Sewage Treatment Plant

Kanech Village, Near Ludhiana

Dr. Akepati S. Reddy

Thapar University
Patiala (PUNJAB) – 147 004

1. Introduction
Four sewage treatment plants (STPs) have been planned for the Kanech village
within the premises of the four village ponds for treating the village sewage
collected and conveyed to the sites. Treated effluent from the STPs will be held in
the village ponds and used for irrigating the nearby agricultural land, and only the
excess treated effluent will be drained out for disposal through a overflow drain.
Sewage treatment in the proposed STPs is to ensure meeting the prescribed
effluent standards and satisfying the water quality criteria for irrigational use.

Sewage for the treatment of which the STPs have been designed is assumed to
have the characteristics given in table-1. Sewage flow rates for which the STPs are
designed and present sewage flow rates for each of the four STPs are given in table-
2.
Table-1: Characteristics of the raw sewage considered in the STPs design

S.N Parameter Value

o.
1. Winter min. temp. 15
(°C)
2. Summer min. temp. 35
(°C)
3. TSS (mg/L) 300
4. VSS (as % of TSS) 65
5. VSSbd. (as % VSS) 80
6. BOD5 at 20°C (mg/L) 250
7. COD (mg/L) 450
8. MPN (/100 mL) 1x108
9. TKN (mg/L) 35
10. Total-P (mg/L) 1-7
11. Alkalinity (mg/L) 200
Table-2: Raw sewage flow rates considered in the STPs design

Pond- Pond Pond Pond-

1 -2 -3 4
Population equivalents 913 1590 1472 285
(present)
Population equivalents 1876 3198 2838 659
(future/design)
Present flow rate (m3/day) 105 181 169 33
Future (design) flow rate 216 367 326 76
(m3/day)
Peaking factor considered 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4
Treated effluent from the STPs will be consistently complying with the quality
parameter values indicated in table-3.
Table-3: Quality parameters to be complied with by the treated effluent

S.N Parameter Value

o.
3. TSS (mg/L) <50
6. BOD5 (soluble) at 20°C <10
(mg/L)
BOD5 (total) at 20°C <30
(mg/L)
7. COD (mg/L) <150
8. MPN (/100 mL) 1x103 -
1x104
9. Total Nitrogen (mg/L) <20
2. Scheme of treatment
Schematic process flow diagram of the sewage treatment plant is given in Figure-1.

Raw Manhole Sump w

sewage with screen degritt

Screenings Dredge
out gr
The Sewage treatment plant (STP) will include the following units:

• Manhole with bar screen

• Raw sewage sump
• Raw sewage pumps and necessary piping (with draft tube on suction side to
avoid grit pumping)
• 2-stage Baffled Anaerobic Reactor
• Facultative pond with diffused aeration laminar inversion modification (part of
the existing village pond)
• Multistage roughing filter (4 stages)
• Maturation pond (existing village pond)
2.1 The treatment process

Raw sewage will be collected under gravity into the underground raw sewage sump
after allowing to pass through a bar screen. The bar screen, through removing
coarse solids from the sewage, helps in protecting the raw sewage pumps. The raw
sewage sump, through temporarily holding the incoming sewage, facilitates both
pumping of the sewage through the STP and dampening the flow variations in the
received sewage (peaking factor is 2.4). With the help of the raw sewage pumps,
the sewage collected in the sump is pumped and passed through the STP. Through
using a properly designed draft tube, on the suction side of the raw sewage pumps,
grit will not be allowed to go beyond the raw sewage sump.

The pumped raw sewage is passed through the two-stage baffled anaerobic reactor
for the removal and stabilization of the suspended solids load of the sewage. Even
the soluble and colloidal organic matter of the loaded sewage will be anaerobically
biooxidized in this reactor. Anaerobic stabilization of the solids and anaerobic
oxidation of the biodegradable organic matter in this reactor results in the
production of biogas that will be collected and made available for use as fuel. BOD
and TSS of the sewage will be removed by >70% and >80% respectively. Coliform
count may also be reduced by >0.3 log units. Further, >25% of the TKN of the
sewage may be lost in the stabilized sludge. Stabilized solids accumulating in the
baffled anaerobic reactor will be dredged out as and when its volume crosses 25%
of the reactor volume. The dredged out sludge will be dewatered and dried in
sludge drying beds and disposed off by using as soil conditioner in the agricultural
fields.

Treated effluent coming out from the 2-stage baffled anaerobic reactor will be
allowed to flow into the facultative pond with diffused aeration inversion
modification for further treatment. Use of the diffused aeration inversion
modification will enhance the pond’s capacity to remove the loaded BOD and
reduce the required pond area to <67% of actually required but at the minor
expense of electrical power. The facultative pond will remove BOD of the effluent by
as high as 70%. But, escape of algal cells (TSS!) into the treated effluent results in
significant compromise on the BOD removal efficiency. Further, TKN and coliform
count of the effluent may be reduced by 30% and 0.7-1.0 log units respectively.
Due to the algal cells, TSS of the effluent may remain unaffected, but can be
maintained <50 mg/L by taking off the effluent subsurface to the algal band of the
pond.

Treated effluent coming out from the facultative pond will be passed through the (4-
stage) multistage roughing filter for removing the washed out algal cells and other
suspended solids prior to allowing into the maturation pond. Effluent coming out
from the roughing filter will have <10 mg/L suspended solids and <20 mg/L of BOD.
Further, both nitrogen concentration and coliform count may be significantly
reduced in the multistage filter.

In the maturation pond BOD may not be significantly removed but nutrients and
coliform count will be brought down significantly. Extent of coliform count reduction
will depend on the HRT available in the maturation pond. The reduction will be
>0.5, >0.80, >1.00 log units for 2, 5 and 10 day HRTs respectively in the
maturation pond. Effluent in the maturation pond will be fit for stocking fish and for
use for irrigation. TSS will be <50 and depends on the algal growth. Stocking the
pond with fish can control the algal growth and the TSS in the effluent.
1. Design details of the STPs

3.1 Manhole with bar screen

Manhole with a bar screen will be the first unit of the STP in all the four cases.
Sewer bringing the raw sewage will open into a rectangular channel provided at the
bottom of the manhole. On this rectangular channel a manually cleaned bar screen
will be provided. Bars of the screen are provided in such a way that they are
inclined from front and completely covering the channel on the downstream side.
That is, no sewage can enter the raw sewage sump without being screened through.
The channel housing the screen is sloped towards the raw sewage sump and opens
into the sump for allowing the screened sewage into the sump. On either side of the
channel, a platform of sufficient width and sloping towards the channel is provided
so as the person cleaning the screen or maintaining it can stand and work. Design
details (dimensional and capacity details) of the manhole with manually cleaned bar
screen are given in table-4.
Table-4: Design details of the manholes with manually cleaned bar screen

Compone Detail Dimensions and/or capacity

nt details
STP-A STP-B STP-C STP-D
Manhole Length 1200 1300 1200 1100
Width 1000 1000 1000 1000
Depth of the manhole (to invert 3260 3380 5520 2430
level of the approach channel) (m) (93.93 (93.65 (92.15 (94.78 -
from ground level - - - 97.21)
97.19) 97.03) 97.67)
Width of platform width on either 440 425 425 450
side of approach channel
Approach Width 120 150 150 100
channel Depth 350 350 350 300
Slope/gradient 1 in 1 in 1 in 1 in 80
100 100 100
Drop at the inlet 150 150 150 100
Drop at the screen 100 100 100 100
Bar rack L shaped bar screen with 110 included angle and horizontal and vertical
ends for grouting
Length of inclined portion 452 452 452 388
Length of horizontal portion 286 286 286 246
Grouted ends length 50+50 50+50 50+50 50+50
Inclination angle of the screen 70 70 70 70
(from horizontal)
Number of bars 9 11 11 8
Bars thickness and depth 6 & 50 6 & 50 6 & 50 6 & 50
Number of spacer bars (one each 4 4 4 4
for the grouted ends and one each
at the mid length both horizontal
and vertical portions)
Spacer bar: Length (one inch 220 250 250 200
angled steel bar is to be used)
 1. Channel is supposed to be blind at the inlet end and the inlet sewer will be
gradually shaped into rectangular channel and merged with the approach
channel.
2. Working platforms on either side will be sloping towards the approach
channel.
3. Ends of the bars and spacer bars, and also the two end bars are to be
grouted into the bottom, walls and the side platforms.
4. The manhole will have steps to access the screen and for the frequent
removal of screenings.
5. A screen rake may be provided for manually cleaning the screen.

3.2 Raw Sewage Sump and raw sewage pumps

The raw sewage sump will have 1.5 hours average flow storage capacity, and it will
be structurally integrated with the baffled anaerobic reactor. That is, its width will
be equal to that of the baffled anaerobic reactor. Bottom of this sump will be sloped
towards a central pit where all the grit is supposed to accumulate. The sump is
covered by a concrete slab but have a manhole for access to the inside. Stairs/steps
will be provided for people to access the bottom of the sump. Raw sewage pumps
will be installed over the concrete slab of the sump.

Two pumps, each of 1.5 times the average sewage flow pumping capacity, will be
used for pumping the sewage from the sump and loading the baffled anaerobic
reactor. The pumps will be connected to emergency power supply source in order to
ensure that the pumping of sewage from the sump and loading to the 2-stage
baffled anaerobic reactor is not affected by frequent and extended power failures.
The raw sewage pumps will be operated on the basis of the level sensors used in
the raw sewage sump. Whenever the sewage level in the sump crosses a set value,
pumping will be started and stopped when the level drops into the hopper bottom.

For avoiding picking up of grit by the pump, a draft tube of desired diameter will be
used upto the height of the maximum liquid level in the sump. This draft tube will
start almost at the bottom in order to lift all the suspended solids as they settle
down. Flow velocity in the draft will be maintained below a designed value in order
to avoid pumping of grit into the down stream units. For regulating the pumping
rate of sewage discharge piping will have regulatory valve. Grit accumulated in the
sump will be frequently removed with the help of a dredging pump. The same
dredging pump will also be used for the removal of stabilized sludge from the
baffled anaerobic reactor and also from the multistage roughing filter.

Design details (geometrical shapes, dimensions and capacities) of the raw sewage
sump and raw sewage pumps are given in table-5.
Table-5: Design details of Raw sewage sump and Raw sewage pumps

Facility Details STP-A STP-B STP-C STP-D

Raw sewage Width 1350 1550 1500 1250
sump Length (same as of Baffled 7350 9600 9050 3100
Anaerobic Reactor)
Depth (of side wall) 4810 5130 7170 3790
(97.19) (97.03) (97.67) (97.2
1)
Depth from the invert level 1450 1650 1550 1350
of inlet
Bottom slope towards 1 in 12 1 in 12 1 in 12 1 in
suction pit 10
Suction pit in Diameter 700 850 800 480
the sump Depth of the pit 300 300 300 300
Raw sewage Pumping rate (m3/hr.) 13.5 23 20 5
pumps Head of the pump required >8 >8.5 >10.5 >7
(m)
Diameter of the draft tube 500 650 600 300
Height of the draft tube 1250 1450 1350 1150
Diameter of the suction 75 100 100 50
piping

1. Head of the raw sewage pump required will be decided on the basis of the
hydraulic design of the STP and the invert level of the inlet sewer.
2. Length of the sump is taken as equal to the length of the baffled anaerobic
reactor in order to ensure that the sump can be constructed as an integral
part of the baffled anaerobic reactor.
3. Non-clog self priming pumps are supposed to be used in duplicate (one
working and the other standby). The pumps are supposed to be operated on
liquid level sensors in the sump.
4. The sump may be covered by a concrete slab and may have a manhole for
access and steps to reach the sump bottom if needed. The concrete slab may
support the raw sewage pumps.
5. The draft tube may start just above the hopper bottom of the sump.
3.3 Baffled anaerobic reactor

Two stage baffled anaerobic reactor will be used. The reactor will have an effluent
zone of 4.0 m depth and a biogas storage zone (over the effluent zone) of 0.6 m
depth. The biogas zones of both the stages are interconnected. The first stage will
have a biogas outlet for extracting the generated biogas stored in the biogas zone.
Each stage will include one or more same size squarish parallel units of <25 m2
area. Individual units of a stage will not be physically separated, but will have
independent inlet and outlet. Each unit will have a hopper bottom formed by
providing a bottom slope of 1 in 10 or 12.

Average wastewater loading rate to each of the stages of the baffled anaerobic
reactor will be 8 m3/m2/day. Each unit of a stage will receive the wastewater at just
above the hopper bottom through a central inlet. In order to avoid entrainment of
air, flow velocity in the inlet will be maintained <0.2 m/sec. The inlet at the
discharge end will have a nozzle (to deliver the wastewater at >0.4 m/sec. velocity)
for ensuring re-suspension of the settled bio-solids at the bottom of the reactor. For
ensuring uniform loading of wastewater to all the units of a stage, depending on the
need, a division box will be provided on the upstream side of the inlet. Vertical
portion of the inlet will be extended beyond the biogas zone and kept capped. As
and when required this vertical inlet will be used for dredging out the sludge
accumulating in the reactor with the help of a dredging pump.

Treated effluent will be collected at 0.4 m depth from the liquid surface by two
outlets located at 0.375 times width distance from the center from each of the
squarish units. Extraction end of the outlet will be fitted with an elbow in order to
ensure entry of the wastewater only from the above. Further, the extraction end will
be provided with a cap at about 100 mm height so as the wastewater will enter
from sides and no settleable solids will enter the outlet. Discharge end of the outlet
of the second stage will be upturned and raised in order to allow overflow discharge
of the wastewater and the wastewater level in both the stages of the baffled
anaerobic reactor will be maintained at the desired level despite the subsurface
extraction of the wastewater. The discharge end of the stage-2 of the baffled
anaerobic reactor will be connected to the inlet of the facultative pond through an
inverted ‘U’ bend section. On this bend a capped inverted T joint with 10-20 mm
size perforations will be provided for breaking the possible siphon formation. Please
see figure-2 for details on the baffled anaerobic reactor.

Design and dimensional details of the 2-stage baffled anaerobic reactors for the four
STPs are given in table-6.
 Wastewater inlet
Biogas zone

Effluent zone

Extraction end
of the outlet
Table-6: Design and dimensional details of the Baffled anaerobic reactor

Component Detail STP-A STP-B STP-C STP-D

Reactor Number of stages 2 2 2 2
Number of square units 2 2 2 1
Length 7334 9570 9024 3074
Width 3667 4785 4512 3074
Height 4600 4600 4600 4600
Bottom slope of the square unit 1 in 10 1 in 10 1 in 10 1 in 10
Sewage Number of distribution lines per 1 1 1 1
distribution square unit
line Internal diameter 150 150 150 100
Distribution line nozzle diameter 75 100 75 50
Effluent Depth opening at collection end 400 400 400 400
collection (mm below the effluent depth)
line for overflow collection in stage-1
Number of collection points per 2 2 2 2
square unit
Internal diameter of the 150 150 150 100
collection piping
Overflow level of the discharge 1000 1000 1000 1000
end of the outlet of the stage-2
from the maximum water level
in the maturation pond

1. The distribution line may open above the baffled anaerobic reactor and may
be capped. As and when required the cap may be removed and the
distribution line may be used for dredging out the sludge accumulated inside
with the help of a dredging pump.
2. All units and stages may be connected in the head space zone meant for
biogas collection and an outlet with necessary control valve may be provided
for withdrawing the biogas generated either for use as fuel or for flaring and
disposing off.
3. Sewage distribution and discharge of the effluent from both the stages may
be done in such a way that the effluent level in the reactor is maintained four
meters and no biogas escapes through these pipings.
4. Frequency of desludging can be 20-30 days once and each time 0.3 to 0.35 m
depth sludge may be dredged out.
 5. For the dewatering and drying of the dredged out sludge, area of the sludge
drying beds required will 1.3 times the area of the stage-1 of baffled
anaerobic reactor.

3.4 Facultative pond with diffused aeration inversion

modification

The facultative pond may be created from within the village pond. Water level in
this pond will be >0.7 m more than the maximum water level in the village pond.
Depth of the pond will thus be greater than that of the village pond and is assumed
to have 2.5 m depth. The facultative pond will be provided with 0.3 m freeboard.
Aspect ratio (length to width ratio) of this pond will be 10. Maximum level of the
wastewater in the facultative pond will be >0.2 m below the maximum wastewater
level in the baffled anaerobic reactor.

Inlet and outlet will be in the middle on the width side so that the incoming
wastewater will flow all along the length of the pond and come out through the
outlet. At the inlet end a scum box may be provided in order to avoid spreading
scum if coming from the baffled anaerobic reactor across the pond and also to avoid
hydraulic short circuiting. At the inlet the wastewater will be delivered at 0.3 to 0.6
depth and a distribution baffle provided as part of the scum box will ensure width
wise distribution of the loaded wastewater. The inlet pipe will be sufficiently sloped
towards the facultative pond in order to avoid accumulation of sludge and clogging.
Treated effluent will be extracted at 0.75 meter and allowed to flow into the next
unit (multistage roughing filter) for further treatment.

The pond will be provided with a diffused aeration system which will be operated
during nights for 8 to 10 hours. Purpose of this is to ensure better and higher rates
of surface reaeration during nights when the algae instead of contributing will be
consuming oxygen from pond water column. Diffused air will also directly supply
some oxygen to the pond. Further, because of the improved aerobic conditions, one
can expect healthy algal growth and more oxygen supply during daytime. All these
will facilitate enhancing surface loading of organic matter to the pond and as
consequence the pond area required will be significantly reduced (by >33%).

Design, dimensional and capacity details of the facultative pond are given in table-
7.
Table-7: design and dimensional details of the Facultative pond with
diffused aeration inversion modification

Compone Detail STP-A STP-B STP-c STP-D

nt
Pond Length (m) 75 97 92 44
Width (m) 7.5 10 9.5 4.5
Depth (m) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Free board (m) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Area (m2) 554 943 839 195
Inlets Number of inlets 1 1 1 1
Diameter of the inlet pipe (m) 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.1
Distance to inlet from the banks (m) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Depth of delivery from surface (m) 0.3- 0.3 – 0.3 – 0.3 –
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Distribution baffle length (m) 4 4 4 4
Distance to distribution baffle from the 2 2 2 2
inlet (m)
Submergence depth of distribution 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
baffle (m)
Emergent portion height of distribution 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
baffle (m)
Submergence depth of other baffles 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
(m)
Emergent portion height of other 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
baffles (m)
Outlets Number of outlets 1 1 1 1
Diameter of the outlet (m) 0.15 0.200 0.200 0.1
Submergence depth of outlet (m) 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Diffused Air requirement (Nm3/hr) 17 29 26 6
aeration Number of disc diffusers needed 4 6 6 2
system
Power required by blowers (kW) ~0.25 <0.5 <0.5 <0.125

1. Inlet of the facultative pond will be sufficiently sloped towards the pond in
order to avoid sludge settling inside the inlet and subsequent clogging.
2. Outlet of the baffled anaerobic reactor will be connected with the inlet of the
facultative pond through an inverted ‘U’ bend section. On this bend a capped
 inverted T joint with 10-20 mm size perforations will be provided for breaking
the possible siphon formation.
3. Outlet will open at 0.75 m depth and one meter distance from the outlet end
into the pond for wastewater extraction. Over the outlet at 0.1 m distance a
cover plate will be provided to avoid settling of material and to break the
vortex if formed.
4. A regulatory valve may be provided on the outlet piping of the facultative
pond in order to facilitate isolation of the multistage roughing filter for the
dredging removal of the accumulated bottom sludge (backwashing!)
5. Diffusers will be provided at 1/3 rd length of the pond at equidistance across
the pond and route blowers will be used to supply the air.
3.5 Multistage (4-stage) Roughing Filter

Effluent from the facultative pond will be passed through a multistage filter in order
to remove suspended solids including the algal cells. Effluent passing through the
multistage filter will also result in the denitrification removal of specially nitrate
nitrogen, the removal of significant fraction of the soluble BOD and in the reduction
of coliform count. But the extent of removals, however, are not clearly known and
not estimated.

The multistage roughing filter will be provided in the dividing wall between the
facultative pond and the maturation pond. This filter will have four stages and the
wastewater will flow upwards through the filter bed. Each of the filter stages will be
square shaped and will have a hopper bottom. The multistage roughing filter will be
covered from the top by a concrete slab for preventing algal growth in the filter.
Each of the filter stages will be provided with a manhole for facilitating occasional
maintenance.

Each of the stages will have a 1.2 m thick graded gravel layer, a bottom sludge
storage space and a top filtered water storage reservoir. Size of the gravel used will
be decreased from stage-1 to stage-4. Profile of the graded gravel bed in the four
stages of roughing filter is shown in table-8. The graded gravel bed will be
supported on an under-drain system of slotted concrete slabs supported on
concrete ribs. Details on the slotted concrete slabs and the concrete ribs are given
in table-9.

A central vertical inlet pipe, capped at the top and connected to the outlet of the
previous unit (previous stage of filter or the facultative), will be used to deliver the
influent wastewater below the graded gravel bed layer. The first stage filter will
receive the wastewater from the outlet of the facultative pond. Wastewater
withdrawn from the facultative pond at 0.75 m depth will be directly conveyed into
the central vertical inlet pipe of the first stage filter. Form the filtered water
reservoir of one stage of filter, water is extracted subsurface and loaded as influent
into the central vertical inlet pipe of the next stage filter. Form the last stage filter,
filtered water is discharged into the maturation pond through an outlet pipe. Invert
level of this pipe will coincide with the water level to be maintained in the last stage
filter. Water level in the last stage of the filter will be 0.5 m below the water level in
the facultative pond. Please see figure-3 for details.

Wastewater when filtered through the graded gravel beds, suspended solids get
removed and accumulate in the bottom hopper portion of the filter stages as
sludge. When water level difference between the 4 th stage filter and the facultative
pond increases to >0.5 m, wastewater inlet to the first stage of the filter will be
closed and the sludge accumulated in the bottom hopper portions of filter stages
will be dredging out with the help of a dredge pump through the central vertical
inlet pipes.

Design, dimensional and capacity details of the multistage (4-stage) filter are given
in table-10.
Table-8: Profile of the graded gravel used in the multistage roughing filter

Stage-1 Stage-2 Stage-3 Stage-4

Layer Size Layer Size Layer Size Layer Size in
thickness in thickness in thickness in thickness mm
in mm mm in mm mm in mm mm in mm
200 20-40 200 20-40 200 20-40
16- 150 16-8.0
150
8.0
1200 20-40 16- 100 3.5-
1000
8.0 3.5- 7.0
850
7.0 750 1.5-
3.0
Table-9: Under-drain system of slotted concrete slabs and ribs

Compone Detail Size

nt
Slotted Length of the slab 500
concrete Width of the slab 500
slabs
Thickness of the slab Decided on the basis of
load
Slot length 400
Slot width 10
Center to center distance 20
between the slots
Concrete Length Equal to the side wall
ribs Width 100
Depth Decided on the basis of
load
Center to center distance 500
between the ribs
 Cap

250

750

100
Inlet
120

200
plv
ic C
n
e
tra

200
Table-10: Multistage (4 stage) Roughing Filters

Componen Detail STP-A STP-B STP-C STP-D

t
Graded Number of stages 4 4 4 4
gravel filter Width/length/side of the 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.0
retaining stage
structure
Slope of the hopper bottom 1 in 10 1 in 10 1 in 10 1 in 10
Depth of the filter above 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6
the hopper bottom
Under drain slabs and ribs 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gap above the hopper 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
bottom and the underdrain
ribs
Thickness of the graded 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
gravel bed
Filtered water reservoir 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
over the gravel bed
Free board 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Inlet piping diameter 0.15 0.2 0.2 0.1
Outlet piping diameter 0.15 0.2 0.2 0.1

1. Water level in the 4th stage of the multistage filter will be 0.5 m below the
maximum water level expected in the facultative pond.
2. The inlet carrying effluent from the facultative pond into the 1st stage of the
filter will have a regulatory valve for facilitating isolation and
washing/cleaning of the multistage filter.
3. A central vertical pipe capped at the top and opening at the bottom just
below the concrete ribs will act as an inlet in each of the stages of the filter.
This same inlet piping will also be used for the washing and cleaning of the
filter through opening the cap and occasional dredging out of the sludge
accumulated within.
4. Out let will be provided 150 mm above the gravel bed in the first three stages
and 300 mm above the gravel bed in the 4th stage filter.
5. Outlet one stage of the filter will be connected to the inlet of the next stage
filter by horizontal piping of same size. Outlet of the last stage filter will
discharge the filtered water into the maturation pond/the village pond.
6. All the stages of the filter will be covered by dark sheet or slab in order to
avoid direct solar radiation that can encourage algal growth in the multistage
filter.
3.6 Maturation pond

Existing village pond will be used as the maturation pond. This pond will work more
like a treated effluent retention tank. coliform count and nitrogen level of the
wastewater will be significantly reduced and the effluent will be fit for unrestricted
irrigational use. Maximum water level in this pond will be 200 mm below the invert
level of the outlet of the 4th stage filter of the multistage roughing filter. For
minimizing the risk of rooted aquatic macrophyte growth the pond depth will be
maintained >1.0 m everywhere. Banks of the pond may be stone pitched. For
minimizing the bank erosion and storm water run on, a strip of preferably 3-rows of
Vettivar grass may be grown on the banks. Further, top of the banks may be slightly
sloped down outwards. An overflow drain will be provided on the maturation pond
for disposing off the excess effluent and maintain the pond water level always
below the desired level. The maturation pond may be stocked with fish for
controlling the algal growth. Effluent held in the maturation pond may be reused
specially for the irrigation of agricultural land through pumping out.
3.7 Portable sludge dredging pump and piping

A portable dredging pump with necessary piping will be maintained for facilitating
occasional dredging of the following:

1. raw sewage sump of the grit accumulated

2. baffled anaerobic reactor of the accumulated stabilized sludge
3. multistage (4-stage) roughing filter of the accumulated sludge in the hopper
bottom.

The dredged out sludge will be disposed off through application on agricultural land
(land farming).
4. Hydraulic design of the STPs
Maximum water level in the existing village ponds and the invert level of the
incoming sewer of the STP in question will be used as reference levels in the
hydraulic design. Incoming sewer invert level, ground level of the site and the
maximum water level in the village pond (maturation pond) for all the four STPs are
given in table-11. Elevation details of the key points of the STP are indicated in
table-12.
Table-11: Reference levels for the STPs for the hydraulic design

Pond- Pond- Pond- Pond-

1 2 3 4
Sewer invert 94.08 93.80 92.30 94.88
level
Ground level 97.19 97.03 97.67 97.21
Table-12: Elevation details of key locations of the STPs

Level
Detail/description
STP-A STP-B STP-C STP-D
Ground level 97.19 97.03 97.67 97.21
Invert level of the inlet sewer 94.08 93.80 92.30 94.88
Invert level of the approach 93.93 93.65 92.15 94.78
channel to the bar screen
Invert level of the channel 93.82 93.54 92.04 94.66
leaving the bar screen and
entering the sump
Invert level of the raw sewage 92.5 or 91.5 or 90.5 or 93.0 or
sump (at the side wall) (X - 3.0) (X - 3.0) (X - 3.0) (X - 3.0)
whicheve whichev whichev whichev
r is lower er is er is er is
lower lower lower
Raw sewage pumps discharge >X+1.7 >X+1.7 >X+1.7 >X+1.7
level
Static head of the raw sewage ≥ 4.7 ≥ 4.7 ≥ 4.7 ≥ 4.7
pumps
Invert level of the baffled 92.5 or 91.5 or 90.5 or 93.0 or
anaerobic reactor (at side wall) (X - 3.0) (X - 3.0) (X - 3.0) (X - 3.0)
whicheve whichev whichev whichev
r is lower er is er is er is
lower lower lower
Overflow level of the outlet from X+1.0 X+1.0 X+1.0 X+1.0
the 2nd stage of the baffled
anaerobic reactor
Invert level of the facultative X-1.8 X-1.8 X-1.8 X-1.8
pond
Maximum effluent level of the X+0.7 X+0.7 X+0.7 X+0.7
facultative pond
Outlet invert level for the 4th X+0.2 X+0.2 X+0.2 X+0.2
stage of the multistage filter
Overflow drain invert level of the X X X X
maturation pond (village pond)
Note:- In this table ‘X’ refers to the invert level of overflow drain of the maturation
pond.
5. Anticipated performance of the STPs
Anticipated performance of the STPss at the design flow rate has been estimated
conservatively and given in table-13.
Table-13: Anticipated performance of the STPs

S.N Parameter Influen Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent

o. t from from the from the from the
sewag baffled facultativ multistag maturati
e anaerobic e pond e filter on pond
reactor
1. BOD5 at 20C 250 64 15 <10 ---
(mg/L)
2. COD (mg/L) 450 158 --- --- ---
3. MPN 1x108 3.69E+5 3.96E+4 --- ---
to to
4.59E+7 9.04E+6
4. TKN (mg/L) 35 26 19 to 21 --- ---
5. Total nitrogen --- --- --- <15 ---
(mg/L)
6. TSS (mg/L) 300 49 40 to 60 <10 ---