Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• INTRODUCTION
– Definition and examples
(What is a basin?)
– How are basins classified?
– Essay (due next Thursday, barring days off for hurrican Gustav)
• MAKEUP of the EARTH
– Compositional division
– Rheological division
• BASIN FORMING MECHANISMS
– Plate Tectonics
– Thermal
– Thermo-mechanical
– Mechanical
Basins
• Definition and examples
Basins
• Definition
Areas of the earth where there is a net sedimentation,
or in the fossil (ancient) record of such areas
Zones of pronounced subsidence where sediment can
accumulate.
What makes a basin interesting for oil and gas
exploration?
• Examples
Permian
Pre-
Cambrian
Basins
• INTRODUCTION
– Definition and examples
(What is a basin?)
– How are basins classified?
– Homework # 1.A (due next Thursday)
• MAKEUP of the EARTH
– Compositional division
– Rheological division
• BASIN FORMING MECHANISMS
– Plate Tectonics
– Thermal
– Thermo-mechanical
– Mechanical
How are basins classified?
If one is interested in HOW Basins are formed then it is very natural that
we break up the basin types according to their mechanism of formation.
E.g., mechanical, thermal or thermal-mechanical.
Basins
• INTRODUCTION
– Definition and examples
(What is a basin?)
– How are basins classified?
– Homework # 1.A (due next Thursday)
• MAKEUP of the EARTH
– Compositional division
– Rheological division
• BASIN FORMING MECHANISMS
– Plate Tectonics
– Thermal
– Thermo-mechanical
– Mechanical
Homework due next
Thursday
Essay
• For the basin you have chosen to write a proposal in this class write an
essay (1 page or 300 words at most, including figures). In the essay
you will classify your basin according to Kingston et al., (1983a) scheme
(4-5 sentences). You should read Ch.1 of your book and the original
paper to get a detailed understanding of their classification
scheme. (This scheme was devised to help predict hydrocarbon
potential). Write a brief sentence or two about your opinion of this
classification scheme? Does it help you? Does it make it more difficult
to understand the basin? Please justify your answer with a
reason. Reason your case with evidence and write clearly in your own
words. Propose an alternative classification of your basin, if needed.
• Kingston, D.R. Dishroon,C.P. and Williams,P.A. (1983) Global basin
classification. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 67, 2175-2193. There is
also a *.pdf file of this paper available from my website.
Basins
• INTRODUCTION
– Definition and examples
(What is a basin?)
– How are basins classified?
– Homework # 1.A (due next Thursday)
• MAKEUP of the EARTH
– Compositional division
– Rheological division
• BASIN FORMING MECHANISMS
– Plate Tectonics
– Thermal
– Thermo-mechanical
– Mechanical
Basins
• MAKEUP of the EARTH
– Compositional subdivision
Crust
10-70 km
thick
Mantle
cont. granite peridotite
mantle
2.7 g/cc >3.1 g/cc
oceanic- basaltic down to
>2.8 g/cc 2900 km
depth
Where is the Moho
deepest?
lithosphere
DUCTILE
asthenosphere
Key parts of Plate Tectonics
crust lithosphere
DUCTILE
mantle
Mantle asthenosphere
Plates
What type of subdivisions are being used in these diagrams from Allen
and Allen (2005)?
Basins
• Definition and examples
• INTRODUCTION
– What is a basin?
– How are basins classified?
– Essay (due next Thursday)
• MAKEUP of the EARTH
– Compositional zonation
– Rheological zonation
• BASIN FORMING MECHANISMS
– Plate Tectonics
– Thermal
– Thermo-mechanical
– Mechanical
Plate Tectonics
What drives plate tectonics?
Driving Mechanism of
Plate Tectonics
• GRAVITY
• Convection may have overturned asthenosphere 4–6
times.
• Convection may initiate process but cooling leads to
densification and plate movement.
• A cold planet is a dead planet. Is there oil on Mars?
Ridge Push and Trench Pull