SAGER, SHARON C.

II-BSENG

I. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF VOLLEYBALL

The game of volleyball, originally called “mintonette”, was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, after
the invention of basketball by only 4 years. Morgan, a graduate of the Springfield College of the YMCA,
designed the game to be a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis and handball.

The first volleyball net, borrowed from tennis, was only 6’6″ high (though you need to remember that the
average American was shorter in the 19th century).

The offensive style of setting and spiking was first demonstrated in the Philippines in 1916. Over the
years that followed, it became clear that standard rules were needed for tournament play, and thus the
USVBA (United States Volleyball Association) was formed in 1928.

Two years later, the first 2-man beach volleyball game was played, though the professional side of the
sport did not emerge until much later. Not surprisingly, the first beach volleyball association appeared in
California (1965), and the professional players united under the auspices of the AVP (American
Volleyball Professionals) in 1983.

During the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, American men and women took gold and silver medals in indoor
volleyball competition. Four years later at the Olympics in Korea, the men once again scored gold.
Starting in 1996, 2-man beach volleyball was officially introduced to the Olympics. Today, there are
more than 800 million volleyball players worldwide, 46 million of them in the U.S.

A TIMELINE OF SIGNIFICANT VOLLEYBALL EVENTS.

• In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.

• In 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck
by another player (the set and spike) were introduced.
• In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
• In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.
• In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11
states were represented.
• In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball
Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the
field was open to non-YMCA squads.
• In 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.
• In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.
• In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball
Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.
• In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded.
• In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.
• In 1949, the initial World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
• In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
SAGER, SHARON C. II-BSENG

• In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.

• In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.
• In 1975, the US National Women’s team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas
(moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San
Diego, CA in 1985).
• In 1977, the US National Men’s team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio
(moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).
• In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.
• In 1984, the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold,
and the Women the Silver.
• In 1986, the Women’s Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.
• In 1988, the US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.
• In 1990, the World League was created.
• In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!
• In 1996, 2-person beach volleyball will be an Olympic Sport.

SOURCE: http://www.athleticscholarships.net/history-of-volleyball.htm

II. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GAME OF VOLLEYBALL

Volleyball is a team sport played by two teams on a playing court divided by a net.

The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S.
that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.

Today there are more than 24 million Americans who play volleyball.

There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week.

The object of the game is for each team to send the ball regularly over the net to ground it on the
opponent's court, and to prevent the ball from being grounded on its own court. The ball is put into
play by the right back-row player who serves the ball by hitting it over the net to the opponent's court.
A team is allowed to hit the ball three times (in addition to the block contact) to return it to the
opponent's court. A player is not allowed to hit the ball twice consecutively, except when attempting a
block. The rally continues until the ball touches the ground/floor, goes "out" or a team fails to return
it to the opponent's court or commits a fault.

VOLLEYBALL SCORING SYSTEMS

RALLY POINT SCORING

The team winning a rally scores a point (Rally Point System). When the receiving team wins a rally,
it gains a point and the right to serve, and its players rotate one position clockwise.
SAGER, SHARON C. II-BSENG

The best of three or best of five games will win matches. Each non-deciding game will be won by the
team that first scores 25 points with a minimum two-point advantage (no scoring cap). If there is a
deciding game, it will be won by the team that first scores 15 points with a minimum two-point
advantage (no scoring cap).

SIDEOUT SCORING

Only the serving team may score a point, except in the deciding game when rally-point scoring is
used. When the receiving team wins a rally, it gains the right to serve (also scoring a point in the
deciding game), and its players rotate one position clockwise. Rotatation ensures that players play at
both the net and the back zone of the court.

A team wins a game by scoring 15 points with a two-point advantage and wins the match by winning
the best of three or five games. In the event of a 16-16 tie, the team scoring the 17th point wins a non-
deciding game with only a one-point advantage. In a deciding game there is no point cap.

SOURCE: http://www.volleyball.org/whatis.html

III. BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

Volleyball play is comprised of the following basic components: passing, setting, spiking, blocking,
serving, and receiving serve.

1) Passing is the act of sending the volleyball to a setter so that he or she can, in turn, present the
ball to the spiker for an attack. The two primary passing methods are the bump and the dig.

2) Setting the ball is a critical area of the overall offensive attack. If the set is poorly placed, it can
dramatically lower the effectiveness of even versatile spikers, because it limits their hitting options
and their likelihood of hitting a kill shot for a point or sideout. Conversely, a well-delivered set gives
a hitter a much better chance to avoid blocks and direct the ball strategically.

3) Spiking is the act of driving the volleyball hard into an area of your opponent's court. The two
basic power shots are the cross-court shot and the baseline shot. Once an opponent has developed a
healthy respect for a team's spiking power, alternative offensive shots such as tips and dinks can be
employed with greater effectiveness.

4) Blocking is the primary defensive skill used to neutralize strong spiking attacks. It involves using
players' arms to form a wall in front of the spiker, thus making it more difficult for him or her to hit
the ball into the opposite court. When properly executed, a good block can be an effective weapon in
scoring points or securing sideouts. In high-level competition, teams commonly employ more than
one blocker against good spikers.

5) Serving is a very important element of volleyball. A server who can serve the ball reliably and
skillfully will help his or her team far more than will a player who, for instance, is inconsistent with
their serving. There are a variety of serves that are employed in competitive volleyball, from
"floaters" that seem to shimmy and shake on their way over the net to hard-driven jump serves.
SAGER, SHARON C. II-BSENG

6) Receiving the serve is vital to success for any team. Poor reception of service puts teams hoping
to get a sideout at a huge disadvantage right from the beginning. If the person receiving the serve is
unable to make a good pass to the setter, then the setter's task of setting a good ball to the spiker is
made that much more difficult. Receiving the serve sets the tone, then, for the whole offensive
sequence that follows.

SOURCE: http://www.answers.com/topic/what-are-the-six-basic-skills-of-volleyball

IV. FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT IN VOLLEYBALL

CEILING HEIGHT
The playing space is free from any obstructions to a height of 7 m (23') from the playing surface.

PLAYING COURT - The playing court measures 18 m x 9 m (59' x 29'6").

CENTER LINE - The axis of the center line divides the court into two team courts measuring 9m x 9 m
(29'6" x 29'6") each.

LINES - All lines on the court are 5 cm (2") wide.

BOUNDARY LINES - Boundary lines: Two sidelines and two end lines mark the playing court. All
boundary lines are drawn inside the the dimensions of the playing court.

ATTACK LINES - Attack lines are drawn in each team court so that the edge of the attack line farthest
from the center line is 3 m (9'10") from the axis of the center line. Extensions of the attack lines outside
the court shall be marked with five 6" lines spaced 8" apart to a total length of 70" (for national
competition).

AREA AROUND THE COURT (FREE ZONE) - The free zone surrounds the court with a recommended
minimum width of 2 m (6'6").

Source(s):http://www.volleyball.org/general/

TERMS USED IN VOLLEYBALL

Ace- A serve not returned by the opposing team.

Attack- An attempt by the offensive team to end the rally by hitting the ball to the floor of the defensive
team.

Attacker- A player who spikes or hits the ball over the net.

Block- A skill executed above the net by one or more players to prevent a spike from entering their side
of the court.

Dig- A basic skill used to receive an opponents attack. (Also called a bump)

Down Ball- An attacked ball the blockers judge as not having enough speed or good enough court
position to require a block.

Foul- Any rule infraction that causes the referee to blow the whistle.
SAGER, SHARON C. II-BSENG

Forearm Pass- A basic skill where the ball is rebounded off the players forearms to the desired target.

Free Ball- A ball returned by the opposing team that cannot be attacked and, instead, is passed over the
net.

Hit- Another term used for an attack or spike.

Kill- An attack not returned by the defense.

Overhead Pass- A basic skill where the ball is contacted above the head with both hands. It can be used
on defense, serve receive and setting.

Rally- The time from the start of the serve until the play is ended by a point or side out.

Rally Scoring- An alternative scoring system incorporated in the deciding game of a match where a point
is scored when either team wins the rally.

Rotation- When a team earns a side out, the team moves one position clockwise on the court before the
next serve.

Serve- A basic volleyball skill used to put the ball into play.

Set - An overhead pass directed to an attacker.

Side out- When the serving team loses the rally and the receiving team gets the ball and the next serve
attempt. (Does not result in a point unless rally scoring is being used.)

Spike- A powerful attack that incorporates jumping and hitting the ball into the opponents court with one
hand.

Sprawl- A defensive technique used to retrieve a ball in front of the defender.

Tip- An offspeed shot used by the attacker directed at the holes in the defense. Also called a dump or
dink.

SOURCE: http://mountolivevolleyball.tripod.com/id11.html