Introduction to Hydraulic Engineering – CEE362
Introduction to Hydrology and
Hydraulics
y ‰ Connection
CE 362
Hamid Moradkhani, PhD, PE
Assistant Professor
Civil & Environmental Engineering
Winter 2010
3 4
‰ What is Hydraulic Engineering?
What is Hydraulic Engineering?
Connection between Hydraulic Engineering 
between Hydraulic Engineering
and Fluid Mechanics
‰ Hydraulics and Hydrology – The Difference?
‰ Why Study Hydraulic Engineering?
h d d l ?
What is Hydrology?
Hydrology is:
‐ Literally the science of water, is an earth science
‐ A Geoscience that describes and predicts the occurrence, 
p ,
circulation and distribution of water on the earth and its 
atmosphere (the continental water processes)
‐ A Geoscience that combines various disciplines (civil 
engineering, geology, forestry, soil science, etc) and 
t h i
techniques to address water quantity and quality
t dd t tit d lit
‐ Knowledge of hydrology is one of the key ingredients in 
decision making processes where water is involved
decision‐making processes where water is involved
Meteorology, Hydrology and Water Resources Distribution of Terrestrial Water
Oceans
Ice-Caps and Glaciers 96.5%
1.725%

Atmosphere
0.001%

Rivers, Lakes,
and Inland Seas
Soil Moisture 0.0141%
0.0012%

Ground Water
1.69%

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Nature’s Way of Making Freshwater The Hydrologic Cycle

Evapotranspiration
Sublimation Evaporation

Snow Accumulation
Mountain
Front
Recharge Precipitation
Snowmelt Discharge
Runoff
Surface Surface
Infiltration Runoff Runoff
Discharge

Groundwater flow R h
Recharge

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Competing Demands Water Resources Management: Groundwater Level Declines

Navigation
0

ound (ft)
50

Domestic

Water levell below gro

100

150

200 ft
200

250

W
300
Recreation
Agriculture 350
In many semi-arid regions, groundwater is being pumped
at non-sustainable
i bl rates. This
Thi overdraft
d f has
h environmental
i l
400
consequences including land subsidence.
450
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Wildlife
9 Year 10

Groundwater Overdraft and Land Subsidence Diff. Urban Density, Diff. Water Resources Problems

1925 New York has over 25,000

Eloy, Arizona inhabitants p
per sq.
q mile.
1952

1955

1977
1975 1985 Los Angeles and other
Western US Cities are
San Joaquin
q Valley,
y, CA ,
under 3,000 p
per sq.
q mile.

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Different Water Supplies Carry Different Risks Water Resources Planning and Management

Time of Construction = 1935

Reliance on local groundwater… Reliance on imported water… Total Storage Capacity = 38.6 BCM
A
Annual l IInflow
fl = 15
15.4
4 BCM
Hoover Dam Drainage Area = 432,500 Km2
Power Generation = 2,074 MW

Time
i to fill
fi = ?2.5 years

Three Gorges Dam

Time of Construction = 2003

Total Storage Capacity = 39.3 BCM
Annual Inflow = 451 BCM
Can lead to overdraft and subsidence. Can lead to water logging. Drainage Area = 1,000,000 Km2
Power Generation = 17,680 MW

Time to fill =32

? days
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Watershed Processes Are Complex And

Nonlinear Hydrologic Models of Different Complexities…

R Φ

i
IA Precipitation
Sacramento
t
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION Model
d l
API Model UPPER
ZONE
TENSION

FREE
INFILTRATION

DIRECT
RUNOFF
SURFACE
PERCOLATION INTERFLOW RUNOFF

q
QR
Q LOWER
ZONE
PRIMARY
FREE
TENSION TENSION
SUPPLE-
MENTAL
FREE

tB RESERVED RESERVED

BASEFLOW

SUBSURFACE
OUTFLOW

VIC
Model Mike SHE
Model, DHI

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 What is Hydraulics? Few Examples

Hydraulic Engineering is a sub‐discipline

sub discipline of ‘Civil
Civil Engineering
Engineering’
concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids,
principally water. This area of engineering is intimately
related to the design of bridges, dams, channels, canals, and
levess and to both sanitary and environmental engineering.

Common topics considered by Hydraulic Engineers are:

Hydraulic
y Structures like Dams,, Levees,, Culverts;; Water
Distribution networks, Water Collection Networks, Storm
Water Management, Sediment Transport and various other
topics related to Transportation Engineering and
Geotechnical Engineering

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Why Study Hydraulic Engineering? Urban Stormsewer Drainage System

RIVER or RESERVOIR

Detention/Retention
Intake Conduit combined Basin
Storage

Low High Lift

Lift Treatment
Plant Conveyance
y
Conduit
Distribution separate
p
Supply Pipe
System detention basin
WELL FIELD receiving
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water
Water Distribution Network and Urban Stormsewer Drainage System Open Channel Hydraulics and Simplification

water supply
flood storage
y p
hydropower
thermal cooling

flood
irrigation management

V = n-1 R2/3 S1/2

water supply and

stormwater management

n – Manning Coefficient
R – Hydraulic
H d li Radius
R di
navigation S – Energy Slope
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HEC-RAS- River Analysis System Flood Inundation

Flood Mapping
Inundation in Willamette River Basin

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