PANIPAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SMCS(CSE 4th Year)

Important Questions

1. In manufacturing a certain component, two types of defects are likely to occur with
respective probabilities .05 and 0.1. What is the probability that a randomly chosen
Component?
(a) Does not have both kinds of defects?
(b) Is defective?
(c) Has only one kind of defect given that it is found to be defective?
(2)State and prove Bayes’ theorem.
(3)Describe a sample space for each of the following experiment:
(a) A box of ten chips is known to contain one defective and nine good chips.
Three chips are chosen at random from the box and are tested.
(b) An If…Else statement is Executed four times.
(4)A series of n jobs arrive at a computing centre with n processors.Assume that each of
n possible assignment vectors are equally likely.Find the probability that exactly one
processor will be idle?
(5)A certain firm has plants A,B and C producing resp. 35%,15% and 50% of the total
output.The probabilities of a non-defective product are resp. .0.75,0.95 and 0.85.A
customer receives a non-defective product.What is the probability that it came from plant
C?
(6)

Compute the reliability of the above system.

(7)In a party of five persons, compute the probability that at least two have the same
birthday, assuming a 365-day year?
(8) Consider a trinary communication channel whose channel diagram is shown below
For i=1, 2 ,3. let Ti denote the event“ digit i is transmitted” and Ri “ digit i is received”.
Assume that a 3 is transmitted three times more frequently than 1,and a 2 is sent twice as
often as 1.If a 1 has been received ,what is the expression for the probability
That a 1 was sent ? Derive an expression for the probability of a transmission error.

9. If contents of three urns are: 1 white,2 red ,3 green balls;2 white,1 red ,1 green; 4
white,3 red ,3 green balls.Two balls are drawn from an urn chosen at random.these are
found to be 1 white and 1 green .find the probability that balls so drawn came from the
third urn.
10. If a three-digit decimal number is chosen at random ,find the probabity that exactly k
digits are ≥ 5,for 3 ≥ k ≥ 0.
11. Define Expectation. Prove that E [ XY ] = E [ X ] E [ Y ] , X and Y are independent
random variable.

12. Prove that geometric distribution possesses memory less property.

13. If X is a non negative, continuous random variable with Markov property, then show
that distribution of X is exponential.

14.Compute E [ X ] , V [ X ] and coefficient of variation for Bernoulli and Possion pmf’s.

15. Explain Renewal model of program behavior. Derive an expression for the average
fault rate.

16. Define the term Stochastic process. Explain briefly the classification of Stochastic
process.

17 Explain the following terms briefly

(a) Conditional pmf.
(b) Conditional cdf
(c) Conditional Expectation.
(d) Normal distribution
(e) Non homogeneous Bernoulli process.
18. Write short note on computation of mean time to failure.
19.Show that the failure rate h(t ) of the hypoexponential distribution has the property
lim h(t ) = min { λ1 , λ2 } .
t →∞

20. A mischievous student wants to break into a computer file, which is password
protected. Assume that there are n equally likely passwords and the student chooses
password independently and at random tries them. Let N n be the number of trials
requested to break into the file. Determine the pmf of N n
(a) If unsuccessful passwords are not eliminated from the further selection and
(b) If they are.
21. For a standrazied normal variable prove that FZ (− z ) = 1 − FZ ( z ) .
22. Given that for a particular value of x of normal random variable X, the corresponding
x−µ
value of standardized variable Z is given by z = .Then prove that
σ
 x−µ 
FX ( x) = FZ  .
 σ 
23.Let X be a random variable denoting time to failure of component. Suppose the
distridution function of X is F ( x) . Use this distribution to express the probability of
the following events
 (a) 9 < X < 90
(b) X < 90
(c) X > 90 when X > 9 .
24. Given that n ≥ 1 arrivals have occurred in time interval (0, t ] the conditional joint pdf
of the arrival times T1 , T2 ,...Tn is given by
n!
f t1 , t2 ,..., tn : N ( t ) = n  = n .
t
25. Explain the concept of
(a) Superposition of Poisson processes
(b) Decomposition of Poisson processes.

26. Explain Renewal process and derive

(a) Fundamental renewal equation (b) renewal equation
27. Prove that Var [ X + Y ] = Var [ X ] + Var [ Y ] , if X and Y are independent random
variables.
 PANIPAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SMCS CSE-7th sem
Time: 3hrs MM: 100

Note: Attempt five questions by selecting at least one from each unit.

UNIT-I

1(a) A series of n jobs arrive at a computing centre with n processors.Assume that each
of n possible assignment vectors are equally likely.Find the probability that exactly
one processor will be idle?
(b) A certain firm has plants A,B and C producing resp. 35%,15% and 50% of the total
output.The probabilities of a non-defective product are resp. .0.75,0.95 and 0.85.A
customer receives a non-defective product.What is the probability that it came from
plant C?
(c) In a party of five persons, compute the probability that at least two have the same
birthday, assuming a 365-day year?

2(a)Define m out of n system .Derive an expression for the reliability of m out of n

system.Also define a TMR system and compute the reliability of a TMR system.
(b)Determine the conditions under which A is independent of its subset B
(c)Consider the non series parallel system of four independ components shown in the
fig.The system is considered to be functioning properly if all components along atleast
one path from input to output are functioning properly.determine an expression for
system reliability as a function of component reliabilities.

UNIT-II

3(a) Explain the following terms briefly

(i) Conditional pmf.
(ii) Conditional cdf
(iii) Conditional Expectation
(b)Write short note on computation of mean time to failure.
4(a) Define Expectation. Prove that E [ XY ] = E [ X ] E [ Y ] , X and Y are independent
random variable.

(b) Show that the failure rate h(t ) of the hypoexponential distribution has the property
lim h(t ) = min { λ1 , λ2 } .
t →∞

UNIT-III
5(a)Explain the concept of
(i) Superposition of Poisson processes
(ii) Decomposition of Poisson processe
(b) Given that n ≥ 1 arrivals have occurred in time interval (0, t ] the conditional joint pdf
of the arrival times T1 , T2 ,...Tn is given by
n!
t1 ,2 ,...,
f t t N 
:t
 n n ( ) == .
tn
6(a) Explain Renewal process and derive
(i)Fundamental renewal equation (ii) renewal equation
(b) Define the term Stochastic process. Explain briefly the classification of Stochastic
Process.

UNIT-IV
7(a)Explain briefly the significance of chapman kolmogorov equation
(b)Given a two state Markov chain with the transition probability matrix
1 − a a 
P=  , 0 ≤ a, b ≤ 1,|1 − a − b |< 1
 b 1− b 
Show that the n step transition probability matrix P (n) = P n is given by
 b + a (1 − a − b) n a − a (1 − a − b)n 
 
a+b a+b
P ( n) =  
 b − b(1 − a − b) n a + b(1 − a − b)n 
 
 a+b a+b 
8(a)Explain the concept of Discrete parameter Birth-Death Process.
(b) Consider a system with two components .We observe the state of the system every
hour.A given component operating at time n has probability p of failing before the
next observation at time n+1.A component that was in failed condition at time n has a
probability r of being repaired by time n+1,independent of how long the component
has been in afailed state.The component failure and repairs are mutually independent
events.Let X n be the number of components in operation at time n, { X n |n=0,1,….}
is a discrete parameter homogeneous markov chain with the state space I={0,1,2}
Determine its transition probability matrix P,and draw the state diagram.Obtain the
steady state probability vector,if it exists.