TAELE OF CONTENTS

5.5 LomP fleoter

SECIION I- UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION 5.6 Light ChoPPer Position Sersor
5.7 heomPlifier
l.l Pocking Doto, Model 10-000 (RockJv'lount) ;:; ri-o--l,rttiptitt Hish Voltoge Pwer Supplv
i'.; i"i'li.n oot", Model '10-005 (Field) S.P ComPosite Sigrrl DescriPtion
1.3 Pwer Source ond Wiring 5.10 Meter AmPlifier Circuits
5.ll Ronge Chonger Circuits
1.1 SomPle SYstem
i; iitt t ond Lisht sorce hstollotion
1.6 Environment APTENDICES
1.7 lrlounting Considerotions
Wiring the TelemetrY Conrectos
AND TELEMETRY oUTruTs
sEcTloN - coNTRoLs, |NDlcAToRs,
2 Brochure
AccesorY Instructiors
2.1 Generol
Wring, lv{odel 1(F000 Rock Mor'rnt
2.2 Controls Figure l. Power
2.3 Indicotors Fluorometer " " " "2
2.4 Telemetry OutPuts Figure 2. Power Wring, lvlodel l0-005 Field
Fluorometer ' ' 3
Fiourc3.;;;i;A*",CoverRemoved ' ' ' ' ' "t
SECTTON 3 - OPERATION
;iffi;. il;r;;;L-'brv' ' "'r2'16
3.1 Set UP ;l:#;: 6ii*i1r'"'svstem " "" " "18
3.2 Colibrotion ;1ffi;: iri*ia"'"t-^r"s svstem ' ' " ' "le
3.3 OPerotion ;i:il;: i""#- er."*"ioRegJlotors- ' ' ' '20
'
Filure 8. +5
+9 ond Volt
- ;:il;: r..-p""a-8Volt-Pryersupplv'''''21'
SECTION 4 SERVICE
;iffii;.i".lx.."'Schemotic ' ' ' ' ' ' ''22
4.1 WorrontY ;iil ii:i:,sf,t A'PP"' Position serson ' ' ' '23
1.2 Filure 12. Preonplifier n"ttt'i'lpfier Sch-emctic ' ' ' ' '21
Obtoining Service
;iil i3: iiil Powei supplv'schemoric ' :
V'ri"g""'U ' ' '25
4.3 DisossemblY
ffi;i;: i't'i.r.v"tG', n*'*'il's"'*e/Demodulotor ' '26
4.1 iiointenonce ond Adiustment
;iffii;:iiilrD.#iJr'to'oJm"t"circuib' ' ' ' ' '27
;lil i;:R.il S.i""to' step Gtor orive ' ' ' '2e
- TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
" "31
SECTION 5
;lil i;:R# iositionrcssemors
5.1 SYstem ;iil: i;:;;prin"' Ports Locotion' ' '' '' '' '''33 '32
5.2 ;1ffii;:i'JiJ^'rcgPortslocotion ' ' ' ' ' ' '34
Hffiio. ir"','g.-itip"t"Locotion '
Electronics
Volt Pwer
5.3
;1il;;:ilf,i'*'orcsPortsLocatim ' ' ' ' '35
+9 ond +5
5.1 [omP ond -8 Volt Power

I- UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION

F sEcTlON

The sePorote smoll box contoins:

lO-000R (Rock Mount)
t.l PACKING DATA, Model lO-000 or
Telemeiry Connector' Femole'
l0-0O6' complete with
1 -
Your shipment consists of two boxes' The lorge box contoins: o Power cord'
on the end of the
I - 3-2 wire power cond odoptor - instolled
I - Model 10-000 or IO-OO0R Rock Mont
Fluorometer power cord '
3 AMP SLO-8LO
i - 6p"t.'f"g ond Service lvlonuol' 10-070 on the end of the t -'Box of 5 fuses, 3AG
I - 3-2 wire po*"' "ond odoptor - instolled i - i". .r 5 fuses, 3AB l/2 AMP sLo-BLo bore
oower cord . i - io".. cuvette 10-l3i (o short piece of precision
gioss
-Boo
tubing)
The sePorote smoll box contoins: *I- fou' "O" rinS' ond extro lubriconi
*I- "ontoiiing (o gloss ior contoining
D.ri""ont Replocement Kir' l0-023
I- Box of 5 fuses' 3AG 3 AMP SLO-BLO- ten smoll bogs)'
I- Box of 5 fuses, 3AB l/2 AMP SLO-BLO
* I - (o short piece ot Precrsron moisture will
Spore cuvette 10-134 CAUTIONI Leove seoled-l Atmospheric(Con be regeneroted)'
bore glos tubino)
qnd extro lubricont
t;;ll;t ineffective'
* I - iog ciontoining iout "O" rinss' (o gloss ior
* I - Desiccont Replocement Kit' lO-023
Youroccessoryorder.Pleoserefertoyourpurchoseonderond the
contoining ten smoll bogs) ,#o""-
.r-n!
il"" in fhe Accessory Operoting,Instruciions oi
will .ti'.flf.it"t"."ol to verify the tolqnce of the contents'
CAUTIONI Leove seoledl fimcPhericrmoisture
(Con be regeneroted)'
reni* t-ftlt-1"*t"ctive ' I.3 POW€R SOURCE AND WIRING

Your occessory order' Pleose refer

to y-our purchose order
lnstruc- 1.3.1 Power Requirements
o.J il" po"tting lists in the AccesoqyOpercting i.i-Z p"*"' Connnections' Model l0-000 Rock
Mount
t;t'ol to the bolonce of
tions ot the t"d ;i;;; "iifv Fluorometer - Reor Terminol StriP
Rock Mount
the confenfs ' 1.3.3 Power Connections' Model l0-000
Fluorometer - vio Telemeiry Connector.. '
Field Fluorometer
(Field) 1.3.4 Power Connections' Modei l0-005
1.2 PACKING DATA, Model l0-005 or l0-005R
The lorge box contoins:
Your shipment consists of two boxes'
! I- Model l0-005 or lO-005R Field Fluorcmeter
r lf the l0-020
t"""f t.a'
High-Volume Continuous-Flow
these 'rltems will
Cuvette System is not
be deleted'
'10-070
i - O-pttoti"n ond Seruice Monuol '
 Power Requirements Here h_ howJhe reor ponel terminol strip looks - for 105 to
130 volt A.C. operotim:
The power requirements of the model l0-000 Rock Mqlnt
Fluorometer ond the model l0-005 Field Fluoromefer ore
ldenticol. The instnments moy be connected for use with
I l7 volt A.C., 230 volt A.C. or twelve volt D.C. sources.
Powcr rcquircmenh with ihese different hook-ups ore os GREEN
followc: BI.ACK

| . When hooked up for I 17 volt A.C. -

Use 105 to 130 volt 50 to 400 cps A.C. Severol JUMPERS
minutes ot 140 volts will couse no domoge.

Current droin is obout 0.3 ffiperes, ot 120 volts. GREEN

2. When hoked up for 230 volt AC. -

Use 210 to 260 volts 50 to,{O0 cps A.C. Severol For 210 to 260 volt-A.C. operotim, power opplied thrcugh
minutes ot 280 volts will couse no donoge. the reor ponel terminol strip:

Current droin is obout 0.15 omperer, ot 240 volts. l. Remove the iumper between teminols 3 ord 4.

3. Whon hooked up for twelve volt D.C. - 2. Remove the iumper between terminols 5 ond 6.

Use I I to 16 volts D.C. lnstoll o jumper between terminqls 4 ond 5.

Current required is independent of voltoge ot obout 4. Reploce the power connector with one to motch your
2.0 omperes. power ouflet. Green is ground. White is Neutrol.
Block is hot.
CAUTIONt The negoiive'D.C. power line is grounded
to the instrument cose. Preferobly, ihe instrurnent ond For D.C. operotion, power opplied through the reor ponel
terminol strio:
oll telemefry outputs should be isoloted from the D.C.
source. lf this is not possible, ground to the 3g!!1rc l.
side of the D.C. power source g!1. Remove the power cord - or put if in such o ploce fhot
it connot be plugged in.

Power Connections, lvlodel l0-000 Rock Mount 2. Connect negotive power to terminol 9.
Fluorometer -
Reor Terminol Strip
CAUTIONI The negotive D.C. po*er line is gmorded
ti-If,fns-rrument cose. Preferobiy, the instrument ond
oll telemetry outputs should be isoloted frmr the D.C.
7n source. lf this is not possible, ground to the negotive
side of the D.C. power source only.
TO

ON-OFF REGULATOR
3. Connect positive power to teminol 10.

Ng]lt lf you revene poloriry by mistoke, the two

GE Al5F diodes will ocf os o shirrt circuit. The 3 AMP
fuse will blow,rbut the instrument will not be domoged.
GE AI5 F
1.3,3 Power Connections, Model t0-000 Rock lvlount Fluorcmeter
- vio Telemefry Connecfor.

l. Obtoin o l0-001 Telemetry Connector, lvlole.

+ 82NlF
2$l 2. Remove the power cord from the reor ponel teiminol strip.

3, For ll7 volt A.C. operotion, the following iumpen

should be in ploce on the reor ponel teminol strip:

FRAME &
terminql2to3 (odd)
CIRCUIT
GROUND
terminol 3 to4 (os shipped)
teminol 5 to 6 (os shipped)
ferminol 7to8 (odd)

T ts nenn enNel tr--o No other iumpers should be present.

tr-@
1

Q ts rnemrrRY coNN. 4. For 230 volt A.C. operotion, the following iumpen
must be removed from the reor ponel teminol sfrip:

re I. Power Wiring, Model I0-000 Rock Mount Fluorometer terminol3to4 (remove)

teminol 5to6 (remove)
As received - your instrument is reody for use wiih 105 to
130 volt 50 to 400 cps A,C. power. Just plug in the power In oddition, the following iumpers must be odded:
cord ottoched to the reor teminol sfrip. Remove the 3-2
wire plug odoptor shipped on ihe end of th-epmr cord - teminol 2to3 (odd)
if your instolloiion hos o stondond three prong power outlet. reminol 4to5 (odd)
lf you hove the older two prong power outlet, ground the teminol 7to8 (odd)
tob extending from the 3-2 wire plug odoptor, ond plug it
into your outlet. No other iumpers should bepresent.
 - check thot no iumpers go io J. Rmove the iumpen between terminqls I ond 2 ond
5. For D.C. operttion
between terminols 3 ond 4.
terminols 9 or l0'

6. Refer to Appendix l, Wiring the Telemefry Connector - 4. Solder o iumper between ierminqls 2 ond 3.
fc fhe mechonicol detoils of hondling the wires which
enter the TelemetrY Connector'
&
Slip the instrument bock in the cose, ond put ihe 18 -
18-32 ro"rr bock in ploce very loosely, so you ccn
7. For A.C. operotion - connect your Power source to the slide the front ponel oround for best hole oligrmenf.
Progressively tighten oll screws until they ore snug, but
TelemetrY Connector os follows:
nof deod t:ght.
PinA-Extemolground
Pin B - Power source neutrol wire 6. Reploce the power connector on the l0-006 Telemetry
Power source hot wire
Connector, femole with one to motch your power outlet.
Pin C - Green is ground. White is Neutrol. Block is Hot.

8. For D.C. operotion - connect your Power source to the For D.C. Operotion:
Telemetry Conmcfor os follows:
l. Refer to Appendix l, Wiring the Telemetry Connector
PinD-NegotivePower - for the mechonicol detoils of hondling the wires which
enter ihe Telemetry Connector.
CAUTIONI D.C. Power line is grounded
The negotive
E-T6ffiFrutent cose. Preferobly, the irstrument ond oll 2. Remove the power cord - or put it in such o ploce thot it
. telemeiry outputs should be isoloted from the D'C' source' connot be plugged in.
lf this is not possible, ground to the negotive side of the
D.C. power source 93!a. 3. Connect negotive Power fo Pin D.

PinE-PositivePower CAUTIONI The negotive D.C. power lire is grounded

tiJfrffirrment cose. Preferobly, the instrument ond
NOTE: lf you revece polority by mistoke, the two GE oll telemetry outpufs should be isoloted from fhe D.C.
E-tsf dioder *ill oct os o short. circuit. The 3 AMP sorce. lf this is not po*ible, ground to the gg1!y9
fuse will blow, but the hctrument will not be domoged' side of the D.C. power source only.

l;3.4 Power Connections, Model 10-005 Field Fluorometer 4. Connect posiiive power to Pin E.

1rI NOTE: lf you reveBe polority by mistoke, the two GE

ATT5F diodeswill oct o! o short circuit. The 3 dMP fusc
TO TfGUL.ATOR will blow, but ihe instrument will not be domoged.

1.4 SAMPLE SYSTEM (See Figure 3)

ON-OFF
:frn 1.4.1 Continuous Flow Cuvette Removol.
1.4.2 Continuous Flow Cuvette Instollotion.
1.4.3 Cmiinuos Flow Cuvette lvloinfenonce.
1.4.4 Continuous Flow Cwette Extemol Connictions.
GE A I5FJ
1.4.5 Desiccont Use with the Continuous Flow Cuvette.
I 15 V JUMPERS
1.4.1 Continuous Flow Cuvette Removol.

1. Droin the systeml Remove oll fittings from the Intoke

ond Exhoust Fittings.
8200,lF
25V Remove the 14#842 screws which retoin the Somple
z.
Comportment Cover. lf you hove ony kouble with the
gosket under this cover sticking, remember thot it is
FRAME & CIRCUIT GRD. glued to thecover. A little penuosion with o thin
knife between i6e gosket ond the Somple Coinportment
Costing should be sufficient,
Figure 2. Power Wiring - Model l0-005 Field Fluorometer you hove iust received your instrument, the Lomp will
e lf
not yet be instolled.
Your model l0-005 Field Fluorometer is supplied cmplete
with o l0-006 Telemetry Connector, femole; it is prewired lf you ore chonging from one opplicotion to onother, ond
to o oower cord. desire to mointoin colibrotion, you should mork the Lomp
so thot it moy be retumed to its originol Posiiion.
The instrument is internolly wired for 105 to 130 volt 50 to
400 cps operotion. Instqll the Telemetry Connector on the A dob of noil polish on the lower bose of the lomp work
front ponel. Remove the 3-2 wire plug odoptor shipped on the well.
end of the power cord - if your instol lotion hc o stondord
three-prong power outlet. lf you hove the older two-prong Remove the lomp (if instolled), by rototing 90o ond pulling
power outlet, ground the fob extending from the 3-2 wire i t out towords you .

plug odoptor ond plug it into your outlet.

For 210 to 260 volt A.C. operotion: 4. Remove the Upper Stud ond the Lower Stud. Remove the
Excitotion Filter Holder Assembly'
l. Ploce fhe instrument on o work surfoce, front ponel
exposed ond up. Remove the l8 t8-32 screws qround 5. Using the Allen Wrench stored in the Desiccont Holder,
the periphery of the front ponel. Pull fhe enlire loosen ihe Upper Set Screw. Pull up on the Exhoust
instrument out of the cose ond ploce it upside down on Fitting, rotoiing it bock ond forth o little, to free it.
the work surfoce, front ponel to your right. Be coreful I The Cuveite mqy come out with the Exhoust
Firting. lf it does - remove it with the Exhoust Fifting.
Locote the moin power fronsfomer mounted on the right lf noi - pull if up ond oul ofier you hove removed the
sideponel, directly behind the Telemetry Connector' Exhoust Fitting.
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Figure 3. Somple Areo, Cover Removed

t"
I lfyou hove ony questions obout leokoge'
nw.is ihe time
I Loosen the Lower Set Screw' Pull down on the Intoke to hook up tne eltemol connections' ond moke o visuol
I Fitting, rototing it bock ond forth o little' to
free it' check.
{
' NOTE: The Intoke ond Exhoust Fittings ore identicol' 8. Check thot the Emission Filters ore in
ploce' Instoll the
I -'
D6FFworry obout getting them mixed up' et"irorion Filter Holder Assembly with the
Upper ond
il Wipe up ony spilled liquids' lf.ony
old De-siccont
Lower Studs'
,,'.1 7.
bog were in ploce' remove ond discord mem' 9. lmtoll the Lomp. See porogroph I '5'2'
T

lO. Instoll Desicconf, if needed' See Section I '4'5 below'

1.4.2 Continuous Flow Cuvette lnstollotion'
II . Put the Somple ComPortment Cover in ploce ond imtoll
Normolly, this procedure will stort with the following items loosely' Progressively tighten oll
oll l4 screws very
removed fiom Your instrument: screw until they ore snug' but not deod
tight'

l. Somple Comportment Cover, ond l4 screws' I .4.3 Contiruous Flow Cuvette Mqintenonce
2. Lomp. visuolly cleon'ond there is
As long os the Cuvette oppeors lf the fluid
3. Upper ond Lower Studs' t="i-'It!;'""t-it -i *q"it"a' ctpck fq
no sign of l"trttst'
4. Exciiotim Filter Holder Assembly' moved or stressed'
lires leoding tt the;;;;;"
leoks I
Proceed os follows:
through steps 2-4 in
The Cuvette mdy be insPected by goirrs
l. Corefullv iropect the two "O" rings m the Exhoust "io t"tot"- it for clmning' !g! the
'' ' 'oke Fitting for nicks or teors' Section I .4.1,
Fitting ond two on the Inr ";;'
systemr r€move externol connections'
ihen continue with
i;il;;"l. ony sign of deteriorotion - reploce them with Section l '4'l '
n.*i'O'i tinst, in your l0-021 Cuvette Replocement Kit'
be cleoned by
(This kit wos supplied with your instrument') The Cuvette is borosilicote gloss' ond moy
normol techniques'
lf you do reploce the "O" rings - order o 10-022 'O"
(Buno N) rubber' Chemicol
Ring Kit. The "O" rings ore o Nitrile
resistonce is good'-They must be lubricoted before reossembly'
thot the round rubber flot wchers supplied
on^.
.Be sure See Section l '4'2'
if." i"l.r.i."a Intoke Fittings ore in ploce' These {lot brcs' Do
ploted
woshers ore nesr the stnoller "O" rings'
ogoinst-the tlot The lntoke ond Exhousf Fittings ore nickel
fittings which mokes up ogoinst the end of not use strong chemicol cleoning ogents'
.ulo." on the
the cuvette.

CAUTIONI These flot woshere should be removed' when 1.4.4 Continuous Flow Cuvette Externol Connections'
Kit is
the l0-033 Continuos-Flow Nephelometry hc both the Intoke ond the.
As received, vour instrument
instolled.
il;';u;;;;;.toriJ rhot*their thrcqds foce toryof'
of these
If'rft.f* vo-ur plumbitg iob ecier' either or bothl
9 2.
-- Lubricote the "O" rings' You'll find excess
lubriccnt
;th the "O" rings in your Cuvette Replocement Kit'
Silicone oils will olso do'
;it;i;;;';;i;.Lt,o thJv'roc' lert' see section '4'2.
;;;;;: i;i.-.diote positions ore not ovoiloble'
Pull the
fittings out before rotofing them'
con
3. Wo* the Infoke Fitting uP into Position' The threods when moking
foce toword you, or to the left' but not ot on
intemediote The following points should be considered'
ongle. externol conneclions:

Tighten the Lower Set Screw' l. The fittings occept stondord l/2" l.'P'S' mole.pipe
-Pipe
_{:
threods. dope, or the new plostic tope type
4. Ccrefully cleon the Cuvette' Slip it down.through
f, the will be required'
seolers
hole where the Exhsust Fitting will eventuolly go' ond
solder
press it into ploce on the Intoke Fitting' 2- Don'f over-tightenl lt is posible to breok th-e
f
1;

i;;tT-iETiit?ngs - ond olso, wiih ex-treme.iorce' you

{& The plostic hondle of o screwdriver moy
be used io push
iould distort the fittings to the point where the
rubber-
the Cuvette into Ploce' cushioned cuvetie will breok'
We do not recommend rigid pipe hok-up'
5. Work the Exhoust Fitting down until it olmost engoges
is ProPerly olrgneo
the Cuvette. Be sure thot the Cuvette the.Exhoust
with the Exhoust Fitting' Push the Exhoust
Fitting down' 3. Normolly - you'll be going to o hose on both for the firt
to engoge the Cuvette fullY' ond lntole fitting. This hose must be opoque
severol feet, ot leost. lf not - light con "leok"
in' ond
Note thot the Exhoust Fitting moy olso foce
towords.you meosurements
upset Your '
intermedtore
or foce to the left, but moy not be ot on
ongle lf vou
hove onv questions - shode the hose' ond see if the
' Select the most sensitive instrument
,.JJing
Fitting' "hongut.
6. Loosen the set screw on the Intoke
(lower) ronge which You Plon to use'

breokoge or leoks
Adiust the fittings up qnd down until the Cuvette
is vou hove ony queslion obout Cuvette
4.' lf'-'"h""[
centered.
rot breoks' then turn thd somple system
"ituoily
on ond check for leoks. See porogroph I '4'3'
The ends of the Cuvette should contoct
the flol rubber
Air bubbles will couse errotic reodings' The pocking
woshers described in porogroph I obove'^but,should,not, o pump is often o source of inwond oir leokoge'
tne
compress them. (The liquid seol is supplied-oy .v
rom
"l;J;i
iti, o-Ut.t is often cured by putting the somple pump
rings. The flot rubber woshers protect ihe cuv€tte on the exhousf end of the system - so it sucks somple
with the metql Exhoust ond lntoke
dirlct contqct through roiher thon pushes it through'

J 7.
Fittinss. )

Rotote the Fittings o liitle tighten the set

os you slowly
CAUTIONI
ZS-pdFrr,
Remember thot the Somple System is roted ot
for exomple, you ore using o presurized
o'" on the flots on the etc" be sure you
screws - so the set ""nt"red system to cmbot dissolved gos releose,
iiitjis. n"t,." the"t"*'
Allen wrerch to its staoge ploce'
do not exceed this roting.
Wipelny fingerprints off the Cuvette'
-5-
t< The emission filters ore not subiect to such chonges.
Desiccont Use wiih the Continuous Flow Cuvette.
lf chonging to o new opplicotion, locote the Excitction
Condensote foming on the outside of ihe Cuvetie con cquse
drifting reodings, os it builds up. lf there is o sufficieni
volume of oir to pull moisture frm, it cqn olso couse errotic
Filier for your oPPlicotion.

Pleoserefer to the Filter Selection Guide oppended to this

p
reodings os droplels breok free ond run down.
monuol for detoils.
For this reosm, the entire somple ore is gosketed ond
8. Where o l0-080 Excitotion Filter Holder, cmplete with
seoled, ond o spoce for desiccont is provided'
Excitotim Filten is ovoiloble, go on to step f. i

Usuolly, you won't hove ony problem, even without desicont,

When Excitotion Filters must be instolled' remove the
since ihe'free volume of oir inside lhe somple oreo is smol l,
flot plote with the lorge cenfrcl hole from the Excito-
ond there iust isn't much moisture to condense out.
tim Filter Holder Assembly. (Two f4-40 nuts ond lock-
follow, referring woshes).
lf problems ore encountered, proceed os
to Figure 3: Remove ony existing Excitofion filter under this plote'
Put the desired filter in ploce ond clomp it io ihe
l. Remove the Somple Comportment Cover (14 screws)'
Excitotion Filfer Holder Assembly with this plote.
2. Remove ond discord ony sPent desiccont'
Tighten the two nuts enough to bend the plote iust o
3. Remove the tope seol frm the bottle of desicconi
little. Do not over-tighten, c the filters noy crock'
pockoges suPPlied with your instrument' Remove two g- lnstoll the Excitotion Filter Holder Assembly with the
pockoges, close ond re-sml the bottle'
Upper ond Lower Studs-
4. Ploce the pockoges in the Position shown in Figure 3'
lO. Locote the Lomp for your opplicotion'
5. Re-instoll the Somple Cmporfment Cover with o minimum
of deloy. All l4 screws should be instolled loosely - to For Chlorophyll, it will be white ond hwe the legend
ollow 6sthole olignment. Then tighten progressively "8" followed by c seriol numbcr on one end. lt will
until oll screws ore snug' but not dsd tight' (Over hove block tope light boffles'
tightening con couse distortion of the cover ond leokoge')
For the vorious rhodomine dyes, it will be cleor quortz,
6. Onder o 10-023 Dsiccont Replocement Kit (bottle of ten)' with block tope light boffles.
if needed.
WARNINGI Under no circumstonces let light fm the
lomp foiT-on your eyesl Serious eye irrito-
FILTER AND LIGHT SOURCE INSTALLATION' See Fisure 3' "l-EiGilo.tt
tion will resuli - with o deloy of obout four hours between
exPosure ond sYmPtoms.
Remove the 141842 which retoin the Somple
screws
Comporfment Cover. lf you hove ony irouble with the II . When using the cleor quortz lomp, check thot there ore
gosket under this cover sticking, remember thot.it is .o t"r.rrf d-plets be'tween the two pieces of block
flr.a to the cover. A litfle penucion with o thin knife tope. lf present, dislodge by topping the lomp'
Lw"tn the gosket ond the Somple Comportment Cosiing
should be sufficient. Instoll the Lomp by inserting ond turning 90o'

2. lf you ore chonging from one opplicotion to onother' lf you wish to mointoin colibrotion, the lomp should be
ond desire to mointoin colibrotion, you should mork the reinsiolled in the originol position. See porogroph 2,
Lomp so thot it moy be retumed to its originol posiiion' 2.2.1.
obove, ond PorogroPh
A dqb of noil polish on the lower bose of the lomp works
well. 12. Locote the Reference Filfer for your opplicotion'

Remove the lomp (if instolled), by roloting 90oond Pleose refer to the Filter Selection Guide ot the end of
pulling it out iowords You. this monuol for defoils.

Remove the Upper Stud ond the Lower Siud. Remove fhe Instoll it under the two spring clips, iust to the right
Excitotion Fi lier Holder Assembly. of the lomP. See Figure 3.

4, Locote the Emission Filiers for your opplicotlon' 13. Pui ihe Somple Cmportment Cover in ploce ond imtoll
oll l4 screws very loosely. Progessively tighten oll
Pleose refer io fhe Filter Selection Guide ot ihe end of screws uniil they ore snug, but not deod tight.
this monvql for detoils.
lf the Cuvette Adopior is in ploce, reinsioll the Lighi
Note thot these filteru must be in the specified order, )hreld.
ond wirh the color specif icotion morking foruord '
I.6 ENVIRONMENT I
5. The Emission Filiers mount directly behind the Cuvette'
See Figure 3. Remove ony filters presenf, ond instoll 1.6.1 Temperoture
the new ones, os described obove. I .6.2 Woter ond Dirt
1.6.3 Vibrotion
'I
6. lf the Continuous Flow Cuvetle is being used, wipe ony .6.4 Helium
finger prints off of it viith o lob wipe.
.l.6.5 Wqier Condensotion

7. ll you ore chonging from one opplicotion to

qnother ond 1 .6. I Temperoture
wish io mointoin colibrotion (without using o stondord)
Storoge temperoture is -20oC to +60oC - os long os the
vou should hove o l0-080 Excitotion Filter Holder for
cuvette is emPty!
eoch set of Excitotion Filtea ond never remove ihe
filters from the holder. See porogroph 2'2'l ' This is
Operoting temperoture is from the freezing point of the fluid
oorticulqrly imporfont when using the cleor quortz lomp
which will'grojuolly (over o period of months or yeors) in ihe cuvette to +50oC, ombient. Expect slow lomp storf
filter insfolled' below +4oC.
chonge ihe chorocteristics of the
 Woter Condensotion
Woter ond Dirt
lf the instrument hos been in o cold oreo' then moved to o
The model 10-000 Rock Mount Fluorometer
is not Protected ;'";.il;;;;;t, it moy foil to oPerote correctly' .Hou.:.^
.n.f *""t. All moving Ports ore shielded ogoirot dirt' ;;;;i- Lon" it on, with the Xl - Xl00 control ot Xl00
inner box'
dust,^.ieic. by the outer cose, ond o tighi-fitting !J *itft the X31.6 ronge selected' lnternol prctective
ii. li"i*itrolier ond the semitive oomplifier.ossocioted will burn the condensote out in 15 - 20 minutcs'
;;'i;;; odlirionollv protected bv second b-1.' T:out' ";;;i;t
without ddmoge
ii this, it moy be used in quife dirty loco-tions 1.7 MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS
or loss of perfomonce' Corrosive otmcpher* shwlo' or
Adoptor Kits.ore
;;;, d ovoided. When the Cuvette
jn much c
| .7.1 Mounting Position
i"u"iila,-ti" Lisht shietd should be ploce.c well'
1.7.2 Mechonicol considerotions
possible, to keep dirt frm entering the cuvette 1.7.3 Effect of neorbY equiPment
1 -7.1 Access requiremcnts
is resistqnt to woter' with
The Model I0-005 Field Fluormeter
on - os for tronsport - or when it is.-
the protectl've cover 1.7.'l MountingPoeitim
is "DroP it
;.iltJi;; ;o"totion' The desisn philosophv .
fresh woter - it somple in the
:;;;d; -it will floot. wch it off with &cept for the problem of keeping "Grob"
will in ony position'
;ii *;';, c long os it is equipped with the continuous .rt tt", lhe instrument operote
position of the
-flow cuvettes ovoiloble with the instrument
or ovolloble However, fo, g.uote't stobility'^the overcge
b" within 20o of level' for proper con-
6 occessories. i"tt-..t' sho'la continuous flow
of ittt tigttt source'-.With the
vective cooling
wi.ll olso ollow best purging
the I 0-037 Liquid Col umn Chromotogrophy Cuvette cut"tt" (no.tolly suppliJd), this
AJoptor is quite well seoled, but will not stond
immerrion' of ony oir bubbles ossocioted with the somple'
holders ore
When the vorious discrete or "grob" somple 1.7.2 Mechonicol Considerotions
ond the
instolled, woier con get to the oPticol, elerents be mounted
tt con-
wirinq ond heotelossocioted wiih the light source' The model I0-000 Rock Mount Fluorometer-mcy
vith four
porfs electronic rock'
iot glt b the bulk of the electronics or to ony moving direelly in ony stondord 19"
tO-32."tt*t'- Ponel spoce required is 7" frmt
irctrument
- bui consideroble domoge con result' -The ponel' ond
exten& 7.5" bchi;; iht reor surfoce of. the
lf woter does enier the Somple Cmportment' in either
the
oi t.*t on extro holf inch should be ollowed'
O-OOO Rock-Mount Fluorometer or the
I0-005 Field
iru"if l0-002
Fluorometer: sewice' it moy olso be.monted in our
For loborotory
Cose' Plece see wr Brochurc ond Price list'
Loborotory
| Tum power off immediotely' There is no hozond -
' wi I l. qui ckl y destroy ilegrtont thing is to
but ei ectri city EiffiiF-tog"ther In ony boot or vehicle instollotion' th9
Ja "it.isn't fhe foll thot hurts'
the lomp wiring ond lomp heoter ossembly' tie it downl As irc story 9m
corxider
it,s the sudden ,top;'. Fo. tie Field Fluorometer' the
2. Remove the Somple Comportment Cover
(14 screvs)'
i..t"ifi"go stondond outmobile sofety bclt to hold
Remove the light source, oll filters ond fhe Excitotim instrument down'
Filter Holder. See porogroph l '5 ond Figure 3'
1 .7.3 Effect of neorbY equiPment
-- lf
3. the woter which entered the Somple Comportment
*o, *tt woter, flush the offected oreo with fresh woter Wotch overoll temPeroture rise in mclosed
rocks' While
then deimized or distilled woter' *ill *otk fine on o scorching hot doy' it
your fluorometer
wiIInotoperoteoshotossmepure|ye|ectronicequipment.
lf fresh woter only entered the Somple ComPortrent'
flush the offected oreo with deionized or distilled by the
woler. A second problem wiih lemPeroture rise.is coused
temperoture coefficient of ihe opticol
filters used in yor
in the bock
4. Dry with gentle heot' A hoir dryer will do the iob' fluorometer' S"" ii" filttt Selection Guide
for detoils. Heot, coused by other equip-
of this monuol
5. Put it bock fogeiher, ond retum to seryice' ment, should be kept low ond constont'

lf the l0-005 Field Fluorometer is immersed with the cover

on, the cover should be removed qs soon os possible' ona 1 .7.4 Access requirements
ony *ot , in the oreo between ponel ond cover
ollowed to
ponel controls
droin oui. During normol operotion' occess io the front
onlY is needed'
Solt woier should, of course, be flushed off os
soon os

oossi bl e . lnsituqtionswheredirtywoterisbeinghondled'youshould
continuous flow cuvette'
hove occess to ollow cfdoning of the
1.6.3 Vibrotion SeeSectionl';;;;t;"'ReieningtoFigure3'thereshould'
be enough -*io lia" the Exhouit Fitting strdight up 1-l/2'
when used
The instrumeni is designed to oPerofe sotisfoctorily ondtos|idethe|ntokeFi}tingstroighidownl-1,/2..frmtheir
equipmeni
in qn environment sotisfoclory for normol mobile insiolled Positions'
suci os rodiotelephones, etc' The limiting foctor
will be
Mopior Ki
keeping "grob" somPles in lhe cuvetie' lf vou ore toking "grob" somples with the Cuvette
;"';. ;. ollorierough roorn for eosy cuvetie insertion'
1.6.4 Helium
lf vou must instoll ond remove the l0-030 Cuvette Holder'
o
Surprisingly enough, helium will.ruin PhotmultiPliffi.in ;;;.;;;r;" C.;trolled, ond l3 x 100 mm cuvettes' ollow
foirlv sho* time. lf you ore working on exotic breotnrng ;#;;;;i.'l;ng to be inserted where the Intoke
owoy trm
mixtures, or other systems using helium, keeP it Fitting is shown in "vliid"'
Figure 3'
the fluorometer.

J
-7 -
 sEcTtoN 2- CoNTROLS, |ND|CATORS, AND TELEMETRY OUTruTS

GENERAL
ot o rote of four stepc per second. Rcleosc thc switch
wlrcn
the desired ronge is reoched.
All operoting controls orc on the front ponel. No intcmol
controls will rcguire sctting during normol opcrotion of the
lf the STEp switch is dcpressed when the AUTO_lvlAN
instrumant.

No conrbinofion of control settings con be modc which cqn

cousc donroge to the instrumenr.
is in AUTO, fhe,rongc chongc logic will rcspond
chonge commonds from both ih. orto_rong.-l'ogic
STEp swiich. For insronce, you might delrcss
rwitch
to mngg--.
ond thc
thc STEp
switch cousing on€ ronge chongc, then rcreqse thc
sTEp s*itch
t
ond discovcr the instrument chongcs rong,es ogoin.
CONTROLS Ihis *oriJ
hoppen if the monuol step commord .ouJed thc irctrumGnt
go off scole. Thc.outo_rongc logic would scnsc to
2.2.1 Scnsitivity knob this ,; ;;*
odditionol rmge chongcs.
2.2.2 Xl - Xl00 knob
2.2.3 RANGE AUTO-MAN switch To ovoid possible confusion, the AUTO_Iv{AN switch
2.2.4 MNGE STEP ryirch ser ro lviAN beforc depresing the STEp.*it"h. Thi,
moy be
2.2.5 BLANK control the mochinc to step only in rcsponse to thc STEp switch. "o.i*
2.2.6 SPAN control When the desired rongc is reochcd ond if it notcd thot
2.2.7 ON-OFF swirch insirumcnt is on scole, the AUTO_Iv1A,N switch con
thG
then bc
Scrsitivity knob. switched to AUTO, if desired.

This knob, ifs vemier ond its lock ore locoted m the lower
2.2.5 BLANK control
right sida of the somple oreo costing, See Figure 3.
This control is used to cornp€nsqte for the residuol or,,blonk,,
fhis confrol sets the bosic sensitivity of the instrument. fluorescence correspoding to zero conccntrotion of thc
Normolly, it will
require odjustmcnt only when the opticol unknown.
filtcrs ore chonged. For exmple, od1:Ftment moy be
rcquircd if on instrumcnt hos been colibrotcd on Rirodonrine WT On the model 10-000 Rock Mount Fluoromef€r, o t n furn
ond is to be set up for chlorophyll. diol groduoted frm_
O_to 1000 is provided. A iock is pro_
vided. Up (CCW) is frcc running. Dom (CW) is loclJ.
Bofh scnsitivity to fluorcscence ord blonk ore set by this
control. On the model 10-005 Field Fluorcneter, o ten turn uncali_
broted diol with o locking ring is provided.
lf the position of the Sensifiviry knob, BLANK contrl (pqrq-
' groph 2.2.5) ond SPAN conrrol (porogrcph
2.2.6) ore Lft
2.2.6 SPAN conrrol
unchonged, colibrqtion will hold for long periods of time.
This control is used to colibrotc the ponel lvletcr directly
When using the 1G.000 Rock-Mount Fluorometers, colibrotion in terms of the conccntrotion of thc unknom. lt rnoy
moy be voried ond reset (to obout l/zoh) by noting the reod_
*
uscd
to set the sensitiviiy of the instrument ovcr o ronge *
4:1.
ings of the ten-tum v€mier SPAN ond BI_ANK knobs.
lf the BLANK control-is proparly set, the SpAN control moy
It it possible tb mointoin colibrotion, even when light source
ond filiers ore exchongid, if the simple pre"outio.ioutliied
in porogroph 1.5 ore followed.
be odiusted without offecting the sctting of thc BLANK
conirol. 5
The diol ond lock used ore identicol to thot on the BLANK
Xl - Xl00 knob control.
2.2.7 ON-OFF swirch
This knob is locoted on the upper right side of the somole
cmporiment costing. lt's positions ore indicoted on the front
This switch iurns the instrument on ond off.
poncl. See Figure 3.
Whcnjn thc Xl position, the sensitivity of the instrument is
2.3 tNDtcAToRS
os indicoted by ihe Ronge Lights. When in the XI00 po6irion,
The Ronge Lights indicote the sensitivity selected.
the sensifivity of the instrumeni is 100 times rhot lndiioted by
the Ronge Lights.
The Ponel Meter reoding is proportionol to the
light reoching
the photomultiplier, when ti,e 'SLaNf knob is counter_
When the BLANK control is properly odiusted, blonk suppres_
clockwise. When properly colibroted, its reoding is propor_
sion is not offected by turning this contrcl.
tionol to the concentrotion of the unknown.
&ANGE AUTO-MAN swirch
2.4 _... TELEMETRY OUTruTS FVA€q ouT p!rTS.
When in either the ,A,UTO or lvlAN position, the instrument
No connector is supplied with the model l0_000 Rock lllount
yi!l 9honge ronge if the STEP swirch is depiessed. (See
2.2./t RANGE STEP swirch for detoils).
Fluorqnefer. pleose order Telemetry Connector, Mole,
l0-001, when needed.
IT
T
When this control is in the AUTO position, the insirument
A. connector is supplied with the model li
outomoticolly selects the most oppropriote ronge. lf the lO_0O5 Field
f luormeter, since this connector is olso
Ponel Meter reods below 20/o of lull scole, sensiiivitv will required for powcr.
moy be ordered os Telemetry Connecio., Fmoie,
be increosed until the Ponel Meter reqds over 20o/o of fvll -Sqog-s
scole, or the 31.6 ronge is selected. lf the ponel Meter
l0-006.
reods off scole, the ronge chosen will odvonce ihrough in_
While one is o mole, ond the oiher o femole conncctor _ thc
creosing sensitivities, then return to MIN SENS. off lf pin connections for felemetry ore identicol, os is the
scole on MtN SENS, it will remoin there,
circuiiry.
There is o 4 - second deloy between dte ronge ond the nexf- For power wiring, see Section 1.3, obove. pins B, C, D ond
E ore involved-
When this control is in the MAN posiiion, ronges or€
chonqed
gly by using the STEP swirch. When the STEiswirch is Pin A; Frome ground. This pin moy be used to ground thc I
depresed ond held, the instrument chonges ronges ot o rota
cose of externol ungrounded equipment, c well os
t
of four steps per second. fo provide o frome ground for the model l0-005
RANGE Field Fluormeter.
STEP switch

When depressed ond held, ihe instrument will odvonce

Pin D; Serves both os negotive D.C. power input ond os the
ronges ground return for oll TTL compotible signols.

-8-
 A TTL compotible digirol output' A " l" Pin N;' This pin supplies on onolog signol to indicote whct
Pin F; meqns
ronge fhe irstrument is on. When it is uscd, the
MIN SENS; o "0" meons ony other ronge' This out- digitol ronge signols ot pins F, G, H ond J must
put is only volid if Pin N - the onolog rsnge outPut
not be used.
is not used.
An cxtcmol lood rcsistor must be used' A G'l volt
Pin G; Like Pin F, excepto "1" meonsX3'16ond o "0" recorder sensitivity is theTiximum full scolc ronge
b meon3 ony other ronge. recommended.

Pin H; Like Pin F, except o "l" meons XlO ond o "0"

lf o 0-l volt recorder chonnel is ovoiloble, connect
medns ony other ronge' o 1000 ohm resistor frm Pin N to Pin L, ond connect
the recorder ocross the resistor' Expect the
Pin J; Like Pin F, except o "l" mans X3l '6 and o "0" following outPut:
m€ons ony othcr ronge.
MIN SENS OV
Pin K; A TTL compotible digitol outPut. A "0" mesrs on X3.16 0.4v
scole; o "1" meonc off scole. XlO 0-7v
X31.6 Iv
Pin L; Prccision ground. This is ?he gnound return for
onolog outPuts. Be coreful not to ground this pin For lower ronge recorders connect o resistor frm
externolly, c "ground loopc" con couse significont Pin N to Pin L, ond connect the recordar ocross thc
crrors in the onolog outPut. For bast resulfs, o resistor, os follws:
rccotder e1 {/D cmvcrter used with the model l0
sgrics fluormeter should hove o floofing (ungrondcd) 0 - 100 millivolts - use 75 ohms
inPut omPlifier. O - l0 millivolts - use 7.5 olrns
0 - I millivolts - use 0'75 ohms
Pin lvb Anolog sigrnol cx,tPut. 0 to +5 volts D'C' represents
zero to full scole. lnfernol impedonce is 3900 ohms' A current recorder moy bc connectcd up precisely os
dcscribed for Pin M obove - except stort ot Pin l'i
To use with vorious cornmon millivolt recordere insteod of Pin M, of course.
connect o resistor with the following volues frm
Pin M to Pin L., ond connect the recorder ocross fhe This pin moy olso be used for rcmote ronge selection'
resistor: An extemoi momentory switch which opplies +l I to
+16 volts to pin N will operote in lhe some monner
0-l volt - use 1000 ohms os the RANdE STEP swirch. See porogroph 2'2'4
0-100 millivolts - use 82 ohms of this monrol. Current droin is obout ten milliom-
0-10 millivolts - use 8.2 ohms
Peres.
0-l millivolts - use 0.82 ohms

A singlepole double throw switch should be used, with

lf your reconder does not hwe o spon control, it the orm going to pin N, the normolly oPen contoct to
wiil be nccessory to dEiist thesc resistonce volues, +I I to +16 volts, ond the normolly closed conioct to
so ihot fhe rccorder ond the frot ponel meter lhe ronge reconder chonnel, so lhot Power does not
"trock" . get opplied to the recotder.

Mqt cunent recorders do nol hove spon controls' Pin P; Not used.
Therefce, it is recommended thot o poteniimeter
be used for this PUrPose' lts CCW leod is hooked Pin R; Not wed, but internollY grounded.
to Pin M. iEJslidergos b;fixed resistor. The
fixed resistor goes to the positive recorder terminol ' Pin S; A TTL cmpotible digitol output. A "l" meons ihe
The negotive recorder terminol goe to Pin L. os
Xl - XIOO knob is in the Xl position. A "0"
follows: mons it is in the X100 Position.

0 -I milliompere - o 2500 ohm Potentiorn€ter only,

Pin T; Positive 5 vsl15. This reguloted voltoge is reserved for
slider to reconder.
occesories. Moximum svoiloble currenf is 100 milliom'
peres. Retum should be mode to pin D, not to pin L,
0 - 100 micrmmperes - 25,000 ohm potentiorneter
unless specified on the occessory.
ono o 33,000 ohm resistor'

sEcTtoN 3 OPERATION

3.I SET UP
3.1.3 Power Source ond Worm-uP

3.1.1 Somple sYstem Connect the instrument to on oppropriote Power source os

3.1.2 Filter ond Light Source detoiled in Section 1.3 of this monuol'
3.1.3 Power ond worm-up
Turn ihe instrument on.
3.1.1 Somple System
For mosi opplicotions, o wom-uP time of five minutes is
The instrument, os shipped, hc the High-Volume, Continuous- odequote. For some opplicotions where. highest occurocy is
Flow Cuvette Sysiem insiolled ond reody for operotion. ..quired, o longer wom-uP time, to.ollow the temperoturc
oi the opticol filtea to slobilize, will be required' Plece
refer to the Filter Selection Guide ot fhe cnd of this monuol
for detoils.
lf you wish to use one of the other cuvette odoptor, it should
be instolled ot this You will find instructims for qll
time' 3.2 CALIBMTION
occegsories shipped wiih your order ot the end of fhis monuol'
3.2.1 Stondords

J 3.1.2 Filter ond Light Source 3-2.2

3.2.3
Hondling cmsiderotions
Continuous Flow SYstems
lnstoll these itms o detoiled in Section 1.5 of this monuol' 3.2.4 Setting the Sensitivity knob
3.2.5 WhY X3.16?
For speciol opplicotions, pleose contoct the foctory regording 3.2.6 Precision of the Ronge MultiPlieF
oppropriote filters qnd light sources. 3.2.7 Cqlibrotion
-9-
 Where blonk is to be subtrocted, this knob must be sct so thol
Stondonds the hiqher sensitivity ronges of the irstrument ore uscd - for
onlv i these ronges con o lorger blonk be subtrocted'
q concentrotion of the
Normolly, your stondord will be known
to quontitote' For flow rote meosure- up procedure which ollows outomofic rongc chonge
."t"iiol'*hi"h you plon
be needed'
fm ,.t
.lnir, oboolut"'concentrotion will not' ishowever'
oll thot is required'
over the iorgest possible dynomic ronge, ond olso cllows
suppresion of high BLANKS, is os follow:
:i
;;;. dilutim of ihe dye to be used

The concenfrotion should be low enough so

thot very little of Unlock thc BLANK knob, ond set it full cq.rntcr-
ift. .t"iii^n flnf* is obsorbed by the fluorescent,mqieriol ' will clockwise (CCW)-
When this condition is met, the reoding
of the fluormefer 2. Unlock the SPAN knob ond set it threc turns CCW
;i;;;;i;;t. oropo*ionol to concentrotion' lf vou wish frm its clckwise (CW) stoP.
a ip"-t ot high". concentrotions, severol stondords should ? Decide on the most sensitive ronge which you wish
f. ,t.a, so o colibrqtion curue moy be prepored' to use. For exomple, you might wish full scola
to be three ports Per billion of Rhodqnine WT'
be used-f.or concen- Note the concentrotion of your stondord' For
For exomple, o colibrotion curve should 4.
trotions of Rhodomine WT obove
ports per million octive
0'l exomple, we will consider use of 100 Parfs Per
insr"di"nt. This corresponds to 0'5 ports per.million. billion (0.1 ports Per millim) of Rhodminc WT,
Rhodomine WT concentrote, since
it is normolly supplied os os o stondord .
o 2096 oqueous solution' 3. irr. the AUTO-A'iAN switch to MAN' Turn thc
Xl - Xl0O control to Xl00- Depress the STEP
moferiol is exireme' switch until the MIN SENS ronge light corncs on'
F
When the concentrqtis of fluoresceni
decreose to neor-zero os
reodings will flotien out ond then t
noted during the Note thot the MIN SENS ronge is 3I '6 iimcs less
concentrotion goes uP' This effect is often
;.dy;h;.. oicircuiotion studies in U"n 94 horbors' ond sensitive thon the X3l '6 ronge - so your IOO ll9
will introduce errors, where moss bolonie is being checked' .Lia."a should rcod neorly full scolc on th€ {!N
for full
ilv"" trtp." such on effect' toke o few "grob" somples SENS ronge, if ihree ports per billion reods
diiuting into fhe lineor ronge' to check' scole on the X3l '6 ronge'
6. i*"* yow stondord, ond odiu-st the Sensitivity knob
A blonk must olso be ovoiloble' This is the some moteriol in until the Ponel Meter rcods l0 on the uPPer scole'
*ti.i tt'. stondord (ond the unknowns) is dissolved' but with See Figure 3.
none of the moferiol of interest prsent'
To odiust this knob; (t) Loosen the clomp screv
'1.2 HondlingConsiderotions whi.li clomps the vernier orm to the shoft' lt is iust
left of ond qbove the knob' (2) Loosen the round
lvlost fluorescent moteriols hove foirly high iemperoture knurled vernier locking nut' (3) Set the vcrnia
coefficients. For exomple, the temperoture coefficient
of ,".e* ,.til the vemieiqm is obout in the middle of
ff uorescence of Rhodomine WT .is -.2'6"{,!^while
thot of ii.i-".t' Tum the knob until the desired reoding is
chlorophyll extrocfs is rePorted to be -'J%/ L' obtoined, oPProximotelY'

For this reoson, the stondond, the blonk ond

the unknowrc Now, Tighten the clomp screw' (2) Set tothc
(l)
should oll be held ot the some temPeroture'

Remember thdt you ore working in the ports per billion

thot on-eff ects. on-the.somple
or
7.
desired reoding
the vernier

Insert your
with the vernier screw' (3) Tighten
leking nut'
blonk' Advonce to the X3l '6 ronge'
$,
ir; I lion .o.g., Lnd odsorpti -

contoiner con smetimes be o prcblem '-

The Rhodomine dyes' irpp.*;f'; blonk, bv turnins the BLANK knob'
gloss' but ore
t* ""oiptu, ore quite stoble in borosilicoteplostic tubing' blmk' then it is urduly
t.piiiy t!..*a from solution by soft vinyl lf you connot suppress the
be
hi9h, ond o lower colibrotion semitivity should
- i.e., l0 ports per billion' full scole insteod
2.3 Continuous Flow SYstems used
of three, for exomPle'
The | 0-020 Hi gh-Volume Continuous-Flow Cuvette System
the some colibrotion blonk moy be eosily suppressed' o higher.sensiti-
..J ift" fO-OZ7 Cuvette Adoptor Kit hove woy to coli-
lf the
ioo"r- ft you hove this ottochment' the eciest AdoPior vity moy be used, if yo wish'- but eveniudlly
be to instoll the l0-027 Cuvette
Kit' excursion of the Ponel Meter
b.ot..oy *ell "n;ise"'or rondom
Cuvette System' needle will becme excesive'
colibrote, then instoll the Continuous-Flow

srrlsl { s F q=r g+":l##:! When blonk is high, os it often is with the contin-
IIe.g,eS
Mil[-i'ilFFo.eP-you remove ii' See porogropn t ': uous-flow nephelometry ottochment, or when
fluorescence meosurements requiring excitotion
in
ond replocement of fhe Excitotion Filter
frm iis' ihe ultroviolet ore mode on oltemolive Procedure I
Removol
' cqlibrotion olso' since some filfers chonge
will sove time:
holder moy offect
;i;'"'i'#';;;i"tion' nuplo"tt"nt of the -whole osemblv A

will not offect colibrotion' See porogroph l 'J'l' l. Unlock the BLANK knob ond set it full *
3
clockwise (CW).
system so thot
The idml instollotion would hqve o volving *
pumped through the Unlock the SPAN knob ond set it three
tums
stondord, blonk ond unknown could be 2.
o meqro of
fluo.omeier in identicol foshibn' ond include counter clockwise (CCW) from its CW stop' {
flow, to conserye on somple ond blonk use'
siopping
3. Tum the AUTO-MAN switch to lvlAN' Turn
Accurote colibrqtion con olso be mode by setting
uP so thot
fhe Xl - Xl00 control to XI00' Depress t
the continuous flow cuvette moy be poured
full of the stondord the STEP switch until the X3l '6 ronge light
course' to $
ond blqnk. Severol flushings ore required'.of comes on.
To insure com-
eliminote qny troce of th! preceeding somple'
pi.,l fifi;.g'.t the cuvette withoui hoving ony lorge bubbles
4. Inseri Your blonk'
{
(intoke) fitting'
tropp.d, it is besr to fill through the lower

t
' 5. Adiust the Sensitivity knob until lh: t:l"t
the- J
3.2.4 Seiting the Sensitiviiy knob' goes o little below zero' Now' bring
meter bock to zero, by iuming the BLANK
This knob sets the bosic sensitivity of the fluormeter to both
somPle ond blonk'
knob.
{
Your instrument is now odiusted to the moximum I

criticol, if fl.uorescent blonk is low' or if for blonr

Its seiting is not sensitivity which permits supression of the I

ro- oppii.otlons, it is desiroble to meosure the totol to zero.

itror.r".n." of the ,otpl", withouf subtrqcting ihe blonk'
l0 -
 You mov colibrqte for direct reoding in
concen- 3.2.7 Colibrotion
sensitiviiy
i. l.r.n c blonk solution ond select ihe highest
t-tion l,t only by decreosing sens-ifivity ronge which You Plon to use'
(tuming the SensitivitY knob CCW)' the
Unlock ond then odiust thc BLANK knobuntil
Ponel
2.
When blonk is noi o problem
qnd it is not necessory to lvleter reods zero' Lock thc ELANK knob'
tn9e:'1ou
hove o spacific concentration on o epecific
may wish to odiust the instrument for moximum urcote 3. lnscrt o stondord solution, ond select thc oppropriote
sensitivitY:
ronge for it'
the Porcl
l. Unlock the BI'ANK knob ond set it full 4. Unlock ond then odiust the SPAN knob until
Arleter reods os desired' Lck the SPAN
knob'
counter clockwise (CCW),
high conccntrotions'
knob ond set it three tums
Note: lf you wish to usc thc instrumcnt ot
2. Unlock the SPAN conccntroiion quenching will couse
non-lincority' ond
CCW from its clockwise (CW) sroP' cil'vu tu"i be prcpored' As o rule - of -
- o colibrotion
be checked fot concentrotiom
thumb, linccity shold
3. Tum the AUTO-^ AN switch io lvlAN' Tum
figt'ti't'on O't'po* pcr millim' withthc mm l0-020
the Xl - Xl00 control to Xl00' Depress the
H'f,h-Vol"" Continuous-Flow or 25 x lO0
cuv€tt's'
rcnge light comes see instructiors fc thcm' ot
STEP switch until the X3l '6 thc cnd
For othcr
on. "'""i*'
of this monuol '
4. Inserf Your blont' 3.3 OPERATION

meter 3.3.1 AUTO or lvlAN oPcrotion?

5. Tum the Sensltivity knob CW until.the
flucfuotion is fhe mqimum Yo wish to 3.3.2 Doto reduction
tolerote - normolly, overoge excursions of 3.3.3 Noisc
obout l% of full scole'
3.3.4 Wqrm'uP drift
3.3.1 AUTO or lvlAN oPerotion?
You moy cqlibrote for direci reoding in cm-
centrotion but only by decrecing scnsitivity When the instrument is used in the lobcotory on individuol
lviAN position
(tuming the Sensitivity knob CCW)' *.ilo o. in the field on "grob" scrnples' ther
;;ii;;bi; ; u*i' rr'iJi' be'ouie removins thc lisht
rcoding'^ond ob'scncc of
shicld will n"ntto'if "o'* ofi-scole
CAUTIONI On rore occossio* - o4 w-ith
rqte-irttrumenis
. ,..pf . *iilgtn"'!tty cousc r€ding betow 20% of full
L0, :t is pcsible to sei the se-rsilivi! knob too Both of tnese Jonairions will couse
the outo ronging
6;;t To check' scole.
for clockwise, *ittto'iig"iins excessiv.e 'inoise" ' the sYstem to seorch out o new ronge'
clockwise' set
tum the BLANK -nt-i full conter
ronge' lrstoll o you
Xl - X'IOO kn"U t" iiOO ond select rhe XlO lf, however, your somples vory widely in concentrotim'
,.tpf ttt"t i-lt I 'ii ;; tttt io*t' meterreod l0 'on the upper
Then select
" -6 ronge' fhe meter must nw
scole
*ov fid it ecier t l"o"t th; instrument inforthc AUTO
you'
rhe X3I ond let it find the coffect ronge
scole. "Jti-'
for
counter clockwise The AUTO poeition will be po*iculorly -odvontogeous
$ lf nol, the Seruitivity control must b€ turned unottended scrvice where *id" tongo
of concentrotim ore
condition is met'
until the obove encountered on confinuous flow somples'
3.3.2 Doto reduction
3.2.5 WhY X3.16? moy be
When colibroted os described obove' concentrotions
3'16 is rhe reod directly, witi due regord to the
decimol point' Whcn
.3.16 is the squdre r@t of ten' A number divided by
some os o number multiplied by 3'16 -
except fc the locotion to.y rotple. ore to be reod over o wide ronge of conccntro-
mcry help
of ihe decimol Point' tions, toking doto in row form for loter rcduction
..dr.e .,.oo' For excnple Xl0L 2'l or X3U9'7 might meon

Referring to the Ponel Meter on your instrument'

note thot the XIO ,ong", lower scole reods 2'l or X3'16 upper:cole reods

two scoles ore in the rotio of 3' I 6:l ' f .i,'io"ttti"tty' Sin"" it tokes oppro:<imotely-five secords
is plenty of time
for the reoding ti-"o"h its finol voiuc there
loss of
To move from one ronge to onother' it is only.necersory to to moke such o *iotion - ond it will insure ogoirst
to
qlternqte between onJ scolt ond onother' with due regord doto.
is set to
the decimol point' For exomple' if the inslrument
doto on high conceniro-
red l0 for 0'l ports ptt till'ion'on the MIN SENS ronge' '03 This some scheme moy be used to toke
of the instrumeni'
Ports Per million will reod 3 on the MIN SENS ronge (on the tions, which go into the non-lineor ronge
ond require the use of o colibrotim
curve'
'rppur
r"ol") ona S'O * the X3'16 ronge (on the lower scole)'
ln similor foshion, if the insfrument is set to reod
3'0 for
per tiilion on the MIN SENS ronge-(on the lower We chose to use :g!:ry!jL multipliers - going frm MIN' SENS
O.OS po.t,
$
A nutb"' of-6iiTrcustomers ore uncqnfortoble with this
s! ,"ol"j, th"n .01 ports per million will reod l '0themX3'16
the MIN
'p-'
c'hoice ond hote te'o't"d b c"*ttlttti*
-SiNS multiPlies insieod!
t "g. (on tire lower scole) ond l0'0 on ronge
t i* tl. ,Jp"i scole)' Thus, the twoscoles should be used ond overmork
s
olternotely, but ore otheruise interchongeoble' lf vou would like, borrow o DYMOry lobeler
i! the front Ponel os follows:
,{
g.2.6 Precision of the Ronge MultiPliers OLD NEW

1 The ronge multiPliers ore foctory set with the

tigtr1;ou1;e
114 x3l .6 MtN. coNc.
reference filter used for the Rhodomine dyc io
! lYo' tt yd xl0 x3.1 6
f hove ordered the Rhodomine filters' or the Rhodomine
ond xl0
i 3 orher filtes- lf you hove ordered filters for.other
moteriols
x3.16
MIN SENS X3I .6
only, the instrument *ill be colibroted for these oiher
filtes' xl - xl00 xl00 - xl

*, .{I lf colibroted on the Rhodomine light source ond.filters errors '

Now, the product of meter reoding ond ihe concentrotiq

Ji
l .r nr*t * !4/" moy occur with the Chlorophyll light source
onifil,.*. Field odlustment moy be mode' See Section
1.1.3 of this monuol. 3.3.3
multi plier wi

Noise
| | yield concentrotion directly'

io^, in high
Cqlibrotion is mode using qn externol digitol voltmete.r' | -/o lf unexpectedly high meter motion occuc' especiolly l
due to the -
ovoid the cumulotive error which would exist ilr;l;li;;r;"t'- hlve potience, ond refer to Section '6'5'
Ponel lvleier'
liirit ,"otu lineoritv specificotion of the
ll -
 ___,

e
d
;r:
ffo< E2*
=
LLI
&
U
tJ,

(J E
tJl llJ

o
(J
e.
ut
r=
J
f
=
o
F
o
E
o-

e
E-
z
rk o
9; Eco
aP
=> Ya
T9 .o
sg t2
HH 'i.

co
l
E
9
Lu
z
o *--
og
TTut
=
e.
IU
:sF
J--

Zi gp.ff
=oz ;84
'io-
Uoo
L
.O

(r)
X

E
ll,
T
tt,

=
\Z
U
,o
IoE trl
=
d
'J P=5 U
VI
od

LLI
=
d.
U
ttl
Figure 4. Moin Frome AssemblY
14
-ll-
 The instrument is protected ogoinst domoge frm formotion of
condensote on its electronic cmPonents. Just oPerote ii on
the Xl00 setting of the Xl - Xl00 cmtrol, ond with the
X3l .6 ronge selected. Operotion will be nomol in l5 - 20
minuts.
Exces mercury in the lomp will normolly condense out in fhe
coldest point - the bottom, lf, during shipment, o droplet
is dislodged ond settles between the two rings of block tope
on the lomp, o slow drift over mony hours will be noted,
os the droplet evoporotes ond refoms in the bottom.

F
7 Occosionolly, on first tum-on, ofter shipment, o lomp will This effect moy be eliminoied by removing the lomp ond
"spirol", cousing the reoding to vory in o definite pottem' topping it, to dislodge the mercury.
To cure, tum the instrument off for o few seconds, then tum
on ogoin. ins?rumenf hc been colibroted before shipment, the
lf the
lomp must be reinstqlled in its' originol position. See
3,3.,f Wom-uo drift.
porogroph 1.5.2'
sEcTtoN 4 SERVIC E

/I..I WARMNTY porticulor ottention poid to the defect you hove

noted .
TURNER DESIGNS worronts its model l0 series fluorometers
ond occessories to be free frm defects in moieriols ond work- 4.2.2 Out-of-worronty Seruice
' monship under nomol use ond seruice for o period of one yeor
frm the time of iniiiol purchose, with the following Proceed exoctly os for Worronty Service, obove' lf our service
/esfri ctions: deportment con cist you by phone or correspondence, we will
be glod to, ot no chorge,
t. The instrument (ond occessories) must be instolled,
powered ond operoted in cmplioiGwith the directions Reooir service will be billed on o bosis of iime ond moieriols.
in this Operoting ond Seruice Monuol (ond directions A cmplete siqtement of time spent qnd moteriols used will b€
occmponying the occesories). supplied. Shipment to TURNER DESIGNS should be prepoid.
Your bill will include return shipm€nt freight chorges'
2. Domoge incurred in shipping is not covered,
4.2.3 RoutineOverhoul,
3. Dmoge resuliing from meqsurment of somples found to be
incmpotible with ihe moteriols used in the somple system TURNER DESIGNS offers o routine overhoul service, which
is not covered. moy prove to be porticulorly odvontogeous to customers who
use their inslruments under unusuolly severe conditions.
1. Domoge resulting from contoct with corrosive mqteriols or
ofmosphere is not covered. The instrument will be overhouled ond cmpletely t*ted to
the performonce (but not oppeoronce) specificotions existent
5. Domoge frcm seq woter ond other moderotely corrosive ot ihe time ihe instrumeni wc fiat shipped.
moteriols which ore not PrmPtly removed from the instru-
ment is not covered. The chorge for this overhqul will beTo/o of the list price of the
equipment overhquled ot the time of the overhoul, plus the
fb 6. Domoge coused by modificotion of fhe instrument by the
customer is not covered '
price of ports used for the overhoul .

The overhouled instrument will be guoronteed qs if it were new'

4.2 OBTAINING SERVICE excepi the worronty sholl be for six monihs only, ond sholl be
furiher limited to lqbor ond to those ports reploced ot the time
4.2.1 Worronty Servi ce of the overhoul only. Originol Ports ore not covered.
4.2.2 Ovt-of-worronfy Seruice
4.2,3 Rouiine overhqul
To obtoin deioils, pleose write or phone rhe TURNER DESIGNS
4.2,1 Worronfy Service service deportmenf.

To obtoin service during the worroniy period the owner shqll

toke the following steps: 4.3 DISASSEMBLY

I. He sholl write or coll the TURNER DESIGNS Service 4.3.1 Access to electronics, model l0-000
Depqrfment ond describe os precisely os possible the nofure Rock-Mount Fluormeter.
of the problem. 4.3,2 Acces to electronics, model l0-005
Field Fluormeier
2. He sholl corry out minor odiustments or tests qs suggested 4.3.3 Removql of the Moin Frme Cover
by the Seruice Deportmenl. 4.3.4 Removol of ihe Moin Frome
4.3.5 Removol of the Photomuliiplier Covcr
3. lf proper performonce is not obtoined, he sholl ship the
4.3.6 Removql of the Posiiion Seroor PCB
instrument, prepoid, to TURNER DESIGNS, with o stqte-
ment of shipping chorges. The instrumenf will be repoired
ond returned free of chorge, olong with o check to cover 4.3.1 Access to electronics, model I0-000 Rock Mount Fluorometer.
shipping chorges to us' for oll cusfomers in the contiguous
continentol United Stotes. l. Unplug or otherwise disconnect power.

For custmere outside of the contiguous continentol 2. Disconnect the Telemetry Connector if used. Put the
United Stotes, ond who hove purchosed our equipment proieciive cop in ploce.
frm our distributors, contqcf your distributor. lf you
hove purchosed direct, contoct us. We will repoir ot no 3. lf the Continuous-Flow Cuvette Sysiem is used, disconnec
chorge, bui will not poy for shipment, documeniqtion, etc. oll plumbing ond droin it, lf one of the cuvette odoptors
These chorges wiiT-be billed ot cost. is used, remove lhe cuvette, if present.

NOTET Under no condiiions should the instrument or occessory 4, lf movnted in o rock, remove it from the rqck.
6d reiu.-*;A;6"ui noiice. Prior correspondence is ( Four screws),
* needed:
J" lf mounted in the Loborqtory Cose occesory, remove
l. iriviol one,
To insure thot the oroblem is not o the four screws thqt hold the instrumenl in ploce, then
eosily hondled in your loborotory, wiih cons€gucnt slide out until occess to fhe power ierminol strip on the
sovings io everyone. reor is obtoined. Remove the protective cover (two
7 To specificol ly delermine ihe noture of the screws). Remove the wires from the teminol strip.
problem, so thot repoir con be ropid, with (See Sec. I .3 for rewiring instructions,)

tJ -
 Just before reinstolling the Moin Fromc, tum thc Light
5. For occcssto tha Ronge MultiPlier Adiustment' remo.ve Chopper Wheel o few turro ond bc surc thot it clors
thc Top Cwer only. (Five screws qnd tour screws wtrn ihcse Holl Sensors'
nuts.)
Also, be coreful thof thc wires leoding lo thc fcod-
6. to thc rest of the electronics' romove the
For occess through terminols into the Scnplc Cmportmcnt poss
Eottom Cover. lFi"" ond four-screw with nuts)'
outside of the spocen neor them - so thot thcy orc
Thcn removc ond fold '"t"*'
bock the Reor Ponel ' (Six screws
owcY from the Light ChoPPcr Whccl' i
ond nuts).
4.3.5 Removol of the Photornultiplier Covcr'
1.3.2 Acccss to clcclronics, model l0-005 Field Fluorometer'
Remove the thrce screws thot fcten the Photo'nultiplier Covcr {
Put the protective a
l. Disconnect fhe Telemetry Connector' to the two brockcts csocioted with it'
Notc thot thcrc is m I
cop in Ploce' occess hole which ollows you to reoch
thc upper scrcw; I
full the Photomultiplier Cover off' 5

2. lf the Continuous-Flow Cuvette Sysiem is used !

disconncct oll plumbing ond droin it' I
cAUTroNr p*#F.#n!*-F,,I ;l"j'ipF;i r'l-*
lf one of the cuvctte odoptors is used' remove the leote Ul02'
op".o'tio*l onrplifier' ,See
Figure l8.to
cuvette, if Present' o fecd-
lities to the Photomultiplier onode wire-throgh
ond io o
qround the periphery of the thrwgh irsulotor in the Printed Circuit.Bo<rd'
3. Remove the eighteen scrcws work on ihis cco'
lOO0i"legohm resisfor' lf you must
i.ont pon.l . lilote: When replocing th6e screws' Put one end of o ciiP leod to the ground lug reT
thcm oll in plG-very loosely before ti-ghtening
ony of 0) Ground
il" ptot*''itiptier' (2) Alter sro,ufi.rp the fa end of
for oligrunent'
*" ttip ttJ, '"on'*"i
thot thc ponel moy be moved best
thcm, so ihe.frte to the oPPcite side
but noi
Thcn tighten progiessively. until oll ore snug' "nd
of the feedthrough termirnl frorn thot on
which yoy ore
'
dmd right, for proper goskct comPrslron' working' Whtn"i"t""itts the clip leod' remove the end

the gosket ot the ieedthnough termiml first'

1. Pull the instrment out of the cce' Note thot
is glued to the cce, not the Ponel ' is criticol
'
Ihe "loy" of the photonultiplier onode lcod mechonicol
It must be ;ili; foom ruLber' lo {"tP out
Thc electronics orc now occesible' vibrotion, which couses elecfricol noise'

4.3.3 Rcmovol of the lvloin Fmme Cover'

1.3.6 Removol of the Position Sersor PCB'

l. Goin occe:s to the Electronics' os described in Section l. Remove the l'loin Frome Cover, See porogmph 4'3'3'
4.3.1 or 4'3'2 obove' obove.
remove
2. On the model lG'000 Rock-Mount Fluorometer' to Figure 4, remove the fw9 I!-? mounting
the left Ponel ond Left Ponel Hondle'
(Two screws)' -2. Refening
Thcre is no such ponel on the 10-005 Field
Fluormeter' ..**. o-na lotl**hto on the side of PC-2 cwoy from the
PhotomultiPlier Cover'
Rsmove one screw, lockwosher ond n:t
which fosten
3. 3. Remove the three flbt heod screws which ho-ld
th€ Ronge
thc rcor of the center printed circuit boord to o brockci
Selector Step Motor Asembly fo the iloin
Frome' They
on the lv{oin Frome Cover' from the tof of tie insirument' when it is in its normol
enter
which fosten oPeroting Position'
1. Remove two screws, lockwchere.ond.nuts
on the Moin
the reor printed circuit boord to brockets 4. The entire csembly of fhe Ronge Selector Step
Moiorond
Frome Cover' Position Sensor eCb toy now be slipped towonds the Photo-
fosten multiPlier Cover qnd folded out'
5. Remove three screws ond one lockwosher.which
to the
the heot sink on the rmr printed circuit boord Rotote the Siep Motor by depressing ond releosing
the
bock' 5.
Right Ponel ' Fold the Printed Circuit Bmnd motc solenoid, untit you con get occes to the set screw
in
lt theMognetic Hub, between rhe PCB.ond the Step lilotor'
Note: When reossembling' don't forget the lockwosher' screw, then remove the hub'
:- grounding of the heqt sink' Remove the set
inru'"' ptoptt d""t'i"ol
obove ond two 5. The Position Sensor PCB moy now be releosed by removing
6. Remove two screws qnd one lockwosher
the one remoining mounting screw ond lockwcher'
screw below the Moin Frome Cover' lt moy
now be
rmoved. 7. When re-insfolling, it is necesory thot the lvlognetic Hub

be correctly p*itio*a with respect to the Aiteruotor Wheel'

Note:When reossembling, put oll screws in ploce lmely'
:'b.for. tightening-ony of them' to ensure proper olignment' lvlotor
Reossemble ihe Posiiion Sercor PCB to the Step -with
Remember tie lo-ckwcher which insures
electricol of the
ore screw ono loclwosher, centering it on ihe shoft
grounding' Be sure you don'i pinch ony
wirs'
Step Motor.

Rcmovol of the Moin Frome' Rotote the Step Motor (see step 5) until the
Altenuotor
1.3.1
Wheel withoui o neutrol gloss filter is under ihe Holl
Sercor
Remove the Moin Frome Cover
qs described in Section
I. morked X31.6.
4.3.3 obove'
Rotote the Mognetic Hub until the mognet poinh to the Holl
front qnd ot until
2. Ploce the imtrument on o podded work surfoce' S.nro. torkui"MlN-NO FILTER' Position in
the centet
Ponel down' the mognet is ot the some height obove the PCB os
screw
of the Holl Seroor body' Reploce ond tighten the set
3' Referringto Figure 4' locote fhree screws ond one screw which secures it'
ond lockwoshei in the four corners of the Moin Frome'

4.
Rmove them .

The Mqin Frome moy now be folded bock' complefe' 4.4

8. Reirotqll by reversing steps

MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT

I- 4 obove'
f
4.4.1 Generol, mointenonce
Note: 8e very coreful not to bend the Holl Seroon which 4.4.2 Generol, Adiustments
extend behind the Light Chopper Wheel ' on rhe Light 4.4.3 Ronge multiplier odiustments
ChoPPer Position PCB'
t1
 t
I The Xl00 trimmer is ot the reor of this some.printed
l 4.4.1 Generol, mointenonce' ii..rit b"ond, iust below center' (R446)' The zero
imertion otil;ii", trimmer is directly obove it'
The only routine moinfenonce
required is in connection with (R440). They ore occessible through the reor'
ond
Sysiem'
the cleonlin* oi'tl" ilntin'"'s'- Flow Cuvette
desiccotor' See Section I '4 of this
x ,.if of the 2. Instqll the lighi source ond filters for the new
"t**t
t,r monuol '
qnd the
procedure.

' Light- Chopper'Motor

The only moving Ports ore the
The
I ond rcquire no 3. Connect the DVM to the telmetry connector' .
lubricotcd'
Ronge Seleclor' Eti o" lifetime negotive leod goes to Pin L' The positive leod
goes

moi ntenonce ' to-Pin M. There should be no other equipment

i hooked to these Pins'
{ 1.1.2 Generol, Adiustments'
I 1. Apply power io the insfrument' ond let it worm uP
in the entire
* There ore only six electricol odi$tments for ot leost ten minutes'
I
iGtrument' Otlt tftt p"otpiifio' offset'odiustment-'' lt
ore
{ requires setting ;;i ;il^ cmPonenk in the preomplificr
Procedure:
i ;i;;:- see- seciion 5'7 for detoils'

Note: This procedure musi be done in the following

TheotherfiveoretheRongemuItip|iertrimmers(fwr)ondthe ofoer.
in Sectim
2ero lmertion Amplifier offset (one) discuscd
4.4.3, below' *n"
l. Turn the Sensitivitv knob' the BLAN.* 9:1,:t'
multiplier odiustment' SPAN knobs oll full conter-clockwrse \!LYY,t'
1.1.3 Ronge

2. Select the MIN SENS ronge' ond set the

Xl - Xl0O
Generol:
knob to XI00.
to o-
Normolly, the rmge multipliers ore odiusied ' so thot the
tolerqnce of ttga' *ittt the reference
filter ond light 3' Adlust the concenirotion of your stondord
,our". u,"d with ihe Rhodomine dyes' unless your order DVM reods between 3'00 ond 4'50 volts' ^Adiust
volts'
includes filters for other opplicotim mly'
In thi: the SPAN control until -the DVM reqds 5'00
cce, the ronge multipliere will be odlusted for 1$! the stondort
oPPl i cotion ' 1. Set the Xl - Xl00 knob to Xl ' Remove
Do not put onother cuvette i n ploce '
Ronge multiplier errors of'e t9 t.11 mcy be encountered
if the instrument is used with the light source ond rr lrer 5. Adiust the zero insertion mplifier trimmer until the

for chlorophvll' insteod of Rhodomire (or Rhodcnine DV'M reods 0'0O0 volts'
on
irrteod of chlorophyll if initiolly colibroted
'chloroPhYll)' 6. Note the reoding ond polority on the-DVM.when thr
X3.16, XIO ond X3l '6 ronga o;e-se^le-cted'
lh6e
with reoding should qll be lx thon - U'uU) volrs'
Ronge multiplier error will olso be encountered
snttiol tigh't srurce ond reference fi tts cmbinotions' knob to Xl '
7. Select MIN SENS. Set the XI - Xl00
E i..t.fi ti'" stondqrd. Adiusr the Sensirivity knob
if." DVM reods obout l '58 volis' Touch up tf
These error ore sioble' ond moy be corrected for' "^tff 'l
you mqy wlsn SPAN control until the DVM reqds '581 '
However, for greotest oPerotor convenience
the t'ltipliet wlren.yo,ur opplicotion
to odiust Advonce to the X3.'t 6 ronge ' Adiust-
the X3 ' I 6
'Inge
chonges' This moy be done in the treld' the DVM reods 5'00 volis'
trimmer until

EquiPment Required: 9. Reodiust ihe Sensitivityknob until

the DVM reods
unii
i.SA volis. Touch up the SPAN control
,l.581
'I
. Digiiol voltmeter (DVM) I0'296 otcu'o"y' I0 "L"ti
the DVM reods volts'
megohms or higher input impedonce'
the Xl0 trimmt
ln Advonce io the Xl0 ronge' Adiusi
2. TelemetrY connecior' uniil the DVM reqds 5'00 volts'
Cuvette odopior' either for 25 x 100 mm cuvettes Reodiust the Sensiiivity knob until
the DVM reods
3. lt.
or 13 x l00 cuvettes' i.sg volts' Touch up ihe SPAN control unt
"l.ri
the DVM reods 1.581 volts'

4. A somple of o moteriol to which ihe instrument is the X3l '6

12, Advqnce to the X3l '6 ronge' Adiust
s"*ititt. when the instrument is equipped with frimmer until the DVM reods 5'00 volts'
filters for your opplicotion' Fr exomple'
Rhodomine WT moy be used iroteod of chloropyll' the DVM reods
13. Reodiusi the Sensitivity knob until
wnich is quite unstoble '
r.Sg volts' Touch up the SPAN conirol un
"i"ri
the DVM reods I.581 volts'
The concentrotion of this moteriol will be odiusted
qs described in the following procedure' 14. Advonce to the MIN SENS ronge'. Sei the
Xl - Xl0O knob to Xl00' Woit oboui 45 seconos'
Sei UP: ti...airu the Xl00 trimmer (R4'16) until ihe DVN
reods 5.00 volts'
I . Referring to Section 4'3'l or 4'3'2 qs opplicoble '
get qccess to the ronge multiplier lrimmetr ond the This concludes ihe od!usiment procedure'
Remove
Remove pow'
zero insertion omplifier irimmers' the test equipment ond the cuvetfe!
ond reossemble.
X3'16, Xl0 ond X3l '6 ronge trimmers ore

r
The
tocoled on the center printed circuii boond' ot the Note the type of light source' reference
filter on
q top ond neor the frcnt ponel ' The X3 ' 1 6 trimmer is stondord used ond the dote this P-rocedure
wos
't the forthest one bock' The XlO trimmer is in the corried ouf, on the front Poge ot thrs
monuor '
center. The X3l '6 trimmer is in froni'
l-;-"

SECTION 5 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

-
The net result is o current flow, i.,
ot the cothode of thc
5.I SYSTEM
Photmultiplier which moy be stoted mofhemoticolly os:
5.1.I Fluorcscence
5.1.2 Excitstion 0) iF= L (Kl cp * K2 ct)+ id
5.1.3 Emissim
5.1,4 Refcrcnce Light where: L is the intensity of the light source. Kt ond
5.1 '5 Light ChoPPing Seguence K2 ore constonb which depend on filtci
5.1.6 ComPutotion choice, pmpcrties of the fluorcsccnt motcriols
5.1.7 Acccss to OPticol Elements pr€sent, prcperties of thc lighr source,
properties of the photmultiplier ond the
5.1.1 Fluqcsccnce geometry of the somPle sYstem.

A fluorcscent molecule hos the obility to obsorb light ot one Cr is the concentrotion of the moteriol under study.
wwclcngth ond olmost instontly mit light ot o new ond longcr
wovclcngth. Cl is the concentrotion of interfering moteriols.

thc colot of thc cmitted light (or more scientificolly, its
mision specfrum) is independent of the excitotion wwelength
choeon.
Thc intcnsity of thc cmitted light dcpends on the,number of
ohotons of liqht which the fluorecent moteriol obsorbs per unit
(l) ProPor-
of timc. Th,Js, the intensity of the emitted light is
timol to the intmsity of the exciting light, (2) proportionol
to thc concentrotion of the fluorescent moteriol present' ond
(3) hc o chqrocteristic excitotion sPectrum' which moy be
i.iotcd to the obsorption sPectrum, os meosured wiih o
rpcctroPhotmeier.
i6 is "dork current".
5.1.,t Reference Light. Se Figure 5.
A selected bond of wovelengths frorn the Light Source is
chosen by the Reference Filts ond polaized in o plorc
deperdont on the pcitions of the Sensitivity Control. The
plore of this polcized light moy be vcied from horizontol
(conhol CCW) to verticol (control CW). A second polorizer.
which posses horizontolly polorized light, is moonted on the
Forwcd Light pipe. As the Sensifivity Control is turrcd, the
light which pses through the second polcizer (ihe reference
beom) thus vcies over o wide ronge of infensify.

5.1 .2 &citotion. Sce Figure 5. The reference light next (l) g@s through o filtir which
ironsmiis oooroximotelv I% of the light, if the Xl - Xl00 knob
Thc wovclcngth of the exciting light which folls on the Somple isorXl00''or(2) directlyon, if theXl -Xl00knobisof Xl'
is sct by thc choicc of the Light Source ond the Excitotion
Filtcr. This wovclcngth is choeen (l) for strong obaorption by The reference light continues through the Fomond Light Pipc,
thc motcriol undcr study, ond (2) for minimol oboorption by ony ond the Light Chopper to the Attenudtor Wheel where it ogoin
intcrfcring fluorcsccnt moteriols which moy be present' is ottenuoted by filters, depending on the ronge of sensitivity
selected. The tronsmission of these filten is opprcximolely
5.1.3 Emision. See Figure 5. 0) 100"/., in the MIN SENS position (2) 31 .6% in the
X3.16 position (3) l00/6 in the X]0 position ond (1) 3'16V"
The Somple cmits light proporiionol to the concentrotion of in the X3l '6 Position.
fluoresceni moteriol present, ond proportionol to the intensity
of the exciting lighi. The reference light continues to lhe Photmultiplier, which
responds by developing o currenl flow, ip ot its cothode'
The color of this emiffed light is chorocteristic of the moteriol
bcing studied. The response of the Photomultiplier to this light
is sef by (l) the Emision Filter chosen ond (2) the sensitivity (2) iR = LK3 + id
of the Photmultiplier os o function of wovelength.
R

The choice of PhofmultiPlier ond Emission Filter is mqde so K, is q constqnt set by the properties of the Light
where:
thot (l) it responds os much os possible to the light emitted by
Source, Rlference Filter, Photomult;Plier ond setiing of thc
the moteriol under study, (2) it responds os little os possible
SensitivitY knob.
to the mission of ony inferfering fluorescent moteriols which
moy be present. (3) it responds os little c possible to ony
R is the product of ihe sensiiivity ronge selected ond the
of ihe exciting light which might be scotiered by turbidity or
reflection off of the cuvette wolls, eic. seiting of the Xl - Xl00 knob,

PHOTOMULTIPLIER REAR LIGHT PIPE

ATTENUATOR WHEEL

FORWARD LIGHT PIPE

LIGHT CHOPPER
LIGHT SOURCE
REFERENCE FILTER

r
EMtSSloN FI LTER
POLARIZER

x1 -x 100 CONTROL
SAMPLE
SENSITIVITY CONTROL
(
EXCITATION FI LTER

Figure 5. Ooticol SYsiem

16 -

-L
 5.1.5 Light Chopping Sequence. See Figure 5. Note thot the system is (l) independent of voriotion in light
output of rhe Light Source. (2) Independent of dork currcnt'
As shown, light from the Fluorescent Smple reoches the (3) outmoticolly sets the PhoimultiPlier goin corroctly ond
Photomuliiplier, which responds by developing o cunent it. (4) subtrocts out blonk, independent of ronge chosen'
(Equotion l). As the Light Chopper continues to rototc lilht
$ il frm fhe Sonple is blockcd, ond reference light posscs on to
fhe PhotomultiPlier. lt responds by devcloping o current ip.
(Equotion 2). Next, both the light fron thc Somple ond the
5.1 .7 Acccss to Opticol Elcmants'

The bulk of the opticol clments orc locoted in the somple

reference light ore blocked ond no light reochs the Phoio- cmPortment. See Section I.5, for occess'
multiplier. lt responds by developing only dork cunent, i6' 4'3'
For occes to the remoining clements, see Section
The totol cycle time is obout 100 milliseconds (600 RPM).
5.2 ELECTRONICS SYSTEM

5.1.6 Cmputotion. 5-2.1 Generol

5.2.2 ParE Locotion ond Numbering
The minute currents ot the cothode of rhe Photmultiplier ore 5.2.3 Signol SYstem DescriPtion
omplified by the Photomulriplier ond converted to o voltoge by 5.2.4 Ronge SYstem DescriPtion
the.preomplifier.
5.2.1 Generol
The three sequentiol outputs of the premplifier moy be
Section 5.2 is on overview of how the electronics in yor
represented qs:
model l0 series fluorometerc oP€rqte.
(t) +=cL (Kl C, * K2 ct) +Gid
The following portions of the electronics ore essentiolly
(2) E_=GLK^ + Gi, independent ond discused in the referenced sections:
rJo
--:-K 5.3 +9 ond +5 VOLT POWER
5.4 LAMP ond -8 VOLT POWER
(3) E, = Gi4 5.5 LAMP HEATER

Primory power wiring is discussed in Section I '3'

whcre: G is set by the high voltoge opplicd to the Phote POWER SOURCE AND WIRING.
multiplier.
5.2.2 Poris Locotion ond Numbering
Ef i6 the output when fluorescent light reoches the
Photmultiplier. All componenh with o two-digit cqllout - ic- COI , ROl
'
ore
mountei directly on the Right Ponel, or on the Front Pmel'
E. is the outPul when reference light roches the
Photmultiplier. All components with o three-digit collout storting with o 4 -
i.e., C401, R401, ore locoted on the center printed circuit

E e multiplier.
E, is fhe otput when no light reoch* the Photo- boord.

All components with o three-digit collout storting with o 5 -

The first cmputotion corried out (in the premplifier circuitry) i.e., C501, R501, ore locoted on the reor printed circuit
is to subtrqct E, from E1 ond Er. boord.
The result is:
For occss to the obove referenced comPonents' see Section
(4) Er = GL (Kl CF + K2 Ct) 4.3.1 or Section 4.3'2 of this monuol'

(s) The bqlonce of the etectronic cmPonents moy be locoted by

Ep = GLK'
reference to Figure 4, c follows:
R

Collout Locotion
The second cmputotion is corried out by odiusting the high I xx Under PhotmultiPlier Cover
voltoge opplied to the Photomultiplier outmoticolly in such o
2xx Posifion Serror PCB
woy thot Ep is forced to equol o reference voltoge, ep. This is 3xx Light Chopper Position Sensor PCB
done in the'Photomultiplier High Voltoge Power Supply. Sub-
stituting ep for Ep, solving equotion (5) for the product GL,
ond substituting this into equqtion (4) yields: For occess io the I x x components, see Section 4.3'5 of this
monuol.
(6)
r e^R (Kl CF + K2 ct)
-v-
K
For occess to the 2 x x ond 3 x x comPonents, see Section
4.3.3 ond 4.3.6 of this monuol.

5.2.3 Signol Sysiem D*cription. See Figure 6.

The third cmPutotion is corried oui in the Blonk Insertion
Amplifier. A "blqnk" (o somple with none of the moteriol of
interest present) is ploced in the instrument. The BLANK knob
is odlusted so thot the voltoge E, equols zero. The mognitude
of this blonk subtroctim is switcted qs different ron96 ore 5.2.3. I Operotionol AmPlifiers
selected so thol regordless of the ronge chcen, the outpui Et
In ihe lqst few yeors, the developmeni of the iniegroted circuit
when only the blonk is present is zero.
operotionol omplifier hc revolutionized instrumeni design -
ond mode your model I0 fluorometer posible.
Thus, when the BLANK knob is properly set:

e^R K, C- Ideolly, the "mogic triongle", sho*n in Figure 5, symbolizes o

r
-;-
Ktr device whose oufput voltoge, oi the opex of the triongle, is

r I
i
control, ond remembering
reloted only to the difference in voltoge ot the iwo input
temi nols.
By proper odjustment of the SPAN
thot eo is o constqni, the instrument moy be colibroted so ihot lf the + terminol is more pciiive ihon ihe - terminol, then the
the P<jiel Meter (or equipment connected to the telemetry out- ouiput will go positive by o lorge omount, ond vice veroo.
pui) reods directly in concentrotion, except for proper plocing Typicolly, the oufput voltoge will swing 100,000 times os
of the decimol . much qs lhe difference between the two input voltoges.
 MEMORY
FEEDBACK RESISTOR
PRTAMPLIFIER BLANK INSERTION AMP"
DEMODULATOR SPAN CONTROL AMP.
PHOTOMULTIPLIER
slG
TO RANGE SYSTEM
s '1
i:
.{

L
I

))
I REF

ER
TO BLANK CONTROL

SPAN CONTROL

PANEL METER

REFERENCE ERROR AMP;

REFERENCE VOLTAGE
HIGH VOLTAGE
POWER SUPPLY

Figure 6. Signol Electronics SYstm

This voltoge is the product of the rsistoncc of the

Feedbqck
.3.2 Dork Currcnt Correction' 5e Figure 6' Resistor ond the current flowing - hence the title "Currcnt
to
Voltoge Conversion" .
The light chopping sequence, os described in Section
5'l '5
of this monuol, is fluorescence - reterence - no lrgnr'
Note ihot hod ihe light frm the fluorscent somple bcen zero'
dork current would hove continued io flow, ond ihe outPut
The demodulator, shown in Figure 6 os o switch
is,octuolly on
voltoge would hove remoined ot zero' Dork currenf'
hc been
elcctronic switch. The funciion is the some os
if it were o subtrocted out'
s*ii"h, tototingsynchronosly with the light chopping sequence'
The some principol holds when thb light chopping sequence
During the period when no light reoches
the?hotomltiplier continus to reference.
uqrk
(ond t-he Demodulotor is in the Zero position)' the
ouiomoticolly odiusts the output of
Current Correction System 5.2.3.4 PholmultiPlier Gqin Sei'
the PreomPlifier to zero volts'
of on
The High Voltoge Power Supply hos oll the chorocteristics
follows: to obout
The oction of this system moy be described os operotionol omplifier - but hos the obility to PUt out uP
-]000 volts. See Section 5'8'
I Presume thot the Preomplifier outpui voltoge is
' of the Zero
slightly poeitive. This will couse the output Referring to Figure 6, it is driven bi the Reference Eror
Ofiset'Amplifier to go negotive, oi o rote set b/
ihe,size of
trom the
A.plifiJr. lf,-while the Demodulotor is in the Reference
the Memory Copocitor qnd ihe resistor leoding p*'ition, ihe ieference sisnol is l::t ?*l!,"t.tllT the Refercnce
Demodulotor to the Zero Offset Amplifier' Voltoge, o pcitive voltqge is opplied io the.High Voltoge
eo*.r-Srppiy. This couses ihe output of the High Voltoge Power
2. This ccfion will continue until the + inPuf to the Supply to go negotive' This increces the goin
of ihe Photo-
Preonplifier is qt the some voltoge os ihe - input' until it is equol
multiplier, G, increosing the Reference output
to the Reference Voltoge'
When the Demodulolor continues on to its
next
3.
(SlG) poeition, the Memory Copocitor will couse,the Zero
ond hold the + Forcing the Reference Output io equol the Reference Voltoge
Offset Amplifier to "remember'i this voltoge'
inout to the Preomplifier ot this ProPer
volue' is the second computotion described in Section 5'l '6' This
fixes the goin, G, of the Photomultiplier ot ihe proper volue'

.2.3.3 Current to Volioge Convesion' 5.2.3.5 BLANK Insertion.

The output of the photmultiplier is bosicol.ly o

current' lt is for (Sectiom 5'2'32 ond
the The dork current hos been corrected
to o voitoge oi o ielotively low impedonce by 5.2.3'3). The Photmultiplier goin hos been correctly set'
pt"..pfiff"t ond Feeibock Resistor' shown in Figure 5'
"|""*t.J (Section 5.2.3.4).
is held ot
As discused obove, the + inPut to the Preomplifier During the fluorescence (SlG) poriion of the.light chopping -
the no light portionof the light of thc
*1i o tot*g" thoiduring
Premplifier is ..ou.i.., o volloge proportionol to tha toiol.fluorecencc is
chopping sequence, tne Jutput voltoge.-of ihis ;;l; (b-oth ,otpi" iluo'*"tnce ond blqnk fluorescence)
to ihe Preomplifier is esseniiolly is.
zaro. The input current ouoiloblu ot the output of the preomplifier' This voltoga (6)'
-

zero. See Section 5.7. oiso proporrionol to'the sensitivity selected' See equotion
th€ - inPut to Section 5.1.6.
Thus, during the no light period, the voltoge ot
thc ircomplifier must be equol to the Photmultiplier dork This voltoge is smoothed by o resistor ond copocitor
ond opplicd
lurr"nt tii"" the resistonce of the Feedbock Resistor' Since 1e lls * inpui of the Blonk Insstion Amplifier'
currant flow into the Phoimultiplier, this will be o slightly
Eg'
ncAotive vol ioge. The BLANK control qllows insertion of o positive voltoge'
light from to the - input of the Blqnk Insertion Amplificr, yhi:!' yntn
Whcn the light chopping sequence continues to where properly set, comPensotes for the fluorescence ot o blonK
the PhotomuliiPlier' more
thc fluorscent smple reoches
:.i;;.;. Thi, uoitog. is olso prcportionol to the sensi.tivity
the
lurrcnt will flow into ihe PhotmultiPlier' This.couses selected, so thot when different ronges ore used, blonk
irtprt of the Promplifier to swing posiiive until the.currenr
supresion remoins correct.
floiing tht"rgh the Feedbock Reistor ogoin equols the current
flwing into the PhotomultiPlier'
-18
 NET FLUORESCENCE SIGNAL (0 TO 5 VOLTS)

RANGE LIGHTS
RANGE ANALOG OUT
RANGE DIGITAL OUT
OVERRANGE OUT
REFERENCE VOLTAGE

BLANK VOLTAGE

POStTtON ruLSES TO MOTOR

sENsoRs
J AUTO-I\AAN & STEP

Figure 7. Ronge Electronics System xl - x100

MIN SENS
(roo% T)
x3r.5 (3.16%T) xro (r0% T)

5.2.3.6 SPAN Control

next in its seciucnce, ond woit oboui four seconds fq
Po6ition
Ths Spon Control Amplifier anplifies the net fluorcccnt thing to settle down. lt will then look ot the Nat Fluor*csnt
signoi by on omount which is dependenf m fhe setting
of the
Signol ogoin, qnd behqve os obove'
SPAN control. See Sectim 5'10'
Cmsider whot hoppens when o steodily incrcosirtg fluorcsccnt
Description' See Figure 7'
5.2.4 Ronge System signol is encounteied - storting on the X3l '6 (mcimum scnsiti-
.ong.. When on overronge signol ie cncountcrcd - it will
5.2.4.1 Extemal Rcnge Systm Outputs' od"on""lh" Aitenuotor Wheel Step Motor orc position - to
"',-ty)

of MIN SENS. Since the fluorescent signol hod bean iust ovcr
The cxtcrnol outputs of the Ronge Systm ore ) indicotion
(l
full scole ond sensitivity wos decreosed by o foctor of 3l '6 thc
th€ ronge selected, on the front ponel ronge lights (2) indico- output will now be under 2Q"/oof tull scole' Undcrongc octim
tion of the ronge selected, by either onolog or TTL cmpotoble - see 5.2.4,4 will toke over, ond the irotrumcnt will odvoncc
digiiol signols ot the telemetry connector ond (3) o TTL unti I it reods 31 .60/o of ful I scqle, on the Xl 0 ronge'
compotoble digitol overronge signol ot the telemetry conneclor'
lf the Net Fluorecent Signol goes overronge on the MIN SENS
The telemetry outPuts ore described in detoil in Seciim 2'4 of posiiion, the instrument will stop there, with the Ponal Metcr
'til this mqnuol' off scole' An overronge signol will be prcsent ot thc tclemctqy
connector.
5.2.1.2 lnternol Ronge System Outputs.
5.3 +9 ond +5 VOLT POWER.
The internol outputs of the Ronge Systm ore (l) Eg, the BLANK 5.3.1 PrimorY Power.
supresion voltoge, which is ronge dependent' Se; Section 5.3.2 Ports Locotion.
5.2.3.5- (2) e6, the reference volioge for the High Voltoge 5,3.3 +5 Volt Regulotion.
Powcr Supply, *}i"h i, trimmed to precisely sei the sensitivity 5.3.4 +9 Volt Regulotion.
on eoch ionge. See Section 5.9. (3) drive io the Ronge
Selector SteP Motor. 5.3,1 Primory Power.

troroformer'
5.2.1.3 Step Motor. Primory power is derived either from the power
from on
diode'ond copocitor on the Righi Ponel' or directly
The Ronge Selector Siep Motor goes in only one direction - exiernol D'C. source' See Section l '3 for detoils'
the sequence being MIN SENS - X3'15 - Xl0 - X3l '6 -
MIN SENS, erc. 5.3.2 Ports Locotion.

5.2.1.4 Underronge Action' Allcomponents ore locoted on the rsr printed circuit boond'
See Seciion 4.3.1 or 4.3.2 lor occess ond figure 2l for
lf the Net Fluoresceni Signol goes below one volt (20% of full detoiled locoiion of ports on the printed circuit boord'
scole), the Under Ronge Anplifier outPUt goes from o posiiive
volue to o negotive volue. This logic signol is cmbined with
the output of the Position Sensor. lf the instrument is on ony 5,3.3 +5 Voli Regulotion. See Figure 8'
ronge qcePr X31 -6 (Muimum sensitiviiy) it will step foruord
to theiZiiTigher semiiivity, ond woit obout four seconds' for
things to settle down. lt will then look ot the Net Fluorescent The +5 volt regulotor is o compleiely self-contoined integrolcd
Signol ogoin, ond behove c obove. circuii, U503, which runs off of thc +9 volt line'
The result is thot if o sieodily decreosing fluorescent signol is
Output power to the resf of the instrument is vio wires 16, l7
cncountered, the sensitivity of ihe instrument will be increosed
ond l8 on the reor prinfed circuit boord. Output for occesori'
eoch time the fluorecent signol drops below 20olo of full
is olso ovoiloble ot pin T of the telemetry connector.
scqle - until the instrument is ot its moximum sensiiivity'

5.2.1.5 Overronge Action. Output voltoge is between 4.75 and 5.25, ond should not shif
more thon m! or two millivolts over the entire ronge of linc
g The voltoge ot the iunciion of Rr ond R, is one fifth of ihe Net voltoge or loqd. Drift on wdm - up will be negotivc, ond
20 mil li volis
un

Fluorascent Signol. lf the Net Fluores6'ent Signol goes over '

five volts (fult scole), the pcitive input to the Over Ronge
Amplifier exceeds the negotive input, ond its outPut goes lrm Nomol lood current is opproximotely I20 milliompercs. An
o negotive volue to o pcitive volue. This logic signol is cm- odditionql l0O milliomperes moy be drown vio pin T of the
bined with the output of the Position Sensor. lf the instrument telemetry connector.
is on ony ronge excepi MIN SENS, it will step foruord to the
t9 -
 R5ll - 825nto/o

'7:
c,.c-

,,/- D5@ I R5t2

t
\-lj Qsl2
C
:t)
RCA 40389
l8f"l l+91'1 c5t5
lOO,/t F
l6 vl
D509 tN4445 I lov

+9 ond +5 Volt Regulotor5

fot obout
f''fl::?:."cross cst,r
3000 Hr., under 0. :h":!i
*.* 0) vr.y ."*-;:
I Operoting frequen,
hch ond rine
rrequcncy .ippr.i ,.a..lo;l,i'.,ij,i, i".t; rja rorms ore *r.rr,",if]i..1ht l1T lt"
.,_.ry sguore. C50l
under lood' wwe
down. kieps swifching t.onri.it,
+9 Volt Rcgulction. See Figure g.
The outpuf is rectil,,;l,.br^?:.9:."*
The refcrcnce for the +9 volt R5t6 is o bleeder. D504 ond fittered
r is the +5 volt output, by C506.
a*"rir.a-i" t]i'"""r.i."i'"t#qtor rnustbemode;'i,.Jr'j,lT.,,l,jqfi
;#1""d#"ffi:,,;;;
Ih: +9 rott line is divided dor
*t, to 5 vott5,
The wltoge ocross C-506_with the.lomp.in
ond compored
w uss2*,rh ,-#'..:t"51 l,# obour t05 volh. The lood curent l,
or out
IU*,j
of its socket is
ii,,,irfiiompercs.
e512, which in turn drives fhe
[fl?.d.t*r series resuloror,
5.4.3 -8 Volt power. See Figure 9.
Ihe zener diode D5@ ond
R5li 3 ore required to insure
rtort up of fhe regulotors. prcper
[}i[i::i il'#:ff:ld:^'r
t
the primorv wirdins or
+s rclh' the other the
side-of the
ptito.y *ina",',ig;;:'tt
)utput voltoge is between
9.0 -9 volh-' The ocfion of Q502
'orc thon l0 millivolts o""' ond sho'uld not shift is simlior. n,, nuo".ll^*-1ly
ri ri on worm -up
-,li'
"d
;:rff ;'';r.::rr::l J'ff L.*l;:.
"to5l-'-'5 "Jojoi'.#i,ll:""J'f til?:ii?:lJitr.jf i".1'osoi
,

lormol lood current

is opproximotely two
mperes. Output voltoge, ofter
the lomp storts, is between _7.9
t,oscilloscope ocross
C5l5 shot ond _9.
(t ) Very norrow Nomol lood cunenl
, ,*..'l':l:1,
rKes or obour 3o0o
H..
,r.. uj.i p.i,.j,ffii j'f:T;:#l*,T;:,J;ryg;; g1*
l l'ffi ';",lilT. :nt;iyii,'l*i, ;, iT',.'il.'"" heored, rhe loqd currenr
,", n. .s"".,ioo"Ii,lr".o".o.
MP ond -8 VOLT POWER After the lomp is on
(r) ocross c5o4 should
'.;;;;; ;; -";J;;:^-'i::rll:'coPe
show
l.l Ports Locotion.
Converter
(2i,ip;r. 'J. ff ..:i,::y # J.fl:. J. ?' ;.,. ;;,.
i:3 3;i;,i',3;!; 5.1.4 Lomp Storf Circuit. See Figure 9.
'.4 Lomp Stort Circuit
,5 Lomp Regulotor When no current flow

Do not let light from the cleo ;:"f:gii*::'!";dryi:il',''r::I::,1"i:1"#::"-

oFfrii eyes.- Ab";;
someone wqs rubbing
;;;,;;:ff:i: ;::: lr.li"i;, i ?;S.
sond in t
,'':ff A I il, :il "' "' "'ill'i fl1y|1s throush.D5r3. DSl2-ne"eorive
Il,"r:..': octs os o
Ul;h:i",h,,-:,'.t nlft :ilT:".T:fi; ".::::I'g the.voltose or the
pon.nt. it'i. id:?lf"'"u,u"ltose' with o hisfA'c. com-
ena or
Locotion, q.; r|
:* ";"
;
;;;:,ff ;il:T#:'"d;#,T..i,h * ;
il
;omponenh ore locoted wove, soing r.o.n +i-o-d.,*jdo ir
o*he rronsfome,
on fhe circuir boord ;',,j,:T;1;'or.re i,.ru,
".Jri" ;;j*',1:':td
::l ":. o. th" nishi ,;;:i."h"'hil:'f,il,:,#:,:t. When the collector of
a595 is ot +5 y6;6, fhe network
"T;, sisiing of R504, R5O5 o-) 6c^, "-' : con_ x
;:i ::: ;: 1.."J: ffij ",:,jTJ :i.*" ;i :"':Ti : ., :
consisting .f ci5oa;;'X:'.yo
cous$ the Dorlington compound
co thode [l ower-)- tt;.i,
t'
Th i s heors the'
]" I''^Tr,l' r ;:1*
of ports on the prinred
ijliluf,l"ot'"n circuir boord, When lomp current stqrts
to flow, the following things hoppen:
to D.C. Converter. See .
Figure 9, '| Ai 1y[::,T.L i::::,*xi.liJ,;#,:1.ffi11.,
t*lo-:.. is o ferrite _ core
gs to ollow r"tr-...ir.jiLiir'u.:t'"n unit, with feedbock
sot 2
' Iff run*ions, which couse '
:^Tlstu:oted,*,,.i",, .l',1_:1il ;rl,t?lr'li
.."nsoe flii,
Jff:.;:,]:tor ^circuirdrop fo obout
see section sot,950s-.'o -30 volts. tq
of rhe voltose is coupled vio
::JlilH7"l:lins ".*r".,"1. .";d nson to esoJ'a.il-lhj'
cutiins off the power to
the lomp ,,I"r:lLatoo'
-20-
 I

| ,.r
Gil
&, rt
ra'[
4.t

F
z
z2u N
-F F.
;f N
z =
92
50
N
I
N

ou o
a sc ;1
trd 9?R
iab I
0: oiz
-N o
6
e

=I
O
o
N
I
N
6
e

x€
EZ !96 sS
a1
*
E

* p z
I

8
o
rT

r.6,,
ll N
rj € \.6)
zN /N\

!1
\F/
/a\
\a/

8c=
a@N
d€

J Fioure 9. LAMP AND -8 VOLT POWER SUPPLY

 Sa Figura 9' normol ( rm tempcroture) bce-to-mitter iunction voltogc is
5.4.5 Lcnp Rcgulotor'
0.6 volts.
Lomp current flws through R507, R509 ond returm viq Q505
lnd D5l3 to fho negotive erd of C506. When the instrument is fint tumed on, the resistoncc of R2 is
high, bccouse it is cold. Ql ond Q2 cc biccd into conduc-
Whcn thc lcnp currant is high cnough so thot thc voltogc drop tion bY RI.
ocrc l5olequols the voltogc drop ocross the Zcncr dioda,
86, rh. antput of U50l storts to cut off QJQJ - ond scts As the temperoturc riscs' the resistoncc of R2 drops. Whcn it
lhe lcnrP currcnt. is lon cnough so thot thc voltogc ot thc bosc of Ql drops to
1.2 volts (two bosc-to-ernittcr iunction voltogcs) currcnf is
Nminol running voltogcr orc (l) emittcr of Q505 -l .2 volts. rcduccd ond the temperoturc is stobilizcd.
(2) collcctor of Q{8, -30 volts (3) + ond ol C5O6, +75
rrolb. Opcroting Currcnt through the lomp is opproximotcly The opcroting temPcroturc is 55 1soc.
I l5 milliompcrcs.
5.6 LIGHT CHOPPER POSITION SENSOR
An occilloscopc from ground to tho onode (upper) end of the
lcnp will show wild ond vorioble oscillotim - often with on 5.6.1 Ports Locotion
oin;lirude.of l0 to l5 volts, P. to P' This oscillotion is 5.6.2 Light Chopper Position Senson
inhcrcnt in thc plosrno of the lomp' Since light outPui i3
dcpcndcnt m lomp currcnt, which is reguloted ond sincc tha
oecillotion fraqucncy is much higher thon the bond to which 5.6..I Ports Lcotim.
thc photmultiplicr promplifier con respond, this ccillotion
cou3at no Problems. All cmponents ore locoted on the Moin Frome Arscmbly. Sce
Figure 4.
The 2xx components ore on thc Position S:rsor
Ecfore the lonp storts, no curent con flow through P'507 ord Printcd Circuit Boord. The 3xx cmponents orc on thc Llght
1509 except thot which retums vio ihe bose to emitter iunction Chopper Position Sensq Boord.
of Q505 to U501. This is set, by the design of U50l ot
opproximctely 25 milliomperes. This coses Q505 to soturot€' 4'3'3'
For occess' see Section
The voltogc ct its emitter (ond olso its collector) is 9 volfs
less rhe voltoge drop ocross R507 ond R509 coused by the 25
For detoiled locotion of the 2XX ssies of poris on the printed
milliomPere current, or opproximotely +6 volts.
circuit boord, se Figure I9.
5.5 LAMP HEATER
5.6.2 Light Chopper Positim Sensom. See Figure I I .
5.5,.| Gencrol
5.5.2 Ports Locotion It is necessory to know when no light reoches th€ Photo-
5.5.3 Opcrotion multiplier; when Fluorscent light reoches it; ond when
Refcrcnce light reoches it. In oddition, it is neccssory thot o
5.5.1 Generol smoll deod zme be present, to insure thot no signols ore
possed during the tronsitim from one light period to onother.
Thc stobility md position of the plosno in the lomp is depen-
dent on thc vopor Prssure of mercury in the lomp, which is in
This is occomplished by three magnets, two Holl Effect mognetic
tum set by the temP€rdture of the coldest point on the
field sensom, o time deloy circuit, ond combimtionol logic.
cnvelope of the lonp.
Referring to the schemotic, Figure I I, Light Chopper Position
Since ihe lmp is verticol, this cold spot is very nwr the
Sercor Circuitry, below, the following sequence of events occus:
bottorn - so controlling the temperoture ot the bottom of the
lonp is oll thoi is required.
I . Neor the end of the reference light period, the north pole
of o mognet posses the Holl Effecf s€nsor so Positioned thof
The plcmo position shifls very little, when the cold spot
iis' output drcps briefly to o logic zero. (U302).
tcnDcroture exceeds 50oC. For this reoson, even though the
lomp fmperoture moy rise obove 50oC. on q hot doy, the
This resets both sectioro of the duol J-K flip-flop, U202 so
control point is set ot obout 55"C., ond is not criticol-
thot their outPuts ore both logic zero, ond storts the tinte
deloy U204.
5.5.2 Ports Locotion.

2. During the fime deloy, the output of U2O4 is o logic orr,

Allcomponenh ore locoted on o gnoll prinied circuit boord
whichforces the output of pirr I , 2 ord 4 of U205 to go to
behind the bottom of the lomp. See Figure 3.
o logic one.
For occass, see Section I.5.
At the end of the time deloy the output of U204 returns fo o
logic zero, ond the zeros oi piro 14 ond 15 of U205 force the
5.5.3 Oerotim Zero output ot pin I to o logic zero.

3. Neor the end of the zero light period, the souih pole of o
R3 20rI 3W mogret posses the Holl Effect seroor so pocitioned thot its'
(HEATER)
output drops briefly to o logic zero. (U301).

This signol is opplied to the clock input of both sections of

the J-K flip-flop, U202, koroferring the logic one ot the J
input of U202A to its' output, ond to the J input of the
second sectioryU202B. Ihe output of U2028 remoire ot o
logic zero,

2N 5296 The brief zero os the mognet poses the Holl Effect seroor qlso
v storts the time deloy, U204.
(THERMTSTOR)
4, During fhe iime deloy, the output of U204 is o logic ore,
which forces the oufpui of pins I , 2 ond 4 of U205 to go io o
logic one.
Figure I0. Lomp Heoter Circuit
At the end of the time deloy the outpui of U204 returrc to o
R2 is othemistor whqe resistonce decreqses c its temperoture logic zero; the zero oi pin 14 of U203 ond the one ot pin l5
increoses. Ql qnd Q2 ore boih silicon tronsistom, whce of U205 force the Signol oufput qt pin 2 to o logic zero.
a

of-U-204returrc
At the end of the time deloy the output U205 force the
l6ic zero; the ones ot pins 14 ond 15 of
* r5: ;:i;'oir* "*
S.Neortheendofthesigm||ightperiod,thesattheo|eof'
jl'; R"i.ren.e etPut ot pin 4 to o logic zero'
;.ffis#fu,'#-h *uTl':ff:f;.,*1",.ls1fi"5r:i,n"
o{ the J-K flip-flop'' U202'--'
7. Neor rhe e"d "f t:
This clocks both sectiors mognet referenced in-ste1
b"n;;;' f t" rl:.'.:"^'i:li'ilf!".:ftT ;;; t. positioned thot its' outPutdroP6 briefly
to o logtc
.l trcrsfening
""'P"
the logic on€ set uP or I
t"-, oi lhe sequence repeots itself'
oborc to its'outPut'
$j J The TTL compotcble losic
qJtPuts qrG invgf^9d t{:t{ltlttd
togtl11ft the Holl Effcct semq U40l to drivc- the Zero'
Thc bricf zcro os thc bv the quod oPon collector "frpott*'Ttrc cmporoto.r is powcred
olso storts ihc timc deloY'
U2(X' Sionol ond Refer€nce o"t*'i""t'
swing is from nsrly
from the +9 ond -8 "ott tin"''-fi"-@tPut
outout of U204 is o logic om'
6. Durirg thc tim€ d€loy' thc +9 volts to neorlY -8 volts'
which forces th€ otrtPut oipinl t' 2 ond 4 of U205 to gp to
o logic one.

u202
t2 7173

SOUTH
SENSOR
UGN3O2OT

R202
2.2K

210i

NORTH
SENSOR
UGN3O2OT

u,()l
Llt3302

t oEs TYPE GND +5 19

tJzot

-8
- 71@

c2l0
.0lpF
u204
1M556
R2l 2
u2u2 7173 4 n
r4 8.2K
7U2 6 I6
u205
? C208 - .OIPF
ruot L,v{3302
C207 - 0.1rr F

#F',rc_r###
u302

-
urot
n -*l--l-- ll L

uzu/e-----)nL- --j
I

n /r
t V
Light Chopper Position Semon
 This output is oPPlicd to Dl0l '
PREAMPLIFIER
When it is ot +9 volts, Dl0l does not conduct. Rl03 mointoins
the ggte to s@rce voltoge oi zero' Ql0l octs os o
5.7.1 Ports Locotion 350 ohn
5.7.2 Dcmodulotor resistor.
5.7.3 PrcanPlifier
i-.2 .l Z"* Offsct mplifier ond its odiutment
When it is ot -8 volts, Dl0l conducts ond rhe sotc of Ql0l
Lrcqtion is pulled rrgotive. Under these conditions Ql0l och os on
.l Ports
ooen circuit.
All componcnts orc inside thc PhotomultiPlicr
Cover' Sec

t;s; d. For occces, scc Section 4'3'5' Prooer switching oction will be moinioincd owr the rcngc of
preomplifier otputs from obout +7 volts to qbout -4 volts.
printed
Fordctailcd locotion of the IXX seriec of porh on the
circuit boond, see Figure l8'
5.7.3 Precnplifier. See Figure l2'
.2 Dcmoduloior. Sce Figure l2' The onode current to the PhotomultiPlier rongcs frffi zcro to
five nonoonperes, which dictotes use of o very high impedonce
Rcfcring to Figure 12, thc dcmoduldtor cmsists
of QI0l
' i noui elernent,
Rl04 ond Dl 0l .
A type CA3l40 MOS/FET^inpur operotioml
mplifia is ucd
is on N-chonncl iunction Ficld fffcci
Tronsistor' lf ik cunent is typicolly dout
QI0l o, ii" itp"t elemcnt (UI02)- lrput
ii.'ti*it*t.a by thc'orrow) is ot thc smc voltogc os tha l0 PicoornPeres'
i'*r.. iJ*ig".,cd'by on'S')it will bchova-os illt ilthe goro".rs
'"t:
350 ohm rcsistc, bctwecn tcrminols 5 ond
u'
olmost no current (under I no') will flow
in
itlt* ""g.ri*, D'
lt is on Tvoicolly, the gote of Ql02 runs betwecn 0'5 ond 2 volts
th.'got",i, bctwccn the ieminols morked S ond negotive with respect to the sourcc. This offsct is corcctcd
olmoet pcrfcct switch.
otihe so." time ihqt dork currcnt is correctcd. Thc systcm
f coects of this correction ore discused in Scction 5'2'3'2'
Thc output of the Zero Posiiion Signol Conditioner.is "11:t
*ii. rt is +9 volts duiins the period thot Ql0l Circuit detoils ore discussed in Scction 5'7'4'
;;;rT
tto.rta U. conducting. See Section 5'6'2'

9'47oK-5%

-- 27K
PHOTOM ULT'PLIER

R/A7 - lOOo MEqs .oyF

3vuu -., ploa Dlol- tN4416

D

To<
c lol - loo
c/42 + c/8 l+
/oo
Y6 T",it R/O3-/oon Vro.
R/02 lOOn loK

FIGURE t2 . Pe,aanett tr/FR ( PporoPluLTlPLlFR Scugq,crtc.

24-
 (e POWER SUPPLY
PHOTOMULTIPLIER HIGH VOLTAGE
SincetheilputcurrenttoUl02isrng|igibl.e,o|lonodecurrent
feed-
flow through Rl07'
to the photomultipliefmust .lnverse
scheme rct togeth€r to 5.8.1 Ports Locoiion
bock ond the dork current correction 5.8.2 D.C. io D.C. conversion
* ot zero vohs in the
forcc the regotive i'e't -Th*UfOZ to be
of 5.8.3 PhotmultiPlier Divid.r Network

i
voltoge ot the
cbacncc of a*t
the
'output
ilo'i'i, f"t""a to"'oJni'
onooe
be equol to the net photmultip,lier 5.8.1 Ports Locotion
out) time the volue of
curr€nt (with ao* ""-'1-J 'uttrocted
D'C' convertor is on the reor printcd circuit
-ff..to
Thc D.C.
RI07. ond
Wlrcn,condensotion of f.iJ. refercnce errc omplificr' dcmodulotor
Dl02 ig o speciol low-leckogc diodc' boord' Scc
performs the
this diode refercncc,*t"t o" on the ceitcr printcd.circuit
moisture occuE on tt,e p=t'-ot-Jlu|tiptier,
duol function of ptottt'ting QI02' ord
ollowing.enwgh current i..i-"1.:.ro'4'3'Zforocces'Thephotmultiplicrdiv-ider
cover' Soe Section 4'3'5
See Section I '6'5' ;;;;;;.' the phoiomultiplier
to flw' to elimimte the moisture'
for occess '
iri rhe D'C' to D'C'
5.7.1 Zsro Offsct Amplifier ond its odiutment For detoiled locotion of the components
converfor (5XX series) on the
printed--cit"uit boond' se'
Thc systcm ospccts of this corrcction
ore discussed in Section
;;;;i .-Tht;f*t; enor omplifier' demodulotor ond ref-
ore shown in Figure 20'
5.2.3.2. erence sotce Ports (4XX series)

o-n the offset of D.C. to D.C' converion' See Figure l3'

Thc occurocy of the correciion depcnds 5.8.2
is odiusted to neor zero by Rl05'
UlOl ' This Q5ll
Q5@ ond Q5l0 form o Dorlinsrton::lp*{,:-ITv ond
-tJtu-iotiig
picce of tope frm the ement"ty swi tches' ol tcmotcly dri ven
Rl05 moy bc rcoched by rcmwing the oct os ccnpl
wove^derived from the
Photonruitiplicr Cover' Sce Figure 4' into conduction uy "'iSOO Hz'-squore Sce
D.C. to O.C. "on*tto' used in the Lonp Powcr Supply'

Adir.rstmcnt will be rcquired

only if Ul0l is reploced' Proceed
Scction5.4'2'
os follows:
C' volfoge ot the bce of 4509 sets the D'C' vo togp
The D.
ond Q5l0'
I . Rcmove high voltoge from the PhotmultiPlicr,by
removing ovoiloble ot the collector of Q5S
wirc 530 m thc reor printed circuit bmrd'
lhrs rs tne
the squore wovc opplicd
i"*.t *irc ncqrest the center of thc inrtrumcni' Ground This, in turn, sets the omPlitude of
this wirc with o cliP leod' vio C508 to the tromformer.

2. Okervc the otrtput of the preomplifier

with o D'C', is-converted^to D,'C' bl the
ot The stepped uP squore wove lt is
To do this' ground the oscillos-cope ond D5ll '
;;ii*".P.' voltose dobler
;il 60 ;J observe the
'ioveform
'
ot wire 423 Svnchron-
filteJd bv c509, csl l ' R5l8 ond K)rv'
""ml1i*-31^CSt9'^.O'5"t0
izc the oscilloscoPe ot wire 425' These wires ore reor the
of the center printed circuit boond' *tc bosc of Q5l0
top *, The ompliMe of the squore wove opplied fo
is so set thot excessive witoge-is opplied to the bos
3. Adiust Rl05 until the wovcform is centered
obout zero """;';t;;
of Q509, the high voitog€ will be limited to opproximotely
you should see:
Ji. wf'." properly odiusted' I 000 volts'

Typicolly, in order to gererote. 500 volts

D'C' ocross C5l l ' c
. NOISE - UNDER inPut irpedence
SPIKES UNDER
l0 MV P. to P' m'lsui with o "olt t-"ttt with o l0 megotm will be 4'6 volts'
IOO MV P. to P.
the voltoge ttq'iJ ot the bose of a5O9
11ru sqveform ocross the primory
of the irorcfqmer will be o
souor€ wove, 2'5 volts P' to P'

Photmultiplier Divider Network' See Figurc

l2'
-______--T I 5.8.3
High voltoge is opplied to the cothode
of the photmulliplier
1. Turn power off' Reploce wire 530 - Rcsemble'
limi ts the muimum curr€nt
vio a 27 K resistor' This resistor
flow in the proiective diode' Dl02' in cce
of o moisturc-
5. R.lll0 must be reodiusted. See Section 4.4.3 under
orc-over in tha photomultiPlier bose'
procedure, stePs 1-5. induced

R5l I
220K

c509
.lpF - I KV

a506

Q508 DsII - 2KV

C5O8-l0qrF-l6V

RED - YELLOW

Figure 13. High Voltoge Power Supply Schemotic

-25-
 Thc usc of rclotivcly higfi dynodc drcpping rcsistos (470K)
This signol moy be oherved with o D.C. orcill6cop6.
protefs th6 phottrtultipli€r from oc.ijcnt-ol ove.loj by higt 1q6.
light lcvcls. Whcn dynode curront gGts high, o lorgc drop this, grou.nd the oscilloscopc ot wirc 127,
ccur' ocro3s thcsc rcsisto6, limiting the rnoximum photo_ "h;;-;;'*;;_
forn of wire 423, otd synchronize ot wire l2i. lil;;l
multipli.r curr.nt. dre neor thc top reor of thc ccnter printcd circult b;:"'

Thc lost dynodc rGtums to filta.d -g volts, to providc o PROPORTIONAL TO FLUORESCENCE

nqninol onodc voltogc af 8 volts. Sincc tic oioac currant is
limifcd b fivc' nonodrp.r6, lincority is axccllcnt. 2.8V
(Rr.)
Thc cxtarior of thc photornultiplicr is pointcd with conductivc
point, ond conncctcd to thc cothodc by o l0 mcgohm
protcctivc rcsistor. ov (zEro)

5.9 COMPOSITE SIGNAL DESCRIPTION At low scnsitivitics, this wovefom will bc quitc,,clcon,,.
A,5
sensitivity is increosed, rondom noisc will bccomc
5.9.1 Generol cvidcnt on
tha rcferencc portion of the sequence, ona
5;9.2 Referenca Enor Amplifier ond Demodulotor * ii]ftr*o".n."
l::tl": ,.i: or less proporrionol to its omplituJc. finolly, -
5.9.3 Reference Source thc zcro portion will bccomc noiry.
5.9.4 Signol Demodulotion ord One Second Tims Constont
5.9.5 Zaro Demodulotion
5.9.2 Referance Errcr Amplificr ond Dcmodutotor. Scc
Figurc 14.
5.9.1 Gcncrol
During the interyol when .:f"*_ng. light folls
on thc phote
The output of tha proomplificr os discussed multiplier, the referencc demoduloror-is t".*a
in Secfions 5.1,5
otn 5.2.3.2 is, in scguence, fluorcscence, refer€ncc, "i.' nf,
circuit consisk of D405, Rl27 ond e40g. lt opcrctes
in the
no some foshion os the zero demodulotor, describcd
lisht. in Scction S.Z.Z.
The error between the ourput of the pieomplificr
during thc
During the-no light po*ion of the seguence, dork currenf refercncc period ond o rofcrcncc ,oitog" ,, oppliJ
is to thc
conccted for ond the output of the preonplifier is forced reference.error omplificr, u402. lhe i"r*rt iil, omplifi.r
fo controls the D.C. io D.C.. cmvertor, *tl"t *ppii.,
zcno volb-. During the rcference portion of the f,igf.
sequence, the voltoge to fhe photornultiplier. Sce Section 5.b.2.
outpot is forced to cquol o rcference voltoge, with's
nomiml
voluc of 2.8 volts.
9f].:d Rl28 providc o long timc consronr which (l)
During thc fluorcsccncc poriim of the seguence, the th1 sy.stgm.osoi.nst osciilorion, (2) hotds in.
is prcportimol to the fluorcsccncc of the sompla.
output :.1:1,-ll:*
votfoge constont during
fisl
thc signol ond zcro pcriods.

Overoll system bchovior is discusscd os the gecond

computotio
in Section 5. I .6 ond in Secrion S.2.3rl -

R129 - 5620n
lVo
R4l7 R4r3 R409
2.2K 2.2K 2.2K
BLANK
5K-10
TURN

R427 - to M
D+05 - tN44,{6
REF. DEMOD
N FROM U40t/13
Q408
2N4302
R428
470K

R404
5.6K 02
Llrl4250
6

'
8
D/.06
DES ryPE +9 -d R405 - 5.6K tN4446
ulu LM.4250 R432
ALI TRANSISTOR5 2N3538A EXCEPT AS IM
NOTED
ALL RESISTORS t/lw to/o EXCEPT AS NOTED

Blonk Voltoge, Reference Source

qnd Reference Demodulotor
 u
J

s G) r
u
a
N/
)
1*-2 V 8
) i !o
q)z os ,B (e', I
9O
5E i z
e \*u
e
0
o
Ux

NI
f x
6
9v I

{=
e

&o
3:r
nR*
Je-
.6 ,a\ /N
i ) (J I_-^.9
:t-V--^(: \-./ ':9

N J
€v
zf Io
ez
tU
dA
*!z
I

OO {.
ta
dF

=o
tq
uz
3

5I* $5* sX
E ",:

7o *5 oo N

o\
o5
F.?

az N
;jo;
9
g-9
z
t
N

x
3x* 3E*

v_8fr
o* 1Za
xt <fn-
;Ud
!Z
E-,e s*
866
fE-!--.-/S
\=,/ \9
\€t
-\3

Figure 15. Signol Demodulotor qnd lvleter Circuits

' 'T 1' - deqra5qffirwra''lts;c

I
a

Xl - XIOO control is in the Xl00 position' When the Xl

l4' i, selected' the sitch on the Xl - Xl00 contrcl
i.9.3 Rcforcncc Source' See
Figure *rition
'gronds foctor
R'|i}5, ottenuofing this voltoge by opproximotaly o
is
As discusscd in Section
5'l '4' the reference,,light beom of 100.
bv the Attenuotor Wheel'
6
oi*Lit.fy ottenuotedttorn mU to X3l '6'
scnsitivity is increosed
SENS
5.10.3 Blonk lroertion AmPlifier
in these ronges.is primorily circuit volues from Figure l5' rhe-ootput of u406
The scnsitivity of the instrument Using the
the Attenuctor-Whel' lt
is by thc normol opcrotionol omplificr
;;;; th" opii*l ott"nuotors in i-'L ".f ",f*cd
prcciscly t i'n'"a uv-ti'i-'''-"gi'tl*l'*
*j5., ond R40l '
R4O4' is # 6uolions'
Thc proper trimmer or rhe Mii'l SENS resistor' Xl00 poeitim'
Q402,ond Q40l ' XIOO control is in thc
selected bv the tromisrcl'dJo+, o+m' When thc Xl -
Thase tronsistors o* in t"- *nt-lled
by the drive circuit
ioith" nongu Lights, discussed in Section 5'I l ' lu' EA =1.'t3Ef - '€Eg
ond Orre Second Time Constont'
See Figure
When the Xt - Xl00 control is in the XI position'
5.9.4 Sigml Demodulqlion
15.
on the photo- Eo=1,17E, - '@Eg
During the intervol when fluorcscent Itnhljtl! circuii
multiplicr, ttre signoi demodulotor is turned on" This of U406 to zero' The procedurc
-n'€t in the some R440 is used to set the offset
oloz, , ond Q&9' tt :P:t:tT i.t'JirJltn R440 is dscribed in Section 4'4'3'
"i*ii" "r
foshion os the zero a-ttJut*"t'
decribed in Seciion 5'7'2'

(t ) smooth the oipui from- ihe prmmplifier with 5.10.4 Xl - Xl00 Trimmer
R4'13 ond ClO{
chongcd frorn thc XI to
oor|esecondtimeconstont(2)storethef|uorescenceoutput
periods' When the rongc of the instrument is
;fftf; ;;;ltrie; lu; ns' ti* rerelence'{ ::'
R44i| is.not 8'2K but more thon thc Xl00 satting, the sensitivity is primorily chongcd by'the
Note thot tt'" tn""ii"l-toi"'e of introduction tf tt tptiti! ottcnuotor
into thc rcfcrcncc light
thro€ iimes thit t'"I;;ti;;" the
sigrcl demodulotor is turned on
C404 from negotive beom. See Scction 5'l '4'
f"iy SO% * the time' D408 protects
tronsients.
It is precisely trimmed by R446' the procedure for odiuctittg
R4'16 is described in Section 4'4'3'
5.9.5 Tero Demodulotion
light reoches the,PhotomultiPlier tube' Refenins ogoin to Fisure l5' *!91I" I]^:
Xlm control is
During the time when zero
The zero demodulotor circuit 3:. ond R{57 opplics
the zcro a"toa"f"ilt i' tu'rj on' ot Xl, the .ret*otk t"onsi'ting "f -R1591 lf
is functionolly po* of it* preomplifier circuit ond is discussed .'r*g"ti* voltoge to the goL of-the^field e{fect trorsistor'
in Section 5'2'3'2' Q4I0.UndertnJ""onaiiio*,Q4l0oclslikeonopencircuit,
the Spon Control
if," *'ptrt ot'ii+oe so"t diiectly on io
METER AMPTIFIER CIRCUITS
"J
AmPlifier, vio R446'
5.IO
the-goteof QtllO is
5.10.1 Ports Locotion WhentheXl -XIOOcontrol isotXl00'
Blonk Voltoge Genero-tion grounded, t"d lt;;t;'ii it wt'e o low resistoncc' Now' the
5.10.2 by the retwo*coro'rstins of the
!.tO.S StonL lreerlion funPlifier output of U+oo i'litiJa
5.10.4 Xl - Xl00Trimmer trimmerR446,oJnletbeforegoingontotheSponContro|
5.10.5 SPon Control AmPlifier Amolifier'

In proctice, the opticol

qttenuotor':d-T tl: Xl - Xl00
5.10.1 Ports Locotion
control tronsmiis Jlittltl*' thon lolo of the light incidcnt on"
of 100' fhir
the-BLANK control'
All cmporcnts except the SPAN control' with the it, so thot L" opiiltf'tt"tiiitity goin isjn cxces
goin in the XI00 setting'
the Ponel Meter, ord the switch csocioted is becouse n++O lon oniy ottenuote
Xl - Xl0O locoted on the- Ronge prinfed circuit not odd to it'
"ont'oio"
boord. See Section 4'3'lor 4'3'2 for occess' For occess to
See Figure I5'
l
the Xl - Xl00 switch' see Seclion '5' 5.10.5 Spontontrol Amplifier'
on the Ronge printed frm the XI'- X|OO trimmer R4'16 ond
detoiled locotion of the ports locoted U407 occepts the outPut
For
rrgure lu' if bI g-f::tot which mov bc
circuit boond (4XX series)' see omplifies
'r'i' ""i '5L""n1" 'in*r I '2 (ccw)
b't*J'n ond 5 (cw)'
set bv the sPAl'i';;;;;;i;;
Figure 14'
5.10.2 Blonk Volioge Generotion' See due to invene feedbock oction'
The output impedonce is low'
to the sensitivity to the vcrious output circuits
The blonk voltoge required is proportionol This qllows t"';;;i;;;;";ion 0 to +5 volts'
selected ' *ith no int"rottio-n'-iht outp't ronge is
is generoted
A voltoge proportionol to the ronge selected Three outPuts ore Provided:
ocross lhe
gUftif tt^trof by thelroroistors'Q407' Q406 ond
These t'o*lsto* o" in tutt
controlled by the drive I' A Ponel meter indicotion'
Q405' 5'll '10' Protective resistor
R{58'
;;;; c* $" nttgt'ii'ghl' discussed in Section 2' A ti;:d;;iii'*gt'
3' o'it" i" t# Ronge Comporotos' U405'
opplied to
When theX3l ronge is selected' the voltoge
'6 ond opplies 5 volts 5.II RANGE CHANGER CIRCUITS
R409 is obout 0'6 volts' Q405 is soluroted
ocross fhe BLANK control'
5.II'1 Pqrts Locotion
Drive' Unconditionol
WhentheXl0rongeisse|ected,thevo|togeoPP|iedtoR409^ 5.1 I '2 Rqnse il;;;;t
Step Motor
to R4l3
volts. s+i;L tutua off ' The voltoge opplied
is +5 SteP Commond
isobout0.6*lo-.oaooissoturotedondopp|ies5vo|isocros 5.1 I .3 AUTO Ronge Selector Step Motor Drive
Motor
the network **iir*
control
tinaz! ' R422' ond the BLANK ' 5.1.|.4 Unconditio'-rul Step Commond' Ronge Step
in on Intermediote Position
will now be 5.lr .5 uncoi;;;i ;; n'rNcr sTEP switch
The voltoge qcr* the BLANK conirol
Unconditionol Step Commond' Remote
5/3,16=l.58volts. 5.11.6 ';;'ona' \
5.11.7 AUTO SteP Commond
control when the .8 Over ond Under Ronge Logic
Similorly, the voltoge qcrqs ihe^BLAN.K 5..I I
ond when MIN SENS
X3'16 ronge i''*f"""*J*iff be 0'5 volts 5. 1 1 .9 E"utnol Over-Ronge Signol
Voltoge
is selected, will be '16 volts' 5.1 I .10 Ronge Light' Blonk Voltoge ond Reference
Logic
BLANK control goes to
The entire output from the slider of the 5'll'l I TelemetrY Logic
qnd R436' when the
the Blonk lmertion Amplifier viq R434
-tA-

#ffiffinrry:ryf;ry-s4ry *','::'a':,t"",at
 The output of U20l diives Q202, vio M08, which in turn
5.ll.l Ports Locotion.
couses the SteP lvlotor to steP.

Atl 2XX comPorents ore on ?he Position PC boord' See Figure 19

4'3'3 for occess' The ortput of U20l olso drives Q201, forcing o logic zero ot
for ports locotion. See Section
pin 13of tJ207, os long os the ouhut of U20l is ot o logic orc.

6 All ,tXX componenh ore on the Ronge PC board'- S€€ Figurc

for ports focotion. See Section 1.3.1 or 1'3'2 for occess'
20 This is recessory to errsure o full initiol cycle to the Stcp Motor,
since o very brief closure of the STEP switch or r€motc stcP
switch (described loter) would couse the initiol logic one fronr
U20l to be only the length of the inifiol STEP switch closure'
5.1 1.2 Ronge Selector SteP Motor Drive, Unconditionol Step
Commond. (See Figure l6). &ive (See Fi$'rc 16)'
5.1 1.3 AUTO Ronge Selector Step Motor
One type of input to this circuit is on unconditioml step commond
puts io the quod The second type of input to this circuit is o commond which
This clnsists of o logic zero ot ony one of the in
colls for the Step Motor to odvonce from orre octive position
input NAND gate, U2O7, with output ot pin 8'
to the next octive position, then woit four seconds'
A logic zero ot ony irput to U207 forces o.logic one ot its' outPut'
When the Ronge Step A'lotor is in on octivc (not intermediotc)
pi" S-, ; f*"* i logi" otle ot the reset lirle ' pin 4 of the inte- l{ic
one is present ot U206 pins'{ 9nd Whcn thc 5'
groted circuit timcr, U20l ' Position, o
irstrument does not coll for o ronge chonge ond is in the AUTO
mode, the inpot from the AUTO switch will be o logic zero'
A logic orc ot pin'r{ of U20l ollows its' output ot pin 3 to
go to o
pin 7, ollowing C^202 to chorge up vio Under these conditions, ihe outPut of U203 ot pin I will bc o
logiJone, ond ungrounds
logic one. This forces the dischorge lirc, pin I of U2Ot[ low
iil+ "na nZos. When th. voltoge ocros C202 rmchs o zero' onl itr' ortput of pin 5 low. This, in tum, cquses the bq'€ of
rhreshold set i ntermlly in U20l ' its outPut dropc to o
logic
Q2G to be lw, forcing o logic orc ot pin 2 of U206' Since
ond pin 7 is clsmPed to ground' the input ol pin I is o logic zero, the output ct pin 3 is o logic
ore - ond nothing hoPPens.
C2t2 now dischorges vio M05 until o second' lower threshold is

io"hoa. Ih" cy"le then storts ogoin, if pin 4 is still high' When the AUTO tine goes to o logic one (colling for the Rong€
Step Motor to odvonce), the output of U206 ot pin 3 grocs to o
R2O/t, R2O5 otdC202 qre so chos€n thot os long os
the input ot
logi. tero. This is on unconditionol step commond, os des-
4r"toi* ot o logic one, the output.of U2Ol vill be ot o .rib.d obot", cosing the Ronge Step lvlotor to odvonce'
fin
iogi" on for qbout l-00 milliseconds ond ot o logic zero for
obout 90 millisoconds.

P2t0 - 22K

f t g c209
33sf
E
+
R206 | n rpzoe

u204
A LOGIC ZERO MEANS 1M556
INTERMEDIATE POSITION.
FROM U2O7/6
c2o6
.Ulpr

(a
R2r1 <
Y STEP

2.rK MOIOR
P20a - 470J1
?

g c205
u207
7420 R205
I 20K

33p F
.01 p F Q20 Q202
MJESOI

REsISTORS
DE5. IYPE GNt +5
u20l M555 I t/4w - 10%
uxxl 710o 1
uzx 1M556 7 l4
u206 716 7 t4
Figure 16. Ronge Seleclc Step Motor Drive

-29 -

t
 ot pin S-go^slo o logic off scole. See Section 5.1 I .8. Input 2 will be ot o logic
At the some time, the output of U2O4 on ony range excePt the lect semifive Position. This meora
M06' Q2O3 is forced into I
o*, ond C2O4 storts chorging up vio thot the Ronge Selector will step to o morc sersitiw ronge whcn
severol milliseconds lqter vio the deloy circuit
con-
;;;i.^ it is off scole, ond then return to the leost sensitive ronge,
.ftii* ond C2l l When Q203 storts conducting' pin 2
'
"inznc except when it is off scole on the leosi sensitive rcnge'
of U206 is forced io o logic zero.

U206, ol pin 3 thus returrE to o logic one' ond stoys

ihere lf, on returning fo fhe lect sensitive ronge, the reoding is less G
of the AUTO step commond' until thon twenty percent of full scole, it will ogoin chonge rongos
."g"if"o'or the condition
up to fhe threshold volue' R206 ond C204 ore so c described obovE. For on overview of this oction, see Section
CiO4 chorge,
this four secord 5 ,2.1.5 of this monuol '
chosen thq-t this intervot is four seconds' During
i;;;i, *h. AUTO line connot offect the output of U206 - Logic' (See Figt're I5)'
to the 5.1 1.8 Over ond Under Ronge
tl'ir*i.t J"..ce of fhe Ronge Step lvlotor in rcsPose
Auto line is blocked. The bosic output of fhe instrument is the otput of u407, ot
forces it into on oin 5.
However, the first step of the Ronge Sfep lvloto-r
intermediote posltion Lnd, os desciibed in s11i.9n
5'll '4' on
This volfoge ronges from zero to *5 volts, os the porel meter
un.onaiUonoi step coimond is generoted until the Ronge Step
psqls from zero to full scole.
Motor r€furrc to its' next octive position'
R€9 qnd R437 form o voltoge divider which opplies one volf
Thisintermediqtepositionsignol'invertedb.yU2O6'withoutput to the + inPut ot pin 5 of the open-collector quod comporotor
between eoch
ot pin 6 ersures thot the timer will be reset u405.
iJ"".., rf the AUTO commond remoim continuously ot
"*^
o logic one. lf rhe wtput from U407 pin 6 is grloter thon 2O96 of full scole
(greoter tiron one volt) the output ot pin.2will be o logic zero'
5.11..{ Unconditionol Step Commond, Ronge Step Motor in on lTit i, l.r. thon 20"6 of full scole, it will b€ o logic ore' This
lntermedioie Position. (See Figrure l7)' is the under-ronge logic signol '

Ihe Ronge SteP fvlotor moy be stepped fo ony on€ of twelve

One volt derived from R439 ond R4il7 is olso oPPlied to the
positiorJ. Eijht ore intermediote' The other four ore MIN
- inPut ot pin 6. lt is compored *!th 91e fifth of the oufput
SENS, X3.16, Xl0 ond X3l '6' ot U407 pin 6, formed by Rtt42 ond R438'
The Holl fffect fvlognetic Field Sensors PUt qrt o logic zero lf of the output of U407 is greoter thon one voli' fhen the
2Oo/o
when neqr o mognet, ond o logic one when there is no mogret dtPut ot U405 pin I will be o logic one' lf. les' the oufput
Dresent. wili be o logic zero. Thus, if the output voltoge ot pin 6 of
U407 is obove five volk, o logic one will oppeor ct U405
A single mogn€t rototes with the Ronge Step Molor' The mognet pin l. This is the over-ronge logic signol'
ii srich thot when the Step Motor stops "on ronge"' the
"ilJ*ai, neor the Holl Effect semor ossociqted with thot ronge'
.ogr,it D4l3 proiects fhe input circuitry of U405 oi pis 4 ond 7 from
Thot Holl Effecl sereor then puts out o logic zero' negotive outputs which con be present ot the output of U1Q7 '
When the Step Motor is not stopped on ony of fhe for "on (See Figure l5)'
5.1 1.9 Externol Over-Ronge Signol '
,oig." p"titl"*, the mognet is not neor ony of the Holl Effect
serios.' Atl four Holl Effect sercoa then put out logic one' An independont outPut ot the front porel telemetry connectc'
fhs5e four Holl fffect oufPuts ore combined in the quod input
indicoting on off-cole reoding is required'
NAND gote' yielding o logic zero outPut ot Pih 6'
One volt from the voltoge divider consisting of R439 ond
R€7
A logic zero will be present ot oll intermediote Positions - is opplied to fhe - inPuf ot pin l0 of U405' lf the over-ronge
whici, opplied to inputs 9 ond l0 of U2O7, is on unconditionol
siqnol described in Section 5' I I ' 8 is ct o logic one' the
steP commond. (See Figure l6)' + inPut ot pin I I will couse o logic one ot pin 13
t"-ii.n.
of U405 "itf'.
- qnd of the telemetry connector' pin K'
5.11.5 Unconditiorcl Siep Commond, RANGE STEP Switch'
(See Figure l6). Ronge Light, Blonk Voltoge ond Reference Voltoge Logic'
5.ll.l0
(See Figure l7)'
The STEP switch, when depressed, grounds input l3 of U207'
This is on unconditionql step commond ' Holl Effect Attenuotor Wheel Sensos PUt out o logic zero
The
beside
l7)' only when the Attenuotor Wheel is in the position morked
5.11.6 Unconditionol Step Commqnd, Remoie' (See Figure in the schemotic'
them

lf the front ponel telemetry connector pin N is-roised to o high

This logic zero drives the oppropriote section of U403'
o hex
poriiit" voltoge to couse Zener diode D4l 2 to conduct'
open cillecto, buffer ond couses current to flow ihrangh
the
"norgh
Q4ll conducts. front - ponel ronge light' Current is limited by rhe 82 ohm
resistor '
This condifion forces o logic zero ot V2O7 , pin I 3 ' This is on
unconditionol step commond' (See Figure l6)' This logic zero olso drives fhe Reference Voltoge ond
Blonk
-
Voltoge See Sections 5'9'3 ond 5'10'2 of
circuiJai*ltly'
5.1 1.7 AUTO Step Commond. (See Figures l6 ond I7)'
this monuol .
Refering to Figure 16, o logic one qt wire pod 213' when the
AUTO-N'IAN switch is in the AUTO position is on AUTO Step 5.l l.l l Telemeiry Logic. (See Figure 17)'
Commond. Se Section 5.1 1.2 for detoils.
The Holl Effect Attenuotor Wheel Sensos olso drive U104'
o
Referring to Figure 17, on AUTO Step commond will result if hex open collector inverting buffer'
either input l2 or I3 of U203 is ot o logic zerc'
This couses o TTL compotoble telemetry outPut to kre ovoiloble
This cqn occur when inputs 4 qnd 5 ore both ot o logic one' ot the froni ponel telemetry connector' A logic one indicotes
Input 4 will be ot o logic one, if ihe instrumenl reods less thon which ronge is in use'
2d"/o of tvll scole. See Section 5.11.8' Since the Holl
Sensor U2lO is ot o logic one in oll positions except the X3l '6 The collector resistos hove different volues. ond connect {
position, this meqns thot if the irotrument reods less thon 20% vio goting diodes to rhe onolog telemetry output ot Pin.N' .
By

of full scole ond ii is on ony rqnge except the most sereitive o suitoble externol.lmd resistor, on onolog signql whrcn
using
one, the Ronge Selector will step to o more sensitive ronge' vories wiih ronge selected con be generoted ot pin N' See
Section 2'4'
This cqn olso occur when inputs I qnd 2 ore both ot o logic
one. Input I will be ot o logic one, if ihe istrument reods
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