toolbar and Menu.......................................................................................................... 3-15
Startup Aspen HYT Submenu ........................................................................... 3-15
Overview...................................................................................................... 3-15
Connect Dialog Box..................................................................................... 3-16
Startup Options Dialog Box......................................................................... 3-18
File Submenu ..................................................................................................... 3-19
Load Case Data ............................................................................................ 3-19
Save Case Data ............................................................................................ 3-20
Load User Input Sheet ................................................................................. 3-20
Save User Input Sheet.................................................................................. 3-20
Setup Cases Submenu ........................................................................................ 3-21
Run Cases Submenu .......................................................................................... 3-21
Tools Submenu .................................................................................................. 3-22
Development Tools Submenu............................................................................ 3-22
Help Submenu.................................................................................................... 3-23
Exit Aspen HYT ................................................................................................ 3-23

Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver 4-1


Introduction to the Equation-Oriented Solver.................................................................. 4-1
Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP) ..................................................................... 4-1
Changing EO Solver Parameters ..................................................................................... 4-3
Basic EO Solver Parameters ............................................................................................ 4-3
EO Solver Output to the Command Window .................................................................. 4-4
EO Solver Log Files......................................................................................................... 4-5
ATSLV File Problem Information................................................................................... 4-5
ATSLV Details ................................................................................................................ 4-6
Basic Iteration Information .................................................................................. 4-6
Largest Unscaled Residuals ................................................................................. 4-6
Constrained Variables.......................................................................................... 4-7
General Iteration Information .............................................................................. 4-8
Nonlinearity Ratios .............................................................................................. 4-8
Usage Notes ..................................................................................................................... 4-9
Usage Notes-General ........................................................................................... 4-9
Bounds ........................................................................................................... 4-9
Independent Variables ................................................................................. 4-10

iv Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Dealing With Infeasible Solutions ..................................................................... 4-10
Scaling................................................................................................................ 4-12
Dealing With Singularities................................................................................. 4-12
Notes on Variable Bounding.............................................................................. 4-13
Run-Time Intervention....................................................................................... 4-14

Model Parameterization 5-1


Introduction to Model Parameterization .......................................................................... 5-1
Flow Diagram Sheet ........................................................................................................ 5-1
Product Properties................................................................................................ 5-1
Model View and Specification Through the Flow............................................... 5-3
Model Specifications ........................................................................................... 5-4
Strategy for Process Specification ................................................................. 5-4
Feed and Product Analysis............................................................................. 5-4
Material Balance and Yields Calculation ...................................................... 5-8
Key Operating Data ..................................................................................... 5-13
Catalyst Properties/Data............................................................................... 5-14
Unit Mechanical Data (Initial tuning only).................................................. 5-14
Pricing Information (for Optimization Cases) ............................................. 5-14
Recycle Stream Data.................................................................................... 5-14
Running a Parameterization Case .................................................................................. 5-14
Reconciliation Cases...................................................................................................... 5-16

Simulation 6-1
Introduction to Simulation ............................................................................................... 6-1
AspenHYT Simulation Strategy ...................................................................................... 6-1
Commonly-Used Scripts in the EB Script Language ...................................................... 6-3
AspenHYT Variable Specifications................................................................................. 6-3
Model CONST Specifications ............................................................................. 6-3
FEED Section................................................................................................. 6-3
RXN Section - Operating............................................................................... 6-4
RXN Section - Kinetics ................................................................................. 6-5
PRODSP Section ......................................................................................... 6-10
Model Tuning Facts with Specifications ........................................................... 6-11
Model Tuning Facts with Specifications-Introduction ................................ 6-11
Reaction Rate Tuning Strategy .................................................................... 6-11
Feed Property Tuning .................................................................................. 6-11
Separation Model Tuning ............................................................................ 6-12
Alternatives to Model Running Mode ......................................................... 6-12
Flow Sheet Changes........................................................................................... 6-14
Flow Sheet Changes - Introduction.............................................................. 6-14
Reaction Section Change ............................................................................. 6-14
Separation Section Change .......................................................................... 6-15
Feed Specification Change .......................................................................... 6-16
Running a Simulation Case................................................................................ 6-16
Introduction.................................................................................................. 6-16

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide v


Error Recovery............................................................................................. 6-17
Error Recovery............................................................................................................... 6-18
Error Recovery - Parameterization .............................................................. 6-18

Running Multiple Cases 7-1


Overview.......................................................................................................................... 7-1
Before You Start .............................................................................................................. 7-1

Optimization 8-1
Optimization Basics ......................................................................................................... 8-1
Setting Up Objective Functions ....................................................................................... 8-3
Setting Up An Optimization ............................................................................................ 8-9
Executing Optimization Cases....................................................................................... 8-12
Analyzing Optimization Solutions................................................................................. 8-14

LP Vectors 9-1
Overview.......................................................................................................................... 9-1
Purpose of Running LP Vectors ...................................................................................... 9-1
LP Vector Generation ...................................................................................................... 9-2

Reaction Kinetics Details 10-1


Overview........................................................................................................................ 10-1
Component Slate............................................................................................................ 10-1
Kinetic Framework ........................................................................................................ 10-6
Reaction Pathways ............................................................................................. 10-6

Simplified Separation Model 11-1


Simplified Separation Model ......................................................................................... 11-1

Index 11-1

vi Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Hydrotreater Overview
Aspen Hydrotreater is a simulation system for monitoring,
planning, and optimizing hydrocracking and hydrotreating units.
Aspen Hydrotreater is a member of the AspenTech new generation
of refinery reactor models. Aspen Hydrotreater accurately predicts
yields and product properties for widely different feedstocks and
operating conditions. An Aspen Hydrotreater flowsheet simulates
all sections of the hydrotreating unit. It can include simplified or
vigorous fractionation models.

Online Technical Support Center


AspenTech customers with a valid license and software
maintenance agreement can register to access the Online
Technical Support Center at:
http://support.aspentech.com

You use the Online Technical Support Center to:


• Access current product documentation.
• Search for technical tips, solutions, and frequently asked
questions (FAQs).
• Search for and download application examples.
• Search for and download service packs and product
updates.
• Submit and track technical issues.
• Search for and review known limitations.
• Send suggestions.
Registered users can also subscribe to our Technical Support
e-Bulletins. These e-Bulletins proactively alert you to important
technical support information such as:
• Technical advisories

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Introduction • 1-1


• Product updates
• Service Pack announcements
• Product release announcements

Phone and E-mail


Customer support is also available by phone, fax, and e-mail
for customers who have a current support contract for their
product(s). Toll-free charges are listed where available;
otherwise local and international rates apply.
For the most up-to-date phone listings, please see the Online
Technical Support Center at:
http://support.aspentech.com

Support Centers Operating Hours


North America 8:00 – 20:00 Eastern time
South America 9:00 – 17:00 Local time
Europe 8:30 – 18:00 Central European time
Asia and Pacific Region 9:00 – 17:30 Local time

1-2 • Introduction Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Introduction to Aspen HYT
Aspen HYT consists of a client and a server. The client, or user
interface, is built from Microsoft Excel spreadsheets customized
with VBA code and macros. The client and server communicate
through DCOM. This communication should be transparent, and
you do not have to understand how it works in order to use Aspen
HYT. If the communication software fails, contact Aspen Tech.
While your primary interaction with Aspen HYT will be through
the user interface, you need a basic understanding of how the
server works in order to effectively use and troubleshoot the
model. The server has several components:
• The engine (also known as the kernel or command prompt).
• The solver (DMO) .
• The model, which is built as a custom Aspen Plus model using
the PML (Process Model Library) system.

The Aspen HYT Engine


The Aspen HYT engine is Aspen Plus 2004.1. You do not need to
be an Aspen Plus expert to use Aspen HYT – this section covers
the most important concepts.
The first time the engine is used during an Aspen HYT session is
when the user interface connects to the server. This brings up a
command prompt window in which you will see the invoke
plant.ebs command, which tells the engine to open several data
files and build the model in the computer memory. The command
prompt disappears when the kernel finishes building the model.
The engine is also used whenever you request a solution from the
user interface. Any changes you have made to data values or model
specifications (via specification options) are passed through
DCOM from the client to the server. The command prompt
window appears and you will see a stream of kernel commands
going to the engine. These commands tell the engine:
• What mode of solution is required.
• What solver settings should be used.
There are different sequences of commands for different types of
solutions (parameter, simulation, optimization, reconciliation, case
study, LP vector generation, and so on.). You can look at the
default command sequences on the EB Script sheet on the user
interface. The default command sequences are all that is necessary

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Introduction • 1-3


for running the model in any of the pre-configured solution modes,
but advanced users can modify them.
During a solve, you will see three buttons on the bottom of the
command prompt window. These are labeled Abort, No Creep,
and Close Residuals. You use them to interrupt the solver. The
Abort button tells the solver to quit at the next opportunity.
The engine is also used whenever case data is stored or retrieved.
The user interface typically contains only the results of the most
recent run of each solution type. The save/load case data options
let you save the results of any number of previous runs to review
or use later. This user interface option is implemented using the
kernel commands read varfile from and write varfile to. You can
see these commands in the command prompt while it is active, or
you can recall the command prompt using the user interface menu
option AspenHYT | Tools | Display Command Line to review
the previous commands.

Equation-Oriented Modeling
Aspen HYT is based on an equation-oriented (EO) formulation, so
you need to understand some EO concepts in order to use it
effectively. The EO approach is also known as open-form. It can
be contrasted with the closed-form or sequential-modular (SM)
technique.
The equations in an EO model are solved simultaneously using an
external solver, which iteratively manipulates the values of the
model variables until all the equations are satisfied within a
convergence tolerance. The solver will work for any well-posed set
of variable specifications. A variable’s specification labels it as
• known (fixed)
-or-
• unknown (calculated)
for a given solution mode. An SM model is solved procedurally
one equation at a time, and the solution procedure depends on a
given specification set. For a different grouping of known and
unknown variables the solution procedure will be different, since
the equations will be solved in a different order.

1-4 • Introduction Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Pressure Drop Model Example
A simple example illustrates some important EO concepts.
Consider this two-equation model, in which the pressure drop is
correlated with the square of the mass flow of a fluid:
Pressure drop DELTAP = PRES_PARAM * MASS_FLOW^2
correlation:
Define pressure drop: DELTAP = PRES_IN – PRES_OUT
In an EO formulation, we rearrange these equations into residual
format. The value of the residual indicates how close that is to
being solved – at the solution the value of every residual will be
zero, or at least close enough to zero to satisfy our numerical
convergence tolerance.
f(1) = DELTAP - PRES_PARAM * MASS_FLOW^2 (= 0 at
solution)
f(2) = PRES_IN - PRES_OUT - DELTAP (= 0 at
solution)
Note that f is the name of the vector of residuals. Its length equals
the number of equations. The solver prefers to work with vectors
and equation index numbers, while we find it easier to use equation
names. The model defines names for each residual that can be used
in reports and solver debugging output. In this case, we choose the
names:
f(1) = ESTIMATE_DELTAP
f(2) = DELTAP_DEFINITION
Similarly, the five variables in this model can also be addressed as
elements of a vector x having a length of 5:
x(1) = DELTAP
x(2) = PRES_IN
x(3) = PRES_OUT
x(4) = PRES_PARAM
x(5) = MASS_FLOW

Model Specifications and Degrees-of-


Freedom
Once we tell the solver which variables are known (fixed) for a
given solution mode, it manipulates the values of the unknown
(free) variables to drive the residuals to zero. For any system of
independent equations, the degrees-of-freedom (DOF) is equal to
the number of variables minus the number of equations minus the
number of fixed variables:
DOF = #variables - #equations - #fixed variables
The number of degrees-of-freedom of a system classifies it into
one of three categories:

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Introduction • 1-5


Category Degrees of Freedom
Under >0
specified
Square 0
Over specified <0
Aspen HYT modes are either under specified or square. Over
specified problems are not allowed in Aspen HYT.
Aspen HYT Category
Mode
Optimization Under specified
Reconciliation Under specified
Simulation Square
Parameter Square
Case Study Square
LP Vector Square
The pressure drop example has five variables and two equations,
so we must fix three variables to create a square system.
Furthermore, we cannot fix any arbitrary set of three variables. If
all variables within one equation are either explicitly or implicitly
fixed, the problem is not well posed, as the solver can no longer
manipulate any variable to reduce that equation’s residual. Such an
incorrect set of specifications will cause a structural singularity in
the solver. However, Aspen HYT is designed so that if you use the
standard specification options provided in the user interface you
will not create a structurally singular system.
Here are some specification attempts for the pressure drop
example:
Fix DELTAP, PRES_OUT: under specified - only acceptable for an
optimization case with
proper selection of independent variables.
Fix DELTAP, PRES_OUT, PRES_IN, MASS_FLOW: over specified!
Fix DELTAP, PRES_OUT, PRES_IN:
f(1) = DELTAP - PRES_PARAM * MASS_FLOW^2
(fix) (free) (free)
f(2) = PRES_IN - PRES_OUT – DELTAP
(fix) (fix) (fix)
Square, but not well posed (structurally singular) – all variables in
residual 2 are fixed! If you compare this to the over specified
example, you can see that over specification is not allowed since it
always leads to a structurally singular system.
Fix PRES_IN, PRES_PARAM, MASS_FLOW:
f(1) = DELTAP - PRES_PARAM * MASS_FLOW^2
(free) (fix) (fix)
f(2) = PRES_IN - PRES_OUT – DELTAP
(fix) (free) (free)

1-6 • Introduction Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Square and well posed – a valid specification set. Note that there
are other valid specification sets, such as PRES_IN, PRES_OUT,
and MASS_FLOW.

Modes and Multi-Mode Specifications


In different situations we may want to use different sets of fixed
and free variable specifications.
Each set of variable specifications is a solution mode. One of the
strengths of the EO approach is that the same model formulation
and solver are used for all the modes. Although there are many
possible modes, Aspen HYT is configured for three basic modes:
The Process Details, ParamData and Optimize sheets in Aspen
HYT correspond to those three modes. Case study and LP vector
generation are also simulation modes.
• Case study is simply a series of simulations with the same
specifications, but different values for key fixed variables.
• LP vector generation is a simulation run followed by a
sensitivity analysis. The independent and dependent variables
you choose for vector generation must correspond to fixed and
free variables in the simulation mode.
The Aspen HYT user interface examines the current model
specifications and lets you choose only proper independent and
dependent variables.
In order to label how each variable behaves in the various modes,
multi-mode specifications are assigned. A variable that is fixed in
every mode is called a CONST, while variables that are free in
every mode are called CALC.
For example, in Aspen HYT, the reactor vessel diameter is usually
a CONST because its value is not calculated in any mode, while
the catalyst weight of each reactor bed is usually a CALC because
the model calculates its value from other information.

Measurements and Parameters


While many variables have CONST or CALC specifications,
there are other variables whose behavior changes between modes.
A MEAS variable is fixed in the parameter-fitting (tuning) mode,
but free in the simulation and optimization (prediction) modes.
Conversely, a PARAM variable is free in the parameter-fitting
mode and fixed in the simulation and optimization modes.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Introduction • 1-7


Usually a MEAS corresponds to a plant measurement, while a
PARAM is a model tuning parameter or a bias to a measurement.
Because the MEAS and PARAM variables always have opposite
specifications in every mode, there are always the same number of
MEAS and PARAM variables so that every mode is properly
specified.
Another rule of thumb is that it is possible to "swap" the
specifications on a pair of related CALC and CONST variables to
be MEAS and PARAM, since the number of DOF stays the same
in every mode.
The concepts of simulation and parameter-fitting mode and
CONST/CALC/MEAS/PARAM variables can be illustrated with
the pressure drop example. Assume the equipment across which
the pressure drop is measured has an inlet pressure gauge, a DP
cell, and a mass flowmeter. We can specify the DP measurement
(variable DELTAP) to be type MEAS and the pressure drop
parameter (PRES_PARAM) to be type PARAM. We can define
inlet pressure (PRES_IN) and mass flowrate (MASS_FLOW) as
CONST variables. The outlet pressure (PRES_OUT) is always
calculated from the other variables, so it is type CALC.
f(1) = DELTAP - PRES_PARAM * MASS_FLOW^2
(MEAS) (PARAM) (CONST)

f(2) = PRES_IN - PRES_OUT – DELTAP


(CONST) (CALC) (MEAS)
This is a valid multi-mode specification, because in the simulation
mode MASS_FLOW, PRES_IN and PRES_PARAM are fixed
and PRES_OUT and DELTAP can be calculated from those
values. In the parameter-fitting mode:
• DELTAP, MASS_FLOW and PRES_IN are fixed.
• PRES_PARAM and PRES_OUT can be computed.

Changing Specifications with


Specification Options
What if the plant we are modeling has both a DP cell and an outlet
pressure gauge? We have a choice as to which to use. From a
mathematical standpoint, it is just as valid to declare PRES_OUT
a MEAS and DELTAP a CALC as the other way around. Thus
we have two possible variable specifications affecting both our
simulation and parameter-fitting modes.
In Aspen HYT this type of spec swap is made using the
Specification Options button on the Flow Diagram Sheet

1-8 • Introduction Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


A specification option is a pre-set set of alternate specifications
that are equally mathematically valid. The specification sets is set
by the EBS script defined on the ES Scripts worksheet. One of the
sets may be more appropriate for a given unit based on its
configuration, control strategy, instrumentation, type of lab test,
mass or volume basis for flowmeters, or a variety of other reasons.
In our pressure drop example, on the param sheet we might see a
Specification Option with the following options:
Use outlet pressure measurement
Use pressure drop measurement
These choices correspond to the following specifications:
Use outlet pressure Use pressure drop
measurement measurement
DELTAP spec CALC MEAS
PRES_OUT spec MEAS CALC
Note: The scripts that are associated with the specification options
are located on the EB Scripts worksheet. To view them, you must
unhide the EB Scripts worksheet by clicking Format | Sheets |
Unhide; then clicking EB Scripts in the Unhide dialog. The scripts
start in Column L and end in Column S.
You can add your own custom user scripts by inputting them into
Column V through Column Z. Each line must be a valid EB script
command (or comment - a line starting with //). Any blank line
will be interpreted as the end of the script.

Optimization
Optimization is a prediction mode, so it is similar to simulation.
The main difference is that there are positive DOF in optimization
mode, and the solver uses those DOF to maximize or minimize an
objective function within limits on certain variables.
To create optimization DOF, simply change the specifications of
some CONST variables to OPTIM. OPTIM variables are fixed in
simulation and parameter-fitting modes and free in optimization
mode and are also known as independents. The other free
variables (MEAS and CALC) are known as dependents.
The solver requires that the number of OPTIM variables be equal
to the number of DOF, but that requirement is easy to satisfy by
starting with a well-posed square set of multi-mode specifications
and changing only CONST variables to OPTIM.
Essentially, you must do three things:
• Define an objective function.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Introduction • 1-9


• Specify the DOF (independents).
• Put maximum and minimum limits on key independent and
dependent variables.
Often a profit function contains:
• Revenue terms based on product or export utility flowrates and
prices.
• Cost terms based on feed or import utility flowrates and prices.
You specify the DOF by selecting independent (OPTIM) variables
from a pick list. Aspen HYT presents only CONST variables in
this pick list in order to ensure that whatever set you choose will
lead to a well-posed problem.
You can put bounds on any of the independents, plus whichever
dependents you select from another pick list that includes CALC
and MEAS variables that you may wish to limit during the
optimization run.

1-10 • Introduction Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


CHAPTER 2

Using Aspen HYT

Starting Aspen Hydrotreater for the


First Time
Starting Aspen Hydrotreater For the First Time:
The first time you start Aspen Hydrotreater, you need to:
• Load the HYT Flowsheet.
• Establish a connection to the Aspen HYT model, which is an
Aspen Plus Flowsheet.

To Load the HYT Flowsheet:


1 From the Windows Start menu, click Programs | AspenTech |
Aspen Engineering Suite | Aspen Rxfinery 2004 | Aspen
Hydrotreater 2004 | Aspen Hydrotreater to launch Excel and
open the Aspen HYT GUI.
2 When prompted by Excel, click the Enable Macros button.
When the Aspen HYT workbook is loaded, there is no active
connection to the Aspen HYT model, which is an Aspen Plus
flowsheet. The workbook consists of several spreadsheets where
various data can be entered and retrieved. The application also
creates a new menu item on the Excel menu bar called
AspenHYT. This menu provides access to all of the GUI’s
primary functions including connecting to the model. Through the
Startup Aspen HYT menu command, you can load the flowsheet,
modify start-up options, or reset the Aspen Plus connection. Most
of the other menu commands are inactive until the flowsheet is
loaded.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Using Aspen HYT • 2-1


3 On the Excel menu bar click AspenHYT | Startup Aspen
HYT | Load HYT Flowsheet.

To Establish a Connection to the HYT Flowsheet:


The Connect dialog box appears.

4 In the Host field, enter the computer name using all lower case
letters. The Browse button will become available If the correct
computer name is entered,
Note: You can easily determine the computer name if it is not
known:
• Win2000: Right-click the My Computer icon on the
computer desktop and select Properties from the pop-up
menu. Click the Network Identification tab where the full
computer name will be listed near the top.

2-2 • Using Aspen HYT Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


• Windows XP: Right-click the My Computer icon on the
computer desktop and select Properties from the pop-up
menu. Click the Computer Name tab. The computer name
will be listed in the Full Computer Name field.
5 Click the Browse button.
6 Navigate into the Apinit directory, select the file hyt.appdf;
then click the Open button.
You are returned to the Connect dialog box where the hyt.appdf
file name its directory now appear in the Problem area.
7 At the bottom of the Connect dialog box, click the OK button.
Aspen Hydrotreater now loads the hyt.appdf file. This loading
may take up to five minutes, depending on the speed of your
machine. During this time, the Excel cursor will become the hour-
glass symbol, and the Excel status line will display the message
Loading Aspen Hydrotreater flowsheet. The cursor will return to
the normal cross shape and the status line will read Ready when
the process is complete.
Once connected to the flowsheet, the previously inactive
AspenHYT menu items become active. The HYT toolbar is also
created.
You are now ready to begin using Aspen Hydrotreater.
Note: Before using Aspen Hydrotreater. you may want to save the
computer name and hyt.appdf file location entered in the Connect
dialog box.

To Do This:
• Click Saving Data Files

Starting Aspen Hydrotreater After the First Time:


If you saved your data file when you first opened Aspen
Hydrotreater, the Connect dialog box will be populated with your
computer name and the name and location of the .appdf file.
1 From the Windows Start menu, click Programs | AspenTech |
Aspen Engineering Suite | Aspen Rxfinery | Aspen HYT
2004 to launch Excel and open the Aspen HYT GUI.
2 When prompted by Excel, click the Enable Macros button.
The Connect dialog box appears, populated with your computer
name and the name and location of the .appdf file.
3 At the bottom of the Connect dialog box, click the OK button.
Aspen Hydrotreater now loads the hyt.appdf file. This loading
may take up to five minutes, depending on the speed of your

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Using Aspen HYT • 2-3


machine. During this time, the Excel cursor assumes the hour-glass
symbol, and the Excel status line displays the message Loading
flowsheet. The cursor will return to the normal cross shape and the
status line will read Ready when the process is complete.
Once connected to the flowsheet, the previously inactive
AspenHYT menu items become active. The HYT toolbar is also
created.
You are now ready to begin using Aspen Hydrotreater.

Resetting the Aspen Plus Connection


Occasionally, problems can occur where the AspenHYT menu
items and toolbar are still active, but the functions fail with various
Visual Basic errors. This can be the result of loading too many
applications at once, thereby causing an application conflict.

To Reset The Aspen Plus Connection:


1 On the main menu, click AspenHYT | Startup Aspen HYT |
Reset ApMain to reset the connection to the Aspen HYT
flowsheet.

The Reset Aspen Plus warning screen appears.

2 Click the OK button to reset the Aspen Plus connection (and to


terminate all Aspen Plus processes).

2-4 • Using Aspen HYT Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Exiting Aspen HYT
The best way to exit is to use the menu item, AspenHYT | Exit
Aspen HYT.

1 Click AspenHYT | Exit Aspen HYT.


A dialog box appears, asking for confirmation.
2 Click the OK button to proceed with exiting.
You are asked whether you want to save the changes made to the
Excel workbook.
3 Click the Yes button to save your changes and exit.
-or-
Click the No button to abandon your changes and exit
-or-
Click the Cancel button to abort the exiting operation.
If you click the Yes or No button:
• The workbook closes.
• The AspenHYT menu disappears.
• The AspenHYT toolbar is hidden.

General Guidelines for Using the


Excel Interface
Most of the features of Excel are available in the Aspen HYT
workbook. However, you should only use these features with an
understanding about the overall functioning of the workbook.
Here are some things to consider as you use the workbook:
• The only fields that you can make an entry into that the model
will use are those colored blue.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Using Aspen HYT • 2-5


• Entries into number fields that are not colored blue are
overwritten by the workbook after a case is executed.
• Enter only values into blue fields. If you use a formula in a
blue field, it will be overwritten after a case is executed.
Therefore, enter only values in these fields.
• If you change an option with a Combo box, the color coded
fields are not automatically updated. To update the fields, click
the Update Fields button on the HYT menu.

• If a case does not converge, the calculation engine contains a


starting point that is not good for subsequent cases. Therefore,
before running a suspect case, save your case data. You can
then load your case data to restore a case if the problem does
not converge.
• The data you enter into the parameter and simulation
worksheets is automatically saved by the workbook when a
case is run. You can retrieve it after you restore a case to create
a good starting point for the calculation engine.
• The model is an equation-based model and needs a good
starting point to converge. Therefore, be careful about large
changes in the independent variables (color coded blue).

Saving and Loading Data Files


Use the AspenHYT | File | Save User Data to Var File command
to:
• Save the initial file when you first connect to . This preserves
the name of your computer and the path to the appdf file you
selected in the Connect dialog box.
• Save a file for loading later, particularly if you suspect that a
run may not converge. In this case, your saved file can provide
a good starting point for other runs.

To Save A Data File:


1 On the Excel menu bar click AspenHYT | File | Save User
Data to Var file.
The Save User Data to File dialog appears.
2 In the File Name field, enter the name under which you want
to save this file. You do not need to add the var extension.
3 Click the Browse button.

2-6 • Using Aspen HYT Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


The Save As dialog appears.
4 On the Save As dialog, browse to the directory in which you
want to save this file.
5 On the Save As dialog, click the Save button.
The Save User Data to File dialog appears again.
6 On the Save User Data to File dialog, click the Save button.
Your .var file is saved.
Loading Data Files You can load .var files that you previously saved.
Note: Loading a .var file will cause you to lose the data currently
in the Workbook.

To Load Case Data:


1 On the main menu, click AspenHYT | File | Load User Data
from Var File.
The Load User Data from File dialog appears.

2 Click the Browse button.


The Open dialog appears.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Using Aspen HYT • 2-7


3 On the Open dialog, browse to the correct file name and
directory path.
4 Left-click the file name.
The file name appears in the File name field.
5 Click the Open button.
The Load User Data from File dialog appears, with the file name
and directory path you selected entered.
6 Click the Load button to load the file and overwrite the current
workbook.
-or-
Click the Cancel button to abort loading the .var file.

2-8 • Using Aspen HYT Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


CHAPTER 3

The User Interface

The Sheets of the User Interface


When you start , the default spreadsheet is the Flow Diagram
sheet. You can navigate to other data entry or results areas by
selecting the appropriate tab at the bottom of the Excel window.
You can also access many of these tabs via buttons on the Flow
Diagram sheet.
The Sheets of are:
Worksheet Name Description
Flow Diagram Provides Flowsheet, data display entry
buttons, and change the model specification
ProcessOverview Summary of Key operation conditions
Reactor Profiles Temperature, sulfur, nitrogen, and Aromatics
profile for each reactor.
ProcessDetail Data entry and reports for the simulation case
ParamData Data entry and reports for the parameter and
reconciliation cases
Cases Entry and setup form for case studies
PIMS Vectors Vectors for generating a PIMS Table
PIMS Table PIMS Table
LP Vectors Entry and setup form for LP vector
calculations
Optimize Entry and setup form for optimization
calculations
Profit 1 Entry and setup form for profit based
objective function 1
Profit 1 Report Report form for objective function 1
Profit 2 Entry and setup form for profit based
objective function 2
Profit 2 Report Report form for objective function 2
Profit 3 Entry and setup form for profit based
objective function 3

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-1


Profit 3 Report Report form for objective function 3
Many of these sheets can also be accessed by buttons on the Flow
Diagram sheet.
Flow Diagram Sheet The Flow Diagram Sheet provides a overview of the process flow
for the hydrotreater. The Aspen Hydrotreater model is built based
on Aspen Plus 2004.1.
The figure below shows the process flow sheet, which built in the
Flow Diagram Sheet of Excel spreadsheet.

The Flow Diagram Sheet has three main sections:


• Feed system.
• Reaction section.
• Separation section.
Feed System The Feed System consists of Aspen Plus blocks and customized
blocks. These blocks let you build the feeds fed into the reactor.
These blocks provide you flexibility in specifying the feeds.

Feed Stream Model (AFFED1-AFFED6).


Six pre-specified feed stream blocks are provided based on the
Aspen feed information database.
• Light vacuum gas oil (LVGO)
• Heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO)
• Light coker gas oil (LCGO)

3-2 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


• Heavy coker gas oil (HCGO)
• FCC LCO (LCO)
• Hydrotreater bottoms (RECOIL)

Feed Adjuster Model (FEEDADJ).


In this model, you can adjust (within reasonable constraints) all
feed fingerprints by a feed adjuster model to match client-specified
bulk properties:
• distillation
• gravity
• sulfur
• total nitrogen
• basic nitrogen
• bromine number
• refractive index (optional)
• viscosity (optional)
Reaction Section The blended feed, recycle oil, and hydrogen mixed with the recycle
gas through a compressor are mixed again, then sent to a furnace
(modeled as a heater). The effluent from the furnace is sent to
Reactor 1. Therefore, the reactor R1 inlet temperature can be
adjusted by manipulating the heater outlet temperature.
The whole reactor is modeled by a series of standard Aspen EO
reactor blocks, which include,
• Olefins Reactor Models (OLFRXN). One extent-of-reaction block
(EOXNTRXN) is used for saturating the olefins to the reactor components.
• Reactor Bed Models (R1B1-R2B2). One reactor block (EORXR) is used
for each catalyst bed. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood (adsorption-
reaction/inhibition-desorption) mechanism is assumed. Collocated trickle-
bed kinetics and phase equilibria are employed. Reaction rates and phase
equilibrium are recomputed at each collocation point, which provides very
precise prediction of heat release.
Reaction types include:
− Saturation of olefins
− Saturation of aromatics
− Hydrodesulfurization (HDS)
− Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN)
− Ring opening
− Ring dealkyation
− Paraffin hydrocracking
Separation Section The effluent from the reactor goes through two heaters:
• E1H integrated with the feed heater E1C.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-3


• An air cooler (FinFan).
The effluent then enters the separation section.
The Separation Section contains a number of Aspen Plus blocks
and simplified separation models:
Block Description
High Pressure Separator The bottom stream of HPS goes to a
(HPS). Low Pressure Separator (LPS). The
model is an Aspen Plus flash model.
Low Pressure Separator The bottom of LPS is sent to the
(LPS). separation section (main fractionator,
gas plant, and so on). The whole
separation section is built as a
simplified separation model.
Simplified Separation Model This simplified model uses a
for Main Fractionator and combination of component splitters,
Gas Plant (PRODSP) analyzers, and calculators.
Buttons on the Flow Buttons on the Flow Diagram Sheet
Diagram Sheet
You can access data in the AspenHYT model by clicking one of
the 11 buttons on the Flow Diagram Sheet.
Button Action
R1 R2 HTR takes you to the Process Detail sheet to display a
summary of the current running conditions
Feeds takes you to the Process Detail sheet to display feed
properties of the combined feed and input sheet for
each individual feed
Yields takes you to the Process Detail sheet to display:
• the volume and mass yields of product

• the product properties of each product


Process takes you to the Process Overview sheet, on which
Overview general information for AspenHYT model is
presented
Reaction takes you to the Reaction Profile sheet. On this sheet
Profile a set of diagrams is set to present the temperature,
sulfur, nitrogen and aromatic contents for the two beds
in the two reactors
Specification a dialog box pop up to let you select which mode to
Options run:
• Temperature Control

• User Scripts
Click the appropriate tab; then click the Select button.
Run a Param automatically refreshes the ParamData sheet when
case the data is passed back to the spreadsheet from the
solver

3-4 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Process Overview Button On the Flow Diagram Sheet, click the Process Overview button to
view the Process Overview sheet as shown below.

Reactor Profiles Button On the Flow Diagram Sheet, click the Reactor Profiles button to
view the Reactor Profiles sheet as shown below.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-5


Specification Options On the Flow Diagram Sheet, click the Specification Options
Button button to select specification options on the Select Spec.Options
dialog as shown below.

To Change A Specification:
1 Click the desired tab: Temperature Control or User Scripts.
2 Click the Specification you want to change.
3 Click the Select button.
The specification you selected is updated.
Feeds Button On the Flow Diagram Sheet, click the Feeds button to view the
Feeds section of the Process Detail sheet as shown below.

3-6 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


R1 Button On the Flow Diagram Sheet, click the R1 button to view the
Reactor 1 section of the Process Detail sheet as shown below.

R2 Button On the Flow Diagram Sheet, click the R2 button to view the
Reactor 2 section of the Process Detail sheet as shown below.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-7


HTR Button On the Flow Diagram Sheet, click the Htr button to view the
Heaters, Exchangers, and Flashes section of the Process Detail
sheet as shown below.

Save to Prior Button The Save to Prior button saves the current solution to the Prior
column on these worksheets:

3-8 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


• Process Details
• Process Overview
• Param Data
This lets you make quick comparisons between different runs. For
example, you can run a base case and save the values to the Prior
column. Then, for any simulate run, you can quickly compare the
results in the value column to the prior column to see how things
changed.
H2 Streams Button Click the H2 Streams button on the Flow Diagram Sheet to view
the H2 Streams section of the Process Detail sheet as shown
below.

H2 Balance Button Click the H2 Balance button on the Flow Diagram Sheet to view
the H2 Balance section of the Process Detail sheet as shown
below.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-9


Yields Button Click the Yields button on the Flow Diagram Sheet to view the
Yields section of the Process Detail sheet as shown below.

3-10 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Hidden Worksheets
The Aspen HYT workbook contains several worksheets that are
hidden by default. These are not needed for general use of the
workbook, but you can view the information on them.

To View A Hidden Worksheet:


1 On the Excel toolbar, click Format | Sheet | Unhide.
2 Click the worksheet you want to unhide.
Note: Some of these worksheets are password protected to prevent
inadvertent changes to their contents. Such changes can affect the
functionality of the workbook and cause a failure to occur in this
functionality.
The Hidden Worksheets are listed below.
Worksheet Name Description
ProcessOverview Structures the layout for the ProcessOverview
IO worksheet
ProcessOverview Contains direct cell links to the model variables
Links available in the workbook for the
ProcessOverview worksheet
ProcessDetail IO Structures the layout for the ProcessDetail
worksheet
ProcessDetail Contains direct cell links to the model variables
Links available in the workbook for the ProcessDetail
worksheet
ProcessDetail Contains a copy of your input for the
UserInput ProcessDetail worksheet
ParamData IO Structures the layout for the ParamData
worksheet
ParamData Links Contains direct cell links to the model variables
available in the workbook for the ParamData
worksheet
Param UserInput Contains a copy of your input for the
ParamData worksheet
ProcessOverview Structures the layout for the Simulation
IO worksheet
ProcessOverview Contains direct cell links to the model variables
Links available in the workbook for the Simulation
worksheet
ProcessOverview Contains a copy of your input for the
UserInput Simulation worksheet
Feed Input Contains a copy of your input for the Feeds
worksheet
EB Scripts Contains the script for execution by the

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-11


calculation engine
ReceiveVars Contains and manages variables that are sent
from the calculation engine to the workbook
through DCOM
SendVars Contains and manages variables that are sent to
the calculation engine from the workbook
through DCOM
Registry Contains a collection of data and parameters for
the Aspen HYT workbook
PIMSin Contains the input for the PIMS Table
PIMSout Contains the output for the PIMS Table

Command Line Window


Overview The Aspen Plus Command Line window displays the output of
commands sent to the Aspen HYT model. It appears automatically
when loading Aspen AHT and when running cases.

After connecting to the Aspen HYT flowsheet, you can also


manually open this window by selecting the Aspen HYT | Tools |
Display Command Line menu command.

3-12 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


When Aspen HYT is loading, the Command Line window
appears briefly, letting you observe the commands that are being
sent to the model during the flowsheet instantiation. You cannot
access any functions on the command line at this time.
When a case is running, the Command Line window opens
automatically. It lets you see:
• The commands that are being sent to the model.
• The convergence path of a solution.
In these instances, when the command line opens automatically,
the only buttons available to you are:
• Abort
• No Creep
• Close Residuals
Abort Button Click the Abort button to abort the solving of a case.
If you click the Abort button while a case is running, you must
wait until the following messages appear in the command line
window:
Error return due to an ABORT message from the user
communications file DMO.MSG
Problem failed to converge
You can now click the Close button to close the command line
window and return to the model. You should then load a data file
to ensure the next case starts from a good converged solution.
No Creep Button When running a case, the default is to creep the solver (take small
steps) for a few iterations to provide robust behavior. Once you
have gained experience with the model and are confident that a
particular case will solve well without the default number of creep
steps, you can manually turn the creep steps off by clicking the No
Creep button.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-13


You can click the No Creep button while a problem is converging.
This causes the solver to eliminate the creep in the next iteration.
Close Residuals Use the Close Residuals button to have the model close the
Button residuals without minimizing the objective function convergence.
You might find this useful in cases where the objective function
very nearly reaches a maximum value, but the convergence of the
objective does not close. }
Close Button This button closes the Command Line window and returns you to
the Excel user interface.
Click the Close button only:
• After a run has failed to converge .
• If you aborted a case and the command line message run
aborted by the user appears.
• If you opened the Command Line window manually, and you
have finished using it..
Manual Access to the After connecting to the Aspen HYT flowsheet, select the Aspen
Command Line HYT | Tools | Display Command Line menu command. The
Window Aspen Plus Command Line window appears.

When you open the command line manually, some buttons are
available and some are not:
Button Available
Execute Yes
Abort No
No Creep No
Close Residuals No

3-14 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Close Yes
The Abort, No Creep, and Close Residuals buttons have no effect
when the command line has been opened manually unless the
Execute command is invoked to run Aspen Plus.
The Close button closes the command line window and returns you
to the Excel spreadsheet. While the command line window is open,
you cannot access the Excel spreadsheet.
The command line window can be a very powerful tool in trouble-
shooting problems since the commands sent to the model and the
solutions of the model are stored in the buffer. You can scroll
through the buffer (the top window of the command line) to see
convergence paths and any error messages generated when trying
to solve a problem.

Toolbar and Menu


When the Aspen HYT workbook is selected, Microsoft Excel is
loaded and then the HYT VBA loads a drop-down menu selection
to the Excel toolbar labeled AspenHYT. This menu contains
selections that activate macros within the HYT VBA. This section
explains the options and dialogs that are available from the Aspen
HYT dialog. Many of the options are associated with the cases for
HYT modeling.
Startup Aspen HYT When you select the AspenHYT option on the toolbar, the drop-
Submenu down menu appears as shown below. Some of the options are
Overview unavailable because the workbook has not yet been connected to
the calculation engine through the server. The options under
Development Tools are for advanced functions in the workbook
and are not covered.
The selection you need to make at this time is Startup
AspenHYT. With the exception of the advanced functions, this is
the first selection you should make when you first activate the
Aspen HYT workbook.
The Startup AspenAHT submenu contains the commands you
typically use when you first activate the Aspen HYT workbook.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-15


When you select the Startup Aspen HYT option, the menu shown
above appears.
Command Function
Load HYT Connect the workbook and load a problem file
Flowsheet
Startup Options Load a problem file automatically or manually
Refer to Startup Options Dialog Box section
Reset ApMain Resets the connection with the Aspen Plus server
The Load HYT Flowsheet option is normally the first command
you will use. This command displays the Connect dialog box. The
Reset ApMain command causes the workbook to break the
connection with the server. This is necessary if you want to use the
Excel File menu. If you do not close the workbook at this point,
you can use the Load HYT Flowsheet command to reconnect the
workbook.
Connect Dialog Box 1 On the Excel menu bar, select Aspen HYT | Startup Aspen
HYT | Load HYT Flowsheet.
The Connect dialog box appears.

3-16 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


2 In the Host box, enter the name of the host computer (normally
your computer) using all lower case letters.
If the correct computer name is entered, the Browse button in
the Problem area will become enabled.
Note: You can easily determine the computer name if it is not
known:
• Win2000: Right-click the My Computer icon on the
computer desktop and select Properties from the pop-up
menu. Click the Network Identification tab where the full
computer name will be listed near the top.
• Windows XP: Right-click the My Computer icon on the
computer desktop and select Properties from the pop-up
menu. Click the Computer Name tab. The computer name
will be listed in the Full Computer Name field.
3 Click the Browse button in the Problem area, navigate into the
Apinit directory, select the file hyt.appdf, and then click
Open.
4 At the bottom of the Connect dialog box, click OK.
On a 750 MHz Pentium III PC, such as a Dell Inspiron 8000, it
requires approximately two minutes to initialize the HYT
flowsheet and load the data into the Excel GUI. During this
time, the Excel cursor will appear as an hourglass symbol and
the Excel status line will display the message Loading Aspen
HYT flowsheet. The cursor will return to the normal cross
shape and the status line will display Ready when the process is
complete.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-17


Once the connected to the flowsheet is established, the
previously inactive Aspen HYT menu commands become
active, and the Aspen HYT toolbar is created.
5 Now save the workbook using the Excel File | Save command,
to preserve the computer name and hyt.appdf file location
entered in the Connect dialog box.
You are now ready to begin using Aspen Hydrotreater.
Startup Options Dialog The Startup Options dialog box is shown below.This dialog box
Box lets you specify a default problem solution to load into the
workbook other than hyt.appdf (the base solution).

When the workbook is opened, there is by default no connection


established with the HYT flowsheet. Furthermore, once the
connection is established, the data loaded into the spreadsheet will
be the data that comes with the generic model.
You can change these default settings to improve efficiency. By
modifying the startup options, you can automatically connect to the
HYT spreadsheet and load a specific user data file immediately
upon opening the HYT GUI.
At the top of the Startup Options dialog box, you can choose to
make a connection to the HYT model either manually or
automatically. If you select Automatic Startup, the spreadsheet
will automatically establish a connection to the model whenever it
is opened.
The Startup Options dialog box also has an option to load in a set
of data other than the default problem data. Automatically loading
data that matches your plant is more convenient. For more
information on saving and loading data, see File Submenu.

3-18 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


To Set Startup Options:
1 On the Excel menu bar, select Aspen HYT | Startup Aspen
HYT | Startup Options.
The Startup Options dialog box appears.
2 Select Manual Startup or Automatic Startup. Your choice
will determine whether the connection to the HYT model is
made manually or automatically.
3 If you chose the Automatic Startup option in Step 2, you can
load a set of data other than the default problem data in the
hyt.appdf file. To do so, select the Load User Data from
File? checkbox.
4 In the File Name box, enter the name of the data file to be
loaded (including the full path). Normally, this is a file that you
have saved from a previous execution of the program.
5 Click OK.
File Submenu The second submenu on the AspenHYT menu is File.

The File submenu contains four commands:


Use this To
Command
Load Case Data Invoke a dialog box to load a case file
Save Case Data Invoke a dialog box to save a case file
Load User Input Load data you previously entered on a Parameter
Sheet or Simulation worksheet
Save User Input Save data you previously entered on a Parameter
Sheet or Simulation worksheet
Use the items on this menu to:
• Save and load case data.
• Save and load your data entry sheets.
Load Case Data Use the Load Case Data command to load in a good starting point
from saved data. Typically the file you load you have previously

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-19


saved using the Save Case Data command. Do this when a solution
is not achieved, the solver is left with a bad starting point.
The AHT model is an equation-based model that can be moved
from a base solution to another base solution, if the move is not too
large. Normally, as a very general rule, too large means a move of
about 20% to 30% on values other than temperatures.
Temperatures changes can be in the range of 10 to 20°F.
Save Case Data Use the Save Case Data command to save a file which has a good
starting point for possible later retrieval using the Load Case Data
command. It is good practice to periodically save data, because
can sometimes leave the solver with a bad starting point if a
solution is not achieved.
The AHT model is an equation-based model that can be moved
from a base solution to another base solution, if the move is not too
large. Normally, as a very general rule, too large means a move of
about 20% to 30% on values other than temperatures.
Temperatures changes can be in the range of 10 to 20 °F.
Load User Input Sheet Use the Load User Input Sheet command to avoid retyping data
if it is lost in a run that doesn’t converge. After you retrieve a case,
the values in worksheets are updated. If you have entered data on
the Parameter or Simulation worksheet, this data is overwritten.
To retrieve this overwritten data, execute the Load User Input
Sheet command.

To Load User Input Sheets:

Click Click the Load User Data ( ) button.


If you need to save the data you have entered, execute the Save
User Input Sheet command. These can also be activated by
buttons on the toolbar:

Save User Input Sheet Use the Save User Input Sheet button to save your data entry
sheets for later retrieval if the data entry is lost in a run that doesn’t
converge. If you need to reload a case, your data entry on
Parameter or Simulation worksheets will be overwritten. To
retrieve your data entry, use the Load User Input Sheet command.

3-20 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Setup Cases The third submenu on the AspenHYT drop-down menu is Setup
Submenu Cases. This submenu is unavailable until you successfully connect
the workbook to the calculation engine.

The Setup Cases submenu contains six commands:


Use this To
command
Case Set Up Case Studies
Study
Optimizati Set Up Optimization Calculations
on
Vectors Set Up Lp Vectors
Profit 1 Set Up Profit Function Number 1 For an
Optimization Case
Profit 2 Set Up Profit Function Number 2 For an
Optimization Case
Profit 3 Set Up Profit Function Number 3 For an
Optimization Case
Run Cases Submenu The fourth submenu on the AspenHYT drop-down menu is Run
Cases. This submenu is unavailable until you successfully connect
the workbook to the calculation engine.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-21


Tools Submenu The fifth submenu on the AspenHYT drop-down menu is Tools.
This submenu is unavailable until you successfully connect the
workbook to the calculation engine.

From the Tools submenu, you can:


• Display the Command Line
• Load Data From the Engine
• Refresh All Data Sheets
Development Tools The sixth submenu on the AspenHYT drop-down menu is
Submenu Development Tools. This submenu is unavailable until you
successfully connect the workbook to the calculation engine.
Development tools are reserved for expert users and their use is not
covered here.

3-22 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Help Submenu The seventh submenu on the AspenHYT drop-down menu is
Help.

Use the Help submenu to:


• Invoke the on-line help.
• View details about this version of .
Exit Aspen HYT The eighth submenu on the AspenHYT drop-down menu is Exit
Aspen HYT.

The best way to exit is to use this menu item,

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide The User Interface • 3-23


1 Click AspenHYT | Exit Aspen HYT.
A dialog box appears, asking for confirmation.
2 Click the OK button to proceed with exiting.
You are asked whether you want to save the changes made to the
Excel workbook.
3 Click the Yes button to save your changes and exit.
-or-
Click the No button to abandon your changes and exit
-or-
Click the Cancel button to abort the exiting operation.
If you click either the Yes or No button:
• The workbook closes.
• The AspenHYT menu disappears.
• The AspenHYT toolbar is hidden.

3-24 • The User Interface Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


CHAPTER 4

Working With The Equation-


Oriented Solver

Introduction to the Equation-Oriented


Solver
When you click on the solve button, Aspen HYT submits the
mathematical formulation of the problem to the Aspen Plus open
equation model based simulation solver.
If the solution is successful:
• the kernel command window closes
• the results of the solution are returned to the Excel GUI
• the status indicators will change to Ready and Converged.
If the solver fails:
• the status indicators show Ready and Not Converged
• you must perform some troubleshooting to determine the cause
of the failure.
The following topics provide information on the basics of the
solver technology and error messages issued by the solver when
certain types of errors occur.

Successive Quadratic Programming


(SQP)
The Aspen Plus Equation Oriented (EO) model based solver is a
specific implementation of the general class of nonlinear
optimization algorithms known as Successive Quadratic
Programming (SQP), which perform the optimization by solving a
sequence of quadratic programming subproblems. The general

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver • 4-1
optimization problem that DMO solves can be expressed as
follows:
Minimize f(x)
Subject to c(x) = 0
xmin ≤ x ≤ xmax
Where:

x ∈ Rn Vector of unknown variables


1
f(x) ∈ R Objective function
c(x) ∈ Rm Vector of constraint equations
xmin ∈ Rn Vector of lower bounds on x
xmax ∈ Rn Vector of upper bounds on x
A simplified description of the EO model solver algorithm is
outlined as follows:
1 Given an initial estimate of the solution vector, x0.
2 Set iteration counter, k = 0.
3 Evaluate derivative of the objective function, gradient, and the
derivative of the constraints, Jacobian.
4 Initialize or update an approximation of the second derivative
matrix, or Hessian, of the Lagrange function. The Lagrange
function, f(x) + ∑ λici, accounts for constraints through
weighting factors λi, often called Lagrange multipliers or
shadow prices.
5 Solve a quadratic programming subproblem to determine a
search direction, dk. In the quadratic programming subproblem,
the objective function is replaced by a quadratic
approximation, constraints are linearized, and bounds are
included.
6 Check for convergence or failure. If the optimization
convergence criteria are satisfied, or if the maximum number
of allowed iterations, MAXITER, is reached, then end.
Convergence is achieved when:
• Objective function gradient ≤ OBJCVG
• Scaled or unscaled constraint residuals ≤ RESCVG
7 Perform a one-dimensional search to determine a search step
αk so that xk+αkdk is a better approximation of the solution as
measured by a line search or merit function. The reduction of
merit function requirement is sometimes relaxed to achieve a
full correction step.
8 Update iteration counter, k = k + 1, and loop back to step 3.

4-2 • Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide
Changing EO Solver Parameters
You can change parameters for the solver can be changed with
script commands. Enter commands at the kernel command prompt
or on the EB scripts sheet in the Excel GUI.
The script language for a parameter change is:
DMO.parameter = value
The parameters are discussed in the following sections. As an
example, the following commands:
DMO.MAXITER = 10
DMO.RESCVG = 1.0D-5
change the maximum number of iterations to 10 and the residual
convergence tolerance to 1.0d- 5. This input would apply for all
modes.

Basic EO Solver Parameters


Here are the most commonly used DMO parameters for Aspen
HYT:
MAXITER Maximum number of SQP iterations allowed
(default = 50).
MINITER Minimum number of SQP iterations allowed
(default = 0).
CREEPFLAG Flag for the creep mode. This mode makes
the optimizer moves more conservative. It is very helpful when the
problem diverges.
No (default)
Yes
CREEPITER Number of iterations to perform creep mode
(default = 10).
CREEPSIZE Creep mode step size. This is the fraction of the full
step to be taken when in creep mode (default = 0.1).
RESCVG Residual convergence tolerance (default = 1.0D-6).
OBJCVG Objective function convergence tolerance (default =
1.0D-6).

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver • 4-3
EO Solver Output to the Command
Window
During each solution, the following iteration log is sent to the
command window:

• Iteration is the count of SQP iterations (QP subproblems)


performed by the solver. There is one line of output for each
normal iteration of the solver. Abnormal iterations may have
additional lines for error or information messages.
• Residual Convergence Function indicates the solver’s
progress towards solution, in terms of feasibility of the
residuals. The problem does not converge until this measure
gets below the DMO rescvg value defined in the EB script for
that solution mode.
• Objective Convergence Function is a measure of the solver’s
progress towards solution in terms of optimality of the
objective function. This is only meaningful in modes with
degrees-of-freedom, which for Aspen HYT is only the
optimization mode. The problem does not converge until this
measure gets below the DMO objcvg value defined in the EB
script for that solution mode.
• Objective Function Value refers to the Jacobian of the
objective function.
• Nonlinearity Ratio is a measure of the nonlinearity of the
problem. The closer the value is to one, the more linear the
problem. A negative value indicates that the problem behaved
in the opposite of what was expected. Near the solution, as the

4-4 • Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide
step sizes become small, this value becomes close to one.
There are two nonlinearity ratios:
− Overall
− Model
• Worst Model is the model which has the worst non-linear
ratio.
The last section of the output shows the execution times for the
various parts of the problem.
In this example, we can see that convergence was achieved when
the residual and objective convergence functions were less than
their respective tolerances at iteration 3.
From this output, we also see that there have been no line searches.
Thus the step size for each iteration is one. When a line search is
performed for an iteration, a message similar to the one below
appears:
<Line Search ACTIVE> ==> Step
taken 3.26D-01
If the solver has to line search continually and the step size gets
very small (less than 1.0D-2), most likely the solution is trying to
move very far from the starting point or some of the specified
values are nearly infeasible.

EO Solver Log Files


Aspen HYT outputs DMO solver information to two log files:
• ATSLV.
• ATACT.
These files reside in the working directory you defined in the
startup menu box.
The ATACT file is similar to the ATSLV file, but lists all the
problem variables and independent variables, whereas the ATSLV
file does not. The ATSLV file is typically more useful and is
described in more detail below.

ATSLV File Problem Information


At the top of the ATSLV file, a summary of the problem is printed.
This shows the size of the problem and the values of some
important parameters.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver • 4-5
ATSLV Details
Basic Iteration At each iteration, the following header is printed:
Information

This shows the iteration number and the value of the objective
function.
Largest Unscaled This section shows the largest unscaled residuals. A similar section
Residuals shows the largest scaled residuals. This section is particularly
helpful when the solver has trouble closing all the residuals
because it will point to the largest.

4-6 • Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide
Constrained This section shows the variables that lie on their bounds. This is
Variables only meaningful in a degrees of freedom mode (optimization for
Aspen HYT).
The output shows the variable number, which bound is active, the
variable name, the current value and the shadow price. The shadow
price is also known as the Lagrange multiplier. This is the
derivative of the objective function with respect to the value of the
constraint and represents the cost for the constraint.

The shadow price is based on the value of the objective function


that is seen by DMO. That means the shadow price is in SI units
(such as $/sec) and is affected by any scaling. This is true even if
you declare the units to be something other than SI (such as $/HR).
Consider this example. We have a tower with a composition
constraint, expressed as a mole fraction of a component. The
following table shows the results of two optimization runs at two
different values of the composition constraint:
Value Objective Shadow Price
0.0002 2.853 432.924
0.0003 2.893 258.664
The large change in the shadow price indicates that the effect of
the composition on the objective function is very nonlinear. We
can manually estimate the average shadow price in this region by a
finite difference method:
Price = ∆Obj/∆x = ( 2.893-2.853 ) / ( 0.0003 -
0.0002 ) = 400.00 $/sec/mole fraction
This value lies between the two prices.
If the objective function had a scale factor of 100, we would get the
following:
Value Objective Shadow Price

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver • 4-7
0.0002 285.4 43290.7
0.0003 289.3 25860.2
We would have to remember to unscale the shadow price by
dividing by 100.
General Iteration This section appears after the residual output:
Information

The iteration status shows the exit condition of that iteration.


Normal indicates a normal successful iteration. Warning indicates
a successful iteration despite some solver difficulties. Error
indicates a failure. Solved indicates the final iteration of a
successfully solved problem.
The degrees of freedom is the number of declared independent
variables in the problem. The constrained variables are those at
bounds in the QP subproblem. The current degrees of freedom is
the degrees of freedom less the constrained variables. This is the
true degrees of freedom for the problem. A highly constrained
solution is one that has very few current degrees of freedom.
The number of function and Jacobian evaluations is an
accumulative count and generally matches the number of
iterations.
The objective function convergence function is the norm of the
Jacobian for the objective function. At the solution, this value
should be near zero.
The residual convergence function is the sum of the scaled
residuals. At the solution, this value should be near zero.
Nonlinearity Ratios This section shows the nonlinearity ratio of the worst block, the
objective function, and the worst equations. The criterion is the
accuracy of the predicted change in the equation. If the function is
linear, then the new value would match the predicted value and the
nonlinearity ratio would be one. A value of the ratio other than one
indicates some degree of nonlinearity. A negative value indicates
that the function value moved in the opposite of the expected
direction. Large negative values could indicate a discontinuity or
bad derivative.

4-8 • Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide
This section also shows the step size for the iteration.

Usage Notes
Usage Notes-General This section describes some usage notes and troubleshooting tips
to improve the performance of the solver and to help diagnose
common problems.
The topics in this section are:
Dealing With Infeasible Solutions
Scaling
Dealing With Singularities
Notes on Variable Bounding
Run-Time Intervention
Bounds Aspen 2004.1 lets you bound every variable in the problem as
shown below:
Xl < X < Xu
The step bound of an independent variable defines how much the
value of the variable can be changed in a single optimization run.
The step bound is used along with the initial value, lower bound,
and upper bound to compute the actual bounds to be used in the
run:
Xl = max(X - |Xstep|, Xlower)
Xu = min(X + |Xstep|, Xupper)
You should define upper and lower bounds for all independent
variables. You can also define the step bounds for independent
variables.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver • 4-9
Most of the dependent variables in the HYT model have very wide
bounds, such as –1.E20 for lower bound and 1.E20 for upper
bound. However, some dependent variables have physical
meaning. You should set up appropriate bounds for them to
prevent the solution from getting into infeasible operating
conditions. For example, there is a metallurgic limit on regenerator
cyclone temperature. Hence, an upper bound should be set for this
variable. Only those constrained dependent variables must be
defined when setting up an optimization case in HYT model.
In general, it is not recommended to heavily bound an optimization
problem for reasons that are both practical and algorithmic.
Bounds on independent variables are recommended in order to
avoid unbounded problems. All other bounds should be used only
if they are absolutely necessary. The optimization engine for HYT
model is the DMO solver.
Independent Variables Independent variables are variables whose values can be changed
independently, for example, the feed rate in the HYT unit. The
optimizer can vary the values of independent variables to push the
values of the objective function in the defined direction (maximize
profit or minimize cost) until some bounds are reached. Each
independent variable accounts for a degree of freedom. The
number of degrees of freedom is equal to the number of
independent variables in an optimization run if no independent
variable is at its bound. You can impose upper and lower bounds
on independent variables to prevent the final solution from
deviating too far away from the starting point. You can also
impose step bounds on independent variables.
Dealing With These often occur during optimization cases where it is not
Infeasible Solutions possible to simultaneously solve all the equations while respecting
all the variable bounds. This doesn't happen in simulation cases
because DMO ignores bounds in simulation cases. If you solve a
simulation case that violates a bound, then the optimization case
will start at an infeasible point. In this case, the following is printed
in the OUT file:

This says that this variable's value had to be adjusted to respect the
bound. When the optimization proceeds and there is no feasible
solution for the equality constraints, the screen output might look
like this:
Residual Objective Objective Overall
Model
Convergence Convergence Function Nonlinearity Worst
Nonlinearity

4-10 • Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide
Iteration Function Function Value Ratio Model
Ratio
--------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ------------ -------
------------
Warning ... QP slack variable = 2.29070D-01
Warning ... QP slack variable = 2.29070D-01
0 9.312D-04 4.809D-03 -2.779D+00 9.968D-01 C2S
-2.834D-01
Warning ... QP slack variable = 1.80624D-01
Warning ... QP slack variable = 1.80624D-01
1 5.244D-04 4.667D-02 -2.792D+00 2.900D-01 C2S
-1.846D+02
Warning ... QP slack variable = 1.44771D-01
Warning ... QP slack variable = 1.44771D-01
2 1.552D-02 5.479D-02 -2.922D+00 -7.475D-01 C2S
-1.540D+01
Warning ... QP slack variable = 6.09502D-01
Warning ... QP slack variable = 6.09502D-01
3 3.853D-02 2.379D-03 -3.083D+00 9.908D-01 C2S
9.914D-01
Warning ... QP slack variable = 1.87163D-01
Warning ... QP slack variable = 1.87163D-01
4 1.496D-02 1.040D-02 -3.075D+00 8.346D-01 C2S
6.012D-01
Warning ... QP slack variable = 3.18508D-01
Warning ... QP slack variable = 3.18508D-01

+---------------------- ERROR ----------------------


+

Error return from [DMO] system subroutine DMOQPS


because the problem has NO FEASIBLE SOLUTION.

Action : Check the bounds that are set on


variables
to insure consistency. Check the .ACT
file
for information on initial
infeasibilities.

+---------------------------------------------------
+

Error return, [DMO] System Status Information = 5

Optimization Timing Statistics Time Percent


================================ ======== =======

MODEL computations 1.32 secs 31.10 %


DMO computations 0.91 secs 21.28 %
Miscellaneous 2.03 secs 47.61 %
-------------------------------- --------- -------
Total Optimization Time 4.26 secs 100.00 %
Updating Plex
Problem failed to converge

Note the messages from the QP indicating an invalid value for a


slack variable.
To solve this problem, you need to be aware of the initial message
indicating that the initial value of a variable violated its bound. In
this case, C2S.SPC.REFL_RATIO_MASS is causing the
problems. Unfortunately, the OUT file does not list this variable as
constrained, since it could never solve the QP successfully.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver • 4-11
Scaling Generally, it is not necessary to scale your equations or variables
beyond what is done by default in the models. However, it may be
more efficient to scale your objective function. A good rule of
thumb is to scale the objective function so that its value is on the
order of 10 to 1000. The scaling of the objective function plays an
important role since it affects the overall convergence behavior.
This is particularly important in cases where there is a large change
between the original value of the objective and the expected
optimum.
Dealing With Singularities often occur when the model is moved into a region
Singularities where the equations are not well defined. The most common
example of this is when a stream flow becomes too small. If
singularities exist, they are usually detected at the start of the
problem. In this case, some information is written to the OUT file
and this can help locate the cause of the problem. In general, you
should prevent stream flows from going near zero by placing
nonzero lower bounds on the flow (e.g., 10 kg/hr). This is
especially important on streams from flow splitters or feed streams
whose total flow is being manipulated. In the case of a singularity
the following message will be displayed:

The OUT file contains information on the possible cause of the


singularity in the following manner:

4-12 • Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide
Sometimes, singularities are simply caused by the optimization
being too aggressive. This moves the models into a region where
the equations are not well defined. To make the optimization more
robust, DMO has a creep mode. This mode simply causes smaller
steps to be taken for a specified number of iterations. To use this
mode, you can enter the following script command:
DMO.CREEPFLAG = 1
This turns on the creep mode. When active, the following message
is displayed at each iteration:
<Line Search Creep Mode ACTIVE> ==> Step
taken 1.00D-01
By default, this will operate for 10 iterations with a step size of 0.1.
You can change these values with the commands:
DMO.CREEPITER = 20
DMO.CREEPSIZE = 0.5
In this example, we change the number of creep iterations to 20
and the step size to 0.5.
Notes on Variable Remember that by default DMO does not respect bounds during
Bounding the solution of a SIM or PAR case. The user, however, has the
capability to impose bounds in a square case by using a different
line search parameter. The use of this mode is recommended only
in cases where there are truly multiple solutions to a model (for

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver • 4-13
example, the cubic equation) and you want to use a bound to
eliminate an unwanted one.
• To use this mode, enter the following script command:
DMO.LINESEARCH = 4
In general it is not recommended to heavily bound an optimization
problem for reasons that are both practical and algorithmic.
Bounds on independent variables are recommended in order to
avoid unbounded problems. All other bounds should be used only
if they are absolutely necessary. Finally, redundant bounds should
be avoided.
Run-Time During long runs, you can change the behavior of the DMO solver
Intervention by clicking one of the three buttons at the bottom of the command
window. Your selection takes effect at the start of the next DMO
iteration.
The three buttons are:
Button Action
ABORT Stops the solver
CLOSE Fixes all the independent variables at their current
values and closes the residuals
NOCREEP Takes DMO out of creep mode

4-14 • Working With The Equation-Oriented Solver Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide
CHAPTER 5

Model Parameterization

Introduction to Model
Parameterization
To provide a better understanding of the Aspen Hydrotreater
model, this section presents a general description and discussion of
the model.

Flow Diagram Sheet


Product Properties You can vary product cut-points. The table below shows a list of
product properties predicted by AspenHYT model.
Product Stream Properties
H2S Mass flow, mole flow
NH3 Mass flow, mole flow
H2 Total consumption (mass and moles)
C1 C1 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
C2 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
C2 C1 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
C2 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
C3 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
H2S mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
H2 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
C3 C2 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
C3 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
C4 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
C4 C3 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
C4 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
C5 mass flow, mole flow, mass fraction
C4 iso/normal ratio
Light naphtha C4 mass fraction

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Model Parameterization • 5-1


TBP distillation
API gravity
Specific gravity
PIANO
Total Sulfur
Total Nitrogen
RON/MON
Heavy Naphtha TBP distillation
API gravity
Specific gravity
PIANO
Total Sulfur
Total Nitrogen
RON/MON
Distillate TBP distillation
API gravity
Specific gravity
PIANO
Total Sulfur
Total Nitrogen
Basic Nitrogen
Smoke point
Pour Point
Freeze point
Bottoms TBP distillation
API gravity
Specific gravity
PIANO
Total Sulfur
Total Nitrogen
Basic Nitrogen
Cetane Index
Viscosity1
For recycle hydrocracking,
• The maximum-naphtha base case recycles the 400oF-plus
material.
• The maximum-distillate base case recycles the 700oF-plus
material.
Distillation overlap is calibrated with plant data. The following
yields and product properties are provided. Recycle Gas Scrubber

5-2 • Model Parameterization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


is simplified as a component splitter, RGSPLIT, a standard Aspen
Plus component splitter block (SEP).
Note: Scrubbing efficiency can be calibrated with plant data.
If there is no recycle gas scrubber, no H2S is removed by this
block.
The quench-distribution system is modeled by a Standard Aspen
Plus splitter block (FSPLIT). Mixer blocks are used for quenches.
You can specify:
• Heat loss.
• Temperature.
• Pressure.
• Pressure drop.
Quench valve characteristics are not modeled, but you can specify
upper and lower limits on quench flow.
Model View and The main AspenHYT model data access is provided by buttons on
Specification this sheet. A summary of the general instructions for all buttons
Through the Flow given below:
• Buttons R1, R2, HTR. When you click one of these buttons,
the system brings you to the Process Detail sheet, which
displays a summary of the current running conditions.
• Buttons Feeds takes you to the Process Detail sheet to display
feed properties of the combined feed and input sheet for each
individual feed.
• Button Yields takes you to the Process Detail sheet to display
the volume and mass yields of product. In addition, it displays
the product properties of each product.
• Button Process Overview takes you to the Process Overview
sheet, in which general information for AspenHYT model is
presented.
• Button Reaction Profile takes you to the Reaction Profile
sheet. On this sheet a set of diagrams presents present the
temperature, sulfur, nitrogen and aromatic contents the two
beds in the two reactors.
• Button Specification Options pops up a dialog to let you select
a mode you want to run. You can select one, then click the
Select button. The specification will be set properly for the
case running. For each running mode, it will show later.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Model Parameterization • 5-3


Note: All data sheets showing the value and specification are only
for display. Any changes will not affect the model running in this
version.
Model Specifications For a number of purposes of AspenHYT model running, the user
Strategy for Process need provides sufficient process information to let the model can
Specification be tuned to match the process situation. The AspenHYT can be
tuned in a number of ways. In general, the following are required:
• Feed and product properties
• Operating conditions
• Selected mechanical data
All samples must be time-stamped. All samples must be taken
within the same 4-8 hour period. Uncompressed, hour-average
process data (all relevant tags from the DCS, if possible) must be
provided for the period during which samples are taken.
Feed and Product Your specific needs determine whether the feed and product
Analysis analytical requirements are simple or complex.
AspenTech has a library of detailed analytical data and component
distributions (fingerprints) for several feed/product combinations.
Feed types include:
• Light and heavy straight-run vacuum gas oils.
• Light and heavy coker gas oils.
• Light and heavy FCC cycle oils.
• Pre-processed synthetic crude.

5-4 • Model Parameterization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


When a client’s feed resembles a feed in the AspenTech database,
the Feed Adjust block in Aspen Hydrotreater can obtain a good fit
by skewing the distribution of components in the base feed to
minimize differences between measured and calculated bulk
properties. This is the usual starting point if the model is to be used
offline for:
• What-if studies.
• Generation of LP shift vectors.
• Certain design studies.
The following bulk inspection properties are used for model
calibration,
Property Required/Optional
API gravity Required
D2887 distillation Required
Refractive index Optional (recommended)
Viscosity @210 F Optional (recommended)
Bromine number Required
Total sulfur Required
Total and basic Required
nitrogen
The feed refractive index and viscosity are optional. If you do not
provide the refractive index and viscosity, the feed adjustor model
calculates them based on the API gravity and distillation. The
refractive index, viscosity, API gravity, and distillation are then
used to calculate:
• The CA (carbon on the aromatic rings).
• The CN (naphthene ring).
• CP (paraffins).
The method used for calculating CA, CN, and CP is the NDM
method.
To get a better result for characterization of the feed, AspenTech
recommends the following methods to determine the
aromatic/naphthene/paraffin breakdown for each feed,
Method Description
D1319 Fluorescent Indicator provides Total Aromatics in vol%.
Adsorption (FIA).
NMR method provides Carbon on aromatic rings
UV method provides wt% of MONO, DI, TRI and
Tetra aromatics
HPLC high performance liquid
chromatography

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Model Parameterization • 5-5


Notes:
• If higher accuracy is required, for example, for an online closed
loop optimization project, or if the plant frequently processes
feeds for which AspenTech does not have a similar fingerprint,
detailed analyses including GC/MS, HPLC and NMR may be
recommended.
• To tune the Catalyst Deactivation block, you may be able to
use historical data. However, if adequate historical data are not
available, at least two sets of test-run data obtained at least
three days apart are needed.
• To increase model accuracy – and to be confident that
feedstock effects can be differentiated from catalyst
deactivation effects – individual blend stocks should be
analyzed individually. Also, analyses should be obtained for
typical composite feeds. The adjustment of the individual feeds
creates detailed lump compositions for each individual feed.
This allows a more accurate representation of the effects of
individual blend stocks on Hydrotreater performance.
If you need detailed analytical data, the table below provides a list
of the feed and product inspections needed for the creation of a
new fingerprint.

5-6 • Model Parameterization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Aspen Hydrocracker Feed and Product Analysis - Check List

Feeds Unconverted Oil Diesel Kerosine Naphtha C3+C4 Fuel Gas


Tests (Note 1) Method Total 950- 950+ Total 950- 950+
Required for Configuration
Prep Distillation into 950-,950+ (2) Vac Dist x x
API Gravity D287 x x x x x x x x x
Sim Dist D2887 x x x x x
High Temp Sim Dist HTSD x x x x
NOISE GC/MS x x x x
HPLC HPLC x x
PONA (FIA) D1319 x x x
HC Type, wt% D4124 x x
C & H Content, Wt% D5291 x x x x x x x x x
Total Sulfur Content, wt% D4294 x x x x x x x x x
Total Nitrogen, ppmw (?) x x x x x x x x x
Basic Nitrogen, ppmw UOP269 x x x x x x x x x
Bromine Number D1159 x
H & C13 NMR D5292 x x x x x x
Other Required Data
Sim Dist D3710 x
C1 - C3 GC/TC/FID
C6- GC (3) GC/FID x x
GC PIANO (4) GC/FID x
Optional Data per Client Interest
Metals (Ni,V,Fe,Cu,Na) ppmw ICP x x
Refractive Index @ 20 DegC D1747 x x
Aniline Point D611 x x
Viscosity, cst @ 100 DegF D445 x x x
Viscosity, cst @ 210 DegF D445 x x x
Carbon Residue, wt% D4530 x
Cloud Point D2500 x x
Pour Point D97 x x
Smoke Point x
Freeze Point x
Cetane Index x x
ASTM Distillation D86 x x x
RON D2699 x
MON D2700 x
RVP D5191 x

Note: Estimated costs for analyses may be obtained by contacting


AspenTech. Heavy feeds must be separated into 950- and 950+
fractions, because each fraction requires different methods. The
requirements for configuration are used to calculate feed and
product compositions for 97-lump kinetics. Lighter feeds (<10%
950+) do not need this separation. They can be characterized with
the 950- test set. Light feeds (950-) require SimDist NOISE and
NMR. Heavy feeds (950+) require HT SimDist, HPLC and NMR.
Flue gas and C6- GC are usually available from the client's lab. If
multiple naphtha cuts are present, each cut must be analyzed. If
multiple C3 and C4 product streams present, we need C6-GC for
each stream
Sample Amount Needed
Light feeds without prep 1 quart
distillation
Heavy feeds with prep 2 quarts
distillation

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Model Parameterization • 5-7


LCO 1 quart
Bottoms with prep distillation 2 quarts
Naphtha 1 quart minimum.
(2 quarts if octanes are requested.
Need 1 quart for RON and 1 quart for
MON engine tests.)
If the catalysts are different for Reactor 1 and Reactor 2 such as is
the case for Hydrotreater, the reactor effluent after Reactor 1
should be analyzed to properly tune the catalyst activity for
hydrotreating and hydrocracking catalyst.
Some product property requirements are optional (determined by
your needs). The following list provides some examples:
• C6- GC For All Light Materials (LN, HN, Light Ends) --
required
• Distillation -- required
• API Gravity -- required
• Total sulfur and nitrogen for all liquid products -- required
• RVP for the lightest naphtha product -- optional
• RON/MON for all naphthas -- optional
• For Distillates
− Freeze Point -- optional
− Smoke Point -- optional
− Cloud Point -- optional
− Pour Point -- optional
− Sulfur/Nitrogen – required
− Viscosity -- required
Material Balance and Overall Plant Material Balance Sheet for Tuning Runs is required.
Yields Calculation The flow rate for all the feed and product streams should be
provided. The product streams include the purge gas, LPS
overhead gas, pre-stripper overhead gas, LPG and, all the liquid
products. In order to do hydrogen and light gas yields balance, the
gas composition is required for all the product gas streams, LPG
and makeup H2 rate. In order to verify the model, the gas
composition for the recycle gas (make up H2 + HPS overhead
vapor) is also needed. The following tables list the information
needed for material balance.

Liquid Feeds and Products


Feed Bottom Diesel Kerosene Naphtha
Flowrate X X X X X
Density X X X X X
Liquid GC (PINA) X

5-8 • Model Parameterization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Gas Streams
H2 HPS Recycle Purge LPS Stripper or LPG
Makeup overhead Gas Stream Gas overhead reflash
Gas vapor overhead
Flow Rate X X X X X X X
Gas GC, X X X X X
H2-C5
Liquid X
GC
A good material balance is crucial before model tuning.
AspenTech provides an Excel spreadsheet
(HYT_ANALYZE.XLS) to analyze the plant data. The input
requirements for the analyze spreadsheet include:
• Feed - flow rate, specific gravity, Molecular weight,
Distillation (TBP or D2887) and Chemical composition (H, C,
S and N) of all the feeds.
• Flow rate and composition of Makeup H2.
• Flow rate and composition of all the gas products such as purge
gas, low pressure overhead gas, prefrac tower overhead gas.
• Flow rate and composition of LPG
• Feed - flow rate, specific gravity, Molecular weight,
Distillation (TBP or D2887) and Chemical composition (H, C,
S and N) of all the liquid products, such as naphtha, jet,
distillate and bottoms.
The spreadsheet can estimate the molecular weight and chemical
composition (H/C ratio) if the data is missing. However, its
correlation for H/C ratio may not be good enough for a good
hydrogen balance. The spreadsheet provides conversion between
D86 distillation and D2887 distillation on the Conversion
worksheet. But D86 data is usually not sharp enough for a good
tuning of the simplified distillation tower. D2887 should be
obtained for all the liquid products.
In the Material Bal worksheet, it calculates the mass balance,
sulfur balance, nitrogen balance, hydrogen balance, and carbon
balance. The difference between product sulfur and feed sulfur is
assumed to be converted to H2S and absorbed by the H2S
scrubber. The difference between product nitrogen and feed
nitrogen is assumed to be converted to NH3 and dissolved in water
wash.
The mass balance, hydrogen balance, and carbon balance should
be within 1%.
The spreadsheet also calculates:
• Chemical hydrogen consumption.
• C1-C5 light gas yields.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Model Parameterization • 5-9


• Standard cut yields (C6-221C, 221C-321C, 321-366C, 366C-
510C and 510C+).
• Volume and mass yields for liquid product.
This information is needed to tune the model. The data should be
input into the ParamData worksheet in Section 2, Measurements.
The LPS and pre-fraction tower overhead are modeled as
component splitter models. The split fraction for each product
stream is calculated on the Light Gas worksheet.
There are three sets of split factors for streams:
• LPS overhead vapor.
• Prefrac tower overhead vapor.
• Prefrac tower LPG.
The split factor is input into the ParamData worksheet of the
Aspen Hydrotreater spreadsheet, or using the script file for
variables :
PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-OH_SPLIT_XXX =
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGAS_SPLIT_XXX =
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGASPLT_SPLIT_XXX =

Simplified Separation Model


A simplified separation model is applied to model the fractionation
section. Due to the variation of the products specification,
operation condition, and flow sheeting, the separation status varies
significantly from all specific plants. In this simplified model,
there are a set of variables which can be tuned to make the
products match by their quality and yields.
The concept behind simplified fractionator model is that the
logarithm of the ratio of a component (flow not fraction) in
distillate to bottoms (Ln(Di/Bi)) when plotted over temperature
(the boiling point, TBi) of that component yields a straight line
(more or less a linear relationship). Figure 1 below illustrates this
concept.
The model is a collection of interpolation and calculator models to
calculate the split fraction of a certain component based on the
effective cut point and the component’s normal boiling point. The
model interpolates a value of Ln(Di/Bi) for a given TBi. Usually,
the model is configured with 3 points representing the two straight
lines around the effective cut point (where Ln(Di/Bi) = 0, meaning
a 50 % split of the component between top and bottom streams).
The effective cut point is close to the 90% of the top product.
There are three coefficients for each cut to determine the cut point
and separation efficiency:

5-10 • Model Parameterization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


• The effect cut point (ECP).
• The slope of the upper line (SITOP).
• The slope of the bottom line (SIBOT).
The three coefficients are calculated in the SEP worksheet.
For example, a standard main fractionator of the hydrotreater
which has four products (naphtha, jet, distillate and bottom) will
have three sets of ECP, SITOP, and SIBOT. The three factors,
ECP, SITOP and SIBOT, will be determined by the Aspen
Hydrotreater analyze spreadsheet.
When the cut points of the product change, the model can
recalculate the product flow rate and properties by changing the
effective cut points and keep the slope constants.
Figure 2 shows the effective cut points for the Jet/naphtha is 135
C. The upper and bottom slopes are 0.16. You can change the
value in the highlighted cell to best fit the data points in the graph.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Model Parameterization • 5-11


Figure 1
D

y2

SI
Ln (Di/Bi)

E f f e c t iv e C u t P o in t
0

y1
x2 TBi x0 x1

1
Di/Fi

0
x2 x0 x1
TBi

Principle of Simplified Distillation Column

5-12 • Model Parameterization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Figure 2

Key Operating Data Aspen Hydrotreater is a process flowsheet model. Each catalyst
bed is treated as a separate reactor so that
• reaction kinetics
• pressure drop
• catalyst deactivation rates
can be configured and tuned independently.
Standard equipment models are used for everything else.
Therefore, to enable us to configure AspenHYT for a given
installation, we need the following information:

For Standard (non-Reactor) Equipment:


• Heaters – temperatures, pressure drop and constraints
• Heat exchangers – temperatures and pressure drop
• Compressors – temperatures, pressure profiles and
performance curves (optional)
• Flash drums (high pressure and low pressure separator) –
pressures and temperatures
• Wash water injection system – constraints
• Main fractionator / gas plant – dimensions, operation
conditions (rigorous fractionator models only)

For the Reactors


• Bed dimensions (internal diameter, length)
• Quench flows

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Model Parameterization • 5-13


• Pressure drop
• Inlet and outlet temperature
Catalyst Properties/Data • Type
• History (fresh, once-regenerated, and so on)
• Loaded bulk density
• Loading diagram for each bed (for example: 3 inches of ¼"
quartz balls on top, then 3 feet of fresh 1/8 inch extrudates,
then 6 feet of regenerated 1/16 inch extrudates.)
• Total catalyst inventory (by type)
• Deactivation data (temperature, feed properties, operating
mode vs. time) from previous runs
Unit Mechanical Data • PFDs and P&IDs
(Initial tuning only)

Pricing Information (for • Prices for all blend stocks, all products, and all utilities
Optimization Cases) • Incremental value of key product properties (sulfur, octane,
cetane, and so on.)
Recycle Stream Data The recycle oil stream from the bottom of the main fractionator is
another available specification. The recycle oil can go to:
• The inlet of Reactor 1.
-or-
• The inlet of Reactor 2.
The standard specification for recycle oil is the volume flow rate,
which is set as 0.1 {BBL/DAY}.
Do not set the recycle stream to zero.

Running a Parameterization Case


Once all data has been entered, you can run a parameterization
case.

To Run A Parameterization Case:


1 On the AspenHYT toolbar, in the combo box, select the
Parameter option.

2 Click the Play ( ) button.


The Update Profit Reports? window appears.

5-14 • Model Parameterization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


3 Click the Yes button to:
• Update the initial values in these sheets:
1 Profit 1 Report
1 Profit 2 Report
1 Profit 3 Report
• Send the new data to the model and solve to this new
set of conditions.
-or-
Click the No button to:
• Send the new data to the model and solve to this new set of
conditions without updating the initial values on the Profit
sheets.
Note: You can also run a Parameter case by clicking AspenHYT
| Run Cases | Parameter Case on the main menu. If you choose
this method, jump to Step 3 above when the The Update Profit
Reports? window appears.
When the parameterization has been started, the data entered into
the spreadsheet is sent to the AspenHYT model and the command
line dialog box appears as follows:

The only two options on this dialog available to you are:

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Model Parameterization • 5-15


Click this Button to
Abort stop execution of the solution to the model
No Creep remove the creep size constraint on the
problem
The Close Residuals button has no effect for a Parameterization
run. It is relevant only when running an Optimization case.
When the solution is completed:
• The command line dialog disappears.
• The data is retrieved into the spreadsheet.
Typical execution time is between one and three minutes
depending on the number of creep steps and how close to a
solution the model starts.
It is recommended that once the parameter case has been run and
successfully solved, and the results have been carefully reviewed
on the Analysis sheet, the data should be saved, Saving the data
will allow you to load this data at any time so that the starting point
for subsequent solutions will be a valid parameterization.

Reconciliation Cases
You use the Reconciliation Case option to calibrate the
Hydrotreater model.
A reconciliation case is essentially a parameterization case with
degrees of freedom. This is necessary because the Hydrotreater
model has more measurements than parameters to adjust.
Therefore, you input plant data (for example, yields, product
properties, H2 consumption, and so on.) and then run a
Reconciliation case to tune the model.

Simple Parameterization
For simple parameterization (for example, just tuning to match
sulfur from a Hydrotreater) follow these steps:
1 Enter all data on the ParamData page.
2 Set the desired sulfur value to MEAS (for example, bottoms
sulfur or total sulfur out of the last reactor).
3 Set the tuning factor for sulfur (kinetic pathway) to PARAM.
4 Run a PARAMETER case from the menu or from the
command bar.

5-16 • Model Parameterization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


More Detailed Parameterization
1 Enter all data on ParamData page
2 Set the desired biases and sigmas for the Recon Objective
Function (Section 4 on the ParamData page).
• The sigmas correspond to the weighting factors. The higher
the sigma is, the less effect that variable will have on the
objective function.
• These sigmas and biases correspond to typical
measurements we will want to match:
− Temperature rise for each bed
− Volume flow rate for each liquid product
− Weight percent yield for gas yield by carbon number
(C1, C2, C3, and C4)
− Bottoms nitrogen and sulfur content
− API gravity for each liquid product
− Quench gas flow to each bed
− Flow rates for LPS overhead and LPG
− Purge flow
− Hydrogen makeup flow
− Hydrogen consumption
Note: Aspen Hydrotreater comes with a pre-configured Recon
Objective Function that you can use. This objective function is
configured with default values for the biases and the sigmas.
However, if you are an advanced user, you can set up your own
objective functions, but this requires modifying the interface
somewhat.
3 On the main menu, select AspenHYT | Run Cases |
Reconciliation Case.
Note: Tuning factors are reported in Section 3 of the ParamData
page.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Model Parameterization • 5-17


CHAPTER 6

Simulation

Introduction to Simulation
Once the model is satisfactorily tuned to match plant data, it can be
used to predict how changes in the feed rates, feed types and
composition, and operational conditions affect yields and product
properties.
Typically, you enter data into the cells highlighted in blue for each
section.
Note: These highlighted cells are dependent upon the options
selected.

AspenHYT Simulation Strategy


The Aspen Hydrotreater model is an open equation base model.
The manipulated variables (set as CONST on the variable
specification) can be interchanged with the calculated variables
(set as CALC on the variable specification). Whether the variable
is constant or calculated depends on both:
• The specification of the variables.
-and-
• The mode of the model.
Thus the model’s structure lets you configure the variable
specifications to fix a set of specs and then have the model predict
the other set of variables.
You cannot change the values and/or specifications in the cells to
apply to the model running.
You change the model specification by:
• Invoking an EB script file.
-or-

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simulation • 6-1


• Issuing a command in the Command Line window by
selecting AspenHYT | Tools | Display Command Line.
Four simulation modes are provided by Aspen Plus 2004.1
equation-oriented solver engine,
• Simulation mode
• Parameter estimation
• Reconciliation
• Optimization
For instance, to run the model in a simulation mode, you would
issue the following command in the Command Line window,
SET MODE = SIM
Here is an example to illustrate how to do it. As in the Aspen
Hydrotreater model, the feed blend model lets you specify the
feed flow for each feed to which it is applied. So, the flow rates for
each feed are fixed, and the blended flow (total flow) is calculated
with mixer models as shown below:
Variable Name Spec
FEED.AFEED1.BLK.VOLUME CONST
FEED.AFEED2.BLK.VOLUME CONST
FEED.AFEED3.BLK.VOLUME CONST
FEED.AFEED4.BLK.VOLUME CONST
FEED.AFEED5.BLK.VOLUME CONST
FEED.AFEED6.BLK.VOLUME CONST
And
Variable Name Spec
FEED.AFEED.BLK.VOLUME CALC
For the model running, if you want to manipulate the total flow to
fit the specification of your plant measurements, you can fix the
variable FEED.AFEED.BLK.VOLUME by setting its spec as
CONST and free FEED.AFEED1.BLK.VOLUME by setting it as
CALC. This still keeps the model squared. For this change, you
can issue the following lines to the command text box in the
command line window,
FEED.AFEED1.BLK.VOLUME.SPEC = CALC
FEED.AFEED.BLK.VOLUME.SPEC = CONST
In the Aspen Plus solver engine, there also are other specifications
which can be specified for different models running. Some of them
are:
• Constant
• Calculated
• Measured
• Parameterized

6-2 • Simulation Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


• Optimized
For the Measured and Parameterized specifications, whether the
variable is a constant or is calculated depends on the running mode
of the model.

Commonly-Used Scripts in the EB


Script Language
Several script language commands are used with the
AspenHydrotreater model running from command line.
• Set up the mode to run
SET MODE = [SIM | PAR | REC | OPT]
• Display the current running mode. It will return the current
running mode on the window’s display area.
ECHO &MODE
• Change the variable specification
(variable name}.SPEC = [ const | calc | meas |
param | optim | recon ]{
• Get the whole plant specification and save it to a file called
"AHYT3.SCN". After saving this file, Then, you can edit the
file saved as AHYT3.SCN on the disk
PRINT SPEC TO "AHYT3.SCN"

AspenHYT Variable Specifications


Model CONST The Current Model Settings for the DEMO model are listed
Specifications below. Click on a Section name to see the specifications.
FEED Section
RXN Section - Operating
RXN Section - Kinetics
PRODSP Section
FEED Section In the feed section, most of the properties should be specified for
model running. It includes,
• Individual feed volume flow rate. There are six pre-specified
feeds provided in the feed section. The flow rates for each feed
stream must be specified correctly. To turn off any individual
stream for a specific plant, set the flow rate to zero. If you trust
the total fresh feed to the reactor, the total feed flowrate can be
swapped with one of the individual feeds.
Note: The calculated feed flow should be big enough to avoid
a negative flow for this feed.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simulation • 6-3


• Base Feed fingerprint for each feed. Fingerprint data can be
generated from NOISE (GC/MS) data analysis of individual
feeds.
• Feed Properties for each feed. Those properties include API,
Sulfur, Total Nitrogen and basic nitrogen, Bromine number,
Refractive index (20C) and Viscosity (210F)* and True boiling
point or simulated distillation.
*Can be calculated from specific gravity and distillation
RXN Section - Operating The specification in the reaction section is usually presented in
terms of process operating condition and reactor kinetics. With a
specific running situation, some specs can be swapped with others.
Therefore, the specifications are presented by CONST/CALC
pairing information.
• Gas/Oil ratio to first reactor. Usually, reactor feed is
performed with a given Gas/Oil ratio. So, either:
1 Free the recycle gas rate to Reactor 1.
RXN.GOR.BLK.R1_INLET_GO-RATIO.SPEC = CONST
-or-
1 Free the H2 makeup gas rate and fix the Gas/Oil ratio.
RXN.QH2SPLIT.BLK.STRM_2_MOLES.SPEC = CALC
-or-
RXN.H2MAKE1.BLK.MOLES.SPEC = CALC
• Fresh Feed inlet temperature.
• Furnace outlet temp. To fix the outlet temperature of the
furnace (actually the Aspen Plus heater block), you can free the
duty of the block.
RXN.HTR.BLK.C_OUT_TEMP = CONST
RXN.HTR.BLK.DUTY.SPEC = CALC
• Inlet temperature for each reactor beds. This is a general
specification for reactor operation. In order to do so, the
recycle gas quench flow to each reactor beds is free.
RXN.QR1B2.BLK.PROD_TEMP.SPEC = CONST
RXN.QR2B1.BLK.PROD_TEMP.SPEC = CONST
RXN.QR2B2.BLK.PROD_TEMP.SPEC = CONST
RXN.QH2SPLIT.BLK.STRM_3_MOLES.SPEC = CALC
RXN.QH2SPLIT.BLK.STRM_4_MOLES.SPEC = CALC
RXN.QH2SPLIT.BLK.STRM_5_MOLES.SPEC = CALC
• High pressure receiver temperature. Put CALC on FINFAN
heater block duty variable.
RXN.FINFAN.BLK.H_OUT_TEMP.SPEC = CONST
RXN.FINFAN.BLK.DUTY.SPEC = CALC
• Prod/Feed effluent heat exchanger hot side outlet temp
• Recycle gas compressor outlet temperature

6-4 • Simulation Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


• High pressure receiver pressure. Reactor outlet pressure, or
recycle compressor outlet pressure is free.
RXN.HPS.BLK.PROD_PRES.SPEC = CONST
RXN.R2B2.BLK.OUTLET_PRES.SPEC = CALC or
RXN.RGCOMP.BLK.PROD_PRES.SEPC = CALC
• Pressure drop for each reactor bed, furnace, heat
exchanger. These specifications allow the pressure
propagation through the streams flow affecting the simulation
results.
• Make up Hydrogen composition.
• Purge gas/total recycle gas ratio.
RXN.RGPURGE.BLK.STRM_3_RATIO.SPEC = CONST
RXN.RGPURGE.BLK.STRM_3_MOLES.SPEC = CALC
RXN Section - Kinetics The Aspen HYT reactor model uses the group activity factor to
change the relative reaction rate of different reaction mechanism.
The overall pre-exponential factor, k total , is a combination of the
three rate factors:.
k total = K global ∗ K irgroup ∗ K jrate
Where:
K global = the global rate constants for each reaction bed

K irgroup = the reaction group activity factors

K jrate = the Individual rate

The tables below show the constant K-factors for each bed of the
reactor model (here only R1B1 is presented)
RXN.R2B2.BLK.GLOBAL_ACTIVITY

Global activity variables for the first bed of the first reactor
Activity variable Value Spec
RXN.R1B1.BLK.GLOBAL_ACTIVITY CONST
RXN.R1B2.BLK.GLOBAL_ACTIVITY CONST
RXN.R2B1.BLK.GLOBAL_ACTIVITY CONST
RXN.R2B2.BLK.GLOBAL_ACTIVITY CONST

Group activity variables for the first bed of the first reactor
Activity variable Value Spec
R1B1.BLK.SAT_ACT 1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.HSAT_ACT 1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.MSAT_ACT 1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.LSAT_ACT 1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.HDS_ACT 1.5141 CONST
R1B1.BLK.HHDS_ACT 1 CONST

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simulation • 6-5


R1B1.BLK.MHDS_ACT 0.75812 CONST
R1B1.BLK.LHDS_ACT 1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.HDN_ACT 1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.HHDN_ACT 1.6755 CONST
R1B1.BLK.LHDN_ACT 1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.PCR_ACT 0.2447 CONST
R1B1.BLK.HPCR_ACT 1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.MPCR_ACT 1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.LPCR_ACT 10 CONST
R1B1.BLK.ROP_ACT 0.1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.HROP_ACT 1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.MROP_ACT 1 CONST
R1B1.BLK.LROP_ACT 1 CONST

Constant Variables for the Individual Reaction Rate


Variable Name Value Spec
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG1 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG2 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG3 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG4 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG5 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG6 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG7 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG8 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG9 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG10 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG11 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG12 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG13 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG14 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG15 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG16 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG17 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG18 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG19 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG20 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG21 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG22 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG23 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG24 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG25 CONST

6-6 • Simulation Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG26 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG27 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG28 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG29 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG30 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG31 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG32 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG33 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG34 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG35 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG36 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG37 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG38 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG39 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG40 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG41 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG42 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG43 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG44 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG45 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR1 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR2 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR3 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR4 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR5 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR6 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR7 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR8 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR9 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR10 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR11 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR12 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_SHCR1 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_SHCR2 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_SHCR3 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP1 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP2 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP3 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP4 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP5 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP6 CONST

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simulation • 6-7


RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP7 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP8 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP9 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP10 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP11 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP12 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP13 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP14 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP15 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP16 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP17 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP18 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP19 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP20 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP21 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP22 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP23 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP24 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP25 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP26 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP27 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP28 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP29 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP30 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP31 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP32 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP33 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP34 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP35 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP36 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP37 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP38 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP39 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA1 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA2 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA3 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA4 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA5 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA6 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA7 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA8 CONST

6-8 • Simulation Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA9 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA10 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA11 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA12 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA13 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA14 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA15 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA16 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA17 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA18 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA19 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA20 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA21 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA22 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA23 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA24 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA25 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA26 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA27 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA28 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA29 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA30 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA31 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA32 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA33 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA34 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA35 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA36 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA37 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA38 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA39 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA40 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA41 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA42 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA43 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA44 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA45 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA46 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA47 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA48 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA49 CONST

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simulation • 6-9


RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA50 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA51 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA52 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA53 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA54 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA55 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA56 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA57 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA58 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS1 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS2 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS3 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS4 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS5 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS6 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS7 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS8 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS9 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS10 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS11 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS12 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS13 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS14 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS15 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDN1 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDN2 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDN3 CONST
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDN4 CONST

PRODSP Section CONST CALC


PRODSP.JETTOWER.SPLTCA 90% point of product Jet
LC.BLK.ECP PRODSP.ANJET.BLK.D86CRV
The Distillate/Bottom cut points _D86CRV_90
PRODSP.MFBTMS.SPLTCALC. 90% of Heavy Naphtha
BLK.ECP PRODSP.ANHVN.BLK.D86CR
The heavy naphtha/Distillate cut V_D86CRV_90
point
PRODSP.MFHVN.SPLTCALC. 90% of light Naphtha
BLK.ECP PRODSP.ANLVN.BLK.D2887C
The light naphtha/heavy naphtha RV_TBPCRVWT_90
cut points

6-10 • Simulation Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


The split ratio of pre-fractionation LPG composition
tower
The split ratio of LPS Fuel gas composition
The de-lumping ratio of Distillation curve of Distillate and
CMAPPER Bottoms
Model Tuning Facts The basic tuning facts in the reaction section of Aspen
with Specifications Hydrotreater are provided mainly based on the types of catalysts
Model Tuning Facts with types and their deactivation. The Aspen Hydrotreater model is
Specifications- built so the model can be tuned consistently. This section discusses
Introduction model tuning.

Reaction Rate Tuning The table shows the group rate constants that must be adjusted to
Strategy match the plant observation.
Observation Group Rate constants
Each Reactor Bed temperature Global Rate constants for each
rise reactor bed
Product Sulfur HDS Group Activity factors
Product Nitrogen HDN Group Activity factors
Product Yields Cracking Group Activity factors 1
Hydrogen consumption/Total Hydrogenation Group activity
temperature rise in the reactor factors
Relative amount of Ring opening group activity
paraffins/naphthene ratio in the factors
bottoms
The variables that remain constant in the model tuning are:
• Equilibrium constants for Aromatic saturating.
• Heat of reaction for each reactions.
• Activation energy for each reaction.
• Adsorption constants for NH 3, nitrogen compounds, H2S, and
Aromatics.
• Reaction order for H 2.
Feed Property Tuning In the Aspen Hydrotreater model, Feed Adjuster models are
applied to each feed stream. For the feed specifications, the bulk
properties and the distillation information for each inlet stream,
such as API gravity, refractive index, and viscosity are used to
calculate the carbon on the aromatics and the carbon on the
naphthene in the Feed Adjuster models. Because of the degrees of
freedom for the model tuning, the Feed Adjuster model does not
match all properties exactly.
In tuning the Feed Adjuster model with detailed feed analysis and
product properties, you should calculate the bias for the gross

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simulation • 6-11


properties. In model runs for feed property calibration, the bias of
some properties should be constant and the measurement for the
feed properties should be calc, which means that you need to swap
the specification between measurements and biases. The table
below gives the all paired variables to make sure they are swapped
during the model runs.
CONST CALC
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_ FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_
FEED1_RI_LAB_MEAS FEED1_RI_LAB_BIAS
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_ FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_
FEED1_CST210_MEAS FEED1_CST210_BIAS
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_ FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_
FEED1_TOTAL_CA FEED1_TOTAL_CA_BIAS
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_ FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_
FEED1_NDM_CN FEED1_NDM_CN_BIAS
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_ FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_
FEED1_H_CONTENT FEED1_H_CONT_BIAS
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_ FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_
FEED1_MOL_WT FEED1_MOL_WT_BIAS
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_ FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_
FEED1_LIT_LMP_WABP FEED1_LIT_LMP_WABP_BIA
S
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_ FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_
FEED1_MED_LMP_WABP FEED1_MED_LMP_WABP_BI
AS
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_ FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_
FEED1_HVY_LMP_WABP FEED1_HVY_LMP_WABP_BI
AS
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_ FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_
FEED1_LIGHT_CUT_PT_400F FEED1_LIGHT_CUT_PT_400F_
BIAS
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_ FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_
FEED1_HEAVY_CUT_PT_650F FEED1_HEAVY_CUT_PT_650F
_BIAS
Separation Model Tuning For the simplified separation model, the effective cut point (ECP)
can be tuned to match your distillation with some constrains.
Below is a list of ECP variables for main fractionator and jet tower
separation.
Variable Name Spec
PRODSP.JETTOWER.SPLTCALC.BLK.ECP CONST
PRODSP.MFBTMS.SPLTCALC.BLK.ECP CONST
PRODSP.MFHVN.SPLTCALC.BLK.ECP CONST
Alternatives to Model One of the advantages of an open equation running mode is that
Running Mode specified variables can be swapped with others based on the way

6-12 • Simulation Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


the model is built. So, the alternatives for the simulation running
are configured as shown below. The tables below show the
constant specifications for those eight modes:
• Fixed inlet temperatures. This is the demo case as specified.
The constant variables:
Variable Name Spec
RXN.HTR.BLK.C_OUT_TEMP CONST
RXN.QR1B2.BLK.PROD_TEMP CONST
RXN.QR2B1.BLK.PROD_TEMP CONST
RXN.QR2B2.BLK.PROD_TEMP CONST
Note: The specified variables are usually set on block outlet
variables. This helps to easily understand the specification.
• Fixed outlet temperatures. The inlet temperature specifications
are swapped to reactor bed outlet temperatures.
Variable Name Spec
RXN.R1B1.BLK.OUTLET_TEMP CONST
RXN.R1B2.BLK.OUTLET_TEMP CONST
RXN.R2B1.BLK.OUTLET_TEMP CONST
RXN.R2B2.BLK.OUTLET_TEMP CONST
• Fixed WART and T-rises
Variable Name Spec
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R1B2R1B1_OUTTEMP_DELTA CONST
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B2R2B1_OUTTEMP_DELTA CONST
RXN.WABT.BLK.R1_WART CONST
RXN.WABT.BLK.R2_WART CONST
• Fixed sulfur in the bottom and T-rises biases
Variable Name Spec
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R1B2R1B1_T-RISE_DELTA CONST
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B1R1B2_T-RISE_DELTA CONST
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B2R2B1_T-RISE_DELTA CONST
PRODSP.ANBTMS.BLK.WSULFUR_HYTSUL CONST
• Fixed nitrogen in the bottom and T-rises biases
Variable Name Spec
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R1B2R1B1_T-RISE_DELTA CONST
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B1R1B2_T-RISE_DELTA CONST
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B2R2B1_T-RISE_DELTA CONST
PRODSP.ANBTMS.BLK.WNITRO_HYTNITR CONST
• Fixed sulfur in the bottom and outlet T biases
Variable Name Spec

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simulation • 6-13


RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R1B2R1B1_OUTTEMP_DELTA CONST
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B1R1B2_OUTTEMP_DELTA CONST
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B2R2B1_OUTTEMP_DELTA CONST
PRODSP.ANBTMS.BLK.WSULFUR_HYTSUL CONST
• Fixed nitrogen in the bottom and outlet T biases
Variable Name Spec
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R1B2R1B1_OUTTEMP_DELTA CONST
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B1R1B2_OUTTEMP_DELTA CONST
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B2R2B1_OUTTEMP_DELTA CONST
PRODSP.ANBTMS.BLK.WNITRO_HYTNITR CONST
• Fixed conversion, and outlet T biases
Variable Name Spec
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R1B2R1B1_OUTTEMP_DELTA CONST
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B1R1B2_OUTTEMP_DELTA CONST
RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B2R2B1_OUTTEMP_DELTA CONST
RXN.YIELDS.BLK.CONVERSION_WT_PCT CONST
Flow Sheet Changes By varying the flowsheet, the Aspen Hydrotreater model has the
Flow Sheet Changes - flexibility to match the process measurements with certain
Introduction specification changes. This provides the opportunity to use one
model to fit multiple flowsheets.
Reaction Section Change In general, there is only one reactor with two to four beds in a
Hydrotreater plant. To reduce redundant work on flowsheeting,
you can turn off the second reactor by setting a set of specific
process variables.

To Turn Off The Second Reactor:


1 Turn the quench flow to the second reactor to zero.
2 Because the reactor specifications on reactor outlet
temperatures are fixed by calculating the recycle gas flow rates
(quench flow), you should swap the specification on the outlet
temperatures of the second reactor to the recycle gas flow.
Current Spec Specs for R2 off
QR2B2.BLK.PROD_TE F007.BLK.QUENCH_TO_R2B1_PL
MP ANT
QR2B1.BLK.PROD_TE F008.BLK.QUENCH_TO_R2B2_PL
MP ANT
Note: With different simulation schemes (given a specific set of
specifications) the original constant specifications for swapping
can vary.
3 Set the flow variables to zero,
F007.BLK.QUENCH_TO_R2B1_PLANT = 1.0E-6

6-14 • Simulation Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


F008.BLK.QUENCH_TO_R2B2_PLANT = 1.0E-6
4 Turn the reactor global activities for all beds to zero to avoid
any reaction taking place in the reactor.
R2B1.BLK.GLOBAL_ACTIVITY.value = 0.00000001
R2B2.BLK.GLOBAL_ACTIVITY.value = 0.00000001
Separation Section As the Aspen Hydrotreater model is built, there are two vapor
Change product streams:
• LPS overhead
• pre-fractionation overhead gas
and five liquid streams:
• LPG
• light naphtha
• heavy naphtha
• distillate
• bottoms
If the gas flow and composition are known, to adjust the LPS
overhead flow rate and composition, you can change the following
split ratios:
• PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-OH_SPLIT_N2
• PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-OH_SPLIT_NH3
• PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-OH_SPLIT_H2S
• PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-OH_SPLIT_H2
• PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-OH_SPLIT_C1
• PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-OH_SPLIT_C2
• PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-OH_SPLIT_C3
• PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-OH_SPLIT_C4
• PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-OH_SPLIT_C5
Similarly, to adjust the pre-fractionation overhead composition,
you can change the following split ratios:
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGAS_SPLIT_N2
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGAS_SPLIT_NH3
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGAS_SPLIT_H2S
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGAS_SPLIT_H2
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGAS_SPLIT_C1
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGAS_SPLIT_C2
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGAS_SPLIT_C3
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGAS_SPLIT_C4
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGAS_SPLIT_C5

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simulation • 6-15


To adjust the LPG flow rate and composition, you can change the
following split ratios:
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGASPLT_SPLIT_N2
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGASPLT_SPLIT_NH3
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGASPLT_SPLIT_H2S
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGASPLT_SPLIT_H2
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGASPLT_SPLIT_C1
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGASPLT_SPLIT_C2
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGASPLT_SPLIT_C3
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGASPLT_SPLIT_C4
• PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGASPLT_SPLIT_C5
The separation of the liquid products is calculated using the
simplified separation model. You can change the flow rate, cut
point and overlap between the liquid products by adjusting the cut
point and top/bottom slopes. as shown below.

Light naphtha/heavy naphtha


Cut point PRODSP.MFHVN.SPLTCALC.BLK.ECP
Top slope PRODSP.MFHVN.SPLTCALC.BLK.SITOP
Bottom slope PRODSP.MFHVN.SPLTCALC.BLK.SIBOT

Heavy naphtha/distillate
Cut point PRODSP.MFBTMS.SPLTCALC.BLK.ECP
Top slope PRODSP.MFBTMS.SPLTCALC.BLK.SITOP
Bottom slope PRODSP.MFBTMS.SPLTCALC.BLK.SIBOT

Distillate/Bottom
Cut point PRODSP.JETTOWER.SPLTCALC.BLK.ECP
Top slope PRODSP.JETTOWER.SPLTCALC.BLK.SITOP
Bottom slope PRODSP.JETTOWER.SPLTCALC.BLK.SIBOT
To avoid negative product flows, the cut point should always be
increasing from light gasoline to bottom.
Feed Specification As the Aspen Hydrotreater model is built, there are six streams
Change built for typical feeds fed into the reactor. So, if a feed is not
applied to a specific plant, you can turn the flow rate for that
stream to zero to eliminate the stream.
In order to avoid model stiff and/or singularity, you can set the
flow as small as you can (for example, 10E-6).
Running a Simulation After you have entered input data, you can solve the model with
Case the updated data by selecting the Simulate option from the
Introduction AspenHYT toolbar and then selecting the play button.

6-16 • Simulation Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Alternatively, select the Run Cases option from the AspenHYT
menu and select the Simulation Case option from the sub-menu.
In either case, when the solution is initiated, the model is updated
with all input data and then solved. The command line dialog
appears while the model is being solved.
When the solver has concluded (following convergence or failure)
the Simulation sheet is updated with data from the model. No
other sheets are updated.

Error Recovery You should check the convergence status shown at the top of the
simulation sheet after running the simulate case. The results on the
simulation sheet are only meaningful if the convergence status is
converged. If the status is not converged, then it is generally
desirable to return the simulation sheet and model to their pre-
solution states.

To Return The Simulation Sheet And Model To Their Pre-


Solution States:
1 Restore the model to the base parameter case by clicking
AspenHYT | File | Load Case Data.
2 Browse for the .var file in which you saved the results of the
base parameter case.
3 Restore the simulation sheet user input by clicking
AspenHYT | File | Load User Input Sheet.
4 Examine the input data as compared with the base parameter
case. Convergence failure for the simulation case typically has
one of two basic causes:

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simulation • 6-17


• Poor or erroneous data were entered as input (blue-colored
cells). For example:
− Check that reasonable feed property data were entered
for all feeds.
− Check that reasonable catalyst property data were
entered for all catalysts.
− Check that the cut points entered for light naphtha and
LCO are physically possible.
• The solver parameters are too "aggressive" for the data entered.
For example, a large change in feed rate (greater than 15%)
may require more conservative solver parameters.

Error Recovery
Error Recovery - You should check the convergence status shown at the top of the
Parameterization param sheet after running the parameter case. The results on the
param and analysis sheets are only meaningful if the convergence
status is converged. If the status is not converged, then it is
generally desirable to return the param sheet and model to their
"pre-solution" states.

To Return The Simulation Sheet And Model To A Converged


Parameter Case:
1 Restore the simulation sheet user input by clicking AspenHYT
| File | Load Case Data.
2 If this is your first attempt at running a param case, then load
user_default.var or the .varfile created by AspenTech for
your site.
If you have converged parameter cases for your unit, then load
the corresponding .txt file that most closely represents the
process conditions and input data for the new parameter case.
3 Restore the param sheet user input by clicking AspenHYT |
File | Load User Input Sheet.
4 Examine the input data as compared with the base parameter
case.
Convergence failure for the parameter case typically has one of
three basic causes:
• Poor or erroneous data were entered as input (blue-colored
cells). For example:
− Check that physically realistic property data were
entered for all feeds and products. For example, do all

6-18 • Simulation Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


distillation points must increase as a function of percent
distilled.
− Check that physically realistic property data were
entered for all catalysts. For example, the ECAT
activity must always be lower than fresh activity.
− Check that physically realistic mechanical data were
entered. For example, the regenerator cyclone height
must be greater than the bed height.
• Some of the input data violate valid ranges. Such restrictions
are a consequence of the equation-based manner in which the
model has been formulated. Observe the following guidelines
when entering data:
− Do not set any recycle rate to zero. For zero recycle
rates, use a very small number instead (e.g. 0.1
BBL/D).
− "Fraction to riser bottom": The midriser feed rate must
be nonzero. If the midriser feed rate is in fact zero, set
the "fraction to riser bottom" for feed 1 equal to
0.999999.
− Data restrictions for light-ends analyses:
- Compositions for any one stream must not sum to zero,
including streams having a zero flow rate.
- For the light and heavy naphtha streams, all C5+ components
must be nonzero, again including any stream having a zero
flow rate.
- For any one component, the sum of its composition across all
streams must not be zero.
− Do not enter zero for any flue gas component.
• The solver parameters are too "aggressive" for the data entered.
For example, a large change in feed rate (greater than 15%)
may require more conservative solver parameters.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simulation • 6-19


CHAPTER 7

Running Multiple Cases

Overview
In addition to single cases, Aspen HYT lets you run multiple cases
at a time to retrieve the results into a single area that is easy to
work with. This can be useful if you want to see how the model
responds to changes in one or more variables.
For example, you might want to see what the gasoline yield looks
like as a function of riser overhead temperature. To do this, you
would want to run multiple cases with different temperatures, and
then the results reported and graphed to determine where the over-
cracking peak occurs. This can easily be accomplished by running
the case study option.

Before You Start


Before running a case study, you must first set up which variables
will be varied and which variables will be reported.

To do this:
1 From the Aspen HYT menu select Setup Cases.
2 From the sub-menu select Case Study from the sub-menu as
shown below.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Running Multiple Cases • 7-1


This activates the Case Study worksheet and opens a dialog box
from which you can choose the independent variables that will be
varied and the variables that will be reported as shown below.

3 Select the variables and click the OK button to set up the


worksheet.
4 On the new dialog box that opens, specify the first and last case
to run.
5 Click the OK button.
The worksheet is updated.

7-2 • Running Multiple Cases Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


The independent variable names appear on the Case Study page in
Column A starting with Row 9. The reported variables appear on
the Case Study page in Column A starting with Row 111. Column
B is reserved for optional user labels.
6 Once the spreadsheet is set up, input values for the independent
variables for each case to be run.
The model is now ready to execute a case study.
7 On the AspenHYT toolbar, select the Case Study option; then
click the play button, as shown below.

Before the case study commences, a dialog box requesting the first
and last case opens.
8 Enter the correct information; then click the OK button.
The command line opens and the case study begins with the first
case you specified.
After the first case is solved the command line closes while the
data is retrieved to the spreadsheet. The command line re-opens
when each subsequent case starts.
For case studies, neither the HYT Summary page nor the Param
Data page is updated.
After the independent variable data has been sent, the cells are
highlighted in blue. Similarly, after the reported variables have
been retrieved, those cells are highlighted in blue.
In addition to reporting values for all of the specified report
variables, a set of LP vectors is generated for each case. These LP
vectors correspond to the LP vectors that have been set up on the
LP Vector worksheet. These are reported in the LP vector section
of the case study page starting with Row 1005. Column A lists the
dependent variables and Column B lists the independent variables.
The values that are returned for a case study are highlighted in
blue.
Note: When a new case study is set up or run, the data that are
currently in the worksheet are not automatically erased. To remove
any unwanted data, you must manually highlight and delete the
unwanted data.
Each step of the case study typically requires about one minute to
solve and update the spreadsheet. A single case study is somewhat
faster than a corresponding simulation because less data is sent to
and retrieved from the model.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Running Multiple Cases • 7-3


CHAPTER 8

Optimization

Optimization Basics
You use Optimization to maximize or minimize a specified
objective function by manipulating independent variables (feed
stream, block input, or other input variables). The objective
function is an equation that is used by the optimization engine to
determine the manner in which to manipulate the degrees of
freedom (independent variables) in a problem. The optimization
engine for HYT model is DMO solver.
You can have more than one objective function in a problem, but
only one is used by the engine during the solution. In
Optimization cases in the HYT model, the objective functions are
normally economic:
• Maximize operating profit.
• Minimize operating cost.
• And so on.
Although Aspen Plus 2004.1 lets you define three different types
of objective functions:
• Linear
• Sum of Squares
• Symbolic
the HYT model uses only objective functions that are in linear
form.

Syntax of Setting Bounds:


Aspen 2004.1 lets you bound every variable in the problem as
shown below:
xl < x < xu

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Optimization • 8-1


Specifying Bounds for Independent Variables
Independent variables are those variables that can be changed
independently; for example, the feed rate in the HYT unit. The
optimizer can vary the values of independent variables to push the
values of the objective function in the defined direction (maximize
profit or minimize cost) until some bounds are reached.
Each independent variable accounts for a degree of freedom. The
number of degrees of freedom is equal to the number of
independent variables in an optimization run, if no independent
variable is at its bound.
You can impose upper and lower bounds on independent variables
to prevent the solution from deviating too far from the starting
point. You can also impose step bounds on independent variables.

Setting Step Bounds:


The step bound of an independent variable defines how much the
value of the variable can be changed in a single optimization run.
Step Bound Syntax is shown below.
Xl = max(X - |Xstep|, Xlower )
Xu = min(X + |Xstep|, Xupper )
The actual bounds used in the run are computed using:
• The step bound
• The initial value.
• The lower bound.
• The upper bound.
You must specify upper and lower bounds for all independent
variables. Optionally, you can also define the step bounds for
independent variables.
Most dependent variables in the HYT model have very wide
bounds, for example:
• 1.E20 for the upper bound.
• 1.E20 for the lower bound.

Specifying Bounds for Dependent Variables:


In general you should not heavily bound an optimization problem
for reasons that are both practical and algorithmic. While
AspenTech recommends bounds on independent variables to avoid
unbounded problems, all other bounds should be used only when
absolutely necessary.
However, some dependent variables have physical meaning. For
these, you should specify appropriate bounds to prevent the

8-2 • Optimization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


solution from getting into infeasible operating conditions. For
example, there is a metallurgic limit on regenerator cyclone
temperature. Therefore, you should set an upper bound for this
variable. When setting up an Optimization case in the HYT
model, you need to define only those constrained dependent
variables.

Setting Up Objective Functions


The first step to setting up an optimization case is to set up the
objective function(s). The objective function appears in the form of
profit function in the Aspen HYT model. You can set up three
different profit functions in EXCEL interface. The pre-configured
spreadsheets (Profit1, Profit2,and Profit3) contained in the
interface let you easily set up profit functions of the following
form:
Profit = F1 * (V1 + (IP1_1 –BV1_1)*IV1_1 +
(IP2_1 –BV2_1)*IV2_1 +
(IP3_1 –BV3_1)*IV3_1) + F2 * (V2 + (IP1_2 –
BV1_2)*IV2_1 +
(IP2_2 –BV2_2)*IV2_2 + (IP3_2 –BV3_2)*IV3_2) +

Where:
F1 and F2 represent some principal properties to which values (V1
and V2) are attached. For example:
• Let F1 represent the product diesel flow rate
• Let V1 the value of the diesel
• Let F2 represent the light naphtha flow rate
• Let V2 the value of the light naphtha
IP1_1, IP1_2, and IP1_3 represent incremental properties that can
change the value of F1. In the example, if F1 is considered to be
the diesel flow rate:
• IP1_1 might be the cetane index
• IP1_2 might be the pour point
• IP1_3 might be the sulfur content
BV1_1, BV1_2, and BV1_3 are the base values of cetane index,
pour point and sulfur content.
The difference between the calculated value and base value for
each incremental property is then multiplied by the corresponding
values (IV1_1, IV2_1, and IV3_1). For example, if the base value
of cetane index (BV1_1) is 40:
• The calculated value (IP1_1) is 41.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Optimization • 8-3


• The value IV1_1 is 0.25.
• The value of diesel (V1) is increased by 0.25.
You can specify as many principal properties as you want. You can
specify from zero to three incremental properties for each principal
property.
Setting up objective functions involves two steps:
• Selecting variables for the principal properties you are
interested in
• Selecting incremental properties for those variables
• Entering data for the properties on the ProfitX worksheet

To Set Up a Specific Objective Function (For example Profit


1):
1 On the main menu, click AspenHYT | Setup Cases.
2 On the submenu, click Profit 1.
The Add Variables to Objective Functions dialog appears:

Any variable in this list is marked Yes in Column AB (with the


title Profit 1 Selected) on the ReceiveVars page. The default list
includes most product streams and feed streams that can be used in
a profit function. You can add variables to this list by putting Yes
in Column AB on the ReceiveVars page for the desired variables.
3 Select or deselect variables to be included in the computation
of the objective function. To select a variable, check the box to
the left of the variable. To deselect a variable, clear the box to
the left of the variable.

8-4 • Optimization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


4 For each variable to which you want to add an incremental,
click the variable.
The Add Properties to the Selected Product dialog appears.
5 Check up to three properties to be added to the variable you
selected.
6 Click the OK button to add properties to the variable (they will
also appear on the Profit1 worksheet).
–or-
Click the Cancel button to abort the adding and deleting of
properties to the variable.
You are returned to the Add Variables to Objective Functions
dialog.
7 When you are finished adding variables and incrementals to the
objective variable:
Click the OK button to add the checked (and delete the
cleared) variables from the Profit1 worksheet.
–or-
Click the Cancel button to abort the adding and deleting of
variables for the objective function.

Entering Data About Properties on the ProfitX Worksheet:


After you have selected the all the principal properties and
incremental properties that comprise the objective function, they
will appear on the ProfitX (Profit1 in the example) worksheet.
You must now enter values for each principal property and each
incremental property.

Entering Data About Principal Properties:


For all principal property variables:
Description Colum
n
variable name C
units of the variable D
price unit G
Each principal property occupies one row. Only one value is
needed for each principal property.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Optimization • 8-5


You must enter the appropriate price value in Column E. In the
example shown, all flow rates are in thousands of barrels per day.
Therefore, the values are entered as dollars per thousands of
barrels.
If you select a unitless variable for the objective function, such as
conversion, the value is also unitless.
If the principal property is a cost (such as feed value), the value
would be negative.

8-6 • Optimization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Entering Data About Incremental Properties:

The incremental properties are listed to the right of the principal


properties on the ProfitX (here, Profit1) worksheet. For all
incremental property variables, the variable name appears in
Column H. Each incremental property is in the same row of the
principal property that the incremental property is associated with.
In the example shown, the incremental property, Hydrocarbon of
aromatic in the bottom of the main fractionator, is in Row 17,
the row of its corresponding principal property, Debutanizer
bottom flow.
Two values are needed for each incremental property:
• Base
• Price
The base value is the value at which the incremental property has
no effect on the principal property. For example, the value of
$10,000/MLBPH is the value of the debutanizer bottom stream
with a Aromatics of 30 in the example shown.
The price value is the amount of cost. In the example, each
increase of 1 Aromatic raises the cost by $1. All incremental
properties are either unitless or have a fixed unit type such as
weight percent sulfur. Penalty or bonus is calculated by
multiplying the deviation from the base value and the price of unit
deviation.
To identify each incremental property, you can assign a label for
each incremental property. You can enter the label in Column G.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Optimization • 8-7


In the example, the label Octane BBL is entered for RDON of
light naphtha as well as for RDON of heavy naphtha. If a
principal property has more than one incremental property, the
second and the third one lie to further right on the same row. The
entry for the second and the third incremental properties is similar
to that for the first incremental property.

To identify each incremental property, you can enter a label for


each incremental property in Column G.
Follow the same procedure to set up objective functions of Profit2
and Profit3.
The location of marking on the ReceiveVars page and SendVars
page may be different. You should be able to find corresponding
columns by looking at the column titles on those two pages. In
order to save the changes made to the objective function pages,
save the worksheet.
Any variable in this list has a name in Column AE (with the title I1
name) on the ReceiveVars page. The label, base, and price of the
incremental properties are lists in Columns AF to AH on the
ReceiveVars page. The default list includes most of important
product properties. You add variables to this list by editing
Columns AE through AH on the ReceiveVars page for the desired
variables.

8-8 • Optimization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Setting Up An Optimization
In addition to setting up the objective functions used to optimize,
you must also set up the optimization variables and any bounds
that are necessary. For example, you can choose to optimize Profit
1 by varying the feed rate of Feed 1. However, the unit may have
constraints to how much wet gas can be processed, so the wet gas
volume would be selected as a dependent constraint variable.
The independent variables have the specification of Const if
optimization has never been set up before. However, not all
variables with the Const specification in the model are included in
independent variable list. Only those variables that can be
manipulated in the Hydrotreater unit will appear. Those variables
are identified by Opt in Column R (with title Opt) on the
SendVars page.
The default list of independent variables should be able to handle
most optimization runs. If you want to use other variables as
independent variables, manually set up those variables on the
SendVars page.
After a variable is selected on the independent list, the
corresponding Column V (with title Opt Select) on the SendVars
page is marked YES for this variable. When solving the
optimization case, the variable is sent to Command Line with
Optim specification. However, the SendVars page still keeps the
original Const specification for this variable.
The dependent constraint variables have the specification of Meas
or Calc. However, not all variables with Meas and Calc
specification appear in the list. Only those variables that represent
operation constraints in Hydrotreater units appear in the list. Those
variables are identified by Opt in Column R (with title Opt) the
SendVars page. The default list of dependent variables represents
all constraints commonly met in HYTU operation.
If you have a particular constraint that is not represented by any
variable on the list, manually set up those variables on the
SendVars page.
After a variable is selected on the dependent list, the corresponding
Column Y (with the title Opt Select) on the SendVars page is
marked YES for this variable.
Aspen HYT presents only CONST variables in the pick list of
independent variable and only CALC and MEAS variables in the
pick list of dependent variables in order to ensure that whatever set
you choose will lead to a well-posed problem.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Optimization • 8-9


To Set Up An Optimization:
1 On the AspenHYT menu, select Setup Cases.
2 On the submenu, select Optimization.

This activates the Optimize worksheet, and opens the Setup


Optimization Case dialog from which you can select:
• The desired independent variables (extra degrees of freedom).
• The dependent constraint variables.
3 Click the check box to the right of the variable name to select a
variable.
-or-
Click the check box to the right of a selected variable name to
deselect a variable.
4 When the independent variables and the dependent constraint
variables have been selected, click the OK button to complete
the setup.
-or-
Click the Cancel button to close the dialog box without making
any changes to the optimization problem.
The selected variables and their current values will then appear on
the Optimize spreadsheet. After you set up an optimization, a
message box appears to remind you to Make sure the profit
function is defined before running the optimize case.

8-10 • Optimization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


After selecting the desired independent variables and dependent
constraint variables, you should then input lower and upper bounds
in Columns C and F by the appropriate variables. You can also
input step bounds for the independent variables in Column G.
The optimization is now ready to solve. To save the changes made
to the Optimize pages, save the worksheet.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Optimization • 8-11


Executing Optimization Cases
To Solve The Optimization:
1 On the AspenHYT toolbar, select the Optimize option; then
click the play button.
The Select Objective Function dialog appears.

2 On the Select Objective Function dialog, select an active


objective function. You can select only one active objective
function.
3 Select the direction of the optimization by selecting
maximizing or minimizing function.
• If the objective function is set up as a profit function, the
user should select Max.
• If the objective function is set up as a cost function, the
user should select Min.
4 Select the profit reports to update. Normally only the active
objective function is selected.
5 Click the OK button to complete the setup.
-or-
Click the Cancel button to close the dialog box and return to
the Optimize worksheet.
If you clicked the OK button, the data from the optimization
spreadsheet is sent to the model, and the command line dialog box
opens.

8-12 • Optimization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


To Change The Behavior Of The DMO Solver:
You can change the behavior of the DMO solver by selecting one
of the three buttons at the bottom of the command window. Your
selection takes effect at the start of the next DMO iteration.
Button Action
Abort forces the model to quit solving
No Creep takes the DMO solver out of creep mode. This is used
to expedite solving when the current run is close to the
final solution, in which case both the Residual
Convergence Function and the Objective
Convergence Function are small and close to the
convergence criteria.
Close causes the model to close the residuals without
Residuals minimizing the objective function convergence. The
Close Residuals button is useful in cases where the
objective function very nearly reaches a maximum
value but the convergence of the objective does not
close.
Close This button is unavailable during the optimization run.
It is only activated when no run is being executed.
Click the Close button to close the dialog box and
return the EXCEL interface.
After the model solves the optimization, the solution values are
retrieved into the optimization page and the spreadsheet is
updated. The corresponding report page, the Optimize page, and
the Simulation page are updated to the current values in the
model, but the Param page is not updated. On the Optimize page,
the values after the optimized values are placed into Column E. If
any upper or lower bound is reached, that value is highlighted in
red.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Optimization • 8-13


A typical optimization takes three to five minutes, but this can vary
depending on how difficult it is to reach a solution.

Analyzing Optimization Solutions


There is one profit report worksheet (Profit1Report,
Profit2Report, Profit3Report) for each objective function.

The profit report worksheet is designed to show the change


between the starting point and the optimization solution. All the
principal properties and incremental properties used in the
corresponding objective function are listed in Column A of the
worksheet.
Each property occupies one row. The incremental properties of a
specific principal property occupy the rows below the row of
related principal property. The rates, prices, and case flow are
listed to the right of the principal properties and incremental
properties in a profit report worksheet.
On the worksheet you can see clearly how each property
contributes to the objective function in terms of case flow for both
the starting point and optimization solution. You can also observe
how the optimizer adjusts the values of properties to maximize the
profit.
You can further analyze the optimization results by comparing it to
the engineering knowledge of HYT operation. For example,
suppose the HYT unit is operated in a Gasoline Mode. You will
probably assign a high value to gasoline. You expect to see

8-14 • Optimization Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


gasoline production maximized, and so the riser outlet temperature
is increased from its initial value.
In another case if the HYT unit is operated in Heating Oil Mode,
and heating oil is assigned a higher value than gasoline, you would
expect to see the HYT maximize heating oil production. In this
case, the riser outlet temperature might not reach the upper limit.
You can also examine the Optimize worksheet to see if any
independent or dependent variable is at its limit. Normally at least
one independent variable or dependent variable is at its bound in
the optimization solution. For example, the riser temperature or the
wet gas rate might hit its upper bound in the example of Gasoline
Mode.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Optimization • 8-15


CHAPTER 9

LP Vectors

Overview
In addition to letting you determine yields, temperatures, product
properties, and so on, the Aspen HYT model provides the
capability of generating LP (Linear Programming) vectors.

Purpose of Running LP Vectors


The main purpose of generating LP vectors is to provide shift
factors for an LP planning and scheduling tool, such as PIMSTM.
In LP planning and scheduling tool for refining industry, every
processing unit is represented by a simplified linear model. Like all
linear models, a HYTU LP model uses fixed gains (base model
and shift factors) to represent the relationship between operating
conditions and product flow rates and properties.
This table shows part of an Hydrotreater model in PIMSTM.

The model gains at three different riser temperatures are listed in


Columns F, G, and H. Those gains represent the conversion of one
unit feed to various light gas products.
When feeds to HYTU change, you should change those conversion
factors. The shift factors are listed in Columns I to L.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide LP Vectors • 9-1


Each shift factor represents the amount of change on conversion
when a feed property changes one unit. For example, the shift
factor between K factor vs. C3 is –0.0046 at the riser temperature
of 970 °F.
This means that the C3 conversion will increase by 0.0046 for a
one unit increase in feed K factor. There are also shift factors for
980 °F and 990 °F.
Those shift factors greatly affect the accuracy of LP solution. For a
highly nonlinear reaction process such as HYTU, shift factors can
only be accurately estimated by a rigorous nonlinear model.
The standard Aspen HYT model is a rigorous nonlinear model
with detailed kinetic description. It is well suited to provide
accurate shift factors. The Aspen HYT model has build-in function
of generating LP vectors, which are equal to the shift factors in a
LP model.
The LP vectors can also act as the accuracy indicator of the Aspen
HYT model. The LP vectors can be compared to gain matrix in
APC (Advanced Process Controller). The gain matrix in APC is
obtained from plant step tests. It should closely represent the real
relationship between independent variables and dependent
variables in the process. By comparing to gain matrix in APC
model, you can observe how closely the model represents the
process. The comparison can also pinpoint what part of the model
needs further tuning.

LP Vector Generation
From the model point of view, LP vectors are the gains between a
set of independent variables and a set of dependent variables. LP
vectors are calculated by doing a sensitivity analysis on the model.
In the Aspen HYT model, LP vector generation is executed by
issuing a sensitivity analysis command to the command line and
retrieving the results back to the EXCEL interface.
LP vector generation is run in Simulation mode. The independent
and dependent variables you choose for LP vector generation
must correspond to fixed and free variables in the simulation
mode.
The fixed variable in simulation mode has the specification of
CONST or PARAM. However, the PARAM variables are
normally internal to the model and have no physical meaning.
Therefore, they do not appear in the set of independent variables in
LP generation. All independent variables have the specification of
CONST.

9-2 • LP Vectors Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


The free variable in Simulation mode has the specification of
CALC or MEAS. Therefore, a dependent variable has the
specification of CALC or MEAS.
AspenHYT provides you a pick list of:
• Independent variables.
• Dependent variables.
Aspen HYT presents only CONST variables in the pick list of
independent variables and only CALC and MEAS variables in
the pick list of dependent variables in order to ensure that
whatever set you choose will lead to a well-posed problem.
The two lists that Aspen HYT model provide should be able to
satisfy most cases. However, you can add variables to those two
lists if necessary.
Any variable in the independent variable list is marked LP in
Column Q (with title LP) on the SendVars page.
You can add variables to this list by enter Yes in Column Q on the
SendVars page for the desired independent variables. Any
variable in the dependent variable list is marked LP in Column Q
(with the title LP) on the ReceiveVars page. You can add
variables to this list by entering Yes in Column Q on the
ReceiveVars page for the desired dependent variables.

Generating LP Vectors
Generating LP vectors is a two-step process.
1 You must first specify what the independent and the dependent
variables are.
2 You then run the LP vector generation command.

To Specify The LP Vectors:


1 On the AspenHYT menu, select Setup Cases.
2 On the submenu, select Vectors.
The LP Vectors spreadsheet is activated and the Setup LP
Vectors dialog box appears on which you can specify the
independent and dependent variables.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide LP Vectors • 9-3


The top list box is used to select the independent variables. You
can select any or all of the variables listed.
3 Click the check box to the right of the variable name to select a
variable.
-or-
Click the check box to the right of a selected variable name to
deselect a variable.
The lower list box is used to select the dependent variables. It
works exactly like the independent variable list box.
4 When the independent variables and the dependent constraint
variables have been selected, click the OK button to complete
the setup.
-or-
Click the Cancel button to close the dialog box without making
any changes to the LP Vectors page.
If you click the OK button, the LP Vectors page is be cleared and
the independent variables appear in the seventh row and the
dependent variables appear in Column C.
In order to save the changes made to the LP Vectors page, the
worksheet must be saved.
Below is the LP Vectors Sheet after setup.

9-4 • LP Vectors Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


5 After the independent and dependent variables have been set
up, generate LP vectors by selecting LP Vectors from the
AspenHYT toolbar, and then selecting the play button.
The model will then calculate the Jacobian for the model and
retrieve all of the desired vectors into the LP Vectors page.
Below is the LP Vectors Worksheet after running a LP Vectors
case.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide LP Vectors • 9-5


The command line dialog box will open for a short time while the
Jacobian is being evaluated and while the LP vectors are being
calculated. You cannot issue any commands to the command line
dialog box at this time, however.
Typical execution time is about 20 seconds, although it can vary
depending on how many values are being retrieved.

9-6 • LP Vectors Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


C H A P T E R 10

Reaction Kinetics Details

Overview
The Aspen Hydrotreater model is derived from a model
developed by Sun Oil Company. The components and reaction
networks are consistent with fundamental research conducted at
the University of Delaware, the University of Utah, and other
academic and industrial research institutions. This section provides
details of the reaction model.

Component Slate
The component slate chosen to represent the feed and the product
streams of the Aspen Hydrotreater plant comprises 116
components covering the full range from hydrogen to
hydrocarbons, with 47 carbon components (B.P. 1300 °C).
The component slate varies in different sub-plants. Component
mappers are used to connect adjacent sub-plants. Using different
component slates helps to reduce the number of variables in the
sub-plant.
In the reactor model, the olefins components are assumed to be
completely saturated. Table A shows the corresponding
components in the reactor model. The total number of components
in the reactor model is 97.
Table B shows the corresponding olefin components in the feed
but not in the reactor model.
The light ends are defined using discrete components through C3.
For C4 to C10 hydrocarbons, one pure component is used to
represent several isomers. For example, the n-butane represents
both n-butane and iso-butane. For higher boiling point
components, only compounds with carbon number 14, 18, 26, and
47 are used to represent wide range of boiling point components.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Reaction Kinetics Details • 10-1


The components also cover different classes of hydrocarbons,
which include one-ring naphthenes to 4-ring aromatics.
The sulfur compounds are separated into 8 groups of 13
components which include:
• Thiophenes.
• Sulfides.
• Benzothiophenes.
• Tetrahydro-benzothiophenes.
• Dibenzothiophenes.
• Tetrahydro-dibenzothiophenes.
• Naphthabenzothiophenes.
• Tetrahydro-naphthabenzothiophenes.
The nitrogen compounds are represented by 10 lumps which
include both basic and non-basic nitrogen compounds.
Table A- Component Slate for Hydrotreater Model in Reactor

Component Formula Abbreviation Class


Nitrogen N2 N2
Ammonia NH3 NH3
Hydrogen Sulfide H2S H2S
Hydrogen H2 H2
Paraffins
Methane CH4 C1 CnH2n+2
Ethane C2H6 C2
Propane C3H8 C3
N-Butane C4H10_2 C4
N-pentane C5H12_2 C5
2,3-dimethylbutane C6H14_2 C6P
2,3-dimethylpentane C7H16_5 C7P
2,3-dimethylhexane C8H18_6 C8P
2,6-dimethylheptane C9H20_4 C9P
2,5-dimethyloctane C10H22-1 C10P
n-tetradecane C14H30 C14P
n-octadecane C18H38 C18P
Tetracosane C26H54 C26P
C47 Paraffins C47H96 C47P
Naphthenes
Methylcyclopentane C6H12-2 C6N CnH2n
Methylcyclohexane C7H14-6 C7N
Cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl C8H16-7 C8N

10-2 • Reaction Kinetics Details Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


1-trans-3,5-trimethylcyclohexane C9H18-1 C9N
C14-1-ring-cycloheaxane C14H28 MN1Lo
C18-1-ring-cycloheaxane C18H36 MN1Hi
C21-1-ring-cycloheaxane C21H42 HN1
C47-1-ring-cycloheaxane C47H94 VN1

Trans-decaline (two Ring) C10H18-2 C10N CnH2n-2


C14-2-ring-cyclohexane C14H26 MN2LO
C18-2-ring-cycloheaxane C18H34 MN2HI
C21-2-ring-cycloheaxane C21H40 HN2
C47-2-ring-cycloheaxane C47H92 VN2

C14-3-ring-cyclohexane C14H24 MN3Lo CnH2n-4


C18-3-ring-cycloheaxane C18H32 MN3Hi
C21-3-ring-cycloheaxane C21H38 HN3
C47-3-ring-cycloheaxane C47H92 VN3

C21-4-ring-cycloheaxane C21H36 HN4 CnH2n-6


C47-4-ring-cycloheaxane C47H88 VN4

Aromatics
Benzene C6H6 C6A CnH2n-6
Toluene C7H8 C7A
Para Xylene C8H10_3 C8A
2-methyl-3-ethylbenzene C8H12-3 C9A
1,2,3,4,-tetrahydronaphthalene C10H12 C10A
n-octylbenzene C14H22 MA1Lo
C18-1ring-Arom C18H30 MA1Hi
C21-1ring-Arom C21H36 HA1
C47-1ring-Arom C47H88 VA1

C14-tetrahydronaphthalene C14H20 MANLo CnH2n-8


C18-tetrahydronaphthalene C18H28 MANHi
C21-tetrahydronaphthalene C21H34 HAN
C47-tetrahydronaphthalene C47H86 VAN

C14-naphthalene C14H16 MA2Lo CnH2n-12


C18-naphthalene C18H24 MA2Hi
C21-naphthalene C21H30 HA2
C47-naphthalene C47H82 VA2

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Reaction Kinetics Details • 10-3


C14-1 C14H18 MAN2Lo CnH2n-10
ring-Arom-2-ring Naphthene
C18-1 C18H26 MAN2Hi
ring-Arom-2-ring Naphthene
C21-1 C21H32 HAN2
ring-Arom-2-ring Naphthene
C47-1 C47H32 VAN2
ring-Arom-2-ring Naphthene

C14-2 C14H14 MA2NLO CnH2n-14


ring-Arom-1-ring Naphthene
C18-2 C18H22 MA2NHi
ring-Arom-1-ring Naphthene
C21-2 C21H28 HA2N
ring-Arom-1-ring Naphthene
C47-2 C47H80 VA2N
ring-Arom-1-ring Naphthene

C21-3ring-Arom C21H24 HA3 CnH2n-18


C47-3ring-Arom C47H76 VA3

Fluorene, 9-methyl C14H12 MANALo CnH2n-16


C18H20 MANAHi
C21H26 HANA
C47H78 VANA

C21-4ring-Arom C21H18 HA4 CnH2n-24


C47-4ring-Arom C47H70 VA4

C21-1 C21H30 HAN3 CnH2n-12


ring-Arom-3-ring Naphthene
C47-1 C47H82 VAN3
ring-Arom-3-ring Naphthene

C21-2 C21H24 HA2N2 CnH2n-18


ring-Arom-2-ring Naphthene
C47-2 C47H76 VA2N2
ring-Arom-2-ring Naphthene
Sulfur Component
Thiophene C4H4S LTH
C8-Cyclo-sulfide C8H16S LS8

10-4 • Reaction Kinetics Details Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


C12-Cyclo-sulfide C12H24S MS12
C28-Cyclo-sulfide C28H56S HS28

Benzothiophene C8H6S LTHA


Benzothiophene, dimethyl- C10H10S MTHA

C10-tetarhydro-benzothiophene C10H12S MTHN

C14-trtrahydro-dibenzothiophene C14H16S MTHAN


C21-trtrahydro-dibenzothiophene C21H30S HthAN

C14- dibenzothiophene C14H12S MthA2


C21- dibenzothiophene C21H26S HthA2

C47-tetrahydro- C47H84S VthA2N


naphthabenzothiophene
C47-naphthabenzothiophene C47H72S2 VTHA3
Nitrogen Component
Pyrrolidine (non-basic Nitrogen) C4H9N LBNit
Pyrrole (basic nitrogen) C4H5N LNNit
Quinoline, C9H11N MBNITN
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- (non-basic)
Quinoline (basic) C9H7N MBNITA
C9H9N MNNitA
Phenanthridine, tetrahydro- C21H33N HBNitAN
Phenanthridine C21H25N MBNitA2
Carbazole, dimethyl- C21H27N MNNitA2
C35H55N VBNitA2N
C47H73N VNNitA3
Table B: Component Slate for Hydrotreater Model Only in the Feed

Component Formula Abbreviation Class


C6H12 C6-olef
C7H14 C7-olef
C8H16 C8_OLEF
Cumene C8H8 C8A_OLEF
C10H20 C10_OLEF
C10H16 C10N_OLE
C10H10 C10A_OLE
C14H28 C14_OLEF
C14H26 MN1Lo_OL
C14H20 MA1Lo_OL

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Reaction Kinetics Details • 10-5


C18H36 C18_OLEF
C18H34 MN1Hi_OL
C18H28 MA1Hi_OL
C21H40 HN1_OLEF
C21H34 HA1_OLEF
C26H52 C26_OLEF
C47H94 C47_OLEF
C47H92 VN1_OLEF
C47H86 VA1_OLEF

Kinetic Framework
In Aspen Hydrotreater, each catalyst bed is modeled as a separate
reactor. The reaction mechanism is coded in Aspen Reactors, an
open-equation modeling platform in which kinetic constituents are
segregated from hydraulic and heat balance relationships. This
segregation permits different kinetic schemes to be implemented
within the same mechanical framework.
Rate equations are based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood
(adsorption-adsorption/reaction/ desorption) mechanism. H2S
inhibits HDS reactions, and both NH3 and organic nitrogen inhibit
acid-catalyzed reactions.
Trickle-bed hydrodynamics are modeled with equations described
by Satterfield. Collocated reaction rates and collocated flashes
enhance the ability of the model to calculate heat release
accurately.
Reaction Pathways Aspen Hydrotreater and Aspen Hydrotreater model the following
reaction types:
• Hydrodesulfurization (HDS)
• Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN)
• Saturation of aromatics (Hydrogenation)
• Ring opening
• Ring dealkylation
• Paraffin hydrocracking
• Saturation of olefins1
When required, hydrodemetalization (HDM) is modeled with a
relatively simple extent-of-reaction block.
The Aspen Hydrotreater reaction scheme has the following
important characteristics:
• 45 reversible aromatics saturation reactions

10-6 • Reaction Kinetics Details Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


• 19 irreversible olefins saturation reactions
• Saturation and dealkylation of non-basic nitrogen lumps
• Dealkylation and HDN for basic nitrogen lumps
• Saturation and dealkylation for hindered sulfur lumps
• Dealkylation and HDS for unhindered sulfur lumps
Figure A-1 shows the importance of modeling aromatics saturation
reversibly. Above a certain temperature, equilibrium effects start to
outweigh kinetic effects, and additional saturation becomes
difficult. This temperature-dependent aromatics crossover causes
the degradation of middle distillate properties – kerosene smoke
point and diesel cetane – near the end of Hydrotreater catalyst
cycles.
Figure A-2 illustrates the importance of including both hindered
and unhindered sulfur components in the reaction scheme. As
discussed in recent publications (15-16), aliphatic sulfur
compounds are relatively easy to remove with hydroprocessing;
thiophenes, benzothiophenes and dibenzopthiopenes are somewhat
more difficult; and substituted benzo- and dibenzothiophenes are
very hard to remove. Ref. 15 refers to the Direct Mechanism for
the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene:
• Dibenzothiophene adsorbs to the catalyst surface
• The catalyst abstracts sulfur
• Biphenyl desorbs from the catalyst surface
• Hydrogen removes sulfur from the catalyst as H2S
Alkyl substitution of dibenzothiophene at the 4-position, the 6-
postion – or both – sterically hinders this pathway. Before these
hindered molecules can be desulfurized, they must first be
saturated (which converts a planar aromatic ring into a more
flexible saturated ring) or dealkylated.
As shown in Figure B below, the Aspen Hydrotreater reaction
scheme prohibits direct desulfurization of 4,6-alkyl
dibenzothiophenes. Figure C below reflects this feature of the
models. As the extent of desulfurization increases, hydrogen
consumption rises geometrically, in part because the model
requires alternative HDS pathways for substituted
dibenzothiophenes, and in part because, at the higher required
temperatures, other saturation and cracking reactions are
accelerated.
Figure A: Aspen Hydrotreater Case Study Showing Aromatics
Crossover

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Reaction Kinetics Details • 10-7


Figure B: Reaction Pathway Illustration: Sulfur-Containing
Components

10-8 • Reaction Kinetics Details Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Figure C: Aspen Hydrotreater Case Study: H2 Consumption
vs. Product Sulfur

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Reaction Kinetics Details • 10-9


C H A P T E R 11

Simplified Separation Model

Simplified Separation Model


Aspen Hydrotreater applies a simplified separation model to model
the fractionation section. The separation status varies significantly
between specific plants due to differences in product
specifications, operating conditions, and flowsheeting. Therefore,
this simplified model uses a set of variables that you can tune to
make the products your quality and yields.
The concept behind the simplified fractionator model is that the
logarithm of the ratio of a component (flow not fraction) in
distillate to bottoms (Ln(Di/Bi),) when plotted over temperature
(the boiling point, TBi) of that component, yields a straight line;
that is, a more or less linear relationship as shown in the figure
below.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simplified Separation Model • 11-1


The model is a collection of interpolation and calculator models
that calculate the split fraction of a certain component based on:
• The effective cut point.
• The component’s normal boiling point.
The model interpolates a value of Ln(Di/Bi) for a given TBi.
Usually, the model is configured with three points representing the
two straight lines around the effective cut point

11-2 • Simplified Separation Model Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Where:
Ln(Di/Bi) = 0
meaning a 50% split of the component between top and bottom
streams.
However, to protect from model singularities, two more points are
defined at the extremes (one at each end). These points are chosen
based on the test run data and remain fixed for daily operation.

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Simplified Separation Model • 11-3


Index

Excel 3-15
. ACT file 4-11
Activates 3-15, 8-10
.var Files 2-6, 2-7, 6-17 Aspen HYT 3-15
Loading 2-7, 2-8 Optimize 8-9
Add Variables
0 Objective Functions dialog 8-3
Adjust
000 5-8 LPG 6-15, 6-16
pre-fractionation 6-15
2 Advanced Process Controller 9-1
AFFED1-AFFED6 3-2
2-methyl-3-ethylbenzene 10-1 AHYT3.SCN 6-3
Alternatives 6-13
3 Model Running Mode 6-12
Amount Needed 5-7
30 Analysis 5-14
Aromatics 8-7 Analyzing 8-14
3-dimethylhexane 10-1 Optimization Solutions 8-14
3-dimethylpentane 10-1 APC 9-2
API 5-1, 5-2, 5-5, 5-8, 5-17, 6-4, 6-
4 11
API Gravity 5-5, 5-8
4-dimethyl 10-2 Apinit 2-1, 3-16
4-position 10-7 Appdf file 2-1, 2-6
Aromatic 3-1, 6-11, 8-7
5 30 8-7
Aromatic/naphthene/paraffin 5-5
5-trimethylcyclohexane 10-3 determine 5-4, 5-5
Aspen AHT 3-12
6 loading 3-12, 3-13
Aspen EO 3-3
6-alkyl dibenzothiophenes 10-7 Aspen Hydrotreater 1-1, 2-1, 3-16,
6-postion 10-7 5-4, 5-8, 5-13, 5-16, 6-1, 6-
11, 6-14, 6-15, 6-16, 10-6, 11-
9 1
Starting 2-1, 2-3
97-lump 5-7
Aspen Hydrotreater 2004 2-1
Aspen Hydrotreater flowsheet 1-1
A Aspen Hydrotreater Overview 1-1
Aspen HYT 1-3, 1-4, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8,
Abort button 1-3, 3-13
1-10, 2-3, 2-5, 3-11, 3-12, 3-
Access 3-14
14, 3-15, 3-16, 3-17, 3-18, 4-

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Index • 11-1


1, 4-3, 4-4, 4-5, 4-7, 6-5, 7-1, available 1-2
8-3, 8-9, 9-1, 9-2, 9-3
activate 3-15 B
during 1-3, 1-4
Exiting 2-5 Base Feed 6-4
select 3-14 Basic EO Solver Parameters 4-3
selecting 3-12 Basic Iteration Information 4-6
Aspen HYT dialog 3-15 Basic Nitrogen 5-2
Aspen HYT Engine 1-3 Before You Start 7-1
Aspen HYT flowsheet 2-4, 3-12, 3- Benzo 10-6
14 Benzothiophene 10-5
connecting 3-12, 3-14 Benzothiophenes 10-2, 10-7
Aspen HYT GUI 2-1 Biphenyl desorbs 10-7
Opening 2-1 Bottoms 6-11
Aspen HYT menu 3-16, 7-1 Bounds 4-9, 4-10, 8-1
Aspen HYT Mode 1-6 Specifying 8-2
Aspen HYT toolbar 3-18 Browse 6-17
Aspen Plus 1-3, 2-1, 2-4, 3-2, 3-4, Browse button 2-1, 2-6, 2-7, 3-16
3-14, 3-15, 3-16 Buttons 3-4
Resetting 2-1, 2-4 Flow Diagram Sheet 3-4
Aspen Plus 2004 1-3 Buttons Feeds 5-3
Aspen Plus Command Line Buttons R1 5-3
window 3-12, 3-14 BV1_1 8-3
Aspen Plus Connection 2-4 BV1_2 8-3
Resetting 2-4 BV1_3 8-3
Aspen Plus Flowsheet 2-1 BV2_1 8-3
Aspen Reactors 10-6 BV2_2 8-3
Aspen Rxfinery 2004 2-1 BV3_1 8-3
Aspen Tech 1-3 BV3_2 8-3
AspenHydrotreater 6-3
AspenHydrotreater/Hydrotreater 3- C
2, 5-1
understanding 5-1 C1 5-1, 5-16
AspenHYT 1-4, 2-2, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, C10H18-2 10-3
2-7, 3-4, 3-15, 3-21, 3-22, 3- C12-Cyclo-sulfide 10-5
23, 5-1, 5-3, 5-4, 5-13, 5-15, C14 10-1
5-17, 6-1, 6-17, 6-18, 9-3 C14H12 10-4
selecting 6-2 C14H20 10-3, 10-5
submenu 3-21, 3-22, 3-23 C14H22 10-3
Use 2-6 C14-tetrahydronaphthalene 10-3
AspenHYT menu 2-1, 2-4, 2-5, 3- C18_OLEF 10-6
19, 3-23, 6-16, 8-9, 9-2 C18H24 10-3
AspenHYT Simulation Strategy 6- C18H26 10-4
1 C18H36 10-3, 10-6
AspenHYT toolbar 2-5, 3-23, 5-14, C18H38 10-2
6-16, 7-1, 8-12, 9-2 C18-naphthalene 10-3
AspenTech 1-1, 2-1, 2-3, 5-4, 5-5, C18-tetrahydronaphthalene 10-3
5-6, 5-7, 5-9, 6-18, 8-2 C2 5-1, 5-17, 10-2
contacting 5-4 C21-1 10-4
ATACT 4-5 C21-2 10-4
ATACT file 4-5 C21-2-ring-cycloheaxane 10-3
ATSLV 4-5 C21-3ring-Arom 10-4
ATSLV file 4-5 C21-3-ring-cycloheaxane 10-3
ATSLV File Problem Information C21-4-ring-cycloheaxane 10-3
4-5 C21H26S 10-5
Automatic Startup 3-19 C21H30 10-3, 10-4

11-2 • Index Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


C21H33N 10-5 Cetane 5-14, 8-3, 10-7
C21H40 10-3, 10-6 values 8-3, 8-5, 8-6, 8-7
C26H54 10-2 Cetane Index 5-2
C2S.SPC.REFL_RATIO_MASS 4- Change The Behavior Of The
10 DMO Solver 8-13
C3 5-1, 5-7, 5-17, 9-2, 10-1, 10-2 Changing 1-8, 3-6, 4-1, 4-3, 9-2
C3H8 10-2 EO Solver Parameters 4-3
C4 5-1, 5-7, 5-16, 10-1, 10-2 LP Vectors 9-2
C4 iso/normal 5-1 Specifications 1-8, 1-9
C47H32 10-4 Characteristics 5-3, 10-6
C47H76 10-4 Characterization 5-5
C47H78 10-4 result 5-5
C47H86 10-3, 10-6 Check 4-2, 8-4, 8-5
C47H88 10-3 Choose 9-2, 9-3
C5 5-1, 6-18, 10-2 LP 9-2
C6 5-4 Clicking 1-9, 2-1, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-
C6-221C 5-8 7, 3-6, 3-11, 3-13, 3-16, 3-20,
C6-GC 5-7 3-23, 5-15, 6-17, 6-18, 7-1, 8-
C6H12 10-5 3, 8-9, 8-12, 9-2
C6H12-2 10-2 AspenHYT 5-14, 6-17, 6-18
C6H6 10-3 Browse button 2-1, 2-6, 2-7, 3-
C6-olef 10-5 16
C7H14 10-5 EB Scripts 1-9
C7-olef 10-5 Format 1-8
C8-Cyclo-su 10-1 Load 3-20
C8H10_3 10-3 Load button 2-7
C8H12-3 10-3 No Creep button 3-13
C8H16 10-5 Open button 2-7
C8N 10-2 Play 5-14
C9H20_4 10-2 Select button 3-6
C9H7N 10-5 Specification 3-6
C9H9N 10-5 Yes button 2-5, 3-23, 5-14
C9N 10-3 Client-specified 3-3
CA 5-5 Close button 3-13, 3-14, 8-12
calculating 5-4 Close Residuals 3-14, 8-13
Calc 6-3, 6-12 Close Residuals button 3-14, 5-14,
CALC 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 6-2, 6-4, 6-5, 8-12
6-10, 8-9, 9-2 Closes 3-14
DELTAP 1-9 Cloud Point 5-8
Calculating 5-5, 9-2 CMAPPER 6-11
CA 5-4 CN 5-5
Jacobian 9-5, 9-6 CnH2n 10-2
Calibrate 5-16 Coker 5-4
Hydrotreater 5-16 Colum 8-3
Called 1-7 Column 1-9, 7-3, 8-9, 8-14, 9-1
CONST 1-7 corresponding 8-9
Cancel button 2-5, 2-7, 3-23, 8-9, Column AB 8-4
8-12, 9-2 Column B 7-3
Carbon 5-5 Column E 8-6, 8-13
case study 1-3, 1-6, 1-7, 3-21, 7-1, Column G 8-8, 8-11
7-3, 10-7 Column H 8-3
Case Study Showing Aromatics Column L 1-9
Crossover 10-6 Column Q 9-3
Catalyst Deactivation 5-6 ReceiveVars 9-2
tune 5-4 SendVars 9-2
Catalyst Properties/Data 5-14 Column R 8-9

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Index • 11-3


Column S 1-9 Current Model Settings 6-3
Column Y 8-9 DEMO 6-3
corresponding 8-9 Current Spec 6-14
Column Z 1-9 Curve 6-11
Columns C 8-11, 9-2 Distillate 6-11
Columns F 9-1
Combo 2-6 D
Command 3-19
Command Line 3-22, 8-9 D1319 Fluorescent Indicator
Display 3-22 Adsorption 5-5
Command Line window 3-12, 3-14, D2887 5-5, 5-9
3-15, 6-1 Data About Incremental Properties
closes 3-14 Entering 8-4, 8-5, 8-7
Manual Access 3-14 Data About Principal Properties 8-3
opened 3-14 Entering 8-3
Command Window 4-4 Data About Properties 8-3
EO Solver Output 4-4 Data Files 2-1, 2-6, 2-7, 3-18
Commonly-Used Scripts 6-3 Loading 2-7
Computer Name 2-2, 2-3, 3-17, 3- Saving 2-6
18 DCOM 1-3, 3-12
Connect dialog 2-1, 2-6, 3-16 DCS 5-4
Connect Dialog Box 3-16 Dealing 4-10, 4-12
Connecting 3-12, 3-14, 3-18 With Infeasible Solutions 4-10
Aspen HYT flowsheet 3-12, 3- With Singularities 4-12
14 Dealkyation 3-3
HYT 3-18, 3-19 Dealkylated 10-7
Connection 2-1 Dealkylation 10-6, 10-7
Const 6-3 Debutanizer
CONST 1-7, 1-9, 6-2, 6-4, 6-5, 6- value 8-3, 8-4, 8-5, 8-6, 8-7
10, 6-12, 6-13, 6-14, 8-9, 9-2 Degrees-of-Freedom 1-5, 4-4
CONST/CALC 6-4 number 1-5
CONST/CALC/MEAS/PARAM 1- Delaware 10-1
7 University 10-1
Constant Variables 6-5 Dell Inspiron 8000 3-17
Individual Reaction Rate 6-5 DELTAP 1-5, 1-6, 1-8
Constrained Variables 4-7 CALC 1-9
Contacting 5-7 DELTAP spec 1-8
AspenTech 5-4 DELTAP_DEFINITION 1-5
Converged 4-1 DEMO 6-3
Converged Parameter Case 6-18 Current Model Settings 6-3
Return The Simulation Sheet Dependent Variables 8-2, 8-3
And Model To 6-18 Deselect 8-4, 8-9, 9-2
Convergence Convergence name 8-9, 9-2
Function Nonlinearity Desorption 10-6
Worst Nonlinearity 4-10 Desulfurization 10-7
Conversion 5-9 Desulfurized 10-7
Count 4-4 Determine 5-4
SQP 4-4 aromatic/naphthene/paraffin 5-4
CP 5-5 Development Tools 3-15, 3-22
Cracking 6-11 DI 5-5
Group Activity 6-11 Di/Bi 11-1
Creep 3-14, 5-16, 8-13 Dibenzopthiopenes 10-7
Creep Button 3-13 Dibenzothiophene 10-5, 10-6
CREEPFLAG Flag 4-3 hydrodesulfurization 10-6, 10-7
CREEPITER Number 4-3 Dibenzothiophenes 10-2, 10-7
CREEPSIZE Creep 4-3 Direct Mechanism 10-6

11-4 • Index Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


refers 10-7 Enter 5-16, 5-17, 7-3, 8-5, 8-6, 8-7,
Display 3-22 8-8, 9-3
Command Line 3-22 Data About Incremental
Display Command Line 1-3, 6-2 Properties 8-3
Display Command Line menu 3- Data About Properties 8-5
12, 3-14 RDON 8-8
Distillate/Bottom 6-10, 6-16 Yes 9-2
Distillates 5-8, 6-10 EO 1-4, 1-5, 1-7, 4-2
curve 6-10 EO Solver Log Files 4-5
Dk 4-1 EO Solver Output 4-4
DMO 1-3, 4-2, 4-3, 4-5, 4-7, 4-10, Command Window 4-4
4-11, 4-13, 4-14, 8-1, 8-13 EO Solver Parameters 4-3
takes 8-13, 8-14 Changing 4-3
DMO objcvg 4-4 EORXR 3-3
DMO rescvg 4-4 EOXNTRXN 3-3
DMO.CREEPFLAG 4-13 Equation-oriented 1-4
DMO.CREEPITER 4-13 Equation-Oriented Modeling 1-4
DMO.CREEPSIZE 4-13 Equation-Oriented Solver 4-1
DMO.LINESEARCH 4-14 Introduction 4-1
DMO.MAXITER 4-3 ERROR 4-11
DMO.MSG 3-13 Error Recovery 6-17, 6-18
DMO.parameter 4-3 ES Scripts 1-8
DMO.RESCVG 4-3 Establish 2-1, 2-2
DMOQPS 4-11 Connection 2-1, 2-2
DOF 1-5, 1-7, 1-9, 1-10 ESTIMATE_DELTAP 1-5
number 1-8 Evaluate 4-2
Specify 1-10 Examine 6-17, 6-18, 8-15
DP 1-8 Optimize 8-14
specify 1-8 Excel 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 3-2, 3-
14, 3-16, 3-17, 3-18, 3-24, 5-
E 9, 8-3, 8-12, 9-2
access 3-15
E1C 3-3 back 9-2
E1H 3-3 Flow Diagram Sheet 3-2
EB 1-9, 4-3, 4-4, 6-1 return 8-12
Invoking 6-1 Excel File 3-16
EB Script 1-3, 1-9, 3-11 Excel File menu 3-15
clicking 1-8 Excel GUI 3-17, 4-1, 4-3
unhide 1-8 Excel Interface 2-5
EB Script Language 6-3 Excel menu bar 2-1, 2-2, 2-6, 3-16,
EBS 1-8 3-19
ECAT 6-19 On 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-6, 3-16, 3-17,
ECHO 6-3 3-18, 3-19
ECP 5-11, 6-12 Excel toolbar 3-11, 3-15
sets 5-10, 5-11 On 3-11
ECP variables 6-12 Excel window 3-1
Editing 8-8 Executing 3-14, 3-20, 8-12
Effect 5-16 Load User Input Sheet 3-20
Parameterization 5-14, 5-15, 5- Optimization Cases 8-12
16 Save User Input Sheet 3-20
Enable Macros button 2-1 Exit Aspen HYT 2-5, 3-23
End 10-6 Exiting 2-5
Hydrotreater 10-6, 10-7, 10-9 Aspen HYT 2-5
Engine 3-22 Extent-of-reaction 3-3, 10-6
Load Data From 3-22 Extrudates 5-14

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Index • 11-5


F FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
EED1_HVY_LMP_WABP_B
F007.BLK.QUENCH_TO_R2B1_ IAS 6-12
PLANT 6-14 FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
F008.BLK.QUENCH_TO_R2B2_ EED1_LIGHT_CUT_PT_400
PLANT 6-14 F 6-12
Factor 4-7, 9-2 FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
100 4-7, 4-8 EED1_LIGHT_CUT_PT_400
980 F 9-1 F_BIAS 6-11
LP 9-1 FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
FCC 5-4 EED1_LIT_LMP_WABP 6-
FCC LCO 3-3 12
FE 6-11 FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
Feed Adjust 5-4 EED1_LIT_LMP_WABP_BI
Feed Adjuster 6-11 AS 6-12
tuning 6-11 FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
Feed Adjuster Model 3-3 EED1_MED_LMP_WABP 6-
Feed Input 3-11 11
Feed Properties 6-4 FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
Feed Property Tuning 6-11 EED1_MED_LMP_WABP_
FEED Section 6-3 BIAS 6-12
Feed Specification Change 6-16 FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
Feed Stream Model 3-2 EED1_MOL_WT 6-12
Feed System 3-2 FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
FEED.AFEED.BLK.VOLUME 6-2 EED1_MOL_WT_BIAS 6-12
FEED.AFEED.BLK.VOLUME.SP FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
EC 6-1 EED1_NDM_CN 6-12
FEED.AFEED1.BLK.VOLUME 6- FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
2 EED1_NDM_CN_BIAS 6-12
FEED.AFEED1.BLK.VOLUME.S FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
PEC 6-2 EED1_RI_LAB_BIAS 6-12
FEED.AFEED2.BLK.VOLUME 6- FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
2 EED1_TOTAL_CA 6-12
FEED.AFEED3.BLK.VOLUME 6- FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F
2 EED1_TOTAL_CA_BIAS 6-
FEED.AFEED4.BLK.VOLUME 6- 12
2 Feed/product 5-4
FEED.AFEED5.BLK.VOLUME 6- FEEDADJ 3-2
2 Feeds 3-6, 3-11, 5-6, 5-7, 8-9, 9-1,
FEED.AFEED6.BLK.VOLUME 6- 10-1
2 HYTU 9-1
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F input 3-11
EED1_CST210_BIAS 6-12 rate 8-9
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F Feeds Button 3-6
EED1_CST210_MEAS 6-11 Feedstock 5-6
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F Feedstocks 1-1
EED1_H_CONT_BIAS 6-12 FIA 5-4
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F Figure A-1 10-7
EED1_HEAVY_CUT_PT_65 Figure A-2 10-7
0F 6-12 Figure B 10-7
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F Figure C 10-7
EED1_HEAVY_CUT_PT_65 File
0F_BIAS 6-12 Left-click 2-8
FEED.FEEDADJ.BLK.FFEED1_F File dialog 2-6, 2-7
EED1_HVY_LMP_WABP 6- File Name 2-6, 3-18
12 In 2-6, 2-7, 3-18, 3-19

11-6 • Index Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


File submenu 3-19 fix 6-4
FinFan 3-3 Gasoline Mode 8-14
First Time 2-1 GC 5-7, 5-8
Fix 6-4 GC For All Light Materials 5-8
Gas/Oil 6-4 GC/MS 5-6, 6-3
Fix DELTAP 1-6 including 5-6
Fix PRES_IN 1-6 General Guidelines 2-5
Fixed WART 6-13 Using 2-5
Flashes 3-8 General Iteration Information 4-8
Flow 3-2, 5-3 Generating 9-1, 9-2
hydrotreater 3-2 LP 9-1, 9-2
Specification Through 5-3 LP Vectors 9-2
Flow Diagram 3-2 Generating LP Vectors 9-1
Flow Diagram Sheet 1-8, 3-2, 3-4, Global Rate 6-11
3-5, 3-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10 Group Activity 6-11
Buttons 3-4 Cracking 6-11
Excel 3-2 Group Rate 6-11
H2 Balance button 3-9 Groups 10-2
H2 Streams button 3-9 GUI s 2-1
Yields button 3-10
Flow Rate 5-8, 5-9, 5-11 H
Flow Sheet Changes 6-14
Flowmeter 1-8 H/C 5-9
Flowmeters 1-9 H2 5-1, 5-8, 5-9, 5-16, 6-4
Flowrate 1-8, 5-8, 6-3 Free 6-4
Flowrates 1-10 H-2 6-11
Flowsheet 2-1, 2-3, 2-4, 3-18, 5-13, order 6-11
6-14 H2 Balance 3-9
varying 6-14 view 3-9
Flowsheet instantiation 3-13 H2 Balance Button 3-9
during 3-13 Flow Diagram Sheet 3-9
Flowsheeting 6-14, 11-1 H2 Consumption 10-6
Flowsheets 6-14 H2 Makeup Gas 5-9
Form 3-1, 3-2 H2 Streams 3-9
LP 3-1 view 3-9
Format 1-9, 3-11 H2 Streams Button 3-9
clicking 1-8 Flow Diagram Sheet 3-9
Fractionator 3-4, 5-8, 5-13, 5-14, 6- H2-C5 5-9
12, 8-3, 11-1 H2S 5-1, 5-3, 5-8, 6-11, 10-2, 10-6
hydrotreater 5-8 HA1_OLEF 10-6
Free 6-4, 6-5 HA2N 10-4
H2 6-4 HAN 10-3
Freedom 1-6 HAN3 10-4
Freeze Point 5-8 HBNitAN 10-5
Fresh Feed 6-4 HCGO 3-2
FSPLIT 5-1 HDM 10-6
Full Computer Name 2-2, 2-3, 3-17 HDN 3-3, 10-7
Functions HDN Group Activity 6-11
Profit2 8-3 HDS 3-3, 10-6, 10-7
HDS Group Activity 6-11
Heaters 3-8
G
Heating Oil Mode 8-14
Gas GC 5-9 Heavy coker 3-3
Gas Plant 3-4 Heavy Naphtha 5-2, 6-10
Gas Streams 5-8, 5-9 Heavy naphtha/distillate 6-16
Gas/Oil 6-4 Help 3-23

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Index • 11-7


Help submenu 3-23 HYTU 8-9, 9-1
Use 3-23 feeds 9-1
Hessian 4-2 HYTU LP 9-1
Hidden Worksheets 3-11
View 3-11 I
High Pressure Separator 3-4
HN 5-8 I1 8-8
Host 2-1, 3-17 Ici 4-1
In 2-2, 2-3, 3-17, 3-18 Including 5-4
HPLC 5-6, 5-7 GC/MS 5-4
HPS 3-3, 5-8, 5-9 Incrementals 8-5
stream 3-4 Independent Variables 4-10, 8-1, 8-
HR 4-7 2
HS28 10-5 Infeasibilities 4-11
HT SimDist 5-7 Information 5-14
HTR 5-3 Pricing 5-14
HTR Button 3-8 Initialize 3-16, 4-2
HVGO 3-2 HYT flowsheet 3-16
Hydrocracking 1-1, 5-2, 5-8 Input 3-11
optimizing 1-1 Feeds 3-11
Hydrodemetalization 10-6 ParamData 3-11
Hydrodenitrogenation 3-3, 10-6 ProcessDetail 3-11
Hydrodesulfurization 3-3, 10-6 Simulation 3-11
dibenzothiophene 10-7 Instrumentation 1-9
Hydrogen 6-5 Introduction 1-3, 4-1, 5-1, 6-1, 6-
Hydrogen consumption/Total 6-11 14, 6-16
Hydrogenation Group 6-11 Equation-Oriented Solver 4-1
Hydroprocessing 10-7 Model Parameterization 5-1
Hydrotreater 3-2, 3-3, 5-5, 5-6, 5-8, Simulation 6-1
5-10, 5-11, 5-16, 5-17, 6-14, Invoking 6-1
8-9, 9-1, 10-6 EB 6-1
calibrate 5-16 Iso-butane 10-1
end 10-7 Iteration Function Function
flow 3-2 Value Ratio Model
fractionator 5-10, 5-11 Ratio 4-11
part 9-1, 9-2 Iteratively 1-4
Hydrotreater Model 10-2, 10-5 IV1_1 8-3
Table A-Component Slate 10-1 IV2_1 8-3
Hydrotreating 1-1, 5-8 IV2_2 8-3
HYT 3-15, 3-18, 4-10, 8-1, 8-2, 8- IV3_1 8-3
15 IV3_2 8-3
connect 3-18
suppose 8-14 J
HYT Flowsheet 2-1, 3-17, 3-18
initialize 3-17 Jacobian 4-2, 4-4, 4-8, 9-2
Load 2-1, 2-2 calculate 9-5
HYT GUI 3-18 Jet 6-10
opening 3-18 Jet/naphtha 5-11
HYT menu 2-5 points 5-10, 5-11
Update Fields button 2-5 Jump 5-15
HYT Summary 7-1 Step 5-15
HYT toolbar 2-1
HYT VBA 3-15 K
Hyt.appdf 2-1, 3-16, 3-18
Hyt.appdf file 2-1, 3-16, 3-18 Kg/hr 4-12
HYT_ANALYZE.XLS 5-8 Kinetic Framework 10-6

11-8 • Index Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


L Generating 9-2
running 9-2
Lagrange 4-2, 4-7 selecting 9-5
Langmiur-Hinshelwood 10-6 LP Vector Generation 9-2
Langmuir-Hinshelwood 3-3 LP Vectors Sheet 9-4
Largest Unscaled Residuals 4-6 LP Vectors Worksheet 9-2
LCGO 3-2 LPG 5-17, 6-11
LCO 3-2, 5-8, 6-18 LPS 3-3, 5-8, 5-9, 5-10, 5-17, 6-11
Light coker 3-2 rates 5-17
Light Ends 5-4 LTHA 10-5
Light Gas 5-8, 5-9 LVGO 3-2
Light naphtha/heavy 6-16
Line Search ACTIVE 4-4
Line Search Creep Mode ACTIVE M
4-12 MA2NLO 10-4
Linear Programming 9-1 Main Fractionator 3-4, 5-13
Liquid Feeds 5-8 Simplified Separation Model 3-3
Liquid GC 5-8, 5-9 Makes 4-3, 8-9
LN 5-4, 5-8, 11-1 optimizer 4-3
value 11-2 Makeup H2 5-8
LNNit 10-5 MANHi 10-3
Load 2-1, 2-7, 2-8, 3-12, 3-18, 3-20 Manual Access 3-14
Aspen AHT 3-12 Command Line Window 3-14
HYT Flowsheet 2-1 Marking 8-8
select 3-18 ReceiveVars 8-3
Load button 2-7 MASS_FLOW 1-5, 1-8
Load Case Data 2-7, 3-19, 6-17, 6- MASS_FLOW^2 1-5, 1-6, 1-8
18 Material Bal 5-8
Load Data From 3-22 Max 8-12
Engine 3-22 Maximum-distillate 5-2
Load HYT Flowsheet 2-1, 3-15, 3- Maximum-naphtha 5-2
16 MAXITER 4-1
Load User Input Sheet 3-20, 6-17, MAXITER Maximum 4-3
6-18 Meas 6-3
execute 3-20 MEAS 1-7, 1-9, 5-16, 8-9, 9-2
Use 3-20 number 1-7
Loading 2-7 PRES_OUT 1-8
.var Files 2-7 value 5-16
Data Files 2-7 Measured 6-2
User Data from File 2-7 Measurements 1-7
Loading flowsheet 2-1 MHz Pentium III PC 3-17
Loading Aspen Hydrotreater Microsoft Excel 1-3, 3-15
flowsheet 2-1 Midriser 6-19
Loading Aspen HYT flowsheet 3- Min 4-9, 8-1, 8-12
16 Minimize f 4-1
Low Pressure Separator 3-4 MINITER Minimum 4-3
LP 1-3, 1-7, 3-1, 5-5, 7-1, 9-1, 9-2 MN1Lo_OL 10-5
choose 9-2 MN2LO 10-3
correspond 7-3 MN3Lo 10-3
factors 9-1, 9-2 MODE 6-3
form 3-1 MODEL 4-11
generating 9-1, 9-3 Model CONST Specifications 6-3
run 9-2, 9-3 Model Parameterization 5-1
set 7-1 Introduction 5-1
LP Vector 1-6, 3-1, 7-1, 9-2, 9-3 Model Running Mode 6-12
changes 9-4 Alternatives 6-12

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Index • 11-9


Model Specifications 1-5 Octane BBL 8-3
Model Tuning Facts 6-11 Olefins Reactor Models 3-3
Model View 5-3 OLFRXN 3-3
Model.&&bookmark 7-1 Once-regenerated 5-14
Modes 1-7 One-dimensional 4-1
MON 5-8 Perform 4-1, 4-2
MONO 5-5 Open button 2-1, 2-7
More Detailed Parameterization 5- Click 2-7, 2-8
16 Open dialog 2-7
MTHA 10-5 On 2-7, 2-8
Multi-Mode Specifications 1-7 Opens 2-1, 3-14, 3-16, 3-18, 8-9
Aspen HYT GUI 2-1
N Command Line window 3-14
HYT GUI 3-18
Name 8-10, 9-4 Setup Optimization Case dialog
deselect 8-10, 9-4 8-9
Naphtha 6-10 Operating Data 5-13
Naphtha/Distillate 6-10 OPT 6-3, 8-9
Naphtha/heavy 6-10 Opt Select 8-9
Naphthene 5-4, 6-11 Optim 6-3
Naphthenes 10-2 OPTIM 1-9, 8-9
Navigate 2-3 number 1-9
N-butane 10-2 Optimization 1-9, 5-14, 8-1, 8-2, 8-
NDM 5-4 9, 8-10, 8-11
Network Identification 2-1, 3-16 running 5-14
NH3 5-1, 5-8, 10-6 Optimization Basics 8-1
NH-3 6-11 Optimization Cases 3-21, 5-14, 8-
Nitrogen 10-2, 10-5 12
NMR 5-5, 5-6, 5-7 Executing 8-12
No button 2-5, 3-23, 5-14 For 3-21
No Creep button 3-13 Optimization Solutions 8-14
clicking 3-13 Analyzing 8-14
NO FEASIBLE SOLUTION 4-10, Optimization Timing Statistics
4-11 Time Percent 4-11
NOCREEP 4-14 Optimize 1-1, 1-7, 8-9, 8-10, 8-12,
NOISE 6-4 8-14
Nonlinearity Ratio 4-4, 4-8 activates 8-9
Non-Reactor 5-13 examine 8-14
Not Converged 4-1 hydrocracking 1-1
Notes on Variable Bounding 4-13 return 8-12
Number 1-5, 1-7, 1-9, 3-4 select 8-12
degrees-of-freedom 1-5 Optimizer 4-3, 4-10, 8-2, 8-14
DOF 1-8 makes 4-3
MEAS 1-7 OUT file 4-10, 4-12
OPTIM 1-9 Overall Plant Material Balance
Sheet 5-8
O Tuning Runs 5-8
Overview 3-12, 3-15, 3-21, 3-22, 3-
Obj/x 4-7 23, 7-1, 9-1, 10-1
OBJCVG 4-1
OBJCVG Objective 4-3
P
Objective Convergence Function 4-
4, 8-13 P&IDs 5-14
Objective Function Value 4-4 PAR 4-13, 6-3
Objective Functions dialog 8-3 Para Xylene 10-3
Add Variables 8-4, 8-5, 8-8 Paraffin hydrocracking 3-3, 10-6

11-10 • Index Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Paraffins/naphthene 6-11 PRES_OUT spec 1-9
Param 3-4, 6-3 PRES_PARAM 1-5, 1-6, 1-8
Run 3-4 Pressure Drop Model Example 1-5
PARAM 1-7, 1-8, 5-16, 6-18, 8-12, Pricing 5-14
9-2 Information 5-14
Restore 6-18 PRINT SPEC TO 6-3
return 6-18 Prior 3-8
running 6-18 Prior Button 3-8
Param Data 3-9, 7-1 Save 3-8, 3-9
Param UserInput 3-11 Problem 2-1, 3-16
ParamData 1-7, 3-1, 3-4, 3-11, 5-8, Process Details 1-7, 3-4, 3-6, 3-7,
5-16 3-8, 3-9, 3-10, 5-3
input 3-11 Process Model Library 1-3
refreshes 3-4 Process Overview 3-4, 3-5, 3-9, 5-3
ParamData IO 3-11 Process Overview Button 3-5
ParamData Links 3-11 Process Specification 5-4
PARAMETER 5-16 Strategy 5-4
Run 5-16, 5-17 ProcessDetail 3-1, 3-11
Parameter Case 5-16 input 3-11, 3-12
Parameterization 5-14, 5-16, 5-17, ProcessDetail IO 3-11
6-18 ProcessDetail Links 3-11
effect 5-14 ProcessDetail UserInput 3-11
run 5-14 ProcessOverview 3-1, 3-11
Parameterization Case 5-14 ProcessOverview IO 3-11
Running 5-14 ProcessOverview Links 3-11
Parameterized 6-2 ProcessOverview UserInput 3-11
Parameters 1-7, 3-19, 3-20, 5-14 PROD 6-15
run 5-14, 5-15, 5-16 Prod/Feed 6-4
select 5-14 PRODSP 3-3
Part 9-1 PRODSP Section 6-10
Hydrotreater 9-1 PRODSP.ANBTMS.BLK.WNITR
Perform 4-1 O_HYTNITR 6-13, 6-14
one-dimensional 4-2 PRODSP.ANBTMS.BLK.WSULF
PFDs 5-14 UR_HYTSUL 6-13, 6-14
PIANO 5-1, 5-2 PRODSP.ANHVN.BLK.D86CRV
PIMS Table 3-1, 3-12 _D86CRV_90 6-10
PIMS Vectors 3-1 PRODSP.ANJET.BLK.D86CRV_
PIMSin 3-12 D86CRV_90 6-10
PIMSout 3-12 PRODSP.ANLVN.BLK.D2887CR
PIMSTM 9-1 V_TBPCRVWT_90 6-10
PINA 5-8 PRODSP.JETTOWER.SPLTCAL
Plant.ebs 1-3 C.BLK.ECP 6-10, 6-12
Play 5-14 PRODSP.JETTOWER.SPLTCAL
Click 5-14, 5-15, 5-16 C.BLK.SIBOT 6-16
Plex 4-11 PRODSP.JETTOWER.SPLTCAL
Updating 4-11 C.BLK.SITOP 6-16
PML 1-3 PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-
Points 5-8 OH_SPLIT_C1 6-15
Jet/naphtha 5-8 PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-
Pour Point 5-2, 5-8 OH_SPLIT_C2 6-15
Prefrac 5-9, 5-10 PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-
Pre-fractionation 6-11 OH_SPLIT_C3 6-15
adjust 6-15, 6-16 PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-
PRES_IN 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8 OH_SPLIT_H2 6-15
PRES_OUT 1-5, 1-6, 1-8, 1-9 PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS-
MEAS 1-8 OH_SPLIT_H2S 6-15

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Index • 11-11


PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS- Profit3 8-3
OH_SPLIT_NH3 6-15 Profit3Report 8-14
PRODSP.LPS.BLK.LPS- ProfitX 8-5
OH_SPLIT_XXX 5-10 ProfitX Worksheet 8-3
PRODSP.MFBTMS.SPLTCALC.B Programs 2-1, 2-3
LK.ECP 6-10, 6-12 Properties 2-1, 3-16
PRODSP.MFBTMS.SPLTCALC.B Provides Flowsheet 3-1
LK.SIBOT 6-16 Purge Gas 5-8, 5-9
PRODSP.MFBTMS.SPLTCALC.B Purge gas/total 6-5
LK.SITOP 6-16 Purpose 9-1
PRODSP.MFHVN.SPLTCALC.B Running LP Vectors 9-1
LK.ECP 6-10, 6-12 Put CALC on FINFAN 6-4
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGA Pyrrole 10-5
S_SPLIT_C1 6-15 Pyrrolidine 10-5
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGA
S_SPLIT_C2 6-15 Q
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGA
S_SPLIT_C3 6-15 QP 4-4, 4-8, 4-11
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGA solve 4-10
S_SPLIT_C4 6-15 QR2B1.BLK.PROD_TEMP 6-14
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGA QR2B2.BLK.PROD_TEMP 6-14
S_SPLIT_C5 6-15 Quench-distribution 5-3
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGA Quinoline 10-5
S_SPLIT_N2 6-15
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.OVGA R
S_SPLIT_NH3 6-15
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGAS R1 3-3
PLT_SPLIT_C3 6-16 R1 Button 3-7
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGAS R1 Objective 4-1
PLT_SPLIT_C4 6-16 R1 R2 HTR 3-4
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGAS R1B1 6-5, 6-6, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10
PLT_SPLIT_C5 6-16 R1B1.BLK.HHDS_ACT 6-5
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGAS R1B1.BLK.LHDN_ACT 6-6
PLT_SPLIT_H2 6-16 R1B1.BLK.LROP_ACT 6-6
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGAS R1B1.BLK.LSAT_ACT 6-5
PLT_SPLIT_H2S 6-16 R1B1.BLK.MPCR_ACT 6-5
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGAS R1B1.BLK.PCR_ACT 6-6
PLT_SPLIT_N2 6-16 R1B1-R2B2 3-3
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGAS R2 5-3, 6-14
PLT_SPLIT_NH3 6-16 R2 Button 3-7
PRODSP.PREFRAC.BLK.TOGAS R2B1.BLK.GLOBAL_ACTIVITY.
PLT_SPLIT_XXX 5-10 value 6-15
Product Analysis 5-4 R2B2.BLK.GLOBAL_ACTIVITY.
Product Nitrogen 6-11 value 6-15
Product Properties 5-1, 5-2 Rate 5-17, 6-4, 8-9
Product Stream 5-1 Feed 8-9
Product Sulfur 6-11, 10-9 LPS 5-16
Product Yields 6-11 Reactor 6-4
Products 5-8, 5-9, 5-10, 5-11 RDON 8-3
Profit 5-14, 5-15, 8-3, 8-4, 8-9, 8- entered 8-6, 8-8
10 Reaction Pathway Illustration 10-6
Profit1 8-3 Reaction Pathways 10-6
Profit1Report 8-14 Reaction Profile 3-4, 5-3
Profit2 8-3 Reaction Rate Tuning Strategy 6-
functions 8-3, 8-4, 8-8 11
Profit2Report 8-14 Reaction Section 3-3

11-12 • Index Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


Reaction Section Change 6-14 Optimize 8-12
Reactor 3-3, 3-7, 5-8, 5-13, 5-14, 6- param 6-18
4, 6-5 Return The Simulation Sheet And
rate 6-4 Model To 6-18
Reactor Bed 6-11 Converged Parameter Case 6-18
Reactor Bed Models 3-3 Return The Simulation Sheet And
Reactor Profiles 3-1, 3-5 Model To Their Pre-Solution
Reactor Profiles Button 3-5 States 6-17
Ready 2-3, 2-4, 3-18, 4-1 RGSPLIT 5-1
change 4-1 Rm Vector 4-1
REC 6-3 Rn Vector 4-1
ReceiveVars 3-12, 9-2 RON 5-8
AH 8-8 RON/MON 5-1, 5-2, 5-8
Column AB 8-3 Row 1005 7-3
Column Q 9-2 Row 111 7-3
marking 8-3 Run Cases 3-21, 5-15, 5-17, 6-16
RECOIL 3-2 select 6-16
Recon Objective Function 5-16 Running 3-4, 5-16, 6-18, 9-5
sigmas 5-16 LP 9-2, 9-3, 9-4, 9-5, 9-6
Reconciliation 5-16 LP Vectors 9-2
run 5-16 Optimization 5-14
Reconciliation Cases 5-16 param 6-18
use 5-16 Param 3-4
Recycle Gas Scrubber 5-2, 5-3 Parameter 5-15, 5-16
Recycle Gas Stream 5-9 Parameterization Case 5-14
Recycle Stream Data 5-14 Reconciliation 5-16, 5-17
Ref 10-7 Running LP Vectors 9-1
Refers 10-6 Purpose 9-1
Direct Mechanism 10-6 Run-Time Intervention 4-14
Reflash 5-9 RVP 5-8
Refresh All Data Sheets 3-22 RXN Section 6-4
Refreshes 3-4 RXN.FINFAN.BLK.DUTY.SPEC
ParamData 3-4 6-4
Remember 4-7 RXN.FINFAN.BLK.H_OUT_TEM
unscale 4-8 P.SPEC 6-4
Report 3-1, 3-2, 5-15 RXN.GOR.BLK.R1_INLET_GO-
Required/Optional 5-5 RATIO.SPEC 6-4
RESCVG 4-2 RXN.H2MAKE1.BLK.MOLES.SP
RESCVG Residual 4-3 EC 6-4
Reset 2-1, 2-4 RXN.HPS.BLK.PROD_PRES.SPE
Aspen Plus 2-1, 2-4 C 6-5
Aspen Plus Connection 2-4 RXN.HTR.BLK.C_OUT_TEMP 6-
Reset ApMain 2-4, 3-15 4, 6-13
Reset Aspen Plus 2-4 RXN.HTR.BLK.DUTY.SPEC 6-4
Reset The Aspen Plus Connection RXN.QH2SPLIT.BLK.STRM_2_
2-4 MOLES.SPEC 6-4
Residual Objective Objective RXN.QH2SPLIT.BLK.STRM_3_
Overall Model 4-10 MOLES.SPEC 6-4
Residual Convergence Function 4- RXN.QH2SPLIT.BLK.STRM_4_
4, 8-13 MOLES.SPEC 6-4
Restore 6-17, 6-18 RXN.QH2SPLIT.BLK.STRM_5_
param 6-18 MOLES.SPEC 6-4
Result 5-4 RXN.QR1B2.BLK.PROD_TEMP
characterization 5-4 6-13
Return 6-18, 8-12, 8-13 RXN.QR1B2.BLK.PROD_TEMP.
EXCEL 8-13 SPEC 6-4

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Index • 11-13


RXN.QR2B1.BLK.PROD_TEMP RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA50
6-13 6-10
RXN.QR2B1.BLK.PROD_TEMP. RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA51
SPEC 6-4 6-10
RXN.QR2B2.BLK.PROD_TEMP RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA52
6-13 6-10
RXN.QR2B2.BLK.PROD_TEMP. RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA53
SPEC 6-4 6-10
RXN.R1B1 6-5, 6-6, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA54
6-10 6-10
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG16 RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA6 6-
6-6 8
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG17 RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA7 6-
6-6 8
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG18 RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA8 6-
6-6 8
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG19 RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA9 6-
6-6 9
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG27 RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_ROP19 6-
6-7 8
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG28 RXN.R1B1.BLK.OUTLET_TEMP
6-7 6-13
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG29 RXN.R1B2.BLK.GLOBAL_ACTI
6-7 VITY 6-5
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG38 RXN.R1B2.BLK.OUTLET_TEMP
6-7 6-13
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDRG39 RXN.R2B1.BLK.OUTLET_TEMP
6-5 6-13
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_HDS15 6- RXN.R2B2.BLK.OUTLET_PRES.
10 SPEC 6-4
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR1 RXN.R2B2.BLK.OUTLET_TEMP
6-7 6-13
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR11 RXN.RGCOMP.BLK.PROD_PRE
6-7 S.SEPC 6-5
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR12 RXN.RGPURGE.BLK.STRM_3_
6-7 MOLES.SPEC 6-5
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_PHCR2 RXN.RGPURGE.BLK.STRM_3_
6-5 RATIO.SPEC 6-5
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA20 RXN.T-
6-9 BIAS.BLK.R1B2R1B1_OUT
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA21 TEMP_DELTA 6-13, 6-14
6-9 RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R1B2R1B1_T-
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA30 RISE_DELTA 6-13
6-9 RXN.T-
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA31 BIAS.BLK.R2B1R1B2_OUT
6-9 TEMP_DELTA 6-14
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA32 RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B1R1B2_T-
6-9 RISE_DELTA 6-13
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA40 RXN.T-
6-9 BIAS.BLK.R2B2R2B1_OUT
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA41 TEMP_DELTA 6-13, 6-14
6-5 RXN.T-BIAS.BLK.R2B2R2B1_T-
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA42 RISE_DELTA 6-13
6-9 RXN.WABT.BLK.R1_WART 6-
RXN.R1B1.BLK.KREF_RDA43 13
6-9

11-14 • Index Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


RXN.WABT.BLK.R2_WART 6- Set 4-2, 5-10, 5-16, 5-17, 6-14, 7-1,
13 7-2, 7-3, 8-3, 8-9, 8-10
RXN.YIELDS.BLK.CONVERSIO ECP 5-8
N_WT_PCT 6-14 LP 7-3
Step Bounds 8-2
S Up An Optimization 8-9
Up Objective Functions 8-3
Satterfield 10-6 SET MODE 6-2, 6-3
Save As dialog 2-6 Set Startup Options 3-18
On 2-6, 2-7 Set Up An Optimization 8-9
Save button 2-6 Set Up Case Studies 3-21
Save Case Data 3-20 Set Up Lp Vectors 3-21
Use 3-20 Set Up Optimization Calculations
Save User Input Sheet 3-20 3-21
execute 3-20 Set Up Profit Function Number 3-
Save Your Data Entry 3-20 21
Save/load 1-4 Setting Bounds 8-1
Saving 2-6, 3-8, 3-16 Setup Cases 3-21, 7-1, 8-3, 8-9, 9-3
Data Files 2-6 Setup Cases submenu 3-21
On 2-6 Setup LP Vectors dialog 9-2
Prior Button 3-8 Setup Optimization Case dialog 8-9
Second Reactor 6-14 opens 8-10
To Turn Off 6-14 Sheets 1-9, 3-1, 3-11
Turning Off 6-14 User Interface 3-1
Section 5-10, 5-17, 6-3 SI 4-7
Select 3-12, 3-14, 3-15, 3-16, 3-18, SIBOT 5-11
3-19, 5-14, 6-1, 6-17, 7-1, 7- Sigmas 5-17
2, 7-3, 8-12, 9-3, 9-4 Recon Objective Function 5-17
Aspen HYT 3-12, 3-14 SIM 4-13, 6-2, 6-3
AspenHYT 3-15, 6-2 SimDist NOISE 5-7
Load 3-18, 3-19 Simple Parameterization 5-16
LP Vectors 9-2, 9-3, 9-4, 9-5, 9- Simplified Distillation Column 5-
6 12
Optimize 8-12 Simplified Separation Model 3-4,
Parameter 5-14 5-10, 11-1
Run Cases 6-16 Main Fractionator 3-3
Simulate 6-16 Simulate 6-16
Simulation Case 6-16 selecting 6-16
Startup Aspen HYT 3-15 Simulation 3-11, 3-19, 3-20, 6-1, 6-
Select button 3-4, 3-6, 5-3 17, 8-12, 9-2
Click 3-6 input 3-11
Select Manual Startup 3-18 Introduction 6-1
Select Objective Function dialog 8- Simulation Case 6-16
12 select 6-16
On 8-12, 8-13, 8-14 SITOP 5-11
Select Spec.Options dialog 3-6 SM 1-4
Selected Product dialog Smoke Point 5-8
Add Properties 8-5 Solve 4-2, 4-10, 4-11
SendVars 3-12, 8-9, 9-2 QP 4-10
Column Q 9-2 Solve The Optimization 8-12
SEP 5-1, 5-8 Spec 1-8, 6-2, 6-12, 6-13, 6-14
Separation Model Tuning 6-12 type 1-8, 1-9
Separation Section 3-4 SPEC 6-3
Separation Section Change 6-15 Specific Objective Function
Sequential-modular 1-4 Set Up 8-3, 8-4, 8-8

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Index • 11-15


Specification Options 1-8, 1-9, 3- AspenHYT 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, 3-
4, 5-3 24
see 1-9 AspenHYT menu 3-19
Specification Options Button 3-6 On 8-9, 8-10, 9-2, 9-3, 9-6
Specification Through 5-3 Successive Quadratic Programming
Flow 5-3 4-1
Specifications 1-8, 3-6 Sulfur/Nitrogen 5-8
Change 3-6 Sulfur-Containing Components 10-
Changing 1-8 6
Click 3-6 Sum 8-1
Specifications-Introduction 6-11 Squares 8-1
Specify 1-7, 1-9, 8-2 Sun Oil Company 10-1
Bounds 8-2 System Status Information 4-11
DOF 1-9
DP 1-7 T
Specify The LP Vectors 9-2
Specifying DataSpecifying_Data 3- Table B 10-1
21 Takes DMO 4-14
SQP 4-1, 4-3, 4-4 TBi 5-10, 11-1
count 4-4 TBP 5-1, 5-2, 5-8
Squares 8-1 Temperature Control 3-4, 3-6
Sum 8-1 Temperature-dependent 10-7
Standard 5-13 Tetra 5-5
Standard Aspen Plus 5-3 Tetrahydro 10-1
Starting 2-1 Tetrahydro-benzothiophenes 10-2
Aspen Hydrotreater 2-1, 2-3, Tetrahydro-
2-4 naphthabenzothiophenes 10-2
Aspen Hydrotreater After 2-3 The Update Profit Reports 5-14
Aspen Hydrotreater For 2-1 Thiophenes 10-7
Startup Aspen HYT 2-2, 2-4, 3-15, To Turn Off the Second Reactor 6-
3-16, 3-18 14
select 3-15 Tools 1-4, 3-12, 3-14, 3-22, 6-2
Startup Aspen HYT menu 2-1 Tools submenu 3-22
Startup AspenAHT submenu 3-15 Top/bottom 6-16
Startup AspenHYT 3-15 Total 5-14
Startup Options 3-18 Total Aromatics 5-5
Startup Options dialog 3-18 Total Nitrogen 5-1, 5-2, 6-4
Startup Options Dialog Box 3-18 Total Optimization Time
Startup 4.26 secs 100.00 4-11
OptionsStartup_Options_Dial Total Sulfur 5-1, 5-2
og_Box 3-15 TRI 5-5
Step 3-19, 5-14 T-rises 6-13
jump 5-14 Tune 5-6, 5-8
Step Bound Syntax 8-2 Catalyst Deactivation 5-4
Step Bounds 8-1 Tuning 6-11
Setting 8-1, 8-2, 8-3 Feed Adjuster 6-11
Sterically 10-7 Tuning Runs
Strategy 5-4 Overall Plant Material Balance
Process Specification 5-4 Sheet 5-8
Stream 3-3 Turn 6-14, 6-15
Aspen Hydrotreater/Hydrotreater Turning off Second Reactor 6-14
10-1 Txt file 6-18
HPS 3-3 Type 1-8
Submenu 3-19, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, 8- spec 1-8, 1-9
4, 8-10, 9-3

11-16 • Index Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide


U VA2 10-3
VA3 10-4
Understanding 5-1 Value 5-10, 5-11, 5-16, 11-1
AspenHydrotreater/Hydrotreater debutanizer 8-7
5-1 Ln 5-8, 11-1
Unhide 1-9, 3-11 MEAS 5-16
EB Scripts 1-8 Value Objective Shadow Price 4-7
want 3-11 VAN2 10-4
Unhide dialog 1-8 VAN3 10-4
Unit Mechanical Data 5-14 VANA 10-4
Unitless 8-6, 8-7 Var 2-6, 2-7
select 8-4, 8-6 Var File command 2-6
University 10-1 Varfile 1-4
Delaware 10-1 Variable Name 6-2, 6-12, 6-13, 6-
Utah 10-1 14
Unscale 4-7 Varying 6-14
remember 4-8 flowsheet 6-14
Up An Optimization 8-9 VBA 1-3
Setting 8-9 Vectors 9-5
Up Objective Functions 8-3 View 3-9, 3-10, 3-11
Setting 8-3, 8-4 H2 Balance 3-9
Update 4-2, 4-10 H2 Streams 3-9
Plex 4-10 Hidden Worksheet 3-11
Update Fields button 2-5 Yields 3-10
HYT menu 2-5 Viscosity 6-4
Update Profit Reports 5-14, 5-15 Viscosity @210 F 5-5
Usage Notes-General 4-9 Visual Basic 2-4
Use 2-6, 3-14, 3-15, 3-16, 3-19, 3- Vol 5-4
20, 3-23, 5-16, 5-17 VthA2N 10-5
AspenHYT 2-6
Close Residuals button 3-14
Help submenu 3-23 W
Load Case Data 3-19 Welcome 1-3
Load HYT Flowsheet 3-15 Win2000 2-1, 3-16
Load User Input Sheet 3-20 Windows Start menu 2-1
Reconciliation Case 5-16, 5-17 From 2-1, 2-2, 2-3
Save Case Data 3-20 Windows XP 2-1, 3-16
Save User Input Sheet button 3- With Infeasible Solutions 4-10
20 Dealing 4-10
User Data 2-6, 2-7, 2-8, 3-18, 3-19, With Singularities 4-12
3-20 Dealing 4-12
Loading from File 2-7 Workbook 2-7, 2-8
User Interface 3-1 Worksheet Name 3-1, 3-11
Sheets 3-1, 3-2 Worst Model 4-4
User Scripts 3-4, 3-6
User_default.txt 6-18
Using 2-5 X
General Guidelines 2-5 X - |Xstep 4-9, 8-1
Utah 10-1 X0 4-1
University 10-1 Xk+kdk 4-1
UV 5-5 Xl 4-9, 8-1, 8-2
Xlower 4-9, 8-2
V Xmax 4-1
Xmax Rn Vector 4-1
VA1 10-3 Xmin 4-1
VA1_OLEF 10-6 Xmin Rn Vector 4-1

Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide Index • 11-17


Xu 4-9, 8-1, 8-2 Yields 3-10, 5-3
Xupper 4-9, 8-2 view 3-10
Yields Button 3-10
Y Flow Diagram Sheet 3-10
Yields Cal 5-8
Yes button 2-5, 3-23, 5-14

11-18 • Index Aspen Hydrotreater User Guide

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