Uk BAS52

BASIC 52
8052 MICROCONTROLLER BASIC
QUICK REFERENCE
Via dell' Artigiano, 8/6

®
grifo 40016 San Giorgio di Piano
(Bologna) ITALY
ITALIAN TECHNOLOGY Email: grifo@grifo.it
http://www.grifo.it http://www.grifo.com
Tel. +39 051 892.052 (a.r.) FAX +39 051 893.661
BASIC 52 Edition 3.00 Rel. 11 January 1999
, GPC , grifo , are trade marks of grifo®
® ®
BASIC 52
QUICK REFERENCE
MCS BASIC 52 is a powerfull software tool , capable of managing a

BASIC high level programmation of all Intel 51 family based cards. It
is a "romated" software that generates "romable" software in an easy to
use enviroment; it also reduces the necessity of external hardware (in
circuit emulator, EPROM programmer, etc;) and at the same time it
speeds up debugging phase of the User application program.
MCS BASIC 52 is referred to generic software tools, but each cards has
a specific version of software associated to their hardware features; so
for each card the name MCS BASIC 52 become BASIC followed by
the card final name.
Via dell' Artigiano, 8/6

®
grifo 40016 San Giorgio di Piano
(Bologna) ITALY
ITALIAN TECHNOLOGY Email: grifo@grifo.it
Tel. +39 051 892.052 (a.r.) FAX +39 051 893.661
® ®
DOCUMENTATION COPYRIGHT BY grifo® , ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
BASIC 52
No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or
by any means, either electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written consent of Grifo®.
IMPORTANT
QUICK REFERENCE
Although all the information contained herein have been carefully verified, Grifo®
assumes no responsibility for errors that might appear in this document, or for damage
to things or persons resulting from technical errors, omission and improper use of this
manual and of the related software and hardware.
Grifo® reservs the right to change the contents and form of this document, as well as the
features and specification of its products at any time, without prior notice, to obtain
always the best product.
For specific informations on the components mounted on the card, please refer to the
Data Book of the builder or second sources.
SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION
In the manual could appear the following symbols:
Attention: Generic danger
Attention: High voltage
Trade
Via dell'marks
Artigiano, 8/6
® 40016 San Giorgio di® Piano
grifo
, GPC®, Grifo® : are trade(Bologna)
marks of Grifo
ITALY.
Other Product and Company names listed,
ITALIAN TECHNOLOGY Email:
aregrifo@grifo.it
trade marks of their respective companies.
Tel. +39 051 892.052 (a.r.) FAX +39 051 893.661
® ®
ITALIAN TECHNOLOGY grifo®
GENERAL INDEX
QUICK REFERENCE TO MCS BASIC 52 .............................................................................. 1
CONVENTIONS ........................................................................................................................ 1
OPERATOR LIST ...................................................................................................................... 1
INSTRUCTIONS LIST .............................................................................................................. 2
BASIC 52 MODIFICATIONS FOR GRIFO®'S CARDS ....................................................... 12

REMOVED COMMANDS, INSTRUCTIONS, OPERATORS ........................................... 12
ADDED COMMANDS ............................................................................................................. 12
ADDED OPERATORS ............................................................................................................. 12
ADDED INSTRUCTIONS ....................................................................................................... 12
SECOND SERIAL MANAGEMENT (SOFTWARE SERIAL LINE) .............................. 13
A/D CONVERTER MANAGEMENT .................................................................................. 13
REAL TIME CLOCK INTERRUPT MANAGEMENT .................................................... 14
BLOCK READ/WRITE ON SERIAL EEPROM AND RAM RTC .................................. 14
BYTE READ/WRITE ON SERIAL EEPROM AND RAM RTC...................................... 14
OPERATOR KEYBOARD MANAGEMENT..................................................................... 15
OPERATOR DISPLAY SELECTION AND INITIALIZATION ...................................... 15
82C55 INITIALIZATION FOR CONSOLE REDIRECTION MANAGEMENT........... 15
SFR (SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER) READ/WRITE ............................................... 16
REAL TIME CLOCK MANAGEMENT ............................................................................. 17
PWM LINES MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................ 17
Basic - 52 Page 1
grifo® ITALIAN TECHNOLOGY
FIGURE INDEX
FIGURE 1: ADDED INSTRUCTION TABLE ............................................................................................ 13
FIGURE A-1: KDX X24 ELECTRIC DIAGRAM .................................................................................. A-1
FIGURE A-2: QTP 24P ELECTRIC DIAGRAM PART 1 ...................................................................... A-2
FIGURE A-3: QTP 24P ELECTRIC DIAGRAM PART 2 ...................................................................... A-3
FIGURE A-4: QTP 16P ELECTRIC DIAGRAM ................................................................................. A-4
FIGURE A-5: PPI 82C55 ELECTRIC DIAGRAM ............................................................................... A-5
Page 2 Basic - 52
QUICK REFERENCE TO MCS BASIC 52
This quick reference to the BASIC 52 programming language lists the keywords alphabetically,
along with brief descriptions of function and use.
CONVENTIONS
The reference uses the following typographic conventions:
KEYWORDS (boldface uppercase)

BASIC 52 keywords
placeholders (italics)
Variables, expressions, constants, or other information that you must supply
[optional items] (enclosed in square brackets)

Items that are not required
repeating elements... (followed by ellipsis (three dots))

You may add more items with the same form as the preceding item.
OPERATOR LIST
C = command mode
R = run mode
variable = expression C,R

Assigns a value to a variable
expression = expression C,R

Equivalence test (relational operator)
expression + expression C,R

Add
expression - expression C,R

Subtract
expression * expression C,R

Multiply
expression / expression C,R
Divide
expression ** expression C,R

Raises first expression to value of second expression (exponent)
expression <> expression C,R

Inequality test (relational operator)
Basic - 52 Page 1
expression < expression C,R

Less than test (relational operator)
expression > expression C,R

Greater than test (relational operator)
expression <= expression C,R

Less than or equal test (relational operator)
expression >= expression C,R

Greater than or equal test (relational operator)
INSTRUCTIONS LIST
?
Same as PRINT
ABS (expression) C,R

Returns the absolute value of expression
expression .AND. expression C,R

Logical AND
ASC(character) C,R
Returns the value of ASCII character
ATN(expression) C,R
Returns the arctangent of expression
BAUD expression C,R

Sets the baud rate for LPT (pin 8). For proper operation, XTAL must match the
system’s crystal frequency.
CALL integer C,R

Calls an assembly-language routine at the specified address in program memory.
CBY(expression) C,R
Retrieves the value at expression in program, or code, memory.
CHR(expression) C,R
Converts expression to its ASCII character.
CLEAR C,R
Sets all variables to 0, resets all stacks and interrupts evoked by BASIC.
CLEARI C,R
Clears all interrupts evoked by BASIC. Disables ONTIME, ONEX1.
Page 2 Basic - 52
CLEARS C,R
Resets BASIC 52’s stacks. Sets control stack = 0FEh, argument stack = 1FEh,
internal stack = value in 3Eh in internal RAM.
CLOCK0 C,R
Disables the real-time clock.
CLOCK1 C,R
Enables the real-time clock.
CONT C
Continues executing program after STOP or CONTROL+C.
COS(expression) C,R
Returns the cosine of expression
CR
PRINT option. Causes a carriage return, but no line feed, on the host display.
DATA expression [,...,expression] R

Specifies expressions to be retrieved by a READ statement.
DBY(expression) C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value at expression in internal data memory.
DIM array name [(size)] [,...array name(size)] C,R

Reserves storage for an array. Default size is 11 (0-10). Size limits are 0-254.
DO: [program statements]: UNTIL relational expression R

Executes all statements between DO and UNTIL until relational expression is
true.
DO: [program statements]: WHILE relational expression R

Executes all statements between DO and WHILE until relational expression is
false.
END R
Terminates program execution.
EXP (expression) C,R

Raises e (2.7182818) to the power of expression
FOR counter variable = start-count expression C,R

TO end-count expression [
STEP count-increment expression]: [program statements]:
NEXT [counter variable]
Executes all statements between FOR and NEXT the number of times specified by
the counter and step expressions.
Basic - 52 Page 3
FPROG, FPROG1-FPROG6 C
Like PROG, PROG1-PROG6, but using Intelligent programming algorithm.
FREE C,R
Returns the number of bytes of unused external data RAM.
GET R
Contains the ASCII code of a character received from the host computer’s
keyboard. After a program reads the value of GET (For example, G=GET), GET
returns to 0 until a new character arrives.
GOSUB line number R

Causes BASIC 52 to transfer program control to a subroutine beginning at line
number. A RETURN statement returns control to the line number following the
GOSUB statement.
GOTO line number C,R

Causes BASIC 52 to jump to line number in the current program.
IDLE R
Forces BASIC 52 to wait for ONTIME or ONEX1 interrupt.
IE C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value to the 8052’s special function register IE.
IF relational expression R
THEN program statements
[ELSE] [program statements]
If relational expression is true, executes program statements following THEN. If
relational expression is false, executes program statements following ELSE, if
used.
INPUT [“Prompt message”][,] variable [,variable] [,...variable] R

Displays a question mark and optional prompt message on the host computer and
waits for keyboard input. Stores input in variable(s). A comma before the first
variable suppresses the question mark.
INT(expression) C,R
Returns integer portion of expression.
IP C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value to the 8052’s special function register IP.
LD@ expression C,R

Retrieves a 6-byte floating-point number and places it on the argument stack.
Expression points to the most significant byte of the number.
LEN C,R
Returns the number of bytes in the current program.
Page 4 Basic - 52
[LET] variable = expression C,R

Assigns a variable to the value of expression. Use of LET is optional.
LIST[line number][-line number] C,R

Displays the current program on the host computer.
LIST# [line number][-line number] C,R

Writes the current program to LPT (pin 8).
LIST@ [line number][-line number] C,R

Writes the current program to a user-written assembly-language output driver at
40C3h. Setting bit 7 of internal data memory location 27H enables the driver.
LOG(expression) C,R
Returns natural logarithm of expression.
MTOP [=highest address in RAM program space] C,R

Assigns or reads the highest address BASIC 52 will use to store variables,
strings, and RAM programs. Usually 7FFFh or lower, since EPROM space
begins at 8000h.
NEW C
Erases current program in RAM; clears all variables.
NOT (expression) C,R

Returns 1’s complement (inverse) of expression.
NULL [integer] C
Sets the number (0-255) of NULL characters (ASCII 00) that BASIC 52 sends
automatically after a carriage return. Only very slow printers or terminals need
these extra nulls.
ON expression GOSUB line number [,line number] [,...,line number] R

Transfers program control to a subroutine beginning at one of the line numbers in
the list. The value of expression matches the position of the line number selected,
with the first line number at position 0.
ON expression GOTO line number [,line number] [,...,line number] R

Transfers program control to one of the line numbers in a list of numbers. The
value of expression matches the position of the line number selected, with the
first line number at position 0.
ONERR line number R

Passes control to line number following an arithmetic error. Arithmetic errors
include ARITH. OVERFLOW, ARITH. UNDERFLOW, DIVIDE BY ZERO,
and BAD ARGUMENT.
Basic - 52 Page 5
ONEX1 line number R

On interrupt 1 (pin 13), BASIC 52 finishes executing the current statement, and
then passes control to an interrupt routine beginning at line number. The interrupt
routine must end with RETI.
ONTIME number of seconds, line number R

When TIME = number of seconds, BASIC 52 passes control to an interrupt
routine beginning at line number. The interrupt routine must end with RETI.
CLOCK1 starts the timer.
expression .OR. expression C,R

Logical OR
P.
Same as PRINT
PCON C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value to the 8052’s special function register PCON.
PGM C,R
Programs an EPROM, EEPROM, or NV RAM with data from memory. The
following data must be stored in internal data memory in the locations listed:
1Bh,19h High byte, low byte of first address of data to program
1Ah,18h High byte, low byte of first address to be programmed - 1
1Fh,1Eh High byte, low byte indicating number of bytes to program
40h,41h High byte, low byte indicating width of programming pulse.
High byte = ((65536 - pulse width in seconds * XTAL/12) / 256.
Low byte = ((65536 - pulse width in seconds * XTAL/12) .AND. 0FFh.
26h For Intelligent programming, set bit 3.
For 50-millisecond programming, clear bit 3.
PH0. C,R
Same as PRINT, but displays values in hexadecimal format. Uses two digits to
display values less than 0FFh.
PH0.# C,R
Same as PRINT#, but displays values in PH0. hexadecimal format
PH0.@ C,R
Same as PRINT@, but outputs values in PH0. hexadecimal format.
PH1. C,R
Same as PRINT, but displays values in hexadecimal format. Always displays
four digits.
PH1.# C,R
Same as PRINT#, but displays values in PH1. hexadecimal format.
Page 6 Basic - 52
PH1.@ C,R
Same as PRINT@, but outputs values in PH1. hexadecimal format.
PI C,R
Constant equal to 3.1415926.
POP variable [,...variable] C,R

Assigns the value of the top of the argument stack to variable.
PORT1 C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value to PORT1 (pins 1-8).
PRINT [expression] [,...expression] [,] C,R

Displays the value of expression(s) on the host computer. A comma at the end
of the statement suppresses the CARRIAGE RETURN/LINEFEED. Values are
separated by two spaces. Additional PRINT options are CR, SPC, TAB, USING.
PRINT# C,R
Same as PRINT, but outputs to LPT (pin 8). BAUD and XTAL values affect the
PRINT# rate.
PRINT@ C,R
Same as PRINT, but outputs to a user-defined output driver. Requires an
assembly language output routine at 403Ch in external program memory.
Setting bit 7 of internal data memory location 24h enables the output routine.
PROG C
Stores the current RAM program in the EPROM space.
PROG1 C
Saves the serial-port baud rate. On power-up or reset, BASIC 52 boots without
having to receive a space character. The terminal’s baud rate must match the
stored value.
PROG2 C
Like PROG1, but on power-up or reset, BASIC 52 also begins executing the first
program in the EPROM space.
PROG3 C
Like PROG1, but also saves MTOP. On power-up or reset, BASIC 52 clears
memory only to MTOP.
PROG4 C
Like PROG2, but also saves MTOP. On power-up or reset, BASIC 52 clears
memory only to MTOP.
Basic - 52 Page 7
PROG5 C
Like PROG3, but also reads 5Fh in external data memory on power-up or reset.
If 5Fh contains 0A5h, BASIC 52 doesn’t clear external data memory. If data
memory location 5Eh contains 34h, BASIC 52 will automatically begin execut-ing
a program in external data memory.
PROG6 C
Like PROG5, but if external data memory location contains 5Fh, BASIC 52 calls
a user-written assembly-language reset routine beginning at program memory
4039h.
PUSH expression [,...expression] C,R

Places the values of expression(s) sequentially on BASIC 52’s argument stack.
PWM expression1, expression2, expression3 C,R

Outputs a pulse-width modulated (PWM) sequence of pulses on pin 3.
Expression1 is the width of each high pulse, expressed in clock cycles. Expression2
is the width of each low pulse, expressed in clock cycles. Expression3 is the number
of PWM cycles output. One clock cycle = 12/XTAL. One PWM cycle = one high
pulse plus one low pulse. Expression1 and Expression2 must each be at least 25.
Maximum for each Expression is 65535.
RAM C
Selects the current program in the RAM space.
RCAP2 C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value to the 8052’s special function registers RCAP2H and
RCAP2L.
READ variable [,...,variable] R

Retrieves the expressions in a DATA statement and assigns each expression to a
variable.
REM C,R
Introduces a comment, or remark. BASIC 52 ignores all text after REM in a
program line.
RESTORE R
Resets READ pointer to the first expression in the DATA statement.
RETI R
Returns program control to the line number following the most recently executed
ONEX1 or ONTIME statement.
RETURN R
Returns program control to the line number following the most recently executed
GOSUB statement.
Page 8 Basic - 52
RND C,R
Returns a pseudo-random number between 0 and 1 inclusive.
ROM [program number] C

Selects a program in the EPROM space (beginning at 8000h). Default program
number is 1.
RROM [program number] C,R

Changes to ROM mode and runs the specified program. Default program number
is 1.
RUN R
Executes the current program. Clears all variables.
SGN (expression) C,R

Returns +1 if expression >=0, zero if expression = 0, and -1 if expression <0.
SIN(expression) C,R
Returns the sine of expression
SPC (expression)
PRINT option. Causes the display to place expression additional spaces (besides
the minimum two) between values in a PRINT statement.
SQR(expression) C,R
Returns square root of expression.
ST@ expression C,R

Copies a 6-byte floating-point number from the argument stack to external data
memory. Expression points to the most significant byte of the number.
STOP
Halts program execution.
STRING expressions, expression2 C,R

Allocates memory for strings (variables each consisting of a series of text
characters).
Expression1 = (Expression2 * number of strings) + 1.
Expression2 = maximum number of bytes (characters) per string + 1. Executing
STRING clears all variables. Maximum number of strings is 255.
T2CON C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value to the 8052’s special function register T2CON.
TAB(expression)
PRINT option. Specifies the position (number of spaces) to begin displaying the
next value in the PRINT statement.
Basic - 52 Page 9
TAN(expression) C,R
Returns the tangent of expression.
TCON C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value to the 8052’s special function register TCON.
TIME C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value, in seconds, to BASIC 52’s real-time clock.
TIMER0 C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value to the 8052’s special function registers TH0 and TL0.
TIMER1 C,R
TIMER2 C,R
TMOD C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value to the 8052’s special function register TMOD.
U.
PRINT option. Same as USING.
UI0 C,R
Restores BASIC 52’s console input driver after using UI1.
UI1 C,R
Allows a user-provided assembly-language console (host computer) input routine
to replace BASIC 52’s console input driver. External program memory location
4033h must contain a jump to the user’s routine.
UO0 C,R
Restores BASIC 52’s console output driver after using UI1.
UO1 C,R
Allows a user-provided assembly-language console (host computer) output
routine to replace BASIC 52’s console output driver. External program memory loca-
tion 4030h must contain a jump to the user’s routine.
USING (FN)
PRINT option. Causes BASIC 52 to output numbers in exponential format
with N significant digits. BASIC 52 always outputs at least 3 significant digits.
Maximum expression is 8.
USING(0)
PRINT option. Causes BASIC 52 to output numbers from ±.99999999 to ±0.1 as
decimal fractions. Numbers outside this range display in USING (FN) format.
USING(0) is the default format.
Page 10 Basic - 52
USING (#[...#][.]#[...#])
PRINT option. Causes BASIC 52 to output numbers using decimal fractions,
with # representing the number of significant digits before and after the decimal
point. Up to eight # characters are allowed.
XBY(expression) C,R
Retrieves or assigns a value in external data memory.
XFER C
Copies the current program from the EPROM space (beginning at 8010h for
program 1) to RAM (beginning at 200h), and selects RAM mode.
expression .XOR. expression C,R

Logical exclusive OR
XTAL C,R
Assigns a value equal to the system’s crystal frequency, for use by BASIC 52 in
timing calculations.
Basic - 52 Page 11
BASIC 52 MODIFICATIONS FOR GRIFO® ' S CARDS
Here follows a brief description of MCS BASIC 52 variation=BASIC xxx, performed by grifo® to
satisfy all user's requests.
REMOVED COMMANDS, INSTRUCTIONS, OPERATORS
Removed commands Removed instruction Removed operators

LIST# BAUD None
FPROG PRINT#
FPROG1 PH0.#
FPROG2 PH1.#
FPROG3 PWM
FPROG4
FPROG5
FPROG6
ADDED COMMANDS
ERASE -> Deletes EEPROM content removing all the application program saved in with
command PROG,PROG1,...PROG6.
ADDED OPERATORS
None.
ADDED INSTRUCTIONS
Here a summary of the differences between original MCS BASIC 52 and BASIC for GRIFO's cards.
This additions are really interesting to manage on board hardware resources with high level
intrunctions. With these instructions the development of the application program is really faster and
easier, even for first time users.
Page 12 Basic - 52
BASIC 52 FOR
Commands
GPC ® GPC® GPC® GPC ® GPC® GPC® GPC ® GPC® GPC®
and
F2 51 552 553 554 323 324 R63 T63
instructions
ERASE • • • • • • • • •
A_D • • • •
ALARM • • •
BL_EE
• • • • •
BL_EE2
BY_EE • • • • •
COM2 • • • • •
DISPLAY • • • • •
GES_RTC • • •
KEYB • • • • •
P82C55 • • •
RW_SFR • • • • •
SET_PWM • • •
FIGURE 1: ADDED INSTRUCTION TABLE
SECOND SERIAL MANAGEMENT (SOFTWARE SERIAL LINE)
COM2 (expression)
This procedure manages all the operation on the software serial line. for the trasmission on this line
the user must use the PRINT@... instruction, while for the reception, there is a buffer allocated in
EXTERNAL RAM. If the software serial line management is active, the user can't use the TIMER
0 instruction because this timer is used as baud rate generator.
(expression) --> 0 = It disables the software serial line
1 = It disables the software serial line at 1200 BAUD
4 = It reads the characters number already saved in the reception buffer
5 = It resets the reception buffer
A/D CONVERTER MANAGEMENT
A_D (expression)
It performs an A/D conversion of an analog input.The conversion is made on the request channel and
the result is returned to the main program.
(expression) --> Channel number (0 to 7)
Basic - 52 Page 13
REAL TIME CLOCK INTERRUPT MANAGEMENT
ALARM (expression1),(expression2),(expression3),(expression4),
(expression5),(expression6),(expression7),(expression8)
It enables the interrupt of RTC so it can generate time based and to manage the allarm.
(expr1) --> 0 = It enables NO CLOCK ALARM (ALARM MODE)
1 = It enables DAILY ALARM (ALARM MODE)
2 = It enables WEEKDAY ALARM (ALARM MODE)
3 = It enables DATED ALARM (ALARM MODE)
4 = It enables TIMER (TIMER MODE)
5 = Reset flag of ALARM
TIMER MODE
(expr2) --> 0 to 99 = Count byte
(expr3) --> 0 = No timer
1 = It counts "CENTS OF SECOND"
2 = It counts "SECONDS"
3 = It counts "MINUTES"
4 = It counts "HOURS"
5 = It counts "DAYS"
ALARM MODE
(expr2) --> Byte with HOURS value (0 to 23).
(expr3) --> Byte with MINUTES value (0 to 59)
(expr4) --> Byte with SECONDS value (0 to 59)
(expr5) --> Byte with DAY OF WEEK value (0 to 59)
(expr6) --> Byte with DAY OF MONTH value(1 to 31)
(expr7) --> Byte with MONTH value (1 to 12)
(expr8) --> Byte with YEAR value (0 to 3)
BLOCK READ/WRITE ON SERIAL EEPROM AND RAM RTC
BL_EE (expression1),(expression2),(expression3)
It performs a data block read or write operation at a specified address, on serial EEPROM.The
W/R data buffer is located in EXTERNAL RAM address.
(expression1) --> 0 = Reading of a data block
1 = Writing of a data block
(expression2) --> Initial location address (0 to last device address)
(expression3) --> Number of bytes to write or read (1 to 255)
BYTE READ/WRITE ON SERIAL EEPROM AND RAM RTC
BY_EE (expression1),(expression2),(expression3)
It performs a byte read or write operation at a specified address, on serial EEPROM.The user must
remember that in read procedure the (expression3) parameter must be given even if it has no meaning.
(expression1) --> 0 = Reading of byte
1 = Writing a byte
(expression2) --> Location address (0 to last device address)
(expression3) --> Byte to write (0 to 255)
Page 14 Basic - 52
OPERATOR KEYBOARD MANAGEMENT
KEYB (expression)
It enables or disables the matrix keyboard scanning and reads the possible key pressed code. This
procedure can start or stop a periodic keyboard scanning, with a debouncing on the pressed key, or
it can return the pressed key code (0 if no key is pressed) through the stack.
(expression) --> 0 = Keyboard scanning OFF.
1 = Keyboard scanning ON.
2 = Return the pressed key code (0 if no key is pressed) through
the stack.The keyboard scanning is enabled if it was OFF.
OPERATOR DISPLAY SELECTION AND INITIALIZATION
DISPLAY (expression)
It inizializes the selected display.Remember that the user must call this new instruction before using
the output ridirection (UO1) instruction.
(expression) --> 0 = FUTABA 20x2
1 = FUTABA 40x1
2 = FUTABA 40x2
3 = FUTABA 40x4
4 = LCD 20x2
5 = LCD 20x4
6 = LCD 40x2
7 = LCD 40x4
82C55 INITIALIZATION FOR CONSOLE REDIRECTION MANAGEMENT
P8255 (expression)
It initializes PPI 82c55 so it can manage a user pannell. It is necessary to call it only once before to
use the other user pannell instruction (KEYB,DISPLAY,UO1).
(expression) --> 0 = PORT in INPUT
1 = PORT in OUTPUT
Basic - 52 Page 15
SFR (SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER) READ/WRITE
RW_SFR (expression1),(expression2),(expression3)
It performs a special function register (SFR) read or write operations.
The user must remember that in "read procedure" the (expression3) parameter must be given even
if it has no meaning. The SFR identification byte is a numeric code, with the following meaning:
SFR NAME SFR CODE SFR NAME SFR CODE

®
for GPC 552,553,554 for GPC® 323,324
CTCON 0 DPL1 0
CTH3 1 DPH1 1
CTH2 2 DPS 2
CTH1 3 CKCON 3
CTH0 4 EXIF 4
CMH2 5 SCON1 5
CMH1 6 SBUF1 6
CMH0 7 TA 7
CTL3 8 WDCON 8
CTL2 9 EIE 9
CTL1 10 EIP 10
CTL0 11
CML2 12
CML1 13
CML0 14
IEN1 15
IP1 16
RTE 17
S1ADR 18
S1DAT 19
S1STA 20
S1CON 21
STE 22
TMH2 23
TML2 24
TM2CON 25
TM2IR 26
T3 27
P4 28
P5 29 (it is read only)
(expression1) --> 0 to 1 = R/W selection byte (0=Reading; 1=Writing).
(expression2) --> 0 to 29 = SFR identification byte.
(expression3) --> 0 to 255 = Byte to write.
Page 16 Basic - 52
REAL TIME CLOCK MANAGEMENT
GES_RTC (expression1),(expression2),(expression3),(expression4),
(expression5),(expression6),(expression7),(expression8)
It initializes the RTC or return date or its time .The user must remember that in read procedure all
parameters must be given even if they have no meaning.
(expr1) --> 0 = Readinf of HOUR,MINUTE,SECOND.
--> 1 = Reading of DAY of WEEK, DAY, MONTH, YEAR.
--> 2 = It inizializes of the RTC.
(expr2) --> Byte to write hours (0 to 23)
(expr3) --> Byte to write minutes (0 to 59)
(expr4) --> Byte to write seconds (0 to 59)
(expr5) --> Byte to write the day of week (0 to 6)
(expr6) --> Byte to write the day of month (1 to 31)
(expr7) --> Byte to write month (1 to 12)
(expr8) --> Byte to write year (0 to 3)
PWM LINES MANAGEMENT
SET_PWM (expression1),(expression2),(expression3)
It generates PWM signals on CPU line.
(expression1) --> PWM line selection
(expression2) --> Frequency
(expression3) --> Duty_Cycle (0 to 100%)
If (expression2) and (expression3) are both set to 0 the PWM line is set and maintened at "0" logic
value.
If (expression2) and (expression3) are both set to 1 the PWM line is set and maintened at "1" logic
value.
Basic - 52 Page 17
Page 18 Basic - 52
APPENDIX A: OPERATOR INTERFACE ELECTRIC DIAGRAM

A B C
I/ O 20 p ins VF D FU TABA LCD 20x2 LCD 20x4

+5V
CN3 CN5 CN6 CN4
RR1
1 PA. 7
7 D7 1 14 14
D7
1
8 D6 3 13 13
PA. 6 D6
5 D5 5 12 12
PA. 5 D5
6 D4 7 11 11
PA. 4 D4
3 D3 9 10 10
PA. 3 D3
4 D2 11 9 9
PA. 2 D2
1 D1 13 8 8
PA. 1 D1
2 D0 15 7 7
PA. 0 D0
+5V
RR2 /SEL E E
13 18 6 6
PC. 2 R/W R/W
16 5 5
PC. 1 RS RS
15 4 4
PC. 0 /WR
14 17
2 PC. 3 /BUSY 2
11 20
PC. 4
TEST 16 3 Contrast 3
+5V
18 2 2
RV1
+5V
17 8 1 1
GN D
+ C5
14
C4 CN1
10
12 16 16 GND 2
+5V 1
C2 R3
C1
+
2
N.C. 19 R1 R5
J1 4
3 N.C. 20
6 15 15 3
+VL ED
R2 R4
+5V CN2
R6
4
12
RR2 F E D C J N
PC. 5 R7
PC. 6 9 3
PC. 7 10 CR 9 6 3 I M External Keyb oa rd
R9 2 4x6
R8 0 8 5 2 H L
1
A 7 4 1 G K
8 7 6 5 9 10
L CD20x2 L CD20x4 F utaba VF D
4 R1= 0Ω N. M. N .M. 4
R2= N .M. N .M. N .M. +5V
R3= 18Ω 12Ω N .M. 2 4 6 8 10 12
R4= 18Ω 12Ω N. M. 14
R5= N .M. N .M. N .M.
R6= 470Ω C3 IC1
R7= 470Ω
R8= 470Ω
7
7407
R9= 470Ω 1 3 5 9 11 13
RR1= 22K Ω 9+1 SIP
RR2= 22K Ω 9+1 SIP
RV1= 10K Ω tri mm er
C1= 100nF D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
C2= 22µF 6,3V T ant alium
C3= 100nF
5 C4= 100nF
C5= 22µF 6,3V T ant alium
5
CN1= 2 pins mi ni m ale connector
CN2= 10 pins mal e st rip
CN3= 20 pins mal e low pr ofi le c connector
Title: KDL/F-2/424 grifo®
CN4= L CD L214 (20x4)
CN5= F ut aba V FD 20x2 Date: 9-12-1998 Rel. 1.2
CN6= L CD L2012 (20x2)
IC 1= 7407
J1= 2 pins fem ale j umper Page : 1 of 1
A B C
FIGURE A-1: KDX X24 ELECTRIC DIAGRAM
Basic 52-Basic xxx Rel.3.00 Page A-1

A B C
I/ O 20 p ins VF D FU TABA LCD 20x2 LCD 20x4
+5V
CN2 CN5 CN6 CN4
RR1
7 D7 1 14 14
PA. 7 D6 SD
8 3 13 13
PA. 6 D5
5 5 12 12
PA. 5 Col.1
1 PA. 4
6 D4 7 11 11
Col.2
1
3 D3 9 10 10
PA. 3 Col.3
4 D2 11 9 9
PA. 2 Col.4
1 D1 13 8 8
PA. 1 Col.5
2 D0 15 7 7
PA. 0 Col.6
+5V
RR2 /SEL E E
13 18 6 6
PC. 2 /WR R/W R/W
16 17 5 5
PC. 1 RS RS
15 4 4
PC. 0
14
PC. 3 CLK
11 /BUSY 20
PC. 4
TEST 16 3 Contrast 3
+5V
2 18
J1
2 2
RV1 2
+5V
17 8 1 1
GN D
C12
+ 14
C13
10
12 16 16
15 15
+VLED
C9 C10
+
2
N.C. 19 R7 R5
4
N.C. 20
6
11 R6
PC. 4
3 +5V
CN3 3
R8 10
12 7 Enter 6 L H D
PC. 5 R9
PC. 6 9 9
PC. 7 10 Esc 0 4 K G C Q TP 24 keyb oa rd
R10 8 4x6
RR2 R11 5 9 3 J F B
7
1 8 2 I E A
J2 6 5 4 3 2 1
Metal Panel
+5V
8 6 10 4 12 2
4 14 4
C3 IC3
7
7407
9 5 11 3 13 1
Col.6 Col.5 Col.4 Col3 Col.2 Col.1

LD1
LD2
LD3
5 QTP 24
LD4
5
LD5 LD6 LD7 LD8
A B C D 1 2 3 4 Title: QTP 24P grifo®

LD9 LD10 LD11 LD12
E F G H 5 6 7 8
Date: 22-07-1998 Rel. 1.2
LD13 LD14 LD15 LD16
I J K L ESC 9 0 ENTER
Page : 1 of 2
A B C
FIGURE A-2: QTP 24P ELECTRIC DIAGRAM PART 1
Page A-2 Basic 52-Basic xxx Rel.3.00

A B C
+5V CN1
IC1 3
+ C7 + C8
C5 SWITCHING
C11 PD1
1 IC2 + + 1
REGOLATOR
M5480
17 8÷24Vac
18
4
19
20
21
22
23 LD16
24
LD15
2 25 2
+5V
LD14
26
14
R1 LD13
27
C4 13 LD12
28
C2 LD11
2
+5V
1
LD10 D4 D3
3 3 3
+5V
LD9
4
R4 R3
LD8
5
CLK LD7
15
6
LD6
7
SD
16
LD5
4 8 4
LD4
9
LD3
10
LD2
11
LD1
12
5 5
Title: QTP 24P grifo®

Date: 22-07-1998 Rel. 1.2
Page : 2 of 2
A B C
FIGURE A-3: QTP 24P ELECTRIC DIAGRAM PART 2

A B C
S tand ard I/ O 20 p in co nnector DISPLAY 2x20 DISPLAY 4x20
+5V
CN4 CN1 CN2
RR1
7 D7 14 14
PA. 7 D6
8 13 13
PA. 6 D5
5 12 12
1 PA. 5
6 D4 11 11
1
PA. 4 D3
3 10 10
PA. 3 D3
4 D2 9 9
PA. 2 D2
1 D1 8 8
PA. 1 D1
2 D0 7 7
PA. 0 D0
+5V
RR2
13 E 6 E 6
PC. 2 R/W R/W
16 5 5
PC. 1 RS
15 4 RS 4
PC. 0
14
PC. 3
+5V 3 Contrast 3 RV1
J1
2 +5V
18 2 2
+5V
2
17 1 1
GN D
C2 C1 R1
16 16 R3
15 15
R2
K eybo ard co nnector Ma trix
+5V
K eybo ard
RR2 R7 4x4
11 4
PC. 4
12 D C B A
PC. 5 R6
3 PC. 6 9 3 1 2 3 A 5 3
PC. 7 10 # 9 6 3
R5 3 4 5 6 B 6
N.C. 19 0 8 5 2 7 8 9 C 7
N.C. 20 R4 2
* 0 # D 8
7 4 1
* 12 3 4
DC Po wer s upp ly 8 7 6 5
1
CN3 12345678
A
+5V
2 4 6 8 10 12
2 14
B
C5
4
CN5 7
SN7407 4
1 3 5 9 11 13
3
D0 D1 D2. D3
PD1
~ +5V
A
- +
SWITCHING
L1
~ C3 C4 C6 C9 C8 C7
4
+ + +
REGOLATOR
TZ1
O PTION AL B
5 5
AC Power sup ply
Title: QTP 16P grifo®
Date: 22-07-98 Rel. 1.2
Page : 1 of 1
A B C
FIGURE A-4: QTP 16P ELECTRIC DIAGRAM

A B C D
Po wer s upp ly
100nF
100nF
100nF
100nF
+5V +5V
4
+Vcc 26 1 +5v b 6 /RES
1 22µF 5 1
+
1N4148
74HCT00
10K
10K
25 Gnd
Gnd
1
a 3 RES
22µF +
+5V +5V
74LS688 Dip Switch 2
10K 10K
16 BA7 17 18 6 74HCT00
A7 BA6 P7 Q7
15 15 16 5
A6 BA5 P6 Q6
14 13 14 4
A5 BA4 P5 Q5 /RST 2 1
13 11 12 3
A4 BA3 P4 Q4 S tand ard I/ O
12 8 9 2
A3 BA2 P3 Q3 20 pin connecto r
11 6 7 1
2 A2 P2 Q2 2
4 5
P1 Q1
2 3
+5V
P0 Q0 +5V
+5V
10K
10K
18
/BIRQ +5V
19 1 19 /CS
/IRQ /G /P=Q
100nF
+5V 22µF +
100nF
17
GN D
23 N.C. 19 N.C.
/INT
24 N.C. 20 N.C.
/NMI 26 Vcc
21 N.C.
/CS1
22 N.C. 37 7
/CS2 PA7 PA. 7
RES 35 38 8
RESET PA6 PA. 6
39 5
3 PA5 PA. 5 3
+5V +5V 40 6
10K 74LS245 10K PA4 PA. 4
/CS 6 1 3
BD7 /CS PA3 PA. 3
8 9 11 D7 2 4
D7 BD6 A8 B8 PA2 PA. 2
7 8 12 D6 3 1
6 7 13 D5 4 2
5 6 14 D4
D4 BD3 A5 B5
D3
4 5
A4 B4
15 D3 82c55
3 BD2 4 16 D2 10 10
D2 A3 B3 36 PC7 PC. 7
2 BD1 3 17 D1 /WR /WR 11 9
D1 A2 B2 PC6 PC. 6
1 BD0 2 18 D0 12 12
D0 A1 B1 5 PC5 PC. 5
/RD /RD 13 11
1 PC4 PC. 4
19 DIR PC3
17 14 PC. 3
/CS /G 16 13
PC2 PC. 2
15 16 PC. 1
PC1
14 15 PC. 0
4 +5V +5V
PC0 4
74LS541
10K 10K A1 8
10 BA1 9 11 A1 A1
A1 A8 Y8 A0 9
9 BA0 8 12 A0 A0
A0 A7 Y7
17 /BWR 7 13
/WR A6 Y6 /WR
18 /BRD 6 14 S tand ard I/ O
/RD A5 Y5 /RD
20 /BRST 5 15 20 pin connecto r
/RST A4 Y4 /RST D7 27
4 16 D7
3 A3 Y3 17
D6 28
D6
2 A2 Y2 18
D5 29
D5 25 7
AB ACO® I/O B US A1 Y1 D4 30 PB7 PB .7
D4 24 8 PB .6
26 pin connecto r 19 D3 31 PB6
1 /G2 D2 32
D3
PB5
23 5 PB .5
/G1 D1 33
D2
PB4
22 6 PB .4
D1 21 3 PB .3
D0 34 PB3
D0 20 4 PB .2
5 PB2 5
19 1 PB .1
PB1
7 Gnd 18 2 PB .0
PB0
+5V
40 pin Dip 18 +5V

9
c 8
10 74HCT00 22µF +
17 GN D
100nF
+5V
12
d 11 74HCT00
13
6 6
Title: PPI example grifo®

Date: 16/11/1998 Rel. 1.1
Page : 1 of 1
A B C D
FIGURE A-5: PPI 82C55 ELECTRIC DIAGRAM


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BASIC 52

8052 MICROCONTROLLER BASIC

Via dell' Artigiano, 8/6

MCS BASIC 52 is a powerfull software tool , capable of managing a

Via dell' Artigiano, 8/6

8052 MICROCONTROLLER BASIC

In the manual could appear the following symbols:

Attention: Generic danger

Attention: High voltage

BASIC 52 MODIFICATIONS FOR GRIFO®'S CARDS ....................................................... 12

QUICK REFERENCE TO MCS BASIC 52

The reference uses the following typographic conventions:

KEYWORDS (boldface uppercase)

[optional items] (enclosed in square brackets)

repeating elements... (followed by ellipsis (three dots))

variable = expression C,R

expression = expression C,R

expression + expression C,R

expression - expression C,R

expression * expression C,R

expression ** expression C,R

expression <> expression C,R

expression < expression C,R

expression > expression C,R

expression <= expression C,R

expression >= expression C,R

ABS (expression) C,R

expression .AND. expression C,R

BAUD expression C,R

CALL integer C,R

DATA expression [,...,expression] R

DIM array name [(size)] [,...array name(size)] C,R

DO: [program statements]: UNTIL relational expression R

DO: [program statements]: WHILE relational expression R

EXP (expression) C,R

FOR counter variable = start-count expression C,R

GOSUB line number R

GOTO line number C,R

INPUT [“Prompt message”][,] variable [,variable] [,...variable] R

LD@ expression C,R

[LET] variable = expression C,R

LIST[line number][-line number] C,R

LIST# [line number][-line number] C,R

LIST@ [line number][-line number] C,R

MTOP [=highest address in RAM program space] C,R

NOT (expression) C,R

ON expression GOSUB line number [,line number] [,...,line number] R

ON expression GOTO line number [,line number] [,...,line number] R

ONERR line number R

ONEX1 line number R

ONTIME number of seconds, line number R

expression .OR. expression C,R

POP variable [,...variable] C,R

PRINT [expression] [,...expression] [,] C,R

PUSH expression [,...expression] C,R

PWM expression1, expression2, expression3 C,R

READ variable [,...,variable] R

ROM [program number] C

RROM [program number] C,R

SGN (expression) C,R

ST@ expression C,R

STRING expressions, expression2 C,R