KA24/KA26 Calculations to Training Lesson

Combined Cycle Power Plant

Exercises

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 Calculations to Training Lesson
ABCD KA24/KA26 Combined Cycle Power Plant

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 Calculations to Training Lesson
ABCD KA24/KA26 Combined Cycle Power Plant

Given Conditions and Data for following Calculations

• Gas turbine installed at sea level

• Ambient temperature 19 °C, rel. humidity 70 %
• Ambient pressure 1.009 bar
• Specific heat of exhaust gas 1007 J/kg K
• Specific heat of water 4187 J/kg K

Formulas

For further
Pin [MW ] kJ
Formulas refer Heat Rate: Unit :
to your Formula Pout [MW ] x 277.8 10 − 6 kWh
Book!

Energy Diagram (Typical)

Losses simplified
to 0%, in Reality Energy in fuel

the individual
Losses lay at
about 0.5% each
Losses in HRSG
0% Gas turbine

Losses
0%

Steam turbine

Stack
Losses
0%

Condenser CSXA403479.cdr

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 Calculations to Training Lesson
ABCD KA24/KA26 Combined Cycle Power Plant

Exercise 1

• Gas turbine type GT26 natural gas fired, operated on base load / maximal
load.
• Fuel gas lower heating value (LHV) 43.094 MJ/kg.
• Mass flow fuel gas 15.81 kg/sec.
• Gross power output GT 262 MW.
• Gross power output ST 138.8 MW.
• Cooling water for condenser Tin 31.4 °C, Tout 42.5 °C, mass flow 4860 kg/sec.
• Exhaust gas temperature after turbine (TAT LPT) 640 °C, after stack 102 °C.
• Exhaust gas mass flow 562 kg/sec.

Calculate

• Gross efficiency of combined cycle power plant.

• Energy ratio in percentage: GT, ST, condenser, stack, losses.
• Gross efficiency in case the CCPP is operated as single cycle plant.

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 Calculations to Training Lesson
ABCD KA24/KA26 Combined Cycle Power Plant

Exercise 1, Solution

Gross efficiency

Energy ratio

Gross efficiency GT only

(Continued next page)

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 Calculations to Training Lesson
ABCD KA24/KA26 Combined Cycle Power Plant

Exercise 2

• Gas turbine type GT26 natural gas fired, operated at about 50 % of base load.
• Fuel gas lower heating value (LHV) 43.094 MJ/kg.
• Mass flow fuel gas 10.9 kg/sec.
• Gross power output GT 140 MW.
• Gross power output ST 73.8 MW.
• Cooling water for condenser Tin 31.6 °C, Tout 41.55 °C,
mass flow 4860 kg/sec.
• Exhaust gas temperature after turbine (TAT LPT) 635 °C, after stack 125 °C.
• Exhaust gas mass flow 75 % of 562 kg/sec.

Calculate

• Gross efficiency of combined cycle power plant.

• Energy ratio in percentage: GT, ST, condenser, stack, losses.
• Assume the HRSG is fired with the same quantity of energy as given in this
exercise. This could be coal firing. What is the gross efficiency of the steam
turbine?

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 Calculations to Training Lesson
ABCD KA24/KA26 Combined Cycle Power Plant

Exercise 2, Solution

Gross efficiency

Energy ratio

Gross efficiency ST

(Continued next page)

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 Calculations to Training Lesson
ABCD KA24/KA26 Combined Cycle Power Plant

Exercise 3

• Gas turbine type GT24 fuel oil fired, operated at base load.
• Fuel oil LHV 42.00 MJ/kg.
• Energy input by fuel oil 514.3 MW.
• Gross power output GT 177 MW.
• Gross power output ST 92.5 MW.
• Cooling water for condenser Tin 30.5 °C, Tout 42.9 °C, mass flow 3550 kg/sec.
• Exhaust gas temperature after turbine (TAT LPT) 640 °C, after stack 155 °C.
• Exhaust gas mass flow 391 kg/sec.

Calculate

• Mass flow of fuel oil.

• Gross efficiency of combined cycle power plant.
• Energy ratio in percentage: GT, ST, condenser, stack, losses.
• Gross efficiency in case the CCPP is operated as single power plant.
• Heat rate in case the CCPP is operated as single power plant.

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 Calculations to Training Lesson
ABCD KA24/KA26 Combined Cycle Power Plant

Exercise 3, Solution

Mass flow fuel oil

Energy ratio

Gross efficiency GT only

Heat Rate (HR) Single Cycle (SC) operation

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ABCD KA24/KA26 Combined Cycle Power Plant

Solution Key
Exercise 1

Gross efficiency

(262 + 138.8) ⋅ 106 J/ s/ e/ c/ k/ g/

η gross =
15.81 ⋅ 43.094 ⋅ 106 s/ e/ c/ k/ g/ J/
= 0.588 equal 58.8%

Energy ratio

Cooling water P =m
&
water ⋅ c ⋅ ∆T
k/ g/ J K/
= 4860 ⋅ 4187 (42.5 − 31.4)
sec k/ g/ K/
= 225.66 ⋅ 106 W = 225.7 MW
Exhaust gas P =m
&
air
⋅ cp ⋅ ∆T
(stack)
∆T = diff. temp stack exit to ambient temp.
k/ g/ J K/
= 562 ⋅ 1007 (102 − 19)
sec k/ g/ K/
= 46.97 ⋅ 106 W = 47.0 MW
Energy input P=m
& ⋅ LHV = 15.81 ⋅ 43.094 ⋅ 106
gas
= 681.32 ⋅ 106 W = 681.3 MW

fuel GT ST cond stack loss *

MW 681.3 262 138.8 225.7 47.0 7.8
100% 38.46% 20.37% 33.13.% 6.90% 1.14%

* loss = 100% - (GT + ST + cond + stack)

Gross efficiency GT only

262 ⋅ 106
η gross GT = = 0.377 equal 37.7%
15.81 ⋅ 43.094 ⋅ 106

(Continued next page)

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 Calculations to Training Lesson
ABCD KA24/KA26 Combined Cycle Power Plant

Exercise 2

Gross efficiency

(140 + 73.8) ⋅ 106 J/ s/ e/ c/ k/ g/

η gross =
10.90 ⋅ 43.094 ⋅ 106 s/ e/ c/ k/ g/ J/
= 0.455 equal 45.5%

Energy ratio

Cooling water P =m
&
water ⋅ c ⋅ ∆T
= 4860 ⋅ 4187 ⋅ (41.55 − 31.6) = 202.5 ⋅ 106 W
Exhaust gas P =m
&
air ⋅ cp ⋅ ∆T
(stack)
= 0.75 ⋅ 562 ⋅ 1007 ⋅ (125 − 19)
= 45.0 ⋅ 106 W
Energy input P=m
& ⋅ LHV = 10.90 ⋅ 43.094 ⋅ 106 = 469.7 ⋅ 106 W
gas

fuel GT ST cond stack loss *

MW 469.7 140 73.8 202.5 45.0 8.4
100% 29.81% 15.71% 43.11% 9.58% 1.79%

* loss = 100% - (GT + ST + cond + stack)

Gross efficiency ST

Exhaust gas P =m& ⋅ cp ⋅ (TAT LPT − T )

amb
= 0.75 ⋅ 592 ⋅ 1007 (635 − 19)
= 261.5 ⋅ 106 W
73.8 ⋅ 106
η gross = = 0.282 equal 28.2%
261.5 ⋅ 106

(Continued next page)

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 Calculations to Training Lesson
ABCD KA24/KA26 Combined Cycle Power Plant

Exercise 3

Mass flow fuel oil

514.3 ⋅ 106 J/ kg
m
& = = 12.25 kg
42.0 ⋅ 106 sec J/ sec
(177 + 92.5) ⋅ 106
η gross = = 0.524 equal 52.4%
514.3 ⋅ 106

Energy ratio

6
Cooling water P water = 3550 ⋅ 4187 (42.9 − 30.5) = 184.3 ⋅ 10 W
6
Exhaust gas P air = 391 ⋅ 1007 (155 − 19) = 53.55 ⋅ 10 W
(stack)

fuel GT ST cond stack loss *

MW 514.3 177 92.5 184.3 53.6 6.9
100% 34.42% 17.99% 35.84% 10.42% 1.34%

* loss = 100% - (GT + ST + cond + stack)

Gross efficiency GT only

177 ⋅ 106
η gross GT = = 0.344 = 34.4%
514.3 ⋅ 106

Heat Rate (HR) Single Cycle (SC) operation

514.3 ⋅ 106
HR =
177 ⋅ 106 ⋅ 277.8 ⋅ 10 −6
kJ
= 10'456
kWh

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